四级英语四级英语试卷真题(四篇)
英语四级真题试卷及答案
英语四级真题试卷及答案第一部分：听力（共四节，20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分）Section A1. C2. B3. A4. C5. ASection B6. C7. A8. B9. B10. ASection C11. B12. C13. A14. CSection D16. A17. B18. A19. C20. B第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，共40分）Passage One21. D22. C23. B24. A25. DPassage Two26. C27. B28. D29. APassage Three31. D32. A33. B34. A35. CPassage Four36. D37. B38. C39. A40. D第三部分：完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分）41. B42. D43. A44. C45. B47. A48. C49. D50. B51. C52. A53. D54. B55. A56. C57. D58. B59. A60. C第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）Part I：短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）61. their - his/her62. busy - busier63. visit - visited64. spent - spend65. more - most66. in - on67. What - How68. quickly - quick69. time - times70. beautifully - beautifulPart II：写作（满分30分）范文如下：The Importance of English LearningNowadays, English has become a global language and the ability to speak English has become a necessary skill for individuals in both personal and professional aspects. In order to meet the demands of the English language, the English four-level examination is widely recognized.English learning provides numerous benefits for individuals. Firstly, it expands the horizon of an individual and allows for a greater appreciation of different cultures. With English proficiency, one can communicate with people from different countries, thus broadening their perspectives on the world. Additionally, English is the dominant language in various fields such as business, science, and technology. By mastering English, individuals canenhance their career prospects and have better opportunities for advancement.Moreover, English learning offers personal development. It improves one's critical thinking skills and enhances cognitive abilities. Through reading English literature or writing essays, individuals can develop a logical and analytical mindset, which is beneficial in various aspects of life. English also provides a means of self-expression and creativity, allowing individuals to express their thoughts and ideas effectively.To succeed in the English four-level examination, it is crucial to have a systematic approach to learning. Regular practice of listening, speaking, reading, and writing is essential. Engaging in English conversations, watching English movies, and reading English books are effective ways to improve language proficiency. It is also beneficial to participate in language exchange activities or join English-speaking clubs to practice speaking skills with native speakers.In conclusion, the English four-level examination plays a significant role in assessing English proficiency and is an important tool for individuals in their personal and professional development. English learning offers numerous advantages and should be taken seriously. With dedication and continuous practice, individuals can enhance their English skills and open doors to a wider world of opportunities.。
大学英语四级考试真题试卷及答案
大学英语四级考试真题试卷及答案第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Stay in bedB. Go for a walkC. Get exercise2. What do we learn about the speakers?A. They like the movieB. They have known each other for yearsC. They are going for a walk3. What is the woman going to do next?A. Make a planB. Talk with her friendC. Help the man4. What does the man mean?A. He wants the woman to sit downB. He prefers the woman to stand upC. He doesn't want to distract the woman5. Why is the man going to Cuba?A. For a jobB. For a holidayC. For further study第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
2023年大学英语四级真题及完整答案共两卷
2023年12月大学英语四级真题（第一套）Part I Writing (30minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to a graduate school. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1and 2 are based on the news report you have just the heard.1. A) It was going to be renovated. C) It was dangerous to live in.B) He could no longer pay the rent. D) He had sold it to the royal family.2. A) A storm. C) A forest fire.B) A strike. D) A Terrorist attack.Questions 3and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) They lost contact with the emergency department.B) They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.C) They sent calls for help via a portable radio.D) They were trapped in an underground elevator.4. A) They provided the miner with food and water.B) They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.C) They released the details of the accident.D) They tried hard to repair the accident.Question5 to7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Raise postage rates. C) Close some of its post offices.B) Improve its services. D) Redesign delivery routes.6. A) Closing offices on holidays. C) Computerizing mail sorting processes.B) Shortening business hours. D) Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.7.A）A lot of controversy will ariseB) Taxpayers will be very pleasedC) Many people will begin to complainD) Many post office staff will lose their jobsSection BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of eachconversation,you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from four choice marked A),B),C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter an Answer sheet1 with a single line though the centre.Question8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)He will lose part of his pay. C)He will be given a warning.B)He will go through retraining. D)He is go good terms with his workmates.9.A)He is an experienced press operator. C)He is always on time.B)He is trustworthy guy. D）He is go good terms with his workmates.10.A)She is a trade union representative. C)She is better at handing such matters.B)She is a senior manager of the shop. D)She is in charge of public relation.11.A)He is always trying to stir up trouble.B)He is skilled and experienced.C)He is very close to the manager.D)He is always complaining about low wages.Question12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)Open. C)Selfish.B)Reserved. D)Friendly.13.A)They read a book. C)They stay quiet.B)They talk about the weather D)They chat with fellow passengers.14.A)She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.B)She was never invited to a colleague’s home.C)She was eager to visit an English castle.D)She was always treated as a foreigner.15.A) House are much more quiet. C) They want a garden of their own.B) They want to have more space. D) Houses provide more privacy. Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A) They will automatically be given hiring priority.B) They don’t have to go through job interviews.C) They are likely to get much higher pay.D) They don’t have much choice of jobs.17.A) Visit the school careers services. C) Look at school bulletin boards.B) Ask their professors for help. D) Go through campus newspapers.18.A) Providing students with information about the library.B) Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.C) Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.D) Helping students find the books and journals they need.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) It tastes better. C) It is easier to grow.B) It may be sold at a higher price. D) It can better survive extreme weathers.20.A) It can grow in drier soil. C) It will replace green tea one day.B) It is immune to various diseases. D) It is healthier than green tea.21.A) It does not have a stable market.B) It has made tea farm ers’ life easier.C) It does not bring the promised health benefits.D) It has been well received by many tea drinkers.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) They care more about environment.B) They decorate their homes themselves.C) They prefer unique objects of high quality.D) They need decorations to show their status.23. A) They made great contributions to society.B) They could only try to create at night.C) They were proud of their creations.D) They focused on the quality of their products.24. A) Identify fake crafts. C) Design handicrafts themselves.B) Make wise choices. D) Learn the importance of creation.25. A) To attract foreign investments. C) To arouse public interest in crafts.B) To preserve the traditional culture. D) To boost the local economy.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Many men and women have long bought into the idea that there are “male” and “female” brains, believing that explains just about every difference between the sexes.A new study（26）that belief, questioning whether brains really can be distinguished by gender.In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers（27）for sex differences the entire human brain.And what did they find? Not much. Rather than offer evidence for（28）brains as “male” or “female,” research shows that brains fall into a wide range, with most people falling right in the middle.Daphna Joel, who led the study, said her research found that while there are some gender-based（29）, many different types of brain can’t always be distinguished by gender.While the “average” male and “average” female brains were（30）different, you couldn’t tell it by looking at individual brain scans. Only a small（31）of people had “all-male” or “all-female” characteristics.Larry Cahill, an American neuroscientist (神经科学家),said the study is an important addition to a growing body of research questioning（32）beliefs about gender and brain function. But he cautioned against concluding from this study that all brains are the same,（33）of gender.“There’s a mountain of evidence（34）the importance of sex influences at all levels of brain function,” he told The Seattle Times.If anything, he said, the study（35）that gender plays a very important role in the brain “even when we are not clear exactly how.”Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Can Burglars Jam Your Wireless Security System?[A]Any product that promises to protect your home deserves careful examination. So it isn’t surprising that you’ll find plenty of strong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities of popular home-security systems.[B]The most likely type of burglary (入室盗窃) by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usually involving a broken window or some forced entry. According to the FBI, crimes like these accounted roughly two-thirds of all household burglaries in the US in 2023.The wide majority of the rest were illegal, unforced entries that resulted from something like a window being left open. The odds of a criminal using technical means to bypass a security system are so small that the FBI doesn’t even track those statistics.