2018年高考英语语法复习精讲六(定语从句)

高考语法定语从句精讲

一个句子充当了定语，那么这个句子就叫定语从句。

可以充当定语的

1 adj. a beautiful girl

2 n. An apple tree 3介词短语 a girl in red.

4 非谓语 doing 表主动，表进行done 表被动，表完成to do 表目

的，表将来

非谓语作前置定语 a falling leaf 一片正在飘落的叶子

A fallen leaf 一片已经飘落的叶子

非谓语作后置定语 a girl speaking french.

A film called Tatanic

The meeting to be held in 3 hours is very important.

定语从句： he is a man who comes from England.

先行词 关系词 从句

关系词： 关系代词: which that who whom as whose

关系副词:when where why

填写关系词的三个步骤

1先确定定语从句部分 2 找先行词

3 把先行词带入定语从句中， 看其在定语从句中充当什么成分，然后

在根据具体情况填入关系词。

关系代词 指代 定语从句成分 可否省略

who 人 主, 宾 关系代词在从句

中作宾语时可省略 whom 人 宾

whose 人，物（的） 定+名词

which 物 主，宾

that 人，物 主，宾

as 人，物 主，宾

关系副词 指代 定语从句成分 可否省略

when 时间 介词+which 做时间状语 不可省略

where 地点 介词+which 做地点状语

why 原因 for+which 做原因状语

一、当先行词是人时且先行词在定语从句中作主语时，用who/ that

且先行词在定语从句中作宾语时, whom/that/不填/who

且先行词在定语从句中作定语时，用whose Eg she is a girl _________ speaks french.

I give an apple to her ________everyone likes very much.

We all like the girl _______ french speaks very well.

二当先行词是物时且先行词在定语从句中作主语时，用which/ that 且先行词在定语从句中作宾语时，用which/that/不填

且先行词在定语从句中作定语时，用whose.

Eg. I can’t find my pen_________ is my favorite.

I like the cake _________ my mother made this morning.

I like the room _______ windows face south.

三关系副词when / where/ why = 介词+ which

（在定语从句中作状语）

（at 10 o’clock, in the room, for this reason, in this way）

时间

I won’t forget the days _______ we studied together.

I won’t forget the day_______ we spent together.

地点

I visited the factory ________ my father worked ten years ago.

My father works in a factory _______ i visited last week.

原因

I don’t accept the reason _______ he give me.

This is the reason _______ he is late for school.

This is the reason _______ I don’t accept.

This is the reason _______ is unreasonable.(不合理的)

四介词+ 关系词先行词是人，介词+whom,

先行词是物，介词+which

附:介词后面不能用that

逗号后面不能用that

介词后面不能用who

物

I bought three books, two of _____ are story books

I bought three books, and two of _____ are story books.

A which

B them

C that

D 不填

人

Here comes five girls, two of ______ are my friends

Here comes five girls, and two of _____ are my friendsin

A whom

B Who

C them

D which

五 先行词是物时，只能用that 的情况（不能用which ）

1 当先行词是all, little, much, more,everything, anything, nothing 等不定

代词时Eg

Tom told his mother all _____ had happened.

2 当先行词本身是序数词，形容词最高级或者先行词等这些词修饰时

This is the best book _____ I have ever read

3 当先行词被the only, the very, the last, only, all, any ,no 修饰时

This is the only book ____ i can find

I want to read all the books ____ were written by mary.

4当先行词既是人又是物时

I often meet tom and his dog _____look friendly to each other.

5当主句是以which /Who 开头的特殊疑问句时，为了避免重复，必须

用that

Which is the hotel ____ you like best?

六 定语从句中几个特殊的词

1 way 方式，方法

I don ’t like the way ___ is violent.

I don ’t like the way _____ he tells me I don ’t like the way ______ he speaks to me.

2 当先行词是表示抽象的模糊性的地点时， 关系词一般情况下用

where/介词+ which, 特殊情况下具体问题具体分析。 如point, stage, period, situation, activity, scene, case,spot,atmosphere.

Eg

In which that 不填

Tom is at the turning point ______ he doesn’t know how to choose his

life way.

I don’t want to face the situation_______ is uncomfortable for me.

I don’t want to face the situation _____ I feel uncomfortable.

七限制性定语从句：不带逗号

非限制性定语从句：带逗号，不能用that，不能有who代替whom,关系词不能省

八as 和which

1、在限制性定语从句中

as指代代词、名词，常用于一些固定的结构the same ...as, such....as, as many/much....as.

Which 指代名词，代词，整个句子.

2、在非限制性定语从句中

as指代整个句子；有正如......的意思，引导定语从句可以在主句之前、句中，句后。

Which指代名词，代词，整个句子，没有正如......的意思，引导的定语从句只能在主句后。

Tom gave me an interesting story book, ______is my favorite.

____ is the often case, Mary is late for school.

_____ is known to us, the earth goes around the sun

He won 3 games, ______ surprised all us.

九He is one of the students who have passed the exam.(从句的谓语动词和先行词保持一致)

He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam