考研英语语法之定语从句详解
考研英语之定语从句 PPT

定语从句之he critically endangered languages are those that are
only spoken by the elderly.
critically adv.严重地 endangered adj.威胁的 the elderly 老年人
定语从句之关系副 词
where 先行词表示地点的名词: place In Beijing , there are some famous teahouses where you can sit and drink some tea.
在北京,有一些有名的茶馆你可以坐下来喝点茶。
定语从句之关系副 词
定语从句之关系代 词
who whom whose
1.who可以用在缺少主语或宾语时
2.whom只能用在缺少宾语时
3.whose在定语从句中可翻译成:…的
定语从句之关系代 whose 考研真题解析
词
People whose dogs bite other people should keep them tied up. tie up 拴起来 谁的狗咬了人就应该拴起来。
非限定性定语从句: 主从句之间关系松散,用逗号隔开,缺少从句主句仍然成 立。
why 先行词表示原因的名词: reason
One of the major reason why this change has happened is the increased influence of TV.
这种变化发生的原因是电视的影响增加了。
定语从句之限定性与非限定性
限定性定语从句: 主从句之间关系密切,不用逗号隔开,缺少从句主句不成 立。
那些受到严重威胁的语言就是被老人所说的。
考研英语语法之定语从句详解

考研英语语法之定语从句详解考研英语语法体系中包含了三大从句,其中定语从句是考频最高的一种,且也是最重要的一种,在各个题型中都有所体现。
因此在基础阶段各位考生一定要学会在长难句中如何快速的识别定语从句。
一、定语从句的构成:先行词(所修饰的名词)+关系代词/关系副词(从属连词)+从句二、定语从句的类型:根据从属连词的不同可以将定语从句分为三种类型:关系代词引导的定语从句,关系副词引导的定语从句,和as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。
1.关系代词引导的定语从句who/whom 修饰人which 修饰物that,whose 修饰人或物在这一类从句中需要注意的是关系代词在句子中所起的作用。
首先,关系代词连接主句和从句;其次关系代词指代所修饰的先行词;最后关系代词往往在从句中做主语或者宾语,且做主语时关系代词不能省略,做宾语时可以省略。
例1:He who laughs last laughs best.(笑到最后的人笑得最美。
)分析:who引导定语从句修饰主句的主语he,且在从句中做主语,不能省略。
例2:He is collecting authentic material which can prove his argument.(他正在收集确凿的证据以证明他的观点。
)分析:that引导定语从句修饰名词material,且在从句中做主语,不能省略。
例3:The house (which) we bought last month is very beautiful.(我们上周买的这套房子很漂亮。
)分析:which引导定语从句修饰名词house,且在从句中做宾语,可以省略。
例4:The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside.(妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。
)分析:whose引导定语从句修饰表示人的名词the girl,且在从句中做主语,不可以省略。
考研英语翻译技巧之定语从句

考研英语翻译技巧之定语从句一、前置法:把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面,可以用“的”来连接。
He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。
Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。
His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence.他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。
二、后置法:把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面,翻译为并列分句。
(一)重复先行词。
I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.他把这件事告诉了约翰,约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。
We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encouraged.在我们对特别委员会表示满意,特别委员会的工作应该受到鼓励。
You, whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research, have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect.你们的先辈在天文学研究方面取得了初步的成功,而你们现在则在这一方面获得了更大的成就。
Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area.他虽然经验不足,但很有进取心和创造力,而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。
考研英语定语和定语从句总结

考研英语定语和定语从句总结1.什么是定语●……的+名词,……的就是修饰名词的定语2.定语的成分●n●adj●介词短语●从句●非谓语动词3.定语的位置●前小后大:一个单词修饰名词通常放在名词前,多个单词修饰名词通常放在名词后●Thiis keeps a fiction about a n and a rose.●The youngster grasping romance,Left the party of the prince.●当过去分词修饰名词时,即使只有一个单词也放在名词后●The boy dumped looks pitiful.●当adj修饰不定代词时,即使只有一个单词也放在名词后●I have something important to say4.定语从句的构成●n.+引导词+句子●定语从句的引导词(8个)●按先行词的种类分类(5类)●先行词是人:that(主宾表,宾可省),who (主), whom(宾) ,whose(定)●先行词是物:that (主宾表,宾可省),which ,whose(定)●先行词是时间:that , which ,when(不缺主谓宾)●先行词是时地点:that ,which ,where●先行词是原因:that ,which ,why●I will never forget the day when i met you.●I will never forget the day that/which we spent.●You had better have some reason why you are late.●You had better have some reason that/which sounds perfect●按引导词的词性来分类(3类)●代词:(在从句中充当主语或宾语)who,whom,that,which●副词:(在从句中不能缺主谓宾)where, when,why●形容词:(在从句中形容离它最近的那个名词)whose●Boys whose families keep wealthy nevet fail to fascinate me.●The rose that the n exchanged with his life was diacarded.●谁决定引导词的用法●先行词和引导词在句中充当的成分共同决定5.定语从句的特殊用法●that做引导词的省略●所以在分析长难句时,如果见到有两个名词或代词直接放在一起时,中间没有被任何标点符号和连词隔开,通常都是省略了that的定语从句●I enjoy the lunch (that)my mother cooks.●区别限制和非限制定语从句●I love liu who is beautiful.我喜欢美丽的刘。
