北外研究生考试题.pdf

招生专业：英语同声传译

科目名称：英汉互译（考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效）

一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）

Fifteen years ago at the Fourth World Conference on Women. Governments pledged

to advance equality, development and peace for all women everywhere. The

landmark Beijing Declaration has had a deep and wide-ranging impact. It has guided policymaking and inspired new national laws. It has sent a clear message to women

and girls around the world that equality and opportunity are their inalienable rights.

There are many examples of progress, thanks in large part to the resolute efforts of

civil society organizations. A growing number of countries have legislation that

supports sexual and reproductive health and promotes gender equality.

Nonetheless, much work remains. Maternal mortality remains unacceptably high, too

few women have access to family planning, and violence against women remains a

cause for global shame. In particular, sexual violence during conflict is endemic.

One key lesson of the past decade and a half is the importance of addressing broader discrimination and injustice. Gender stereotyping and discrimination remain common

in all cultures and communities. Early and forced marriage. sexual abuse and

trafficking of young women and girls are disturbingly prevalent and, in some areas, on

the rise. Whether looking through the lens of poverty. or in times of disaster, we see

that women still bear the greatest burden.

15年前，在第四次妇女问题世界会议上，各国政府承诺为造福世界各地所有妇女而推

进平等、发展与和平。具有划时代意义的《北京宣言》影响深远，成为决策的指南，成为制定国家新法律的灵感所在，同时清楚地告诉世界各地的妇女和女孩：平等和机会是她们不可剥夺的权利。进步的实例有许许多多，在很大程度上是民间社会组织坚定努力

的结果。越来越多的国家已立法支持增进性健康和生育健康，促进男女平等。

尽管如此．需要做的工作还很多。孕妇死亡率仍然高居不下，令人无法接受；能获得计

划生育服务的妇女为数太少；暴力侵害妇女行为仍遍及全球，令人蒙羞。冲突期间的性暴力行为尤其普遍。

过去l5年给我们的一条重要经验是：处理更广范围内的歧视和不公，至关重要。性别

陈规观念和性别歧视在各文化和族群之中仍普遍存在。早婚和逼婚、性暴力及贩运年轻妇女和女孩的行为盛行不止，在某些地区甚至有增无减，令人不安。不论在贫困之中，

还是在灾难之时，妇女都仍然承受最沉重的负担。

二、将下列短文译为汉语（50分）

Central Bankers: Stop Dithering. Do Something.

Both the American economy and the global economy are facing a familiar foe: policy defeatism. Throughout modern economic history, whether in Western Europe in the

1920s. in the United States in the 1930s, or in Japan in the 1990s, every major

financial crisis has been followed by premature abandonment - if not reversal - of the stimulus policies that are necessary for sustained recovery. Sadly: the world appears

to be repeating this mistake.

The right thing to do right now is for the Federal Reserve and the European Central

Bank to engage in further monetary stimulus. Having lowered short-term interest rates,

they should buy (or in the case of the Fed, resume buying) significant quantities of government securities to help push down long-term interest rates and encourage investment.

As many have observed. we need to rebalance the economy from imports to exports,

from private consumption to savings, from tax breaks to infrastructure rebuilding and

from the financial sector to everything else. The process of rebalancing will require movement of capital from older industries and activities to newer ones -that is,

investment. Moreover, a lot of what was termed "investment" during the boom years

was misallocated - wasted - capital. so many productive projects were ignored.

But investment has been held back because of uncertainty over the economy's future prospects. And the ability to attract investors is being limited by the giant burden of

private-sector debt, In other words, a financing problem is inhibiting the restructuring

of our economy. Alleviating generalized financing problems and low investor

confidence is precisely what monetary stimulus does.

Some claim that monetary easing will impede restructuring. But this makes no sense.

For all the talk that monetary austerity promotes the "creative destruction" necessary

for the economy to recover. it does not work that way.

中央银行：别再惊慌和犹豫，行动起来

美国经济和世界经济都面临着一个熟悉的敌人：政策的失败。纵观现代经济史，上个世

纪中，不管是二十年代的西欧，还是三十年代的美国，或是九十年代的日本，每一次主

要的金融危机之后，政府都过早放弃了为了使经济持续复苏所必须的刺激政策，甚至是反其道而行之。可悲的是，今天的世界正在重复这个错误。

现在应该做的事情是美联储和欧洲央行采取进一步的货币刺激。通过调低短期利率，他们应该买进（或者在美联储的情况下，继续购买）重大数量的政府债券，以帮助推低长

期利率，并鼓励投资。

正如许多人观察到的，我们需要重新平衡经济，从进口到出口，从个人消费到储蓄，从

税收减免到基础设施重建，从金融部门到其他一切部门。这个调整的过程需要把资本从

传统行业和行为中转到新兴行业—即进行投资。而且，在经济繁荣期我们曾经称之为”投资”的诸多行为中，资本被配置不当…被浪费…导致许多有生产性的项目被忽略。