[C]One of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether. With wired setups, the fear is that a burglar (入室盗贼) might be able to shut your system down simply bycutting the right cable. With a wireless setup, you stick battery-powered sensors up around your home that keep an eye on windows, doors, motion, and more. If they detect something wrong while the system is armed, they’ll transmit a wireless alert signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm. That approach will eliminate most cord-cutting concerns—but what about their wireless equivalent, jamming? With the right device tuned to the right frequency, what’s to stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert signal from ever reaching the base station?[D]Jamming concerns are nothing new, and they’re not unique to security systems. Any device that’s built to receive a wireless signal at a specific frequency can be overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on the same frequency. For comparison, let’s say you wanted to “jam” a conversation between two people—all you’d need to do is yell in the listener’s ear.[E] Security devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast on—that means that a potential thief can find what they need to know with minimal Googling. They will, however, need so know what system they’re looking for. If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use, that’d point them in the right direction, though at that point, we’re talking about a highly targeted, semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort forced-entry attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. It’s easier to find and acquire jamming equipment for some frequencies than it is for others.[F] Wireless security providers will often take steps to help combat the threat of jamming attacks. SimpliSafe, winner of our Editor’s Choice distinction, utilizes a special system that’s capable of separating incidental RF interference from targeted jamming attacks. Wh en the system thinks it’s being jammed, it’ll notify you via push alert(推送警报).From there, it’s up to you to sound the alarm manually.[G] SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming, complete with a video showing the entire system being effectively bypassed with handheld jamming equipment. After taking appropriate measures to contain the RF interference to our test lab, we tested the attack out for ourselves, and were able to verify that it’s possible with the right equipment. However, we also verified that SimpliSafe’santi-jamming system works. It caught us in the act, sent an alert to my smartphone, and also listed our RF interference on the system’s event log. The team behind the article and video in question make no mention of the system, or whether or not in detected them.[H]We like the unique nature of that software. It means that a thief likely wouldn’t be able to Google how the system works, then figure out a way around it. Even if they could, SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving, and that it varies slightly from system to system, which means there wouldn’t be a universal magic formula for cracking it. Other systems also seem confident on the subject of jamming. The team at Frontpoint addresses the issue in a blog on its site, citing their own jam protection software and claiming that there aren’t any documented cases ofsuccessful jam attack since the company began offering wireless security sensors in the 1980s.[I] Jamming attacks are absolutely possible. As said before, with the right equipment and the right know-how, it’s possible to jam any wireless transmission. But how probable is it that someone will successfully jam their way into your home and steal your stuff?[J] Let’s imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup that offers a functional anti-jamming system. First, a thief is going to need to target your home, specifically. Then, he’s going to need to know the technical details of your system and acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming your specific setup. Presumably, you keep your doors locked at night and while you’re away. So the thief will still need to break in. That means defeating the lock somehow, or breaking a window. He’ll need to be jamming you at this poi nt, as a broken window or opened door would normally release the alarm. So, too, would the motion detectors in your home, so the thief will need to continue jamming once he’s inside and searching for things to steal. However, he’ll need to do so without tr ipping the anti-jamming system, the details of which he almost certainly does now have access to.[K]At the end of the day, these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic smash-and-grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. They’re also only a single layer in what should ideally be a many-sidedapproach to securing your home, one that includes common sense things like sound locks and proper exterior lighting at night. No system is impenetrable, and none can promise to eliminate the worst case completely. Every one of them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoretically exploit. A good system is one that keeps that worst-case setting as improbable as possible while also offering strong protection in the event of a less-extraordinary attack.36. It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with the necessary equipmentand skill.37. Interfering with a wireless security system is similar to interfering with aconversation.38. A burglar has to continuously jam the wireless security device to avoid triggeringthe alarm, both inside and outside the house.39. SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidental radiointerference from targeted jamming attacks.40. Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means.41. It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps changing.42. Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the alarm once somethingwrong is detected.43. Diff erent measures should be taken to protect one’s home from burglary inaddition to the wireless security system.44. SimpliSafe’s device can send a warning to the house owner’s cellphone.45. Burglars can easily get a security device’s frequency by Internet search. Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As a person who writes about food and drink for a living. I couldn’t tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell you that I like this guy. That’s because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage.I hate tipping.I hate it because it’s an obligation disguised as an optio n. I hate it for thepost-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe Iwould be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggests otherwise. You actually love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a better value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough: the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this were true, we would all be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are, are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didn’t believe the job they did had any impact on the tips they received.So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more upfront for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry’s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn’t ask you to do drunken m ath.46. What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage?A) He runs a pub that serves excellent beer.B) He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.C) He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.D) He lives comfortably without getting any tips.47. What is the main reason why the author hates tipping?A) It sets a bad example for other industries.B) It adds to the burden of ordinary customers.C) It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.D) It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.48. Why do many people love tipping according to the author?A) They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine in.B) They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.C) They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry.D) They can have some say in how much their servers earn.49. What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey?A) Service quality has little effect on tip size.B) It is in human mature to try to save on tips.C) Tips make it more difficult to please customers.D) Tips benefit the boss rather that the employees.50. What does the author argue for in the passage?A) Restaurants should calculate the tips for customers.B) Customers should pay more tips to help improve service.C) Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living.D) Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down, even as oil prices sink lower and lower. Does that mean the link between lower oil prices and growth has weakened? Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the world economy. Consumers have more money in their pockets when they’re paying less at the pump. They spend that money on other things, which stimulates the economy.The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China, Japan, and India, But doesn’t the extra money in the pockets of those countries’ consumers mean an equal loss in oil producing countries, cancelling out the gains? Not necessarily, says economic researcher Sara Johnson. “Many oil producer s built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support government spending and subsidies(补助) for their consumers.”But not all oil producers have big reserves, In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall.Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. The implication is a sharp decline in global trade, which has plunged partly because oil-producing nations can’t afford to import as much as they used to.Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oil prices today is likely lower than it was in the past. One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now, so the nations suffering from the price drop account for a larger share of the global economy.Consumers, in the U.S. at least, are acting cautiously with the savings they’re getting at the gas pump, as the memory of the recent great recession is still fresh in their mind. And a number of oil-producing countries are trimming their gasolinesubsidies and raising taxes, so the net savings for global consumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.51. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A) The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices.B) Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.C) The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.D) The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending.52. Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy?A) Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost.B) Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy.C) Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change.D) Consumers will spend their saving from cheap oil on other commodities.53. What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down?A) They suspend import of necessities from overseas.B) They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.C) They use their money reserves to back up consumption.D) They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.54. How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge?A) It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.B) Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.C) It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy.D) Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws.55. Why haven’t falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before?A) People are not spending all the money they save on gas.B) The global economy is likely to undergo another recession.C) Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.D) People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices.Part IV Translation (30minutes)Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30minutes to transtate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.在中国文化中，红色一般象征着好运、长寿和幸福，在春节和其他喜庆场所，红色到处可见。
