写作套路

一、只论述一个观点：OutlineI.IntoductionThesis:(your opinion + points in body)II.BodyParagraph Ⅰ:Topic sentence(reason 1)(a) \(b)supporting details(examples/explanation)(c) /Pragraph Ⅱ:Topic sentence(reason 2)(a) \(b)supporting details((examples/explanation)(c) /Pragraph Ⅲ:(a) \(b)supporting details((examples/explanation)(c) /III.ConclusionConcluding statement:your final opinion例：The most important aspect of a job is the money a person earns. Use specific reasons and examples to support whether your agree or disagree with the above statement.OutlineⅠ. IntoductionThesis:The most important aspect of a job is not the money a person earns.Ⅱ. BodyParagraph Ⅰ:A job gives us an opportunity to learn necessary skills in a career.Eg. An assistant teacher→ProfessorPragraph Ⅱ:A job gives us a start towards our goal.Eg. Kitchen helper →a millionaire restaurant owner.Pragraph Ⅲ:A job can satisfy our interest in one particular area.Eg. A clerk position in a fashion designing company →satisfies one’s interest in fashionⅢ. ConclusionConcluding statement:The most important aspect of a job is the opportunities it gives us to learn, to work our way toward success and to keep our interest.例：People are never too old to attend college or university. Use specific reasons and examples to support whether you agree or disagree with the above statement.Outline(agree)Ⅰ. IntoductionThesis:People are never too old to attend college or university.Ⅱ. Body(a) Learning keeps brain working----a sound mental ability.(b) Old people feel younger in a crowed of youth-----a healthy mind.(c)Dreams of entering university are finally fulfilled----a wonderful thing in life.Ⅲ. ConclusionConcluding statement:The opportunity of attending college or university benefits anyone of any age group.Outline(disagree)Ⅰ. IntoductionThesis:There should be an age limit for people to attend college or university.Ⅱ. Body(a) No need for old people to struggle for new knowledge----not much time for them to use.(b) They take up seats in college and university-----waste resourse(c)Old people’s presence in the classroom makes young students feel uncomfortable----generationgap.Ⅲ. ConclusionConcluding statement:Letting seniors attend college or university is meaningless.How do you th ink the following transportation vehicles have changed people’s life?(1)automobiles (2)bicycles (3)airplanes Choose one and use specific reasons and examples to supportyour answer.Ever since the invention of automobiles, people’s lives have been drastically changed. Automobiles, as a means oftransportion, bring people comfort, pleasure and substances.With automobiles, people’s life has become much easier today. Car owners no longer need to walk to work. They can stay in bed half an hour longer in the morning. Nor housewives need to walk to stores and carry heavy bags of grocery food all the way home. Once peole step out the door and jump onto their cars, all they do is just sitting and adjusting the steering wheel while enjoying the view on the road.Automobiles make people’s life more interesting. With vehicles, people can visit friends living not only within walking distance but also miles away. They car attend a BBQ party, a birthday party or a Christmas party at their’s friends’ home located on the outskirt of the city and return home for sleep after midnight. On weekends, they can drive to the beach for sunbath, to the lake for fishing, and to the moutain for camping or hiking. They can also drive to another city or crossing the border to another country for pleasure.Automobiles support people’s life with much more substances. Since they are widely used to transport goods for one city to another, and even from one neighboring country to another neighboring country, people enjoy more kinds of goods both produced locally and internationally.Up to now automobiles have been developed to have many smart functions. These smart functions let people live far more comfortably and happily than they used to.Some important natural resources,such as forests, animals or clean water are disappearing. Choose ne resource and exlain why it needs to be saved. Use specific reasons and examples to support youropinion.Because of human activities, many parts of the world are losing important natural resoures, among which the forest is one of the most important ones. Forests should be saved for many reasons.First,forests are home of animals.Because of the destruction of forests, many species of animals have become extinct and many others are on the edge of extinction. Animals are the supply of means for human beings. For example, we eat deer and bears. Animals are also the supply of fur for our clothing in winter. We wear coats made of the skin of fox, leopard and tiger to protect us from severe cold.Second, forests are sources of lumber and some medicine. The destruction of forests means cutting off our supply of wood, paper and building materials and also means cutting off our supply of some necessary ingredients for medicine.Finally, forests are producers of oxygen. Through photosynthesis, plants in the forests release oxygen into the air. Oxygen is a necessity for human survival which we cannot go without. If there were no forests to supply oxygen into the atmosphere, all living things would finally die. Besides, forests absorb carbon dioxide while releasing oxygen. Carbon dioxide is one of the main gases that dioxide, the green house effect, the warming up of the globe, will take place quickly and sooner.Since forests are so valuable to our human life, worldwide actions should be taken to stop losing any more of them. To achieve a most effective forest saving campaign, we can hold worldwide boycotts against any products directly and indirectly coming out from forest land.