CLOZE
新世纪大学英语4综合教程——Cloze和整句翻译地完整整合
Cloze (man has a blood)1) realm 2) elemental 3) obtain 4) stubbornly 5) transferred 6) transformed 7)subdued 8) expansion 9) irreplaceable 10) extinct 11) dynamic 12) verge 13) moderate14) ecological 15) rationalCloze（technology is a）1) emphasize 2) opposite 3) improved 4) luxuries 5) benefited 6) obviously 7) consciously8) fractures 9) eternal 10) groundbreaking 11) entitled 12) correlation 13) depends 14)exclusivelyCLOZE（According to）1) topic 2) creates 3) really 4) grasp 5) sure 6) opposite 7) contradictory 8) reality 9)physical 10) rigidity 11) individual 12) humility 13) rainbow 14) falsehoodCloze（Most people）(1) enjoy (2)physical (3)compelled (4) necessity (5) support(6) mental (7) idealize (8) status (9) values(10) classified (11) essential (12) mind (13) attitude (14) fortunateCloze(What does)(1) chase (2) reputation (3) dedicate (4) reward (5) sufficiently(6) measured (7) assure (8) Momentary (9) celebrity(10) target (11) frank (12) liberty (13) illusory (14) regardCloze (Truth is a fact)1) wither 2) sense 3) faithful 4) commit 5) aspirations 6) gratitude 7) dawns 8)accumulated 9) nourishment 10) preoccupied 11) flowers 12) tendered 13) weave 14) elevate TranslationCloze (We often hear)（1）luxuries （2）frugal （3）trading （4）curtail （5）splendid（6）hobbies （7) impulse （8) bare （9）wasteful （10）deny（11）deprivation （12）maintain （13）resolve （14）consumptionCloze (In the story)（1）disaster （2）assured （3）hastened （4）gently （5）afflicted （6）tender （7）paralyzed （8）abandonment （9）subtle （10）possess （11）preception （12）procession （13）impose （14）travel-stainedTranslation1)这个村子离边境很近，村民们一直担心会受到敌人的攻击The village is so close to the border that the villagers live in constant fear of attacksfrom the enemy.2)这个国家仅用了20年的时间就发展成了一个先进的工业强国In only 20 years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.3)这个公司已经发展成为这个地区主要的化工生产基地之一This company has evolved into one of the major chemical manufacturing bases in this region.4)鉴于目前的金融形势，美元进一步贬值是不可避免的Given the current financial situations, it is inevitable that the US dollar will befurther devalued.5)政府号召市民就控制水污染问题献计献策，但响应却不强烈The government’s call for suggestions about the contr ol of water pollution produced verylittle response from the citizens.6)天气没有出现好转的迹象，所以政府号召我们做好防洪准备The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.7)科学家曾一度任务没有比原子更小的东西了，但现在大多数人都知道原子是由更小的粒子构成的At one time scientists thought that there was nothing smaller than an atom but now most people know that an atom consists of even smaller particles.8)这些同学对世界杯十分关注，每天至少花两个小时看比赛的现场直播The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV.9)因为得不到贷款，无法按时开业，这家百货商店损失惨重The department store lost out because loans were very hard to come by and it could notstart business on time.10)我们不能到那里散步，因为那里有一个海军基地，禁止游客进入We can’t go there for a walk because there is navy base there, which is off limits totourists.1) 他的确懂得很多理论，但是，一碰到实际工作就显得非常无知He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he seems to be quiteignorant.2)最新调查表明，大多数市民支持政府再建立一个新图书馆的计划The latest survey shows that the majority of the citizens support the government’s planto build a new library.3)这两个国家之所以能够成功地达成科学技术合作协定是因为有利于他们进行合作的好几种因素一直在发挥作用The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technologicalcooperation because several factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.4)我在上小学时就看过那部电影，可就是一时想不起它的名字来I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won’t come to mindfor the moment.5)尽管他每天平均工作12个小时，他仍然陷于重重债务之中He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours every day on average.6)有必要知道他的身高吗？在我看来，这与他能否成为一个好律师没有关系Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whether he can be a goodlawyer or not.7)橱柜被安装到墙里，既节约空间，使用起来又方便The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient to use.8)这些工人挣的钱比我们多，可话又说回来，他们的工作也比我们危险的多These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is their job is moredangerous.9)海伦在大学里学的是经济学，与此同时她又把哲学作为第二专业来学习Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophy as her second major.10)重要的是你们要自己发现问题和解决问题，我是否到现场去无关紧要What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems by yourselves. It makes no difference whether I go there or not.1)大多数人都坚信法庭一定会严惩那些银行抢劫犯Most people strongly believe that the court will no doubt punish the bank robbers severely.2)在为治疗这种疾病而进行的长期探索中，医疗工作者克服了一个有一个的困难The medical workers overcame one difficulty after another in their long-term quest for a cure for the disease.3)根据所获得的情报，警察封锁了街道并且抓获了抢劫银行的罪犯Acting on the information they received, the police closed off the streets and caught the bank robbers.4)听说这家刚建成的电视机厂第一年就能生产50万台电视机，我们都感到惊讶We were amazed at learning that the newly-built TV factory can produce 500,000 TV sets in the first year.5)政府正在调查这么多人下岗的原因，并设法帮助下岗工人再就业The government is looking into the causes of so many layoffs and is trying to help thelaid-off workers to be re-employed.6)为了扩大产品的销售，这家公司采取多种措施，开拓市场，改进服务To expand the sales of its product, the company has taken up various measures to open up new markets and to improve its services.7)他的学习荒废到如此程度，要在一个月赶上别的同学恐怕是不可能的He has neglected his studies to such an extent that I am afraid it is impossible for himto catch up with the other students in a month.8)那家烟花爆竹厂由于未能遵守政府的安全条例上个月关门了The fireworks factory was closed last month for failing to comply with the governmentsafety regulations.9)我们的足球队能否战胜对手，还要等到比赛结束后才知道It remains to be seen whether our football team can beat its opponents.10)史密斯先生预言，新近发现的时候储藏再加上新技术的利用，会让原油价格降下来Mr. Smith predicted that the recent oil discoveries, together with the use of newtechnologies, would lead to a decline in the price of crude oil.(1)随着她个人生活的细节越来越多地被媒体披露出来，她不得不辞去公司总经理的职务As more and more details of her private life were disclosed by the media, she wascompelled to resign from the post of general manager of the company.(2)她对自己的新工作很满意，因为这份工作正好与她的兴趣相符She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.(3)我买了这件衬衣，因为它的价格从300元减到了80元I bought this shirt because the price was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan.(4)为了把孩子们抚养成人，这位母亲真是经历了各种磨难To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships.(5)警方在老太太的死亡案件中已经排除了他杀的可能性The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady’s death.(6)市政府承诺将尽快采取有效措施，解决空气污染问题The municipal government promised to take effective steps as soon as possible to solve theproblems of air pollution.(7)因为腿部受伤，我没有参加上个月学校举行的网球竞标赛I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because of my injuredleg.(8)要是能得到大多数女生支持的话，你赢的选举成为学生会主席的机会是很大的If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance ofwinning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.(9)他写的书并非都像这一本那么成功，所以我建议你从图书馆把它借来读一下Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend that you borrowit from the library and read it.(10)在2004雅典奥运会上刘翔打破男子110米栏世界纪录，获得冠军，这个纪录以前是有一个美国运动员保持的At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of the men’s 110-meterhurdles and broke the world record, which had been previously held by an American athlete.(1)他试图拯救这家濒临倒闭的企业，但是失败了He attempted to save the enterprise which was on the venge of collapse but failed.(2)总统已经宣布，在第一个任期结束时不再谋求连任The president has announced that he will not seek re-election at the end of his firstterm.(3)那个年轻教师在激发学生努力学习方面很有技巧The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.(4)她喜欢举行社交聚会，只要能找到借口，她就随时举办She loves giving parties and does os whenever she can find an excuse.(5)要在这家公司找到一个管理职位，你恐怕至少要和20个人竞争I’m afraid that you’ll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrativepost in this company.(6)坦率地说，就算你对公司很忠诚，我觉得你得到提拔的机会也不大To be frank, I don’t think you stand a good chance of getting promoted even if you areloyal to the company.