我国隐私权保护的立法缺陷与对策

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注（其余要求见网页）：西南政法大学网站->研究生部网页->法律硕士->培养要求->关于规范法律硕士学位论文的通知提示：《我国隐私权保护的立法缺陷与对策》是基础性理论研究论文法律硕士学位论文评阅参考标准硕士学位论文我国隐私权保护的立法缺陷与对策The legislative defects in the privacy protection andthe responses in China作者姓名：李立银指导教师：吴春燕副教授西南政法大学Southwest University of Political Science and Law内容摘要隐私权是指自然人享有的对其与社会利益无关的个人信息、私人活动和私有领域进行支配的一种人格权。

它包括个人信息控制权、个人活动自由权、私有领域保密权以及权利主体对其隐私的利用权等。

由于历史的原因，中国的隐私权立法比较滞后，对隐私权的概念、内容和保护方法等都没有明确的规定，也没有将隐私作为公民的一项独立人身权加以保护。

我国对隐私权的真正保护始于二十世纪八十年代初，有关保护隐私权的法律散见于宪法、民法、刑法、行政法及有关的司法解释中，隐私权立法没有形成一个体系，并过于笼统、过于分散，同时对于侵犯隐私权的惩罚力度较弱及可操作性不强，另外也缺乏有力的“公法”保护措施。

随着科技及新闻媒介的发展、行政权力日益扩张、社会结构的日益复杂化以及人们的思想观念日益多元化等因素的出现，使得隐私权被侵害的现象越来越多，个人的尊严和自由受到严重的威胁，侵害隐私权在某种程度上已经成为一种比较普遍的社会现象。

人们的隐私安全感在降低，为此，个人对自己的人格尊严保护的需求日益提高。

在现代社会，侵害隐私权的行为日趋多样化，相对于传统的侵权形式而言，新型的侵害隐私权行为具有复杂化、隐蔽性及严重的危害性等特点。

面对新型的侵犯隐私权行为，现行的隐私权立法已经明显不能有效应对。

如何制定有效的隐私权法律在当前是必须解决的问题。

完善隐私权立法，保护好公民的隐私权，既是统治阶级维护社会稳定的需要，也能够促进和谐社会的建立和维持良好的人际关系，具有特殊的时代意义。

为此，本文试图从我国现行隐私权法律规定的现状入手，分析目前我国隐私权法律保护制度的缺陷及不足，并在研究部分国家关于隐私权保护的先进经验的基础上，进而提出我国隐私权保护的立法对策。

文章的写作重心和基本思路是，在分析现行法律隐私权保护不足的前提下，以完善民事隐私权立法为核心，并从宪法、刑法、行政法等角度加以分析，从不同的侧面为完善民事隐私权保护服务。

进而构建综合、立体式的以民法为核心的隐私权保护网。

全文主要分为四个部分，第一部分：隐私权概述，主要介绍隐私权的概念、特征、基本内容与范围等；第二部分：我国隐私权法律保护的缺陷及其不足，主要从不同侧面阐述我国隐私权保护的现行缺陷与不足的具体表现，如立法分散、可操作性不强、现行隐私权法律规定不能有效“遏制”新型侵权行为、缺乏不同法律部门之间“立体”的隐私权保护网络等；第三部分：两大法系主要国家隐私权的法律保护及给我们的启示，主要分析美、英、德、法等国隐私权保护的先进做法，通过对比寻找我国隐私权保护的立法启示；第四部分：完善我国隐私权保护的立法对策，主要以民事隐私权法律保护的完善为重心，分别从民事隐私权法律保护的环境保障、外部条件等不同方面阐述构建我国隐私权保护的立法对策，是全文的写作重心。