考研英语之定语从句

定语从句之关系副词
why 先行词表示原因的名词: reason One of the major reason why this change has happened is the increased influence of TV.
这种变化发生的原因是电视的影响增加了。
考研英语之 定语从句
定 先行词(名词或代词)
语
从
关系代词
句 关系词
关系副词
who,wபைடு நூலகம்om,wh ose
which
that when,where,w
hy
定语从句
定语从句又叫 形容词性从句,可以充当形容词的成分。
修饰名词的内容多,用单词或词组无法表达,定语从句应 运而生。
定语从句之关系代词
1.关系代词作主语不可省略 This is my computer which was bought last year 2.关系代词作宾语可以省略 This is the boy (who) I know before.
定语从句之关系代词
The critically endangered languages are those that are only spoken by the elderly.
critically adv.严重地 endangered adj.威胁的 the elderly 老年人
那些受到严重威胁的语言就是被老人所说的。
定语从句之限定性与非限定性
限定性定语从句: 主从句之间关系密切,不用逗号隔开,缺少从句主句不成 立。
非限定性定语从句: 主从句之间关系松散,用逗号隔开,缺少从句主句仍然成 立。
考研英语长难句:定语从句

定语从句又称形容词性从句,就是用一个句子来修饰名词或代词,起到定语的作用,换句话说用一个句子来做定语,所以叫作定语从句。
除了定语从句的先行词和引导词外,还有一些关于定语从句的知识是你也需要了解的。
一、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句根据定语从句对中心词(即修饰词)限定的紧密程度分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
限定性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确。
限定性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。
【例句】I found a book whose title page was printed with your signature.我捡到一本有你署名的书。
非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用,缺少也不会影响全句的理解。
在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开。
【例句】As is vividly shown from the picture, the information that the cartoon conveys is totally thought-provoking.如图所示,这幅漫画所传递的信息非常发人深省。
二、定语从句与同位语从句的区别1.同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容;而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰语被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围或补充一些情况。
【例1】The news that I have passed the exam is true.(同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。
)【例2】The news that he told me just now is true.(定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息。
)2.关系词在句中是否作成分。
【例1】The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.(同位语从句,that在从句中不充当任何成分。
考研英语语法定语从句
考研英语语法定语从句导语:今天小编给大家带来的文章分享就是关于“考研英语语法定语从句”希望内容对大家有用,欢迎欣赏。
一、定语从句的构成:先行词(所修饰的名词)+关系代词/关系副词(从属连词)+从句二、定语从句的类型:根据从属连词的不同可以将定语从句分为三种类型:关系代词引导的定语从句,关系副词引导的定语从句,和as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句在这一类从句中需要注意的是关系代词在句子中所起的作用。
首先,关系代词连接主句和从句;其次关系代词指代所修饰的先行词;最后关系代词往往在从句中做主语或者宾语,且做主语时关系代词不能省略,做宾语时可以省略。
例1:He who laughs last laughs best. (笑到最后的人笑得最美。
)分析:who引导定语从句修饰主句的主语he,且在从句中做主语,不能省略。
例2:He is collecting authentic material which can prove his argument. (他正在收集确凿的'证据以证明他的观点。
)分析:that引导定语从句修饰名词material,且在从句中做主语,不能省略。
例3:The house (which) we bought last month is very beautiful. (我们上周买的这套房子很漂亮。
)分析:which引导定语从句修饰名词house,且在从句中做宾语,可以省略。
例4:The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside. (妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。
)分析:whose引导定语从句修饰表示人的名词the girl,且在从句中做主语,不可以省略。
2. 关系副词引导的定语从句前三种关系副词在考研英语中出镜率比较高,最后一种不太常见,容易被考生忽略。
关系副词在意义上常常相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。