(7)很显然，他的演讲激发了观众对地震灾难中受害者的极大同情It was obvious that his speech aroused the sympathy of the audience for the victims of theearthquake.(8)尽管他反复向我保证他有能力推销我们公司的产品，但在雇佣他之前我还要再面试他一次Though he has repeatedly assured me of his ability to promote our company’s products, I’ll give him another interview before hiring him.(9)公司的投资之所以以失败而告终是由于总经理的决策错误，于是董事会决定把他从公司赶出去The company’s investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of thegeneral manager and so the board of directors decided to throw him out.(10)我知道你累了，不过再坚持一会儿吧，再过半个小时我们就要到达顶峰了I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak inhalf an hour.1)这位驻联合国大使被授权代表本国政府，处理与该国相关的所有外交事务The ambassador to the UN was invested with full authority to deal with all the foreignaffairs concerning his country on behalf of his government.2)在火车上我一直在想期末考试的结果，直到乘务员提醒我目的地已经到了All the way on the train I had been preoccupied with the result of the term examinationuntil the conductor reminded me of the arrival of my destination.3)虽然车祸死亡名单中有她丈夫的名字，但她仍不停地再屋内走来走去，急切地盼望他早点回家里Although her husband’s name did not appear on the list of the people who got killed inthe traffic accident, she kept walking to and fro, anxious to see him back home sooner.4)我正准备把合同翻译成英语，突然意识到合同涉及的双方都是中国公司I was setting out to translate the contract into English when it dawned upon me that bothparties involved were Chinese companies.5)聚会上人们尽情的唱歌跳舞，把生活中的烦恼抛到九霄云外At the party, people sang and danced with abandon, totally forgetting the troubles intheir lives.6)怀着做一名宇航员的强烈愿望，杰克逊全身心地投入到长达两年的艰苦体能训练之中With the great aspirations to become am astronaut, Jackson committed himself to the 2-yearstrenuous constitution training.7)他的油画取材于亘古永存的神话故事，反映了那个时期欧洲人的鉴赏趣味His paintings, drawing on timeless fairy stories, exemplified the Europeans’ taste of theperiod.8)那个公共汽车司机不想承担事故责任，所以千方百计把责任推到乘客身上The bus driver didn’t want to take any responsibility for the accident and so he tookevery means to put the blame on the passengers on board.9)他不仅冒着生命危险把老人从熊熊燃烧的房子里救了出来，还把自己家屋子腾出来让他住下He not only risked his own life to save the old man from the burning house but made someroom in his own house for him to settle down.10)她从小就努力按照父母的教导去生活，形成了一整套为人处事的行为准则From childhood, she tried to live by the teaching of her parents and gradually accumulateda set of standards of conduct.1、她是一位很能干的家庭主妇，但喜欢凭一时冲动购物，厨房橱柜里总是堆满乱七八糟的东西，最终还是会丢弃的。
cloze
3.参照上下文的逻辑关系 3.参照上下文的逻辑关系
完形填空中常考的逻辑关系主要有： 完形填空中常考的逻辑关系主要有：
1) 转折，让步 转折， 这种关系表后一种观点与前一种观点 或事实相比有些出乎意料。 或事实相比有些出乎意料。 but, still, yet, however, though, although, no matter, nevertheless, nonetheless, in spite of, anyway, anyhow, even if, in any case, at any rate
1.词语辨析：给出的几个备选项，选项和选项之 词语辨析：给出的几个备选项， 词语辨析 间相互构成同义词， 间相互构成同义词，近义词及形近 词的关系。 词的关系。 2.上下文之间的逻辑关系：对比关系，因果关系， 上下文之间的逻辑关系： 上下文之间的逻辑关系 对比关系，因果关系， 并列和递进关系，转折和让步关系， 并列和递进关系，转折和让步关系， 补充关系，种属关系。 补充关系，种属关系。 3.搭配问题：掌握介词的搭配，动词和名词的搭 搭配问题： 搭配问题 掌握介词的搭配， 形容词和名词的搭配。 配，形容词和名词的搭配。 4.固定结构的识别： 固定结构的识别： 固定结构的识别 5.动词的用法：动词时态和语态，非谓语动词，动 动词的用法： 动词的用法 动词时态和语态，非谓语动词， 词深层的含义和生僻含义。 词深层的含义和生僻含义。
I don’t urge you to lie, ___ I tried to persuade you to tell the truth. a. nevertheless b. thus c. consequently d. oppositely 选d
4. 词汇辨析问题 同义词，近义词，形近词， 同义词，近义词，形近词，多义词不常用 义或用法。 的含 义或用法。
专四系列讲座之Cloze
为了体现以上思维模式，句与句、词与词 之间常常使用一些过渡词和照应词。这些 词在完型填空中占很大比重，切不可忽视:
因果 as a result，consequently，thus， therefore，for this reason，for that reason， because of，on account of，so that， due to，owing to等 列举 for instance，for example， one example is，such as等
语法结构
在解题中，考生主要依靠所学的 语法知识进行判断推理，排除干扰 项目，选出正确答案。这部分常常 测试动词的不同形式、主谓一致、 连接词、名词单复数、限定词用法、 形容词和副词的级、同位结构、平 行结构、倒装等。
搭配结构
完型填空测试题大量地涉及到搭配 结构，搭配结构有词与词之间的非固 定搭配、固定词组搭配和习语。有些 词和词之间的搭配虽非固定，但考生 在平常学习时应加以注意，如在 economic development zone（经济 开发区）中，我们不能用developing 或developed来代替development。
完型填空
完型填空（cloze）又称综合填空，最近有 人将其形象地译为“克漏字”。这种题型主 要考查考生的语言知识及综合运用能力。目 前，它成了几乎所有英语测试中不可缺少的 题型。这里将详细介绍考试中完型填空的命 题原则、题型特点及解题技巧。
一、完型填空介绍