附几种结论句的写法：(1)提出更具有概括性的结论（give a more generalized opinion）:The extinction of species, the shortage of lumber and drug ingredients, the reduction of oxygen and the increase ofcarbon dioxide in the atmosphere all signal that we cannot afford to lose any more forests.(2)提出作者的建议（give advice）:To stop losing more frests, we sould educate people, especially those who have destroyed and who are going to destroyforests for one reason or another in why forests must exist on the earth.(3)提出解决问题的方法(offer a solution):To achieve a most effective forest saving campaign, we can hold worldwide boycotts against any products directly andindirectly coming out from forest land..(4)提出警告(give a warning):If forests are continuously losing like today, one day n the future our humans will sustain the consequence of today’s forestdestruction, having no wild animals, lumber natural drug ingredients and more importantly, oxygen. (5)提出预言(make a prediction):Should we not take actions to save forests today, one day is the future we will run out of such valuable natural resources aslumber, drug ingredients, animals and oxygen.(6)告诉结果（tell a result）:If we save forests today by using plastic but not wood to make furniture, and by eating cattle raised on ordinary farmlandbut not on forest land, we will still have such valuable natural resources as wild animals, lumber,natural drug ingredients, and oxygen for us to use forever.(7)提供选择（suggest an alternative）:If we take actions to save forests today, we will have wild animals, natural drug ingredients, lumber and oxygen forever, orwe will scarcely have any.二、同时论述两种观点或态度：OutlineⅠ. IntoductionThesis:(your opinion + points in body)Ⅱ. BodyParagraph Ⅰ:Topic sentence(your opinion about view A)(a) \(b)supporting details(examples/explanation)(c) /Pragraph Ⅱ:Topic sentence(your opinion about view B)(a) \(b)supporting details((examples/explanation)(c) /Ⅲ. ConclusionConcluding statement:your position + reasonNote:1: Set a common point in the thesis for us to discuss the two.2. Always talk about the one you do not prefer first.3.Make comments on both views.例：Some people think that children should begin their formal education at a very early age and should spend most of their time on school studies; others believe that young children should spend most of their time playing. Do you agree with the former view or the latter one? Why?OutlineⅠ. IntoductionThesis:Both views are based on their respective ground.Ⅱ. BodyParagraph Ⅰ:Those who argue for the playing time for children think that young children are too young to learn.(a) They can’t concentrate for longer than 15 minutes(b) But the real purpose of putting them to study is to develop their habit of studying(the writer’scomment)Pragraph Ⅱ:Those who argue for children’s early commencement of formal education believe that by being put tostudies children can develop a habit of studying and a love for learning.(a) The process of studying helps develop children’s mental ability.(b)The studying habit and the love for learning are more valued.Ⅲ. ConclusionConcluding statement:A good habit should be developed before a bad one may grow; a love forstudying should take roots before love of playing is established.Some people think that children should begin their formal education at a very early age and should spend most of their time on school studies; others believe that young children should spend most of their time playing. Do you agree with the former view or the latter one? Why?People hold different view on what children should do at a very early age. Some think that children should begin their formal education and start to spend most of their time on studies. Others believe that it is still time for young children to play. Both views are based on respective ground.Those who argue for the playing time for children suggest that children at a very early age are still too young to focus their attention on learning. Their brain may not be ready for serious studies such as comprehending and memorizing learning materials. These people are partially rightc for it is true that young children can hardly concentrate. Their attention on one thing lasts for shorter period,can’t we? And we can shift teaching subjects.Through putting them to study, young children are occupied with learning but not with playing.Those who argue for children’s early commencement of formal education believe that being put to studies, children can develop a good habit of studying, for the process of learning helps develop children’s mental abilities like the ability to memo rize, the ability to understand, and the ability to do simple calculation. Children’s habit of studying and love for learning are of great importance to youngsters because these two things set up the sound foundation for their future studies.Having children start formal education at a very early age benefits young children much more than simply letting them play most of their time. A good habit needs a long time to develop to become a second nature. More importantly, it is better to develop a good habit before a bad one may grow. Similarly, the love for learning should take roots far before the love for playing is established.Some people believe that a college or university education should be available to all students; Others believe that higher education should be available