霍桑红字ppt课件
霍桑PPT---红字,好小伙子布朗
• According to Hawthorne, “there is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life; but circumstances may rouse it to activity.” • A piece of literary work should “show how we are all wronged and wrongers, and avenge one another.” So in almost every book he wrote, Hawthorne discusses sin and evil.
1.2 Major works
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Twice-Told Tales (Which includes “The Minister’s Black Veil”)《故事重述》 Mosses from an Old Manse (Which included “Young Goodman Brown”)《古宅青苔》 The Scarlet Letter《红字》 1850 The Houses of the Seven Gables《带有七个尖角阁 的房子》1851 Blithedale Romance 《福谷传奇》 1852 The Marbl Literary •style Hawthorne's work belongs to Romanticism, an
artistic and intellectual movement characterized by an emphasis on individual freedom from social conventions or political restraints, on human imagination, and on nature in a typically idealized form. • Some classify him as a gloomy “guilt-ridden moralist.”
河南大学老师的课件霍桑
II. Literary Career
• 1837-1842: Twice-Told Tales 《故事新编》 • 1846: Mosses from an Old Manse 《古屋青苔》 • 1850: The Scarlet Letter《红字》 • 1851: The House of the Seven Gables 《带七个尖角阁的房子》 • 1852: The Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》
Nathaniel Hawthorne(1804-1864) （纳撒尼尔· 霍桑）
The Scarlet Letter（《红字》）
Portrait of Hawthorne
Cover of The Scarlet Letter
I. Life
• 1. Birthplace: Salem, Massachusetts • 2. Family background: a family with a long Puritan tradition; father died when he was only 4 years old; mother relied on relatives in rearing her four children • 3. Education: reading extensively by his midteens and aspired to be a writer; from 18211825, he studied at Bowdoin college in Maine.
• The guilt can be seen as a strategy for achieving the self and alienation can be interpreted not as the punishment for guilt but as the opportunity for achieving an independent self, one which can morally transcend society and culture. • The journey from innocence to maturity requires a confrontation with evil. • It attacks society for its persecution of those who violate man’s conventions but none of Nature’s laws.
英美文学霍桑介绍-PPT课件
Strange behavior
brother and two sisters
Goody Glover
was arrested and accused of bewitching the children.
met twice with Glover after her arrest to persuade her to repent her witchcraft
Reverend Cotton Mather
Glover was hanged
In 1692
January 20
Abigail Williams(11) Elizabeth Parris (9)
Strange behavior
Other girls in Salem
Mid-February, 1692:
Salem Witchcraft Trial in 1692
The map of Salem (塞勒姆):
Salem was settled in 1629,Massachusetts
In 1688
Goody Glover : a laundress Martha Goodwin: a 13-year-old girl
• Hawthorne did three thing: first, as a surveyor second, Grandfather's Chair ; Famous Old People; the Liberty Tree
third, he invested his savings at Brook Farm
Nathaniel Hawthorne
life
• Hawthorne studied at Bowdoin college in Maine(1821~1825) • • Pot Longfellow and Franklin pierce
红字英文介绍The-Scarlet-LetterPPT课件
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Introduction
• The Scarlet Letter told a story of a puritan woman Hester Prynne who was punished to wear a scarlet A which stood for the crime of adultery. The pretty young lady tried to settle down in Boston with her old and ugly husband Chillinggworth, a scholar. But the latter did not appear for years. During this time, Hester committed adultery with a local Minster Dimmesdale, and gave birth to a girl Pearl. Facing the terrible punishment, Hester refused to give her lover’s name away to protect him. Years later, the husband Chillinggworth came to the town and found out the whole truth, and he operated an horror revenge on Dimmesdale, with hiding his own true name. Yet, as the story going, Hester and Dimmesdale became sympathetic figures, while Chillinggworth was a devil at last.