完型填空主要测试考生运用语言的综合能力， 要求考生在全面理解短文内容的基础上选择出一 个最佳答案，使短文的意思和结构完整。 完型填空通常分为规则空格和不规则空格两种。 考试中常采用不规则空格形式，并且在短文开始 的1～2句中不设空格。短文题材极为广泛，涉及 文化、教育、人物、语言、历史、故事、科技等 诸多方面，通常人名、地名、数字、时间不在空 格范围内。测试采用多项选择形式，这样避免了 评分的主观误差，体现出试题的客观性和对考生 的公平性。
四级辅导完形填空cloze
利用上下文语境和逻辑关系，推断 出缺失的信息或答案。
逻辑推理方法
因果推理
根据已知信息，分析事件之间的 因果关系，推导出合理的结论。
归纳推理
从个别事例中总结出一般规律或 原则。
演绎推理
根据一般规律或原则，推导出具 体事件的结论。
阅读理解与逻辑推理的综合运用
先阅读全文，再分析逻辑关系
01
语法错误而失分。
篇章理解
提高阅读理解能力，注重 文章的整体结构和逻辑关 系，理解上下文语境。
练习与反思
大量练习完形填空，并对 错题进行反思，找出错误 原因，避免重复犯错。
心态调整与应试技巧
01
02
03
04
保持积极心态
相信自己的能力，遇到困难时 及时调整心态，保持乐观和自
信。
合理分配时间
在考试时合理分配时间，避免 因为时间不足而草率作答。
集中突破
针对自己的薄弱环节，集中一段时间进行重点突破，例如连续几 天专门练习完形填空。
模拟考试
在备考后期，定期进行模拟考试，模拟真实考试环境和压力，提 高应试能力。
学习方法与技巧
词汇积累
注重词汇的积累，特别是完 形填空中常见的词汇和短语 ，提高词汇应用的准确性。
语法巩固
回顾和巩固语法知识， 理解句子结构，避免因
四级辅导完形填空cloze
目录
• 四级完形填空cloze概述 • 词汇与语法知识 • 阅读理解与逻辑推理 • 真题解析与模拟练习 • 备考策略与建议
01 四级完形填空cloze概述
定义与特点
定义
完形填空（Cloze）是一种语言测 试题型，要求考生在提供的文章中 选填合适的词，使文章完整通顺。
大学英语4课后cloze及翻译原题带答案整理完整清晰
大学英语4课后cloze及翻译原题带答案Cloze1In the 21st century, clouds and stormy weather no longer automatically bring operations to a halt or force a change in targets（目标）. Technologies such as the Global Positioning System now allow cruise missiles（巡航导弹）and other smart weapons to home in on（瞄准并飞速接近）their targets. But the weather still is a factor that must be reckoned with, especially with precision-guided weapons that must be highly accurate （高度精确）to be effective.Fortunately, the ability to obtain weather forecasts will get better. In the next few years, remote weather sensors（传感器）will grow rapidly on unmanned vehicles. This will create a network of observing platforms that will give commanders an instant overview of weather inthe battle zone（战场）. In some areas you’ll have direct delivery of weather information straight from the computes to black boxes in aircraft and other vehicles. That will be especially important for target-bound aircraft（瞄准目标的飞行器）.Such technology will give whoever possess it a tremendous edge（优势）over their enemy and enable them to use developing weather conditions to their advantage. As we get superior satellites into space, we’ll gain huge advantages in observing meteorological conditions in denied areas（盲区）, where we don’t have people on the ground. And our modeling ability will continue to improve as our computers get more powerful. The past 10 years have witnessed a revolution in our communications and computer abilities. It’s exciting to think of what the next 10 years will bring.在第二十一世纪，云层和暴风雨天气不再自动带来业务停顿或迫使目标的变化（目标）。
大学英语4 秦秀白版 cloze和翻译
第一章clozerealmelementalobtainstubbornlytransferredtransformedsubduedexpansionirreplaceableextinctdynamicvergemoderateecologicalrational翻译：1. The village is so close to the border that the villagers live in constant fear ofattacks from the enemy.2. In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advancedindustrial power.3. This company has evolved into one of the major chemical manufacturingbases in this region.4. Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will befurther devalued.5. The government's call for suggestions about the control of water pollutionproduced very little response from the citizens.6. The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government calledupon us to get prepared for floods.7. At one time scientists thought that there was nothing smaller than an atombut now most people know that an atom consists of even smaller particles.8. The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spendingat least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV.9. The department store lost out because loans were very hard to come by andit could not start business on time.10. We can't go there for a walk because there is a navy base there, which isoff limits to tourists.