考研英语【定语从句】典型例句剖
考研英语【定语从句】典型例句剖析1.Activ.learning.i.whic.student.writ.essay.o.perfor.experim ent.an.the.hav.thei.wor.evaluate.b.a.instructor.i.fa.mor.be neficia.fo.thos.wh.hav.no.ye.full.learne.ho.t.learn.【参考译文】积极的学习, 即学生们写文章或做实验, 然后让一位教师评估他们的作业, 对那些还没有完全学会如何学习的学生来说要更为有益得多。
【构造分析】该句可分为两大局部: Active learning, (in which students write essays or perform experiments and then have their work evaluated by an instructor,)is far more beneficial for those who have not yet fully learned how to learn.括号外的内容是主句, 括号里的内容是介词+which模式的定语从句;主句的主语是Active learning, 谓语是is, 表语是beneficial, far more是状语, 其中far是程度副词, 相当于much, for those是状语, 其后who引导的定语从句中, 主语是who, 谓体是have not yet fully learned, 宾语构造是how to learn。
括号内的定语从句修饰前面的Active learning, 由三局部构成, 即or…and连接的三个并列句, 第一个并列句的主语是students, 谓语是write, 宾语是essays, 第二个并列句的谓语是perform, 宾语是experiments, 第三个并列句的谓语是have...evaluated, 宾语是work, by an instructor是状语构造。
考研英语语法之三大从句
三大从句一、定语从句定语从句,简言之,就是用来做定语的句子,即用于修饰名词或代词的一个具有完整主谓结构的句子。
这个被修饰的名词或代词因为总是在定语从句的前面,所以我们称之为先行词。
而引导定语从句的连词,叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。
One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts education and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools.(一)定语从句的先行词先行词是定语从句所修饰的对象。
只有正确找出先行词,才能明白定语从句所修饰的究竟是什么成分,才能正确理解句子前后各部分的逻辑关系,分清句子结构,从而正确理解句子。
1. 一个词(通常是名词,也可以是代词)For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.2. 一个短语During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities.3. 一个从句The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be.4. 一个完整的句子As can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the active participation of the patient in the modification of this condition.They are invited to the state banquet, which was a great honor to them.(二)引导定语从句的关系词1.It is about YOU, and how you performed and what you accomplished in those past jobs –especially those accomplishments that are most relevant to the work you want to do next.She had recently left a job and had helped herself to copies of the company’s client data, which she intended to draw upon in starting her own business.At the same time, the American Law Institute – a group of judges, lawyers and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight – issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.dream, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn’t have changed anything.Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.(三)定语从句与先行词的隔离考研英语中有很多复杂的定语从句,它们的先行词并不像常规那样紧靠着关系词,而是在先行词与关系词之间插入了很多成分。
考研知识点之定语从句
考研知识点之定语从句考研知识点之定语从句定语乃至于定语从句,一直是考研英语语法中的重点和难点。
下面是店铺为大家推荐定语从句的内容,希望能够帮助到你,欢迎大家的阅读参考。
定语从句翻译方法一、前置法当一个限定性定语从句结构和意义较为简单,或是较为简短时,我们把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组,放置于被修饰的词之前,将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句。
Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.(2003)本句中the environment后面又跟了一个定语从句。
大家看下他是什么定语从句,是限定性还是非限定性定语从句。
限定性吧!它有什么特点呢,只有三个词,意义和结构都较为简单,因此我们在翻译的时候就要把它放在他所修饰的先行词的前面。
译文:而且,人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境,从而使所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想像。
But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.(1998,71)这个句子中That existed 15 billion years ago.是一个定语从句,其先行词是the patterns and structures.这个定语从句比较简单,我们可以直接将其翻译他所修饰的先行词的前面。
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考研英语语法之定语从句详解
导语:不花一分钱,也能炼成多语种达人!欢迎阅读考研英语语法之定语从句详解!