霍桑实验(ppt版本)
推动企业建立良好的沟通机制
实验强调了沟通在管理中的重要性，促使企业建立良好的沟通机制，加强内部沟通与协 作，提高工作效率。
促进企业关注员工心理健康
实验发现员工心理状态对生产效率有重要影响，这促使企业开始关注员工心理健康，采 取措施减轻员工心理压力，提高员工满意度和归属感。
阶段一：照明实验
总结词
照明对生产效率的影响
详细描述
实验通过改变照明亮度，观察工人在不同光照条件下的生产效率变化，以探索 照明与生产效率之间的关系。实验结果表明，适当提高照明亮度可以显著提高 生产效率。
阶段二：福利实验
总结词
福利条件对生产效率的影响
详细描述
实验通过改善工人的福利条件，如提供更舒适的工作环境、增加休息时间等，观 察福利条件对生产效率的影响。实验结果表明，改善福利条件可以提高生产效率 。
和工作质量。
对现代管理的意义
强调以人为本的管理理念
霍桑实验所揭示的员工需求和行为规律，对现代管理提出了以人为本的管理理念。现代管 理应注重员工的成长和发展，发挥员工的创造力和潜力，实现企业和员工的共同发展。
重视组织文化的建设
霍桑实验表明，组织文化对员工的行为和态度有重要影响。现代管理应注重组织文化的建 设，培养员工的价值观和归属感，提高组织的凝聚力和竞争力。
阶段三：访谈实验
总结词
访谈对生产效率的影响
详细描述
实验通过与工人进行访谈，了解他们的意见和感受，并尝试解决他们的问题和不满，以探索访谈对生产效率的影 响。实验结果表明，关注和解决员工的问题可以提高生产效率。
阶段四：群体实验
霍桑The-Scarlet-Letter赏析PPT课件
Plot Overview
• The story describes the illicit love affair of Hester Prynne with Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale.
At first it is a token of shame,”Adultery”,but then the genuine sympathy and help Hester offers to her fellow villagers changes it to “Able”.Later in the story,the letter A appears in the sky,signifying “Angel”.
3.It reflects the Calvinistic(加尔文主义的) thought
of “Original sin”. 4.It also expresses Hawthorne's devout and doubtful attitude to ethics and morality of Puritanism.
The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne
''Love ,whether newly born , or aroused from a death-like slumber , must always create a sunshine, filling the heart so full of radiance ,that it overflows upon the outward world.''
霍桑红字PPT课件
July 4, 1804 – May 19, 1864
❖ I do not want to be a doctor, and live by men’s diseases, nor a minister to live by their sins, nor a lawyer live by their quarrels. So I don’t see that there is anything left for me but to be an author.
Witch Trials.
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Hawthorne and American Puritanism
❖ Puritans was the name given in the 16th century to the more extreme Protestants（新教徒，基督教徒）within the Church of England who thought the English Reformation （英国宗教改革）had not gone far enough in reforming the doctrines and structure of the church. They wanted to purify their national church by eliminating every shred of Catholic influence（加尔文教势力 残余）. In the 17th century many Puritans emigrated to the New World, where they sought to found a holy Commonwealth in New England. Puritanism remained the dominant cultural force in that area into the 19th century.
红字
《红字》讲述了17世纪清教殖民统治下，在波士顿发生的一个恋爱悲剧。
女主人公海丝特·白兰嫁给了医生奇灵渥斯，奇灵渥斯遭遇海难，白兰以为他在海难中已经遭遇不幸。
在孤独中白兰与牧师丁梅斯代尔相恋并生下女儿珠儿。
白兰被当众惩罚，戴上标志“通奸”的红色A字示众。
然而白兰坚贞不屈，拒不说出孩子的父亲。
后来丈夫齐灵渥斯却平安地回到了新英格兰，并隐瞒了自己的身份。
当他查出白兰的情人是丁梅斯代尔，齐灵渥斯便开始折磨这位愧疚不已的年轻牧师。
最终，齐灵渥斯因偏狂报复而身败名裂；丁梅斯代尔不堪愧疚，身心俱毁，临终前在公开承认了通奸事实；只有海丝特勇敢地面对未来，准备带着女儿去欧洲开始新的生活。
霍桑是美国十九世纪杰出的浪漫主义小说家。
他把严肃的道德和历史内容与卓越的艺术表现形式巧妙地结合在一起；把天赋的想象力与高超的语言技巧融为一体。
他是一位真正富有个性与创造力的作家，因而一直享誉英美和世界文坛，至今盛名不衰。
进入二十世纪，美国的文学日趋成熟，涌现了一大批有成就的作家，如海明威、菲兹杰拉德、福克纳等。
这些作家无不从霍桑那里深受教益，无怪乎有人称霍桑是“作家中的作家”。
Demi Moore Hester PrynneFor m y point of view "The Scarlet Letter" is a good film with great performances… All the actors do a superb job… I was worried that Demi Moore might not have the range to handle the role of Mistress Prynne, but she is excellent... She is strong, passionate, in telligent and damaged… In another place and time she might have been a leader; in this movie she is quite believable as the woman who defends her love at all costs… Gary Oldman looks perfect as Reverend Dimmesdale… He projects force and sexual magnetism al ong with the guilt for his sin…The film opens in 1666 when Hester Prynne (Demi Moore) arrived in the Massachusetts Bay Colony filled with hope that here, at last, in this new World, would come the freedom to worship without fear or persecution… She didn't suspect that beyond the trees there is a savage land of savage passions dark and untamed, and that soon she will face a scornful community in which she will forever be shamed by the scarlet letter…Mistress Prynne rejected the idea of staying in the congregation until her husband's arrival and looked for a house of her own… She finds a beautiful and frightening place, just as 'Eden must have been so untouched…'On one Sabbath morning, Hester met Reverend Dimmesdale (Gary Oldman) who helps her when her cart got stuck in the woods… She truly enjoyed, few minutes later, his sermon … It was rare, for her, to find a man so young and fiery who could speak with such force of passion… She was moved