第二章clozeemphasizeOppositeimprovedluxuriesbenefitedobviouslyconsciouslyfractureseternalgroundbreakingentitledcorrelationdependsexclusively翻译：1. He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, heseems to be quite ignorant.2. The latest survey shows / showed that the majority of the citizens support/ supported the government's plan to build a new library.3. The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific andtechnological cooperation because several factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.4. I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won'tcome to mind for the moment.5. He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hoursevery day on average.6. Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is irrelevant to whether hecan be a good lawyer or not.7. The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and isconvenient to use.8. These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is thattheir job is more dangerous.9. Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time shestudies philosophy as her second major.10. What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problemsby yourselves. It makes no difference whether I go there or not.第三章clozetopiccreatesreallygraspsureoppositecontradictoryrealityphysicalrigidityindividualhumilityrainbowfalsehood翻译：1. Most people strongly believe that the court will no doubt punish the bank robbers severely.2. The medical workers overcame one difficulty after another in their long-term quest for a cure for the disease.3. Acting on the information they received, the police closed off the streets and caught the bank robbers.4. We were amazed at learning that the newly-built TV factory can produce 500,000 TV sets in the first year.5. The government is looking into the causes of so many layoffs and is trying to help the laid-off workers to be re-employed.6. To expand the sales of its product, the company has taken up various measures to open up new markets and to improve its services.7. He has neglected his studies to such an extent that I am afraid it is impossible for him to catch up with the other students in a month.8. The fireworks factory was closed last month for failing to comply with the government safety regulations.9. It remains to be seen whether our football team can beat its opponent.10. Mr. Smith predicted that the recent oil discoveries, together with the use / employment of new technologies, would lead to a decline in the price of crude oil.第四章clozephysicalcompellednecessitysupportmentalidealizestatusvaluesclassifiedessentialmindattitudefortunate翻译：1. As more and more details of her private life were disclosed by the media, she was compelled to resign her post as general manager (or: resign as general manager / resign from the post of general manager) of the company.2. She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.3. I bought this shirt because the price was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan.4. To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships.5. The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady's death.6. The municipality (municipal government) promised to take effective steps as soon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.7. I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because of my injured leg.8. If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.9. Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend that you borrow it from the library and read it.10. At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of the men's 110-meter hurdle and broke the world record, which had been previously held by an American athlete.