2024四级英语考试试卷
2024四级英语考试试卷Part I：Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the topic "The Importance of Cultural Heritage Protection". You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II：Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section A.Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).News Report 1.Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.A new study has found that the number of endangered species in the world is increasing at an alarming rate. The research, which was conducted by a team of international scientists, surveyed over 10,000 species across the globe. It was discovered that factors such as habitat destruction, climate change, and illegal hunting are the main reasons for this increase.1. What is the main topic of this news report?A) The success of international scientific research.B) The increase in the number of endangered species.C) The methods of conducting a global survey.D) The importance of protecting habitats.2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for the increase in endangered species?A) Habitat destruction.B) Climate change.C) Illegal hunting.D) Over - population.News Report 2.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.In a major step towards sustainable transportation, a new type of electric bus has been launched in a large city. This bus is equipped with advanced battery technology that allows it to travel longer distances without recharging. The local government hopes that this will encourage more people to use public transportation and reduce the city's carbon footprint.3. What is special about the new electric bus?A) It has a very low cost.B) It is very small in size.C) It can travel long distances without recharging.D) It is made of recycled materials.4. What is the goal of the local government in launching this new bus?A) To make more money from public transportation.B) To attract more tourists to the city.C) To encourage people to use public transportation and reduce carbon footprint.D) To show off their advanced technology.News Report 3.Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.A famous university has announced a new scholarship program for international students. The program aims to attract talented students from all over the world to study in various fields such as science, technology, and engineering. The scholarship will cover tuition fees, accommodation, and living expenses for the selected students.5. Who is the scholarship program aimed at?A) Domestic students.B) International students.C) Students in science only.D) Students in engineering only.6. Which of the following is NOT covered by the scholarship?A) Tuition fees.B) Accommodation.C) Travel expenses.D) Living expenses.7. What fields are included in this scholarship program?A) Only science.B) Only technology.C) Only engineering.D) Science, technology, and engineering.Section B.Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Conversation 1.Questions 8 to 11 will be based on the following conversation.M: Hi, Lisa. How was your weekend?W: It was great. I went to a music concert.M: Oh, really? Who was performing?W: It was a local band. They play really good rock music.M: That sounds interesting. How did you find out about this concert?W: I saw an advertisement on the Internet.8. What did Lisa do last weekend?A) She went to a movie.B) She went to a music concert.C) She stayed at home.D) She went shopping.9. Who was performing at the concert?A) A famous singer.B) A foreign band.C) A local band.D) A group of dancers.10. How did Lisa know about the concert?A) From a friend.B) From a newspaper.C) From an advertisement on the Internet.D) From the radio.11. What kind of music does the band play?A) Pop music.B) Classical music.C) Rock music.D) Jazz music.Conversation 2.Questions 12 to 15 will be based on the following conversation.M: Have you started your project yet?W: Yes, I have. But I'm having some problems with it.M: What kind of problems?W: Well, I'm not sure about the research methods. I don't know if I should use questionnaires or interviews.M: Hmm, that's a difficult choice. Questionnaires can reach a large number of people, but interviews can get more in - depth information.W: Yes, that's exactly my dilemma. And also, I'm not sure how to analyze the data once I collect it.12. What is the woman's problem?A) She hasn't started her project yet.B) She is not sure about the research methods and data analysis.C) She doesn't have enough time for the project.D) She doesn't know what her project is about.13. What are the two research methods the woman is considering?A) Surveys and experiments.B) Questionnaires and interviews.C) Observations and tests.D) Case studies and focus groups.14. What is an advantage of questionnaires according to the man?A) They can get more in - depth information.B) They are easier to analyze.C) They can reach a large number of people.D) They are more accurate.15. What else is the woman not sure about?A) How to collect data.B) How to start the project.C) How to write the report.D) How to analyze the data.Section C.Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Passage 1.Questions 16 to 18 will be based on the following passage.The Internet has changed the way we communicate and access information. It has made it possible for people all over the world to connect with each other instantly. However, it also has some negative effects. For example, the spread of false information has become a major problem. People need to be more careful when using the Internet and verify the information they receive.16. What has the Internet changed?A) Only the way we communicate.B) Only the way we access information.C) The way we communicate and access information.D) The way we live our lives completely.17. What is a negative effect of the Internet?A) It is too expensive to use.B) It takes too much time.C) The spread of false information.D) It is difficult to learn how to use.18. What should people do when using the Internet?A) Use it as much as possible.B) Ignore all the information.C) Be more careful and verify information.D) Only use it for entertainment.Passage 2.Questions 19 to 21 will be based on the following passage.Reading is an important activity that can enrich our knowledge and imagination. It can take us to different worlds and introduce us to different cultures. However, in modern society, many people are spendingless time reading. There are many reasons for this, such as the popularity of electronic devices and the fast - paced lifestyle.19. What can reading do?A) Only enrich our knowledge.B) Only enrich our imagination.C) Enrich our knowledge and imagination.D) Make us more popular.20. What is the situation of reading in modern society?A) More people are reading than before.B) People are spending less time reading.C) Reading has become more popular.D) Reading is only for students.21. Which of the following is a reason for people spending less time reading?A) Lack of good books.B) The unpopularity of electronic devices.C) The slow - paced lifestyle.D) The popularity of electronic devices and fast - paced lifestyle.Passage 3.Questions 22 to 24 will be based on the following passage.Exercise is essential for our physical and mental health. It can helpus maintain a good body shape, improve our cardiovascular function, and relieve stress. There are many different types of exercise, such as running, swimming, and cycling. People should choose the type of exercise that suits them best.22. What is exercise essential for?A) Only physical health.B) Only mental health.C) Physical and mental health.D) To look more beautiful.23. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of exercise?A) Maintaining a good body shape.B) Improving cardiovascular function.C) Causing more stress.D) Relieving stress.24. What should people do regarding exercise?A) Do the same exercise every day.B) Choose the type of exercise that suits them best.C) Only do running.D) Avoid exercise if they are busy.Part III：Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section A.Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the word bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2. You may not use any of the words in the word bank more than once.The development of modern technology has had a great impact on ourdaily lives. One of the most significant changes is in the way we communicate. With the _(25)_ of the Internet and mobile phones, we can now communicate with people all over the world instantly. This has made the world seem smaller and has brought people closer together.However, this also has some _(26)_ effects. For example, people may become too _(27)_ on electronic devices and neglect face - to - face communication. In addition, the _(28)_ of false information on the Internet has become a serious problem.Another area where technology has had a major impact is in transportation. New forms of transportation such as high - speed trains and electric cars are becoming more and more _(29)_. These new technologies are more environmentally friendly and can help reduce _(30)_ emissions.In the field of education, technology has also brought many changes. Online courses are now widely available, which allows people to study at their own _(31)_ and from anywhere in the world. However, some people worry that this may lead to a decrease in the quality of education as there may be less _(32)_ interaction between teachers and students.Overall, while modern technology has brought many benefits, we also need to be aware of its _(33)_ and take steps to address them.Word Bank:A) advent.B) addicted.C) adverse.D) availability.E) carbon.F) close.G) convenient.H) direct.I) disadvantages.J) emergence.K) environmental.L) pace.M) pollution.N) prevalent.O) spread.25. A) advent.26. C) adverse.27. B) addicted.28. O) spread.29. N) prevalent.30. E) carbon.31. L) pace.32. H) direct.33. I) disadvantages.Section B.Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Future of Work.A) The world of work is changing rapidly. Technological advancements such as artificial intelligence, robotics, and automation are transforming the way we work. These changes are not only affecting the types of jobsthat are available but also the skills that are required for success in the workplace.B) One of the most significant changes is the increasing automation of routine tasks. Machines are now able to perform many jobs that were previously done by humans, such as data entry, manufacturing, and customerservice. This has led to concerns about job losses, especially inindustries that rely heavily on manual labor.C) However, while some jobs may be disappearing, new jobs are alsobeing created. For example, the development of artificial intelligence has led to the emergence of new fields such as machine learning and data analytics. These fields require highly skilled workers who can develop, manage, and interpret complex algorithms.D) Another trend in the future of work is the increasing importance of soft skills. Soft skills such as communication, teamwork, and problem - solving are becoming more and more essential in the workplace. This is because as machines take over routine tasks, humans will need to focus on tasks that require human interaction and creativity.E) The rise of the gig economy is also changing the nature of work. In the gig economy, people work on a freelance or contract basis, oftenthrough online platforms. This gives workers more flexibility and control over their work, but it also means that they may not have the same job security or benefits as traditional employees.F) Technology is also enabling more remote work. With the developmentof high - speed Internet and communication tools, more and more people are able to work from home or other locations outside of the traditional office. This can improve work - life balance for employees and also reduce costsfor employers.G) However, remote work also has its challenges. For example, it can be difficult to maintain team cohesion and communication when employees arenot physically in the same location. Employers need to find ways to overcome these challenges, such as through the use of video conferencingand project management tools.H) In order to succeed in the future of work, individuals need to be adaptable and continuously learn new skills. Lifelong learning will be essential as the skills required for work are constantly evolving. Educational institutions and employers also need to play a role in providing training and development opportunities for workers.I) The future of work is likely to be more globalized. With the increasing ease of communication and transportation, companies are more likely to hire workers from all over the world. This means that individuals will need to be able to work effectively in a multicultural environment.J) Overall, the future of work is full of opportunities and challenges. While technological advancements are changing the nature of work, they also offer the potential for new jobs, greater flexibility, and improved productivity.34. Machines are taking over many jobs that were previously done by humans. B.35. New fields like machine learning and data analytics are emerging due to artificial intelligence. C.36. Soft skills are becoming more important as machines do routine tasks. D.37. The gig economy gives workers more flexibility but less job security. E.38. Remote work can improve work - life balance but has challenges in communication. F.39. Lifelong learning is necessary for individuals to succeed in the future of work. H.40. Companies are more likely to hire globally in the future. I.41. The future of work has both opportunities and challenges. J.42. Automation is not only affecting job types but also required skills.A.43. Employers need to use tools to overcome remote work challenges. G.Section C.Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Passage 1.The concept of "green jobs" has become increasingly popular in recent years. Green jobs are those that contribute to environmental protection and sustainable development. These jobs can be found in a variety of sectors, such as renewable energy, energy efficiency, waste management, and sustainable agriculture.One of the main drivers of the growth of green jobs is the increasing concern about climate change. As countries around the world strive toreduce their carbon emissions, they are investing in renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydro power. This has led to the creationof many jobs in the renewable energy sector, from research and developmentto installation and maintenance.In addition to renewable energy, energy efficiency is also an important area for green jobs. Improving the energy efficiency of buildings, for example, can reduce energy consumption and costs. Jobs in this area includeenergy auditors, who assess the energy use of buildings and recommend improvements, and insulation installers, who install energy - saving materials in buildings.Waste management is another sector with significant potential for green jobs. Recycling and composting are two important waste management methods that can reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills. Jobs in waste management include waste collectors, recyclers, and composting operators.Sustainable agriculture is also an emerging area for green jobs. Organic farming, for example, uses natural fertilizers and pesticides, which are better for the environment. Jobs in sustainable agriculture include farmers, agricultural technicians, and food processors who work with organic products.44. What are green jobs?A) Jobs that are only related to renewable energy.。
英语四级真题作文及范文(必备18篇)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Learning is a daily experience and a lifetime mission.” You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of lifelong learning. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.It is widely accepted that to live and learn is a creed of many centuries. Even in contemporary society, life -long learning still carries great importance to personal happiness.Example：As a famous saying goes， “Never go out there to see what happens， go out there to make something happen。
” Simple as the saying is， its meaning is profound and thought-provoking， which is meant to tell us that we are supposed to be creative instead of acting as the onlooker。
Conspicuous are the impacts of being creative and I would like to explore the following aspects。
四级真题试卷历年真题及答案
2022年6月大学英语四级真题1(总分：13.97，做题时间：130分钟)写作1.rections: Suppose you are writing a proposal to your school library for improving its services. You are to write about its current problems and possible solutions to these problems. You will have 30 mimutes to write the proposal. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.__________（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Dear Sir or Madam, I hope you are doing great! I am Li Ming, one of the sophomore students in our university. Following my recent experience of using our school library, I have decided to send you some feedback. In the first place, the librarians there are not very friendly and helpful as they often fail to tell us where to find the book we want, and moreover get impatient easily. What´ s more, the books available in the library are too old to catch upwith the latest development of related disciplines. Finally, the reading rooms are not bright enough as some of the lights have gone dark. All these have brought great inconvenience to us students, which leaves me with no choice but to write you this letter.From my perspective, it would be wise for you to offer all the librarians a training course to familiarize them with the layout of the library and the classifications of the books. If possible, sincerely hope that you consider the possibility of renewing some of the books and maintaining the facilities properly. Thank you for your time and consideration. Look forward to your favorable reply.Warm regards,Li Ming)解析：翻译2.从前有个人养了一群羊。
2022年9月英语四级真题及参考答案(完整版)
2022年9月英语四级真题及参考答案英语四级试卷采用多题多卷形式，大家核对答案时,找出具体选项，忽略套数.搜集整理了各个版本，仅供大家参考.【听力】听力原文 NEWS 1White meat such as chicken may raise blood cholesterol levels as much as red meat does. This finding surprised researchers who admitted they didn't expect that eating white meat would lead to higher blood cholesterol levels. In the study, researchers looked at 113 healthy people. The participant in three different diets. These were a red meat diet which is primarily beef, a white meat diet which is mostly chicken and turkey, and a vegetarian protein diet. Each diet period was four weeks. Between the diet periods, participants had a break during which they ate their regular foods. In addition, participants had blood tests at the start and finish of each new diet. The results showed that white and red meat diets had the same effects on blood cholesterol levels. Further, both diets increased blood cholesterol levels compared to the diet built on vegetarian protein sources. The team acknowledged that it is possible that white meat is better for our health than red meat,despite their findings. This is because other effects of red meat consumption could contribute to heart disease, independent of cholesterol. Their main recommendations are that people eat less of both kinds of meat. And more vegetarian protein.Q1: What do we learn from the news report about the study?Q2: What did the researchers acknowledge?NEWS 2At around half past nine this morning, a trailer attached to a lorry turned over at the crossing of high street in Milton. Hundreds of frozen turkeys were spilled all over the road. It is reported that nobody was hurt in the incident, but police said it may affect traffic and Christmas dinners. With just one week to go before Christmas, there are worries that local supermarket supplies of this holiday favorite may be affected. A police spokeswoman said that officers were currently in attendance at the scene. She stated that the driver of the lorry had been arrested on suspicion of dangerous driving. The crossing on high street is a well-known accident black spot. This year alone, there have been seven traffic accidents at this location.Thankfully, none of these accidents have resulted in serious injury.Q3: What does the news report say about the accident at the crossing of high street and Milton ?Q4: What do we learn about the crossing on high street?NEWS 3India launched its helicopter