中国墓葬文化_PPT

棺 椁
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Burial objects
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When the workers was bombing the mountain to dig a tunnel, they found a hole and there was a big tomb in this hole. Then, the archaeologists came. It was the tomb of Liu Sheng （Prince Zhongshan），a son of Emperor Jing of Han, the fourth emperor of the West Han Dynasty.
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Jade clothes sewn with gold wire
金 缕 玉 衣
2015-5-21
Jade clothes sewn with gold wire was just a legend. People had never seen one before the finding of this tomb. It was a suit, including the jacket, pants, helment, gloves and even shoes. The most amazing thing is that it was made according to a man’s bone structure and joint, especially reflected from the gloves. Experts says that such a suit will take at least a decade. In this suit, there are 2498 pieces of jade piece and about 1100 grams of gold thread. Luckily, we also found a suit in the tomb of his wife.
Cliff burial 崖葬
The most common ways of Cliff burial is burial in a hole or cave and burial of hanging coffins. The hanging coffins of Dragon and Tiger Mountain in Jiangxi is very famous. It belongs to the Ancient Yue culture
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Gilt Bronze Human-Shaped Lamp
长 信 宫 灯
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西汉长信宫灯，中国汉代青铜器，1968年于河北省满
城县（今河北省保定市满城县西南约1.5公里的山崖上 ）中山靖王刘胜妻窦绾[wǎn]墓中出土。2010年作为中 国2010年上海世界博览会展品展出。宫灯灯体为一通 体鎏金、双手执灯跽坐的宫女，神态恬静优雅。灯体 通高48厘米，重15.85公斤。长信宫灯设计十分巧妙， 宫女一手执灯，另一手袖似在挡风，实为虹管，用以 吸收油烟，既防止了空气污染，又有审美价值。此宫 灯因曾放置于窦太后（刘胜祖母）的长信宫内而得名 ，现藏河北省博物馆
The art of Netherworld
Tombs
1、Some forms of ancient Chinese tombs 2、The necessary parts of ancient Chinese tombs
3、An example
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Celestial burial
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Epigrap 碑刻
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阙
隋 唐 洛 阳 城 应 天 门 西 阙
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陵墓阙 是现存汉阙中保存得最多的类型。它们均位于
陵墓之前，两相对称，中阙为道，为陵墓神道的入口 大门。它们或木构，或石砌；木阙现已无存，石阙则 实例颇多，均为后汉物。阙身形制略如碑而略厚，上 覆以檐；其附有子阙者，则有较低较小之阙，另具檐 瓦，倚于主阙之侧。檐下有刻作斗拱枋额，模仿木构 形状者，有不作斗拱，仅用上大下小之石块承檐者。 著名的陵墓阙有四川渠县、冯焕阙、沈府君阙，绵阳 平阳府君阙，梓桐李业阙以及山东嘉祥武氏祠阙（有 子阙而无斗拱），平邑皇圣卿阙等等十数处。这些阙 均为公元一、二世纪遗物，不仅是研究汉代建筑而且 也是研究汉代社会生活和书法、雕刻艺术的重要实物
Burial 土葬
This is the most common way used by all kinds of nationalities, although they have different customs. Chinese think that burial brings peace to deceased.
Cremation
Forms of burial
Tree burial
Water burial
Cliff burial Burial
Pagoda burial
Celestial burial 天葬
This is popular in Zang nationality, also called“Bird burial”. When one dies, he will stay in the house for some day. After that, people move him to a special place from the window to let birds eat the body.
西风残照，汉家陵阙
四 川 雅 安 高 颐 阙
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翁 棺
2015-5-21
瓮棺 明代。通高123厘米，口径61厘米[1]，八棱形，子
母口，圆肩，收腹，平底，体施 黄褐釉。腹分3层装 饰。上层饰凤鸟、乐器、书画等；中层饰3组人物及凤 鸟、垂柳、 翠竹；下层饰仰莲。盖为八棱塔状，顶有 一圆孔，径16厘米，棱面除一组饰人物外， 其余为凤 鸟、花卉、垂柳、翠竹等图案。藏青州市博物馆。[
Pagoda burial 塔葬
This is used by Buddhist. When one dies, his bone ash will be put in a pagoda.
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There are usually some lettering on the stele. When one dies, people will write down his life especially his contribution on the stele for memories.
Cremation 火葬
People will be burned in this form. Now, it’s popular in the city because it is convenient and do not waste the earth.
Tree burial 树葬
It is also called “Wind burial”. There are many ways, some people just put the body in the branches, someone put the coffin on the tree like Hezhen（赫哲族），and some people make a small house on the tree in which put the body like The Lhoba Nationality( 珞巴族）。
Water Burial 水葬
People tie the limb and bolt a big stone in the chest of the body. Someone carry the body on the back and put it into the water. This form was used by some Zang Nationality before the founding of the People's Republic of China