第五章clozechasereputationdedicaterewardsufficientlymeasuredassureMomentarycelebritytargetfranklibertyillusoryregard翻译：1. He attempted to save the enterprise which was on the verge of collapse but failed.2. The president has announced that he will not seek re-election at the end of his first term.3. The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.4. She loves giving parties and does so whenever she can find an excuse.5. I’m afraid that you’ll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post in this company.6. To be frank, I don’t think you stand a good chance of getting promoted even if you are loyal to the company.7. It was obvious that his speech aroused the sympathy of the audience for the victims of the earthquake.8. Though he has repeatedly assured me of his ability to promote our company’s products, I’ll give him another interview before hiring him. 9. The company’s investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of the general manager and so the board of directors decided to throw him out.10. I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak in half an hour.第六章clozewithersensefaithfulcommitaspirationsgratitudedawnsaccumulatednourishmentpreoccupiedflowerstenderedweaveelevate翻译1. The ambassador to the U.N. was invested with full authority to deal with all the foreign affairs concerning his country on behalf of his government.2. All the way on the train I had been preoccupied with the result of the term examination until the conductor reminded me of the arrival of my destination.3. Although her husband's name did not appear on the list of the people who got killed in the traffic accident, she kept walking to and fro, anxious to see him back home sooner.4. I was setting out to translate the contract into English when it dawned upon me that both parties involved were Chinese companies.5. At the party, people sang and danced with abandon, totally forgetting the troubles in their lives.6. With the great aspirations to become an astronaut, Jackson committed himself to the 2-year strenuous constitution training.7. His paintings, drawing on timeless fairy stories, exemplified the Europeans' taste of that period.8. The bus driver didn't want to take any responsibility for the accident and so he took every means to put the blame on the passengers on board.9. He not only risked his own life to save the old man from the burning house but made some room in his own house for him to settle down.10. From childhood, she tried to live by the teachings of her parents and gradually accumulated a set of standards of conduct.第七章clozeluxuriesfrugaltradingcurtailsplendidhobbiesimpulsebarewastefuldenydeprivationmaintainresolveconsumption翻译：1. She is a very capable housewife but she likes to purchase things on impulse. Her kitchen cabinets are always full of clutter that will eventually be discarded.2. University students should have the resolve to live a frugal lifestyle and should not try to keep up with the Joneses or follow trends and fads. They should know that only when you mind the pennies will the dollars take care of themselves.3. The couple are high-ranking executives of big companies. They eat out at least five days a week due to the lack of time for home cooking.4. The two signatures appear all of a piece. Even experienced experts may find it difficult to identify any difference between them.5. The editor of the journal cut out all the pictures attached to the article because the length of the article was restricted to only two pages.6. As a member of the standing committee, he has been tackling unemployment and traffic problems during the past three years.7. The old man made a will before his death, giving away all his savings to our school as scholarships, a decision sanctioned by his children.8. The doctor assured his patient that if he took the medicine three timesa day for three months without interruption, he would recover from the illness for good.9. Only when I looked back on my past experiences did I realize that my four-year period at university was the most care-free time in my life. 10. If we want to excel others in technological innovation, we must keep track of all the new ideas and developments in the field of science and technology.