taxi service on Monday promising to ferry customers, the 40 miles between Bangalore's electronic city tech hub and the international airport terminal in 15 minutes.Customers can book their helicopter ride through a mobile app.The service, which claims to be the first of its kind in India offers only one room. But Bangalore airport will add more once it gets approval.Helicopter taxi is not an affordable option for many travelers. A car ride for the same journey costs less than half as much. But Bangalore airport says it is a competitive alternative to a car ride for tech executives in a hurry.A large number of high class travelers, including CEOs have to spend more than three hours by road to get there.And that is a loss of time.A Bangalore airport spokesperson said this is not a low cost option, but it is an option. She added.The helicopters ferried around 8 customers to the airport on their first day. The company that owns and operates the service is called Loinbo Thumby aviation. It previously specialized in private charter flights for government officials.Q5: What is Bangalore airport trying to do about the helicopter taxi service?Q6: What do we learn from the news about the helicopter taxi ride?Q7: Who are the targeted customers of the helicopter taxi service?COVERSATION 1W:Hi, I wish to buy some cheese for a barbecue this weekend.M:What kind would you like?W:Sorry, I don't know much about cheese. What type do you think would besuitable for a barbecue?M: That's easy. For a barbecue,you could have any cheese you want. I imagine there will be different foods and people will just help themselves and eat at their own pace, right?W:Yes, exactly. It will be very casual. We will just be a small group of friends gathering together at Washington park. There will be around 20 of us, including children.M:Great，so you could have different types of cheese. How much would you liketo spend?W:Not very much. Let's say $30.M:I would suggest having at least one soft cheese and one hard cheese，that will offer you a good variety to suit different people's tastes.W:That sounds good. What's the difference between a soft cheese and a hard cheese?M:Well, but generally speaking, soft cheeses are creamy and go well with sweet things like honey and jam. I would suggest something like this Spanish goat cheese,it's only $15,a very good price. You can spread it on bread with a knife and then add a tiny bit of honey on top. It's delicious. Children love it.W: Okay, great. What about a hard cheese?M:Yes,for hard cheese, I would recommend this Italian one here. It has a very strong smell and a dry flavor. You can cut it into thin slices and eat it on itsown.It's $16.W:Okay, I'll take both. Thank you for your help.Q8: What does the woman plan to do for the weekend?Q9: What does the man suggest the woman do?Q10: What does the man say about Spanish goat cheese question ?Q11: What is the woman going to do at the end of the conversation?COVERSATION 2M: Our school is replacing printed textbooks with E textbooks next semester.I can't wait.W: Really? What about the cost? Not only buying all those tablets, but the software, and electronic infrastructure that goes with it, not to mention retraining all the teachers and administration staff.M: Sure. The initial expenditure will be high But much lower afterwards. Besides that tablet prices continue to drop and are becoming increasingly affordable. Anyway, tablets help students learn up to 80% faster.W: Not necessarily tablets have too many distractions. Students may pay attention to apps, games, and websites instead of their teachers. In fact, Research suggests that people who read printed text comprehend more, remember moreand learn 30% more than those who read digital text.M: Yes, but tablets contain many technological features that are not found inprinted textbooks. Think about it. Students are able to highlight and edit text, write notes and search for information much more quickly than they can with printed textbooks. And what about all those trees that are cut down to make printed books?W: Actually manufacturing tablets is environmentally destructive and dangerousto human health. The health impacts from making one electronic reader are 70 times greater than those from making a single printed book. A lot of minerals are extracted from the earth to make electronic reader.It does far more damage to the environment?M: Yes, but the software for electronic readers can be updated instantly without the need for buying a whole lot of new books.that's better for the environment, W: But the core curriculum doesn't change that much printed textbooks that are not brand new, still contain the basic relevant information of core subjects. M: Well, I'm looking forward to the change.I'll stick with my printed books.Q12: What does the woman say about using E textbooks?Q13: According to the man. How can the use of tablets benefit students?Q14: What does the woman say about students using tablets?Q15: What does the woman say about making electronic readers?PASSAGE 1In social psychology, the term “person perception” refers to the mental processes that we use to form impressions of other people.It includes not just how we form these impressions,but the conclusions we make about other people based our impressions.Consider how often you make this kind of judgment every day.When you meet with a new coworker, you immediately begin to develop an initial impression of this person. When you visit the grocery store, you might draw conclusions about the cashier who checks you out.Obviously, person perception is a very subjective process that can be affected by a number of variables, including the characteristics of the person you are observing, the context of your situation, your own personal traits and your past experiences. One of the techniques we use in person perception is social categorization. In this process, we mentally categorize people into different groups based on common characteristics.Problems with this technique include the fact that it can lead to errors and prejudice.Imagine that you are getting on a bus. There are only two seats available. One is next to a small elderly woman. The other is next to a muscular, fierce looking man. You sit next to the elderly woman who unfortunately turns out to be quite skilled at picking pockets.Because of social categorization, you immediately judge the woman as harmless, andthe man as threatening,leading to the loss of your wallet.Q16: What does the passage say we tend to do every day?Q17: What do we learn about person perception from this passage?Q18: What is the problem with using social categorization in person perception?PASSAGE 2Young people today are as socially competent as those from the previous generation. At least this is what a new study suggests.For the study,researchers compared teacher and parent evaluations of American children who started kindergarten in 1998, with those who began school in 2010. The former group entered kindergarten when mobile phones were luxuries . The latter groupstarted school when mobile devices were widespread.Results showed both groups of children were rated similarly on important social skills. These includedthe ability to form and maintain friendships and get along with people who were different. They were also rated similarly on self-control such as the ability to regulate their temper. In virtually,every comparison made ratings of social skills either remaining constant or improved for the children born later. There was one exception. Social skills were slightly lower for children who accessed online games and social networking sites many times a day. Adults are worried when technological change starts to undermine traditional relationships, particularly the parent-child relationship. The introduction of telephones,automobiles andradios all led to moral panic among adults of the time because the technology allowed children to enjoy more freedom Fears over screen based technology represent the most recent panic in response to technological change. But overall,the study found little evidence at time spent on screens was hurting social skills for most children.Q19: What does the new study suggest about young people today and those fromthe previous generation ?Q20: What did the study find about children who accessed social networking sites many times a day?Q21: What does adults worry about technological change?PASSAGE 3You can find incredible videos, articles, and those stories about the success of others. The problem is that consuming the success and ideas of others is passive inspiration. Every time you read an article or listen to an interview, you are practicing passive inspiration. You might learn something, but you don't actually have to do anything. Hearing about other people's success isn't the same as creating your own success.Instead, it is through the process of active inspiration-the act of creating things, applying new ideas to our goals and making mistakes-that we discover who we are and what is important to us. Furthermore, active inspiration is what results in longterm passion and enthusiasm. Watching someone else's success might leave you feeling excited for a few minutes.However, taking action and applying a new idea to your life will inspire you more than anything someone else could say. Learning and listening can help you thinkabout things in a different way, but creating, producing, and experimenting is what drives you forward. Passive inspiration can give you ideas, but active inspiration will give you power.Too often we spend our lives consuming the world around us instead of creating it. And what matters is the power your actions have to inspire you. The best inspiration comes from the application of ideas, not the consumption of them.Q22:What does the speaker say about inspiration from consuming others' ideas and success stories?Q23 :What do we learn from the passage about active inspiration ?Q24:What does the passage say passive inspiration can do?Q25: Where does the best inspiration come from According to the passage?听力题 Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end ofeach news report,youwill hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A).B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)It examines the effect of cholesterol on people's health.B)Its participants all had high blood cholesterol levels.C)It questions the benefits of a vegetarian protein diet.D)Its finding came as a surprise to the researchers.2.A)They do not know all the effects of eating meat.B)Red meat itself does not cause heart diseases.C)White meat may be healthier than red meat.D)Vegetarian protein may be easier to absorb.