only to good sutdents.Discuss these views and explain the one you agree with.People have different opinions on whom university education should be open to. Some people believe that a college or uneversity education should be available to all students. Others believe that higher education should be limited to only good students. These two views base on different arguments.Those who argue for the availability of university education to good students think that having only good students study in university would save both the government’s fund on education and resource consumed in educating bad students, for good students attending school are highly motivated and they do not come for nothing. However, these people neglect one fact that most school graduates are too young to work. Not many employers are keen on hiring school graduates who freshly come out of school. These young people, especially the so-called bad students, since they are refused by colleges and universities, have nothing to do and would easily form gangs strolling in the streets.Those who argue for the availability of higher education to all students believe that every student should have the equal right to education. Should they choose to further their study, colleges and universities shouild open their arms to welcome them. Besides, when mass students have university education year after year, the education level of the whole society will finally get promoted, resulting in a better quality of the nation.Apparently, opening university doors to all students benefits the society and the whole nationrather than individual students; therefore, it is a better choice for us to take.Some people trust their first impressions about a person’s character because they believe the se judgments are generally correct. Other people do not judge a person’s character quickly because they think that first impressions are ofter wrong. Make a choice and use specific examples to support the attitude you agree with.These are two different at titudes in the way how people judge a person’s character. Some people judge a person’s character by their first impressions about the person while others through careful observations over a time period. Both attitudes are based on different beliefs.Those who trust their first impressions about a person’s character believe that their first impressions are generally correct because they think their eyes are especially sharp when they first view a completely new person. Besides, they trust what their intuition tells them. However these people forget the fact that a person usually tries to appear nicer than he or she really is when first meeting somebody. For example, a man always tries to appear at his best in his first dating. A job applicant also tries to look courteous in a job interview. Therefore, first impressions can be false,not to say that some people pretend to be good on purpose.Those who judge a person’s character through careful observations believe that the true character of a person can only be revealed in the person’s reactons to different events over a period of time. These people, observing how the person thinks and how the person acts in different situations, adjust their judgments of the person’s character until they are convinced by sufficient evidence. People who hold this attitude realize the possibilities of the false impressions they may have and allow themselves to have time to find out the person’s real personality.Judging a person’s character slowly with evidence is preferable because it is more reliable and true to the fact.三、比较两件事物的好处：OutlineⅠ. IntoductionThesis:(advantages of A and B)Ⅱ. BodyParagraph Ⅰ:Topic sentence(advantage of A)(a) \(b)supporting details(your opinion, examples/explanation)(c) /Pragraph Ⅱ:Topic sentence(advantages of B)(a) \(b)supporting details(your opinion, examples/explanation)(c) /Ⅲ. ConclusionConcluding statement:your preference + reason例：Some people prefer to spend time with one or two close friends; others choose to spend time with a large number of friends. Compare the advantages of these two ways of spending time. Which one do you prefer and why?OutlineⅠ. IntoductionThesis:Spending time with one or two close friends and with a large number of friends both have their respective advantages.Ⅱ. BodyParagraph Ⅰ:There are several benefits of spending time with one or two close friends.(a) still enjoy peace and quietness(b)won’t feel lonely because of having companies(c) share each others secretsPragraph Ⅱ:Similarly, spending time with a large number of friends also has several advantages.(a) enjoy the excitement of having a laughing and noisy gathering(b)play various games and do different activities(c) have a chance to practice interpersonal skillsⅢ. ConclusionConcluding statement:Although spending time with a large number of friends is fun and good, spending time with just one or two close friends let one pass time with enjoyment deep to the heart rather than with skin-deep excitement.Students at universities often have a choice of places to live in. They may choose to live in university dormitories, or they may choose to live in apartments in the community. Compare the advantages of these two living places. Where would you like to live? Make a choice and give reasons for your preference.As students at university are adults, they often have a choice of place to live. Some students choose to live in university dormitories while others choose to live in apartments in the community. Both living in university housing and living in