第八章clozedisasterssuredhastenedgentlyafflictedtenderparalyzedabandonmentsubtlepossessperceptionprocessionimposetravel-stained翻译：1. Fearing that she couldn't stand the blow, the police broke to the old woman as gently as possible the news of her son's death in the air crash.2. Investigations revealed that the road accident was caused solely by the driver who drove against traffic regulations.3. He is as mean as Shylock. When it comes to money, all the promises he's made to his friends count for nothing.4. Since last year, the company has been unable to sell its products, but it was the recent unsuccessful foreign trade deal that hastened its bankruptcy.5. He booked his ticket half a month in advance to assure himself of going back home on time to spend the Spring Festival with his family.6. At first, she had some worries about telling the truth. However, at length, she spoke out the secret that she had kept in her heart for several years.7. Helen tried to control her mood, but her trembling hands betrayed her nervousness.8. Annie was awarded a scholarship at school. When she told her parents the good news, she could not conceal her eagerness for praise from them though she claimed that it was nothing special at all.9. The leader of the rescue team told me under his breath that he had little hope of finding more survivors from the mine accident.10. In the early days of World War II, the German submarines ran riot in the Atlantic Ocean. However, when radar was invented in Britain, the Germans began to suffer heavy losses.。
全国大学生英语竞赛CLOZE 做题方法
全国大学生英语竞赛CLOZE 做题方法1．固定搭配（动词的基本用法，如make sb do sth;介词短语，如in details;连词搭配：whether......or,both.....and等
2．词性转化
3．并列时（词性、动词的语态、时态、单复数形式、比较级等都应一致）
4．做主语只能用名词、代词、动名词
5．虚拟语气的用法
6．被动语态
7．前后同义词呼应
8．表顺序的副词
9．语境揣测（肯定语气、否定语气）
10．名词可数不可数
11．“to”的鉴定，是不定时标志还是介词
12．习惯用法
13．连词的选择（表让步、转折、并列、假设）
14．同义词反义词
15．名词性从句或定语从句
16．动名词表伴随表结果。
大学英语4课后cloze及翻译原题带答案
大学英语4课后cloze及翻译原题带答案大学英语4课后cloze及翻译原题带答案Cloze1In the 21st century, clouds and stormy weather no longer automatically bring operations to a halt or force a change in targets（目标）. Technologies such as the Global Positioning System now allow cruise missiles（巡航导弹）and other smart weapons to home in on（瞄准并飞速接近）their targets. But the weather still is a factor that must be reckoned with, especially with precision-guided weapons that must be highly accurate （高度精确）to be effective.Fortunately, the ability to obtain weather forecasts will get better. In the next few years, remote weather sensors（传感器）will grow rapidly on unmanned vehicles. This will create a network of observing platforms that will give commanders an instant overview of weather inthe battle zone（战场）. In some areas you’ll have direct delivery of weather information straight from the computes to black boxes in aircraft and other vehicles. That will be especially important for target-bound aircraft（瞄准目标的飞行器）.Such technology will give whoever possess it a tremendous edge（优势）over their enemy and enable themto use developing weather conditions to their advantage. As we get superior satellites into space, we’ll gain huge advantages i n observing meteorological conditions in denied areas（盲区）, where we don’t have people on the ground. And our modeling ability will continue to improve as our computers get more powerful. The past 10 years have witnessed a revolution in ourcommunicationsand computer abilities. It’s exciting to think of what the next 10 years will bring.在第二十一世纪，云层和暴风雨天气不再自动带来业务停顿或迫使目标的变化（目标）。
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做完型题的流程
• 3)做完形题的程序： 做完形题不能只凭感觉做题。考生可能比较习惯 按照题目顺序，边读边做。这样很容易犯“只见树木， 不见森林”的错误。 正确的做题程序是： a.先做整体通读：通过整体通读应读出文章的中 心和文章的导向或作者的基本态度。通读时应注意： 不求甚解，重点读首句或首段。读完首段后可先读尾 段再读其它。除首句外不必读的很细，耗时不能超过 3分钟。 b.以段为单位，按段精读，按段理解，按段做题； 在完型填空文章中，段本身就是具有独立意义的一群。 c.尽心最后的通读检查；建议不要做完后立刻 review，可以过一段时间再进行这一步。