by his passion…Dimmesdale thought that comprehending God was going to be his greatest challenge, but—after he met Hester—he was not the man he seems to be… He lost his power before this seductress beautiful woman… He lived in this township his whole life and his purpose was clear… But now he would risk everything—his life, his ministry, his soul—just to spend a few moments alone with her… After he asked her why that morning in the forest, she didn't say that she is married, he wondered how she were able to see so deeply into his nature…From that moment, two hearts were there struggling against a love that grew stronger with each passing day…Hester was courteous enough but her tongue knew no rules… She earned more than a few reprimands in her life for speaking too bluntly… With a frightening strength, she challenged her persecutors and stood up to their hypocrisy, refusing to reveal her lover's identity…"The Scarlet Letter" compels us to recognize the shadow side of our lives, including this passion that pushes us beyond our limits... The climax also compels us to contemplate about whether there is anything that we would be willing to die for…。
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the Salem Witch Trials. (塞勒姆女巫审判案)
❖ The Salem witch trials occurred in colonial
first Hawthorne's ancestors to arrive in the
colonies. After arriving, William persecuted
Quakers. William's son John Hathorne was
one of the judges who oversaw the Salem
❖ Puritans believed that human beings were predestined by God before they were born. Some were God's chosen people (God's elect 上帝的选民)while others were predestined to be damned to hell. The success of one's work or the prosperity in his calling given by God was the sign of being God's elect. Therefore, everyone must work hard, spend little and invest for more business. Working hard and living a moral life were their ethics. They regarded Bible to be the authority of their doctrine. To be able to read the Bible and understand God's will, education was essential for Puritans.
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Major Works 主要作品
❖ 1828 Fanshawe 长篇小说《范肖》 ❖ 1837 The Minister's Black Veil《教长的黑纱》 ❖ 1850 The Scarlet Letter 长篇小说《红字》—a
treatment of the effects of sin on the human spirit. ❖ 1851 The House of Seven Gables《有七个尖角阁
Nathaniel Hawthorne
July 4, 1804 – May 19, 1864
❖ I do not want to be a doctor, and live by men’s diseases, nor a minister to live by their sins, nor a lawyer live by their quarrels. So I don’t see that there is anything left for me but to be an author.
not want to be associated with the Salem
witch Βιβλιοθήκη rials that his father helped preside
over.
His ancestors: William Hathorne, who
emigrated from England in 1630, was the
Witch Trials.
.
Hawthorne and American Puritanism
❖ Puritans was the name given in the 16th century to the more extreme Protestants（新教徒，基督教徒）within the Church of England who thought the English Reformation （英国宗教改革）had not gone far enough in reforming the doctrines and structure of the church. They wanted to purify their national church by eliminating every shred of Catholic influence（加尔文教势力 残余）. In the 17th century many Puritans emigrated to the New World, where they sought to found a holy Commonwealth in New England. Puritanism remained the dominant cultural force in that area into the 19th century.
Massachusetts between 1692 and 1693.
More than 200 people were accused of
practicing witchcraft—the Devil's magic—
and 20 were executed. Eventually, the
colony admitted the trials were a mistake
popular imagination more than 300 years
later. Hawthorne changed the spelling in
his name, adding the “W” to his last name
and it is said that he did this because he did
❖ He worked at a Custom House（海关） and joined Brook Farm, a transcendentalist community, before marring Peabody in 1842.
❖ Published The Scarlet Letter in 1850. ❖ Died on May 19, 1864.
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Brief Introduction
❖ Born in 1804 in the city of Salem, Massachusetts（马萨诸塞 州）.
❖ Entered Bowdoin College in 1821 and graduated in 1825.
❖ Published his first work anonymously（不具名地）, a novel titled Fanshawe《范肖》in 1828.
and compensated the families of those
convicted. Since then, the story of the trials
has become synonymous with paranoia and
injustice, and it continues to beguile the