实用英语语法教程-第八章-非限定动词
非谓语动词(非限定动词)

(3) 原因状语 Being ill, she stayed at home. (=Because she was ill) (4) 让步状语 Having failed many times, he didn't lose courage. (=Even though he had failed many times) (5)方式状语 Please answer the question using another way. (6)伴随状语 He is standing over there, singing. (= He is standing over there and singing.)
主 语
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宾 语
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表 语
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定 语
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状 语
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补 语
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不定式 动名词
现在分词
过去分词
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谓语:
说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,有 人称和数的变化(即跟主语的人称和数一致)。 单谓语或动词 e.g. He works. 短语 He takes care of the baby. 情态动词/助 He will go to Shanghai. 动词+ v. He didn’t go to Shanghai.
不定式的时态和语态
He came to help us. (一般式) (充当什么成分?) I am very sorry to have broken your vase. (完成式) She pretended to be crying. (进行式) The book is to be published next month. (一 般式的被动式) The meeting is said to have been canceled. (完成式的被动式)
现代英语语法非限定性动词 (2018年1月17日)

英语语法之“非限定性动词”

非限定性动词不定式句的意义英语的不定式句 ( infinitive sentence ) 是以不定式独立地作谓语并表示一句完整意义的句子。
这种句子大都由省略句演变而来,传统语法没有把不定式句作为一个独立的语法范畴。
但是在语言发展过程中,这种句型却逐渐增多,现在似已成为固定型,很难说省略了什么成分。
因此我们有理由把不定式句划为一个独立的语法范畴。
不定式句可以表示以下一些意义:A表示“感叹”意义表示“感叹”的不定式句最常见于"to think that",固定形式,其that clause 从句谓语动词通常用虚拟语气,有时也用陈述语气think在这里的意思是对某一种情景去设想一下,你就会感到惊讶和惋惜。
例如:To think that he should come to this!(I am astonished to think that he should come to this)想不到他竟落到这等地步!To think that this precious book has fallen into the hands of those scoundrels!想不到这样一本珍贵的书竟落入那些坏蛋手中!To think that you are so careless!真想不到你竟如此粗心 !有时,我们可以见到to think of的形式。
例如:To think of our having wasted so much time on this project.想不到我们在这项工程上竟花费了这么多时间!To think of their being so indifferent to the well-being of the people! 想不到他们对人民的生活竟然这样漠不关心!" to suppose that " 结构也是一种表示感叹意义的不定式句。
英语中的非限定动词 (Nonfinite Verbs)

If you want to improve your spoken English, you should often practice speaking English. 3)有些动词后面用不定式。如:wish, hope, manage, ask, offer, promise, pretend, decide, learn, agree, care, choose, determine, expect, afford, arrange, attempt, beg,, dare, demand, desire, fail, long, prepare, refuse… 另外,tell, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn 等 动词常用“连接代词/ 副词+ 不定式”结构作宾 语。如: He offered to help us. They will tell us how to repair farm tools.
英语中的非限定动词 (Nonfinite Verbs)
非限定动词的特点: 1.非限定动词没有人称和数的变化。比较: He likes to play football. They like to play football. 2.如果非限定动词是及物动词,须有宾语。如: I get up early to read English in the morning. I suggest having a meeting. 3.非限定动词可以有状语修饰。如: I prefer to go there by bike. Excuse me for coming late.
2分词作表语时,在形式上与进行时态或被动语 态一样,但意义上是有区别的。比较:
Chapter 8Non-finite verbs 非限定动词

• 她喜好被人讨好。
• 非限定动词的三种形式:
• 1.Infinitive动词不定式: (to) + v原形
• 2.-ing participle现在分词:v-ing • 3.-ed participle 过去分词: v-ed • Eg:the books to be published (将来) • • The books being published (现在) The books published (过去)
• =He begins studying hard.
• 2.在forget, remmember, go on, stop, regret等后面接 不定式和现在分词意义有区别。
• eg: forget/remmember to do忘记/记得去做(未做)
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forget/remmember doing 忘记/记得做过(已做)
• 6.We manage _____ him into _____ our advice.
• A.to talk; accept B. to talk to; accept
• C. to talk to; accepting D. to talk; accepting
Thank you !
• 2. v+ sb +to do
• eg: I often ask him to help me. • 这类词有advise, ask, allow, invite, permit, order...(课本 P190) • 注意:allow和permit, advise的用法
非限定动词基本知识点