CLOZE
CET 4
Cloze
• • • • • 1.完形填空简介 2.完型填空的特点 3.几种解题策略 4.做完型题的流程 5.完形题的ze) 又叫综合填空，是测试学生 综合运用语言能力的一种题型. 具体地讲, 它要 求大家不但具有阅读理解的能力, 驾驭语法结 构的能力, 辨析词义的能力, 而且还要具有较强 的逻辑思维, 分析和判断能力. 同时对各类词法、 句法、上下文逻辑关系、语义搭配以及写作技 巧等还需具有较强的运用能力。由于这种测试 手段体现了较高的信度和效度, 在外语界得到 了普遍的认同, 因此在各级各类考试中被广泛 应用.
几种解题策略
• 6． 运用背景知识和社会常识解题方法
• 解答完形填空题时，有时文章中提供的 信息还不够，还需要考生把符合常识的 一些知识信息结合起来考虑，最后选出 符合常识的最佳答案。因此，考生的知 识范围越广，对文章的理解就越容易， 整体上知道所选短文在说什么，那么局 部上的每一个空填起来也会得心应手。
几种解题策略
• 2． 分析认识文章结构，理解领会文章各部分、 各层次之间的逻辑关系
• 只有明白文章结构，了解各段落之间的关系， 才能加深对文章的理解。明白了各部分是如何 为表现主题思想服务的，也就更容易把握带空 的句子所需要的是什么内容，因此就更容易选 准答案了。这要求考生具有扎实的英语词组、 短语、习惯用法等英语搭配的知识，这对于理 解文章的逻辑关系特别有利。文章的逻辑关系 不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、 目的、条件等关系。
几种解题策略
• 4．运用词汇、语法等方面的语言知识及搭配 关系解题方法 • 做题时应注意文章中的搭配： • ☆ 逻辑搭配：包括过渡词、连接手段、指代 关系、肯定、否定等； • ☆ 语义搭配：包括区别同义词、近义词、反 义词、形近异义词、同形异义词； • ☆ 结构搭配：指名词、动词、形容词等在句 中或文中与其他词的搭配； • ☆ 惯用搭配：即通常所说的固定短语。
完型填空的特点
• 3． 首句一般没有空格，对于首句应该 给与足够的重视，因为往往它就是中心 句或是引导句，它的时态往往决定了全 文的时态，所以多花一点时间看首句是 值得的。
完型填空的特点
• 4． 然后以句子为单位一句一句地读， 一句一句地填空，主要考虑语法、句意、 逻辑和上下文联系。暂时填不出来的就 空在那里。
做完型题的流程
• 1)通过阅读，读出信息，要求有三个读 的能力：文章整体的把握；上下句之间 的逻辑关系以及句子内部结构。
做完型题的流程
• 逻辑关系： 1)并列关系：标志词： and; and also; or; neither nor;either or; in the same way that is to say; similarly; likewise; equally(并列这种逻辑关 系在完形中更多的表现为不转折的意思)。 2)转折关系：标志词： but; however; on the contrary; by contrast; on the other han d;unfortunately 3)递进关系：标志词： then; besides; in addition; additionally; futher more; what is more;moreover 4)因果关系：标志词： because; for; since; as; therefore; consequently; hence; so; a ccordingly 5)让步关系：标志词： although; though; even though; even if; nevertheless; despit e; in spite of
完形填空简介
• 在大学英语四级考试中, Cloze出现在标 准题型第四部分。 共20题, 考试时间15 分钟,分值是占总分值710分的10％ . 根 据大学英语四级考试大纲的描述，完形 填空是：“在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中 的短文(约200词)内留有20个空白，每 个空白为一题，每题有四个选择项，要 求在全面理解内容的基础上选择一个最 佳答案，使短文的意思和结构恢复完 整”。
几种解题策略
• 3． 利用上下文寻找解题信息 • 由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇， 围绕一个话题论述，因此在行文中词语的重复、 替代、复现和同现现象是不可避免的。根据这 个原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是 在上下文中复现或同现的相关词，考生可以根 据这些词之间的有机联系来确定答案。所以， 解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个 词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、 下义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可 能总是重复地阅读文章，因此，在做完形填空 时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。
完型填空的特点
• 2． 这项考试还测试考生使用词汇和语法结构 的能力。文章中留出的每一个空格要求填入一 个词。考试大纲规定：“填空的词项包括结构 词和实义词”。结构词（也称虚词，有代词、 冠词、介词、连词、关系词等）主要是表示语 法结构关系的，在选用结构词时便需要考虑在 语法上是否恰当。对实义词（名词、形容词、 数词、动词和副词）的选择既要看其意思用在 句中是否得当，也要看它与其他词的搭配关系 是否合适 .
完形题的总体规则
• 通过已有的信息去发掘未知的信息。通 过对已知信息归类、分析、最后总结出 最有关联的信息。整体的信息(文章中心， 导向，作者态度)与所有题目都有关 系。
考场建议：
• 1． 拿到题目，首先从语法和词汇角度考虑，因为语 法考察要占70%以上（其中有与词汇考察相交部分）， 每一题必然是考某一个语法点。掌握语法结构和规则， 记住短语搭配，用熟悉的短语去推断正确的答案。 2． 从语法着手不行之后，在从句意着手，透彻理解 句子的意思。 3．重视第一印象，总是第一反应，因为第一反应往 往来自于语感。 4．先易后难，容易的熟悉的题要一跳而过，难题也 不要多花时间，先猜一个答案，（以记），再在题目 前做一个记号，等到检查时，再考虑。也许在做其它 题目时，你会得到某种启示。
几种解题策略
• 5．运用排除法解题方法 • 如果不能很有把握地直接看出某一道题的答案，可以把排除法和 词汇、语法分析结合起来运用，从而缩小选择的范围，提高答题 准确率。这种情况有以下几种： • ☆ 从时态、语态、语气、名词的数等各个角度分析所填内容是 否与上下文一致，从而排除一些备选答案，缩小选择范围； • ☆ 分析空白处与前后词之间的语义关联、搭配关系，从而排除 一些选项； • ☆ 弄清楚该题的句法关系，分析一下它是简单句、并列句，还 是复合句； • ☆ 判断所填的内容在句中充当什么成分，应是什么词性，并分 析备选答案之间的异同，从而排除干扰项选出正确答案。
做完型题的流程
• 2)在读出信息的基础上开始做题，根据 已知的信息猜出未知的信息。找出跟题 目相关联的信息点。 a.整体的信息，包含文章的中心， 包含文章的整个导向和作者的态度；对 每一道题都是有关联的。 b.每道题所涉及的明确的信息点。 完型题最常用的问题结构：总分结 构。总述句常常是判断句， informative sentence。
完型填空的特点
• 5． 最后通读一遍，完成没有填的空， 再看看填的顺不顺，不顺的地方大胆修 改。
几种解题策略
• 1． 利用文章中心主题句解题方法
• 为给学生理解文章奠定基础，使学生更易于理 解文章内容，出题者在设计完形填空试题时， 总是保留一个完整的、或是大半个完整的表达 主旨的句子。大家知道，文章的开头很重要， 往往开宗明义点出文章主题。因此，整篇文章 的提示句往往在开头。考生应充分利用段首句 提供的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，寻找文章的 脉络与线索。
完型填空的特点
• 1.这项考试首先是测试考生对篇章的理解能力。 虽然所给出的文章被抽去了20个词，但是整 篇文章的内容仍是可以理解的。如果考生不能 理解文章内容，就难以将正确的词填入文中。 这也就是完型填空题与以单句形式考核词汇和 语法的实体的根本区别。由此可见，考生在作 题时必须时刻从上下文考虑，不应该只看到所 添的词在短语或句子内是否可行。因此，在作 题时最好将全文通读一下，了解了全文的意识 以后在作题。