关键词：隐私；隐私权；法律保护AbstractThe Right to Privacy is a natural person entitled to the benefits to society related to their personal information, private activities and private areas dominated by the right kind of personality. It includes personal information control, freedom of individual rights, private sector right to confidentiality and privacy rights in the use of their rights.Due to historical reasons, China's privacy legislation lags behind the concept of privacy, content and methods of protection and so there is no clearly definition, nor the privacy of an independent person as a citizen whose rights should be protected.Practical protection of privacy in China began in the early 1980’s ,the protection of privacy laws are presented here and there throughout the references of the Constitution, civil law, criminal law, administrative law and relevant judicial interpretations of privacy legislation without forming a real system, and all is too much general, too scattered, while penalties for violation of privacy and the practicability is not strong, There are also no actually legal measures to protect the public laws.With the technology revolution and the development of rapidly expanding executive media power, the increasing of complex social structures, people's ideas and concepts, the emergence of increasingly divorce , the social phenomenon of right to privacy being infringed upon ,that is more and more personal dignity and freedom being seriously threatened, and violating the right to privacy to some extent has become a more common, while the security of people's privacy at the lower end, and the protection demands for individuals of their human dignity becomes more and more important. In modern society, the growing diversity of acts of infringement of privacy, as opposed to the traditional forms of infringement, the new acts of infringement of privacy have a complicated, hidden, harmful characteristics of a serious infringement of privacy. To face the new type of invasion of privacy acts, the current privacy legislation could not cope with it.It is very important to develop effective privacy laws.Improve the privacy legislation to protect the good citizen's privacy is not only the ruling class, the need to maintain social stability, but also can promote a harmonious society to establish and maintain good interpersonal relationships, has a special meaning of the times.To this end, this article attempts to China's current status of privacy laws start with analysis of the current privacy laws to protect our system's defect and deficiency, and some countries in the study abroad on the advanced experience of privacy, Then put forward the legislativemeasures to protect our privacy.The focus of the article writing and the basic idea is that, in analyzing the existing laws inadequate protection under the premise of privacy in order to improve the civil privacy legislation as the core, and Analysis from the point of viewfrom the constitution,criminal law,administrative law, from different aspects of well-functioning civil privacy protection services. Then build an integrated, three-dimensional style in order to protect the privacy of civil law as the core network.Full-text is divided into four parts:Part I:The overview of Privacy, introduces the concept of privacy, characteristics, basic contents and scope, etc.;Part II: the shortcomings of legal protection of privacy, from different sides set out our privacy defects and shortcomings of the existing concrete expression, such as legislation spread, operability is not strong, The existing privacy law can not be effective "containment" of new violations,The lack of difference between the legal department, "three-dimensional" privacy protection network, etc.; Part III:The two major legal systems in the word of major privacy law and give us inspiration, through the analysis of the United States, Britain, Germany, France and other countries of advanced privacy protection practices, Looking for legislation that protects our privacy Inspiration;Part IV:The response of privacy protection legislation,the improvement of legal protection of civil right to privacy as the focus of. Separately from the environment protection and external conditions of civil privacy laws to build the legislative measures to protect our privacy. It is the center of the full-text.Key Words: The Right to Privacy, Privacy, Legal Protection目录引言 (1)一、隐私权概述 (2)（一）隐私权的概念与特征 (2)1．隐私权的概念 (2)2．隐私权的特征 (2)（二）隐私权的基本内容与范围 (3)（三）隐私权的发展 (3)二、我国隐私权法律保护的缺陷及其不足 (4)（一）我国隐私权保护的法律规定 (4)（二）我国隐私权法律保护的缺陷及其不足 (5)1．无“隐私权”的法律概念，立法分散 (5)2．隐私权规定过于原则，可操作性不强 (6)3．现行隐私权法律规定不能有效“遏制”新型侵权行为 (7)4．缺乏不同法律部门之间“立体”的隐私权保护网络 (8)三、两大法系主要国家隐私权的法律保护及给我们的启示 (9)（一）英美法系主要国家对于隐私权的法律规定 (9)（二）大陆法系主要国家对于隐私权的法律规定 (10)（三）两大法系在隐私权规定方面给我们的启示 (10)四、完善我国隐私权保护的立法对策 (11)（一）强化民事法律对隐私权的保护 (11)1．将“隐私权”与“名誉权”并列为平等的人格权加以保护 (11)2．在司法解释中详述隐私权的概念、范围与制裁措施 (11)3．强化在隐私权领域“判例”的参照适用 (14)（二）“净化”其他法律——民法隐私权保护的环境保障 (14)1．完善修改我国现行的民事诉讼证据制度 (15)2．完善以《经济适用住房管理办法》为代表的法律规定 (16)（三）完善部门立法——民法隐私权保护的外部条件 (16)1．制定《新闻法》，严格规制新闻媒体侵犯隐私行为 (16)2．通过立法，严控网络、摄像头等新型工具对隐私权的侵害 (17)（四）完善宪法及刑法——民法隐私权保护的强有力后盾 (18)（五）完善行政法——减轻民事隐私权法律保护的负担 (19)1．放权——强化行政机关对隐私权的社会管理 (19)2．收权——监督政府执法中的侵犯隐私权行为 (20)结语 (21)致谢 (22)参考文献 (23)引言在当今的信息社会，人们足不出户，就可以通过不同的媒介了解到纷繁复杂的社会信息，这些信息来源的渠道或许是媒体、报刊书籍、网络、电视，抑或是人们之间的直接言语信息传递等。