apartments in the community have their respective advantages.The first advantage of living in university dormitories is that students are close to classroom and school facilities. They need not spend time and fare getting to class, to the library or to the gym room. The second advantage is the opportunity to make more friends. Students living in university move among other students on the campus. They eat at a dining table shared with other students in the dining room; they study at a big desk surrounded by other schoolmates in the library, and they play sports in the field with their own teammates against other teammates. As a result, students living in university housing naturally know more people and make more friends at school. The last imprtant advantage of living in university is that students can focus their attention exclusively on study, school events, and school activities. Since they are away from the city center, from their family and from the street beyond the walls of their school.Similarly, living in an apartment in the community also has advantages. First, being away from the eyes of others, these students can fully enjoy privacy. They can do whatever they like to do, sa y, studying in one minute and listening to music in another. They do not need to worry that their roommates overhear their conversation over the phone. Next, they can live like being at home, makingbreakfast and dinner, and inviting friends over for cofee.Finally, students living in the community open themselves to the community as well as to the society. They notice things both happening in university and around in the neighborhood.Although whether one chooses to live in university housing or to live in an apartment in the community is a matter of personal preference, living in an apartment in the community is much better than living in university, for students can keep contact both with the university and with the society rather than being cut off from one.四、比较一件事物本身的利弊：OutlineⅠ. IntoductionThesis:(advantages and disadvantages)Ⅱ. BodyParagraph Ⅰ:Topic sentence(two or three advantage )(a) \(b)supporting details(your opinion, examples/explanation)(c) /Pragraph Ⅱ:Topic sentence(the most disadvantages )(a) \(b)supporting details(your opinion, examples/explanation)(c) /Ⅲ. ConclusionConcluding statement:your opinion例：A community has announced that it wishes to build a large factory near your community. What are the advantages and disavantages of this new influence on your community? Will you support or oppose the wish to build the factory?OutlineⅠ. IntoductionThesis:Having a factory near our community has both advantages and disadvantages.Ⅱ. BodyParagraph Ⅰ:advantages(a) employment opportunities for our residents(b)workers will bring business to communityPragraph Ⅱ:disadvantages(a) our community will get crowded(b)air will be polluted(c)waste may be dumped outⅢ. ConclusionConcluding statement:Although having a factory near our community gives us employment opportunities and brings us business, we would rather not have it there because we do not want polluted air to harm our health, nor waste from the factory, nor a crowded community.The government has announced that it plans to build a new university. Some people think that your community would be a good place to locate the university. Use specific details to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of estabishing a new university in your community.Ever since the government announced its plan to build a new university, people have talked a lot about the location for the university, and some suggest that our community would be a good place to locate the new institution. Having a university in our neighborhood will certainly produce both advantages and disadvantages to the environment and the residents.The establishment of a university in our neighborhood benefits the community in a number of ways. First, our community would become widely known not only regionally but also nationally and even internationally if the school enrolls international students because, once students know the name of the university, they know the name of our community. Second, the university would bring employment opportunities and business to the community. It would hire clerks, assistant workers, cooks, kitchen helpers, and shopkeepers to work on the campus. It would also let people run a cafeteria or a food stand there. Besides, students would come out and eat and shop in our stores and restaurants. Finally, some of our neighbors could earn an extra income by renting out their rooms or basements, for there would be students who prefer renting in the community to living in dormitories.On the other hand, having a university in the community would have one major disadvatage. Since university students live in the community, our redsidents would have to share all public facilities with them. Our swimming pools would be more crowded. People would queue longer in restaurants for their seats during peak hours. There would hardly be any picnic tables unoccupied in the park on sunny weekends, and it would take a longer time for all of us to find a parking spot.Fortunately, the advantages outnumber the disadvantage, and also the advantage are of greater significance to the well being of the community than the disadvantage. Should the government choose our community as the site for the new university, it is a piece of good luck to us all in the community.五、两者选择其一：(1)先在心里挑选两者中的一个，作为我们更愿意选择的一方，用这一方作为我们文章的主题事物，在命题中指出它胜于另外一方，然后在正文提出两三大理由支持自己的观点，这种处理方法与“论述一个观点相同”。