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)It may have been due to the lorry driver's drunk driving.B)It may affect the local supply of turkeys for Christmas.C)It interrupted traffic for several hours running.D)It was caused by a lorry running into a trailer. 4.A)It has been the scene of several fatal accidents recently.B)It is the spot that causes the local police a lot of worry.C)It has witnessed several traffic accidents this year.D)It is a location frequented by local traffic police.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)Get approval to add more routes.C)Advertise it through a mobile app.B)Attract more international tourists.D)Make it affordable to common folk.6.A)It costs more than twice as much as a car ride.B)It is gaining popularity among ordinary Indians.C)It symbolizes India's advancement in high-tech.D)It can get anywhere in the city within 15 minutes.7.A)International tourists.C)Prominent superstars.B)High-class travelers.D)Customers in a hurry.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each comver.sation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A).B).C)and D).Then mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)Treat her friends in a bar.C)Make some cheese.Jon ob vor(AB)Take a trip to Washington.D)Throw a party9.A)Spend no more than 30 dollarsC)Help him prepare the barbecue.B)Buy different kinds of cheese.D)Find out different people's tastes.10.A)It is the best kind of hard cheese.C)It is more delicious than honey.B)It is the most popular in Spain.D)It is a good choice for children.11.A)Buy what the man recommended.B)Have a taste of both of the cheeses.C)Choose one of the two types of cheese.D)Ask the man to cut the cheese into slices.og trool'o Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)New teachers and staff have to be recruited.B)It might take some time for students to adapt.C)It involves buying lots of tablets and software.D)The software has to be constantly upgraded.13.A)It can greatly improve their learning efficiency.B)It can help them to interact more with teachers.C)It can save their trouble of carrying printed books.D)It can develop their skills in using electronic devices.14.A)They may have trouble comprehending texts.B)They may encounter technological problems.C)They may pay less respect to teachers.D)They may get distracted more easily.15.A)It generates a great deal of electronic garbage.B)It does a lot of damage to the environment.C)It emits huge amounts of harmful radiation.D)It accelerates the exhaustion of rare minerals.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you willhear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)Communicate with our coworkers.B)Encounter people in different places.C)Judge people based on our first impressions.D)Engage in a variety of psychological activities.17.A)It is an objective evaluation of a person's character.B)It is a mental process influenced by many factors.C)It contributes to the formation of personal traits.D)It varies greatly among different social groups.18.A)It can lead to incorrect judgments.C)It can result in instant losses.B)It can cause mistrust among people.D)It can give rise to gender biasQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)-Both groups spend a lot of time on mobile devices.B)Both groups attach importance to social connections.C)They are equally competent in using new technology.D)They are similar in terms of social skills20.A)Their social skills were negatively affected. B)Their school performance was slightly lower.C)Their emotions were much harder to regulate.D)Their relations with peers were badly strained.21.A)It may pose a threat to their children's safety.B)It may affect society's traditional values.C)It may hurt their relations with children.D)It may change their children's ethical values.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)It is motivatingC)It is incredibleB)It is passive.D)It is impracticable.23.A)It results in short-term excitement.B)It helps us avoid making mistakes.C)It breeds long-term passion and enthusiasm.D)It is bound to help us achieve greater success.24.A)Drive us forward.C)Spur us to action.B)Bring us power.D)Give us ideas.25.A)Listening to success storiesC)Following the advice of experts. B)Applying ideas to one's life.D)Consuming the world around us.听力答案1.D)Its finding came as a surprise to the researchers.2.C)White meat may be healthier than red meat.3.B)It may affect the local supply of turkeys for Christmas.4.C)It has witnessed several traffic accidents thisyears.5.A)Get approval to add more route.6.A)It costs more than twice as much as a car ride.7.B)High-class travelers.8.D)Throw a party.9.B)Buy different kinds of cheese10.D)It is a good choice for children.11.A)Buy what the man recommended.12.C)It involves buying lots of tablets and software.13.A)It can greatly improve their learning efficiency.14.D)They may get distracted more easily.15.B)It does a lot of damage to the environment.16.C)Judge people based on our firs timpresssions.17.B)It is a mental process influenced by many factors. 18.A)It can lead to incorrect judgements.19.D)They are similar in terms of social skills.20.A)Their social skills were negatively affected.21.C)It may hurt their relations with children.22.B)It is passive.23.C)It breeds long-term passion and enthusiasm.24.D)Give us ideas.25.B)Applying ideas to one's life.【阅读】Part III Reading Comprehension (40minutes)选词填空Section ADirections: In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter foreach item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You maynot use any of the.words in the bank more than once.Public perception of success in the U.S. might be totally misguided. While 92% of people believe others care most about fame and 26 , fewer thanl0% factor those qualities into their own success. This is according to the newly 27 study by Harvard Graduate School of Education professor Todd Smith. Smith says he was 28 by how past studies on success “assumed whatpeople will care about".In this study, his team "went the 29 direction" by spending years carrying out individual interviews and group surveys to seewhat peoplereallytalkaboutwhentheytalkaboutsuccess.As a scientist, Smith 30 studied individuality for a living, and even he was surprised to find younger respondents cared more about having a 31 inlife.Those between the ages of 18 and 34 prioritized it most, and that prioritizationdropped off as respondent’s ages went up. Perhaps this is because older people had fewer options when they were starting their careers , at a time when values focused more on stable incomes than 32 personal missions.Other trends included an emphasis on the importance of parenting. Being a parent 33 very high across the priorities of all studyparticipants. Ultimately,Smith hopes institutions will take note of these insights 34 .Higher education institutions tend to focus on preparing students for high-paying jobs. For such institutions, from universities to workplaces, to better 35 people in the U.S., they’ll need to understand“what the American public highly prioritizes,”Smith says.I.oppositA.accommodateB.accordinglyJ.professionC.acquiringK.purposeD.bothered L.rankedE.fortune M.releasedF.fulfilling N.similarlyG.identify O.wrongH.literally选词填空答案:26-30: E) fortune; M) released; D) bothered; I) opposit; H) literally31-35: K) purpose F) fulfill; L) ranked; B) accordingly; A) accommodate26. While 92% of people believe others care most about fame and E) fortune27. This is according to the newly M) released28. Smith says he was D) bothered by how past studies on success29. In this study, his team "went the I) opposite direction"30. As a scientist, Smith H) literally studied individuality for a living31. he was surprised to find younger respondents cared more about having a K) purpose in life32. when values focused more on stable incomes than F) fulfilling personal missions33. Being a parent L) ranked very high across the priorities of all study participants34. Smith hopes institutions will take note of these insights B) accordingly35. to better A) accommodate people in the U.S段落匹配Section BDirections: In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with aletter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. How a rabbit study and an ex-student boost my hopes fora future of 'love and dignity'[A] At whatever grade level teachers find themselves,from kindergarten to the final class at medical or law school,few moments stir the emotions as deeply as when former students reappear years and often decades later with an update on where their journey has taken them and what resiliencies (韧性) have been the pavement on which they've traveled.[B] So it was when a recent letter came from Kelli Harding,a student 21 years ago inmy Peace Studies summer course in Washington.The weekly tuition-free class,ina roomy space that Ralph Nader and his Public Citizen nonprofit groupprovided,was discussion-based and required no useless homework or exams.Just come in and figure out how to increase peace and decrease violence.And do it today,tomorrow is too late.The course attracted mostly congressional interns (实习生)，with a few exceptions like Kelli who was in Washington as an AmeriCorps volunteer.[C] Her year-long service included comforting AIDs patients at a free health clinic and delivering meals to the homebound.It was a world apart from her undergraduate days at the University of Califoria-Berkeley majoring in political science.The Washington experience,which Kelli would later call "transformative,"was the fuel that carried her into medicine to earn a master'sdegree in public health from Columbia University and a medical degree from theUniversity of Rochester,and almost two decades of practice as an emergency- room psychiatrist (精神科医生) at New York-Presbyterian Hospital and a clinical professor of psychiatry at Columbia University Irving Medical Center.[D] Kelli's letter,a literate update on both her personal and professionallife,touched my hear, and especially so when saying that two decades later she still has the course text,"Solutions to Violence,"and that "it remains one of my favorite possessions."She lives in Lower Manhattan with her husband,Padraic,whom shemet on a flight to London,and their three boys.[E] If Kelli stands out,it's because she is also a gifted st month,Atria Bookspublished her book The Rabbit Effect:Live Longer.Happier,and Healthier with the Groundbreaking Science of Kindness.[F] With a blending of free-flowing confessional prose and scholarly research found in 461 notes, Kelli met my expectations that her ideas and ideals would be sound and singular."Despite our scientific progress,"she writes,"Americans are remarkably unhealthy.In 2016,the United States ranked forty-third in the world for life expectancy....It is also by far the world's most expensive place to get sick."[G] Enter the rabbits-not those running around in our woodlands but ones serving in two month-long medical experiments to test the effects of eating a high-fat dietand the connections between cholesterol and heart disease.With similar diets,the expectations were that all the rabbits would have similar cloggings of their arteries (动脉堵塞).Yet one group had 60%fewer of them.[H] The reason?Instead of receiving the standard care given to lab animals,the 60%group was watched over by a newcomer to the lab who,Kelli writes,"handledthe animals differently. When she fed her rabbits she talked to them and petted them.She didn't just pass out food, she gave them love....The studies indicate something is missing in the traditional biomedical model.It wasn't diet or genetics that made a difference in which rabbits got sick and which stayed healthy.It was kindness."[I] Amid the political noise about Obamacare,Medicare,Medicaid,health insurance and thieving pharmaceutical (医药 )companies,Kelli Harding stands apart fromthe crowd calling for quick fixes,the simpler the better.She has walked too many miles in the halls of hospitals visiting too many far-gone patients and seeing too many medical mistakes to go along with conventional thinking.[J] "The rabbit effect,"she explains,means that "when it comes to our health,we've been missing some crucial pieces: hidden factors behind what really makes us healthy. Factors like love,friendship,and dignity. The designs of our neighborhoods,s chools, and workplaces. There's a social dimension to health that we've completely overlooked in our efforts to find the best and most cutting-edge。