非限定动词基本知识点非限定动词(non-finiteverb)一、定义:非限定动词在句中不可单独用作谓语,不受主语的人称和数的限制;它在句中可以用作其他句子成分。
它包括三种:不定式(infinitive)、动名词(gerund)、分词(participles)。
二、功能:主语表语宾语定语状语补语同位语√√√√√√√√√√√√√否定not加在to前面√不定式√动名词√分词三、形式:不定式主动语态一般式todo被动语态tobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone动名词主动语态一般式doing被动语态beingdone否定not加在v-ing完成式havingdonehavingbeendone前面☆现在分词的形式等于动名词,过去分词的形式即为动词的过去分词。
☆过去分词通常则表示逻辑主语的动作已完成,或者与逻辑主语间就是被动关系,例如:gonefromhomesolong,theycouldn’trecognizetheplaceatall.(则表示动作已完成)someofthem,bornandbroughtupinvillages,hadneverseenatrain.(则表示被动)四、用法特别注意点:1、不定式①作宾补时,不带to的动词:感觉动词(feel,see,hear,watch,notice等)和使役动词(make,let,have),如:wefeltthehouseshake.iwouldhaveyouknowthatiamill.(不拎to的不定式)☆find与help之后,不定式可以拎to可不拎to。
②“for+名(代)词+不定式”结构,例如:forachildtodothatjobisn’tsuitable.it’stimeforustogo.☆在adj.+forsb.todosth.和adj.+ofsb.tosth.结构中,当形容词表示客观意义时,用for,如difficult,easy,impossible,important,hard等;当形容词表示主观意义时,用of,如nice,kind,good,bad,honest,stupid,silly,clever等。
非限定动词

[英语语法手册]非限定动词 A非限定动词种类、意义和特征1)非限定动词(verbal)有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种。
2)非限定动词和限定动词的基本区别a)限定动词在句子中可以单独作谓语动词,非限定动词在句中则不能单独作谓语动词。
b)限定动词的形式要与主语的人称和数一致,而非限定动词的形式则不受主语的人称和数的限制。
如:He likes to sing它他喜欢唱歌。
They like to sing.他们喜欢唱歌。
限定动词like受主语人称和数的限制,的形式与主语一致。
第一句为likes,第二句为like。
非限定动词sing则不受这种限制,它的形式不随主语而改变。
The man walking in front was carrying a flag.走在前面的人打着一面旗子。
The men walking in front were carrying flags.走在前面的人们都打着旗子。
限定动词be受主语的人称和数的限制,它的形式须与主语一致。
第一句为was,第二句为were.非限定动词walking则不受主语的限制,它的形式不随主语而改变。
3)非限定动词的双重性a)非限定动词有动词的特征:(a)如果非限定动词是及物动词,须有宾语。
(b)非限定动词可以由状语来修饰。
(c)非限定动词仍有语态和时态的变化。
b)非限定动词还有一些非动词的特征它相当于名词、形容词等,在句子里可以作这些词类所能用作的句子成分。
非限定动词双重性举例:He promised to do it tonight.他答应今天晚上做。
(非限定动词to do 的动词性质表现在它有宾语"和状语tonight它的非动词性质表现在它用作promised的宾语。
)I am sorry to have disturbed you.我打扰你了,对不起。
(to have disturbed是动词不定式to disturb的完成式,说明非限定动词有时态上的变化,这也是非限定动词的动词性质。
如何掌握非限定动词