一、定语从句的构成:先行词(所修饰的名词)+关系代词/关系副词(从属连词)+从句
二、定语从句的类型:根据从属连词的不同可以将定语从句分为三种类型:关系代词引导的定语从句,关系副词引导的定语从句,和as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句
在这一类从句中需要注意的是关系代词在句子中所起的作用。
首先,关系代词连接主句和从句;其次关系代词指代所修饰的先行词;最后关系代词往往在从句中做主语或者宾语,且做主语时关系代词不能省略,做宾语时可以省略。
例1:He who laughs last laughs best. (笑到最后的人笑得最美。
)
分析:who引导定语从句修饰主句的主语he,且在从句中做主语,不能省略。
例2:He is collecting authentic material which can prove his argument. (他正在收集确凿的证据以证明他的观点。
)
分析:that引导定语从句修饰名词material,且在从句中做主语,不能省略。
例3:The house (which) we bought last month is very beautiful. (我们上周买的这套房子很漂亮。
)
分析:which引导定语从句修饰名词house,且在从句中做宾语,可以省略。
例4:The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside. (妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。
)
分析:whose引导定语从句修饰表示人的名词the girl,且在从句中做主语,不可以省略。
2. 关系副词引导的.定语从句
前三种关系副词在考研英语中出镜率比较高,最后一种不太常见,容易被考生忽略。
关系副词在意义上常常相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。
例1:The commentator must know the value of silence and how to use it at those moments when the pictures speak for themselves. (播音员必须懂得沉默的价值,懂得在画面不需要解释说明的时刻如何利用沉默。
)
分析:when引导定语从句修饰表示时间的名词moments,在从句中做时间状语。
例2:When the work is well done, a climate of accident-free operation is established where time lose due to injuries is kept at a minimum. (工作完成后,一种无事故操作的环境被建立起来,在这种环境中,由于伤害造成的时间损失被保持在最低水平。
)
分析:where引导定语从句修饰表示场合的名词climate,在从句中做地点状语。
例3:Do you know the reason why there are heat losses in a steam engine? (你知道蒸汽机中存在热损耗的原因吗?)
分析:why引导定语从句修饰名词reason,在从句中做原因状语。
例4:Teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. (按照传统,教书是许多知识分子借以谋生的手段。
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3. as/which引导的非限制性定语从句
As/which引导的非限制性定语从句不仅可以修饰某个词语,而且可以修饰整个主句。
而as引导的从句位置灵活,既可以位于句首,也可以位于句尾或者句中。
且有些表达已经固定下来,如as is known to all 众所周知;as is often the case 情况往往如此。
相比而言,which 的位置就比较受限制,通常位于句末。
例1:Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry----William Shakespeare. (众所
周知,艾文河畔的斯特拉特福镇,只有一种产业——威廉.莎士比亚。
)
分析:as引导定语从句,使用了其固定表达。
例2:She is quite considerate and kind, which her younger sister never is. (她非常善良、体贴,而她妹妹却从不这样。
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分析:which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子。