2024年6月大学英语四级考试真题第四套
2024年6月大学英语四级考试真题第四套全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hello everyone! Today I wanna share with you guys about the latest College English Test (CET) Level 4 exam that was held in June 2024. As a fourth grader, I am super excited to talk about the questions and how I feel about them.So the first part of the exam was the listening section, where we had to listen to different conversations and answer questions about them. There was a conversation about a student asking for help in finding a library book, and another about a person booking a hotel room. It was kinda hard to catch all the details, but I tried my best to concentrate and answer the questions.The second part was the reading section, where we had to read various passages and answer questions based on them. There was a passage about the benefits of learning a second language, and another about the history of chocolate. I really enjoyed reading these passages because I love learning new things.Finally, there was the writing section where we had to write an essay on a given topic. The topic was about the importance of outdoor activities for children's development. I wrote about how playing outside helps kids stay active and socialize with others. I also mentioned how it can improve their physical and mental health.Overall, I think the exam was challenging but fun. I learned a lot of new words and phrases, and I feel more confident in my English skills now. I can't wait to see how I did on the exam! Thanks for listening to my review of the CET Level 4 exam, and I hope you all do great on your exams too! Keep studying hard and never give up!篇2Oh gosh, I can't believe I'm already in college and taking the English CET-4 exam in June 2024! It feels like just yesterday I was in elementary school learning my ABCs. But hey, time flies when you're having fun, right?So, the exam was pretty tough, but I think I did okay. The reading section had a really interesting passage about climate change and how we can all do our part to help the environment. It made me realize how important it is to take care of our planet.The listening section was a bit tricky, but I tried my best to focus and understand what the people were saying. Some of them had really strong accents, so I had to really concentrate.And don't even get me started on the writing section! I had to write an essay about my favorite book and why I love it so much. I chose "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" because it's been my all-time favorite since I was a little kid. There's just something magical about the world J.K. Rowling created.Overall, the exam was a challenge, but I'm proud of myself for making it through. I know I still have a lot to learn, but I'm excited to see where my English skills will take me in the future. Who knows, maybe I'll even be writing my own bestselling novel someday!篇3Title: My Experience of Taking the 2024 June College English Test Band FourHi friends! Today I want to tell you about my experience of taking the 2024 June College English Test Band Four. It was super hard, but I survived and even did pretty well!First of all, the listening part was so tough! The voices on the recording were really fast, and sometimes I couldn't catch what they were saying. But I tried my best to focus and make educated guesses. I hope I got at least half of them right!Then came the reading part. Oh my goodness, there were so many long passages to read and questions to answer! Some of the words were super hard, but I remembered to use context clues to figure out their meanings. Thank goodness for that tip my teacher gave me!Next was the writing part. I had to write an essay about why I love learning English. Well, that was easy for me because I really do love learning English! I talked about how it helps me communicate with people from all around the world and how it opens up so many opportunities for me in the future.Finally, the speaking part was nerve-wracking! I had to talk about a random topic for two whole minutes. I chose to talk about my favorite hobby, drawing. I just kept talking and talking, hoping I was saying the right things. I might have rambled a bit, but at least I didn't freeze up!Overall, I think I did pretty well on the test. I won't know my score for a while, but I'm proud of myself for giving it my bestshot. And you know what? I actually had fun challenging myself and seeing how much I've learned in my English classes.So, friends, if you have to take the College English Test Band Four someday, don't be scared! Just study hard, stay focused, and believe in yourself. You can do it! Good luck!篇4Hello everyone! Today I'm going to tell you about the English exam I took in June 2024. It was the fourth set of questions for the College English Test Band Four, which is a big deal for us university students.The exam had four parts: listening, reading, writing, and translation. The listening part was super tricky because the speakers talked really fast, and they had different accents too. I had to really focus to catch all the details.The reading part was not too bad, but there were some really tough vocabulary words that I had never seen before. I had to guess the meanings from the context of the sentence sometimes.The writing part was my favorite because I got to express my own ideas. I wrote about my dream job and why I wanted topursue it. I also had to write a short essay on a current social issue, which was a bit challenging.The translation part was the hardest for me. I had to translate English sentences into Chinese and vice versa. There were some idioms and expressions that were really difficult to translate accurately.Overall, the exam was tough but I tried my best. I hope I did well and will pass the test this time. English is such an important subject, and I know it will benefit me in the future.That's all for now. Wish me luck! Thanks for listening. Bye!篇5Hey guys, guess what? I just took the English CET-4 exam in June 2024! It was super challenging but also super fun. Let me tell you all about it!The first part of the exam was the listening section. The questions were a bit tricky, but I tried my best to focus and understand the conversations and lectures. I even practiced my listening skills by watching English movies and TV shows. It really helped!Next up was the reading section. We had to read a bunch of passages and answer questions about them. Some of the passages were about history, science, and even literature. I made sure to read carefully and underline any important information. It was tough, but I managed to answer most of the questions.After the reading section, we had the writing part. This was my favorite part of the exam because I love writing stories and essays. I was given a topic and had to write an essay about it. I wrote about my dream job and why I want to pursue it. I made sure to use good grammar and vocabulary to impress the examiners.Lastly, we had the speaking section. I was a bit nervous at first, but then I remembered to speak clearly and confidently. I talked about my favorite hobbies and activities, like playing soccer and painting. It was fun to share my interests with the examiners.Overall, the CET-4 exam was a great experience. I prepared for it by studying hard and practicing my English skills every day.I can't wait to see my results and continue improving my English in the future. Who knows, maybe one day I'll even take the CET-6 exam! See you next time, guys!篇6Title: My Experience Taking the 2024 June College English Test (CET-4)Hey guys! Guess what? I just took the College English Test (CET-4) in June 2024 and I want to share my experience with all of you! It was a super challenging test, but I think I did pretty well. Let me tell you all about it!First of all, the listening section was so hard! There were all these different accents from around the world and I could barely understand what they were saying. But I tried my best to focus and answer all the questions. I hope I got most of them right.Next, the reading section was crazy long! There were like a million passages to read and I had to answer questions about each one. But luckily, I had practiced a lot before the test so I was able to finish on time. Phew!The writing section was probably the easiest part for me. I had to write an essay about my favorite book and why I loved it. I chose Harry Potter, of course! I wrote about all the cool characters and adventures in the books. It was so fun to write about something I love.Finally, the grammar section was a bit tricky. There were all these grammar rules to remember and I was a little nervous about getting them all right. But I did my best and I think I did okay.Overall, I think I did a pretty good job on the test. I won't know my score for a while, but I'm feeling confident. I'm so glad I studied hard and practiced a lot before the test. It really paid off!I hope you guys found my experience helpful if you're planning to take the CET-4 in the future. Just remember to stay calm, focus, and do your best. Good luck to all of you!篇7Title: My Experience with the 2024 June College English Test Band FourHey guys, do you know what? I just took the College English Test Band Four in June 2024 and oh boy, it was so challenging yet exciting at the same time! Let me tell you all about my experience with the test.First of all, the listening section was not that bad. They played some recordings and asked questions about them. I had to really concentrate to make sure I caught all the details. Someof the conversations were quite fast, but I managed to keep up with most of them. When they asked questions, I had to choose the best answer out of the choices given. Sometimes it was tricky because two choices seemed right, but I had to choose the one that best fit the information provided in the recording.Next up was the reading section, and let me tell you, it was a tough one! There were a lot of passages to read, and some of them were really long. I had to quickly scan the text to find the answers to the questions. Some of the questions asked about specific details, while others required me to understand the main idea of the passage. I had to be careful not to get confused by the tricky wording in some of the questions.After the reading section came the writing section. This was probably the most challenging part for me. I had to write an essay on a given topic, and I had to organize my thoughts and ideas in a clear and logical way. I had to make sure to include all the necessary information and to support my points with examples and evidence. It was tough to keep track of time and to finish writing before the time ran out.Finally, there was the speaking section. I had to answer questions and talk about various topics. I had to speak clearly and fluently, and I had to make sure to express my ideascoherently. It was a bit nerve-wracking to speak in front of the examiner, but I did my best to stay calm and confident.Overall, the 2024 June College English Test Band Four was a tough but rewarding experience. I learned a lot from taking the test, and I feel like I have improved my English skills. I can't wait to see how I did on the test, and I hope all my hard work pays off!So, if any of you are thinking about taking the College English Test Band Four, go for it! It's a great opportunity to challenge yourself and to improve your English skills. Good luck to all of you future test-takers!篇8Hello everyone! Today I'm gonna tell you about the English exam that I just took in June 2024. It was the fourth set of the University English Test (CET-4) and let me tell you, it was tough!The exam had four parts: listening, reading, writing, and speaking. The listening part was super tricky because the speakers talked really fast and I had to write down the answers at the same time. But I think I did okay on that part.The reading part was not too bad. There were some passages about history, science, and literature. I had to answerquestions about the main idea of the passages and some specific details. I think I did pretty well on this part.The writing part was my favorite because I love writing stories. I had to write an essay about my favorite book and why I like it. I chose "Harry Potter" because it's my all-time favorite! I talked about the characters, the plot, and how the book has inspired me.The speaking part was a bit nerve-wracking because I had to talk to the examiners face-to-face! They asked me questions about my hobbies, my family, and my future plans. I tried my best to answer confidently and fluently.Overall, I think I did my best on the exam. I studied hard and prepared as much as I could. I hope I pass this time and move on to the next level of English learning. Wish me luck! Thank you for reading my little story about the CET-4 exam in June 2024.Bye-bye!篇9Hey guys, guess what? I just took the fourth set of the College English Test (CET) in June 2024 and I am so excited to tell you all about it!First of all, the listening part was super tricky this time. There were a lot of fast-paced conversations and I had to really focus to catch all the details. But I think I did pretty well overall.Next up was the reading section, and let me tell you, those passages were tough! I had to read really carefully to understand the main ideas and details. But hey, that's what studying is all about, right?The writing section was probably my favorite part of the test.I had to write an essay about the importance of teamwork in today's world. I talked about how working together can help us achieve our goals faster and better. I even gave some examples from my own experiences to make my essay more interesting.Finally, the speaking part was a bit nerve-wracking, but I managed to get through it. I had to talk about my favorite movie and explain why I liked it so much. I talked about how the characters were relatable and the plot was engaging. I even practiced speaking in front of the mirror beforehand, so I felt more confident.Overall, I think I did pretty well on the fourth set of the CET. It was definitely challenging, but I pushed through and did my best.I can't wait to see my scores and celebrate with my friends. Yay, CET!篇10Hey guys, today I wanna talk about the English CET-4 exam in June 2024! It was super exciting and I can’t wait to tell you all about it.Firstly, the listening part was kinda tricky this time. There were lots of fast-paced conversations and I had to really concentrate to catch all the details. But I think I did pretty well because I’ve been practicing a lot with listening exercises online.Next up was the reading section. There were some long passages about history and science, which were a bit tough for me. But I didn’t panic and just tried my best to understand the main ideas. I also used my reading strategies like underlining key words and phrases to help me answer the questions.The writing part was my favorite! I got to choose between writing an essay or a letter, and I went with the essay option. I wrote about the importance of learning a second language and how it can benefit us in our future careers. I used examples from my own life to support my ideas and I think it turned out really well.Lastly, the speaking test was nerve-wracking but fun. I had to talk about a given topic for 2 minutes, and then have a discussion with the examiner. I was a bit nervous at first, but I just pretended I was talking to my friends and it helped me relax.Overall, I think I did a great job on the exam and I’m feeling pretty confident about my results. I can’t wait to get my scores and see how I did. And now I’m gonna start preparing for the next level, the CET-6! Bring it on, English exams!。
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四级英语四级英语试卷真题(四篇)最新四级英语(推举)一1)there are three reasons for this.2)the reasons for this are as follows.3)the reason for this is obvious.4)the reason for this is not far to seek.5)the reason for this is that.。
.6)we have good reason to believe that.。
.例如： there are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life. firstly, people’s living standard has been greatly improved. secondly, most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like. last but not least, more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。
如：great changes have taken place in our life. there are three reasons for this.这样写可以避开套用中的表达失误。
1)it has the following advantages.2)it does us a lot of good.3)it benefits us quite a lot.4)it is beneficial to us.5)it is of great benefit to us例如： books are like friends. they can help us know the world better, and they can open our minds and widen our horizons. therefore, reading extensively is of great benefit to us.最新四级英语(推举)二【总分：710分】一、英语四级作文说明：写作局部占整套试卷的15% =106.5分在这局部你要到达63.9分为及格。
时间：30分钟二、听力局部 =248.5分听力局部占整套试题的`35%，除听力篇章外每个题都是7.1分。
1、短篇新闻 7% 共7小题，每题7.1分。
2 、长对话 8% 8个题目每题7.1分。
3、听力篇章 20% 共10个小题，每题14.2分。
时间：25分钟。
在这局部你要到达149分为及格，做对14个左右即可。
三、阅读理解 35% =248.5分阅读局部占整套试题的35%，选词填空每题3.55分，其余每题都是7.1分。
1、选词填空 5% 10个题，每题3.55分2、长篇阅读 10% 10个题，每题7.1分。
3、认真阅读 20% 10个题共2篇，一篇5个题，每题14.2分。
时间：40分钟在这局部你要到达149分为及格，做对18个左右即可。
四、翻译局部汉译英 15% 30分钟 =106.5分试卷构造测试内容测试题型分值比例对应分值考试时长作文作文短文写作15%106.530分钟听力短篇新闻3段选择题单项选择7%49.730分钟长对话2篇选择题单项选择8%56.8听力篇章3篇选择题单项选择20%142阅读理解词汇理解选词填空5%35.540分钟长篇阅读匹配题10%71认真阅读选择题单项选择20%142翻译汉译英段落翻译15%106.530分钟总计100%710分130分钟最新四级英语(推举)三一、听力[dialogue（十个对话），passage（三个短文），compound dictation（复合式听写）]1 dialogue和passage：对话所述事情总是向不好的方面进展，例如比方对话里问教授的讲座lecture难不难，记住肯定难；教师的作业assignment多不多，肯定多；男士发出的邀请，女士会同意吗，永久不会；永久是一个傻哥发出邀请，邀请的对象是mary，问我们游泳好吗，滑冰好吗，跳舞好吗，吃饭好吗，mary的答复永久是，我特别的想去，but不去--四级考了十几年了，mary 从来没有去过，今年照样不会。
2 compound dictation：只能竖直耳朵用心听了，即使听不懂，也要依据上下文瞎猜一个，空着确定没分，瞎猜说不定教师看错了还会给你一分！二、阅读1 一事实细节题：1)选项中照抄或好像照抄原文的一般不是答案，而同义词替换的是正确答案； 2)选项中表达意义较详细，也就是句子较长的一般不是答案，而概括性的，抽象的是答案； 3)选项中有肯定语气词的比方must，never，merely等不是答案，而有不非常确定语气词的是正确答案，比方could，might，possible等。
2 二词义及语义推断题：选项含义与被考单词在含义上浅薄相近的一般不是答案。
3 三推理推断题：1)若要求对某段内容进展推论，那么就只看题干要求作答的那一段；2)选项中采纳摸索性，不非常肯定语气词的比方tend to ，offten等一般是答案；3)符合常识规律的一般是答案，比方说为什么中国比拟穷，是由于人口众多，为什么美国人很胖，是由于他们吃的肯德基，麦当劳太多了。
最新四级英语(推举)四section bdirections: in this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. you may choose a paragraph more than once. each paragraph is marked with a letter. answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2. resilience is about how you recharge, not how you endure[a] as constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, or movies. we race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through security, doing a last-minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. then, when we try to have that amazing work session in flight, we get nothing done. even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the same studies over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with （连续处理） the emails that have inevitably still piled up.[b] why should flying deplete us? we’re just sitting there doing nothing. why can’t we be tougher, more resilient （有复原力的）and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves? based on our current research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem comes from a misconception of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.[c] we often take a militaristic, “tough”approach to resilience and determination like a marine pulling himself through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play. we believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. however, this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate.[d] the very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful. research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems. and lack of recovery—whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones—is costing our companies $62 billion a year in lost productivity.[e] and just because work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering. we “stop” work sometimes at 5pm, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we’ll do tomorrow. in a study just released, researchers from norway found that 7.8% of norwegians have become workaholics（工作狂）。