如何掌握非限定动词如何掌握非限定动词非限定动词即非谓语动词,是那些不能单独作谓语,在人称和数方面不受主语限定的,具有名词、形容词和副词的某些特征的动词形式,是不定式、分词和动名词的总称。
要想掌握非限定动词,首先要熟悉英语的句子成分、时态及语态等,然后再了解非限定动词的特点、形式、作用及区别等。
当然还要做些相关的习题。
要着重掌握以下内容。
一.非限定动词的否定not须加在非限定动词之前。
加强语气时用never代替not。
1. 不定式的否定形式:I promised not to be late. You'dbetter not say that again.2.动名词的否定形式:Please excuse his not writing to you.3.分词的否定形式:Not having done his job, he is notallowed to go out.4.强调时的否定形式:Though never defeated in battle, theyfinally surrendered.二.非限定动词的完成式、进行式完成进行式及被动式1.完成式表示动作已经(或本应)完成,往往强调其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
I'm sorry to have woken you up.He intended to have come yesterday.Having failed twice, he didn't want to try again.2.进行式表示动作正在进行(或反复发生),有时强调某种情感。
I pretended to be reading the newspaper.I don't want you to be forever finding fault with me.3.完成进行式表示动作一直在进行(或反复发生,往往与表示一段时间的状语连用。
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称),chance(机会),decision(决定),determination(决心)
,eagerness(急切),effort(努力),inclination(倾向,爱好),
intention(意图),impatience(不耐烦)
一些词组如the first, the second, the last, the best, the only thing, the most suitable等后面也常跟不定式作定语。例如:
当句子的主语为aim(目的),ambition (志愿), duty (责任),function(功能),goal(目标), idea (想法),intention(意图),objective(目 的), plan (计划),purpose(目的), reason( 理由),suggestion (建议),wish (愿望)等抽 象名词时,常常用不定式作句子的表语。例如:
The whole family went to the beach to spend their weekend. 表示结果(有时在不定式前加上only,表示出乎意料或令人不愉快的
结果),例如:
A few days later he came back only to find that the troops had left.
(4)不定式作宾语补足语。例如:
I encouraged the students to ask more questions in class.
常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:
advise(劝告),allow(允许),ask(要求),beg(乞求) ,cause(引起),command(命令),compel(迫使), encourage(鼓励),expect(期望),force(迫使),get( 使得),instruct(指示),intend(打算),invite(邀请), order(命令),permit(允许),persuade(说服),prefer (宁愿),press(迫使),remind(提醒),request(要求 ),tell(告诉)等。
Mr. Smith promised to buy his son a birthday gift.
常跟不定式作宾语的动词有:afford(负担得起),agree(同意 ),aim(目标是),apply(申请),ask(要求),attempt( 试图),beg(恳求),consent(同意),decide(决定), demand(要求),determine(决心),expect(期待),fail (未能),hope(希望),intend(打算)等。
You have to do twelve courses so as to obtain the degree.
He spoke so eloquently as to move us to tears.
(7)不定式作独立成分(相当于句子状语),例如:
To make a long story short, this film is rather fantastic.
1. 不定式
1.1不定式的基本用法 不定式在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语以及宾 语补足语等。 (1)不定式作主语。例如: To hesitate means failure. 当主语较长而谓语较短时,常用it 作形式主语,不定式短语则放在 谓语的后面。例如: It took me three days to bring this work to an end. It is better to be envied than to be pitied. (2)不定式作表语。例如: To know everything is to know nothing.
The goal of the exchange program is to promote the understanding between the two countries.
Her suggestion is to look into the matter immediately.
(3)不定式作宾语。例如:
(5)不定式作定语,例如:
They had their families to support.
This is the only way to break open the box.
下面的eement (同意),ambition
(志向),
anxiety(渴望),attempt(试图)campaign(运动),claim(宣
表示原因,例如:
We shall be very happy to cooperate with you in the project. 表示条件,例如:
How can you catch the train to start so late?
【注】不定式作状语时,要注意so as to 和so…as to 的区别。 so as to 引导的是目的状语,相当于in order to, 表示“以便”;而 so…as to引导是结果状语,so后面跟形容词或副词,表示“到这 种程度以致…”。例如:
不定式充当宾语时,如果后面再接一个宾语补足语,则需要用it作 形式宾语,而将不定式移到补语后面。例如:
Tom found it hard to achieve the goal his parents set for him.
This has made it necessary for us to apply for a new licence.
He is always the first to answer questions.
Is a solicitor the best person to advise me about buying a house?
(6)不定式作状语
表示目的(为了加强语势,还可用in order to/ so as to来引导不定 式),例如: