微生物(期末考题答案(西南科技大学)

1 The fundamental unit of all living organisms is the: BA. membraneB. cellC. nucleusD. cell wall2 The term "antibiotic" means: CA. a substance produced by the laboratory that kills or inhibits other microorganismsB. a substance produced by microorganisms that kills or inhibits moldsC. a substance produced by microorganism that kills or inhibits other microorganismsD. a substance produced by microorganisms that kills or inhibits cancer cells3 Which of the following mechanisms transports molecules with chemical alteration? BA. active transportB. group translocationC. facilitated diffusionD. binding protein transport4 Lysozyme and penicillin have activity against the cell wall. Lysozyme breaks this component; penicillin prevents its formation. CA. lipopolysaccharideB. PhospholipidC. PeptidoglycanD. teichoic acid5 Which of the following is not found in all bacterial cell? DA. cell membraneB. a nucleoidC. ribosomesD. capsule6 Pili are tubular shafts in bacteria that serve as a means of . CA. gram-positive, genetic exchangeB. gram-positive, attachmentC. gram-negative, genetic exchangeD. gram-negative, protection7 Which of the following is present in both gram-positive and gram-negative cell wall? BA. an outer membraneB. peptidoglycanC. teichoic acidD. lipopolysaccharides8 Yeasts are fungi, and molds are fungi. BA. macroscopic, microscopicB. unicellular, filamentousC. motile, nonmotileD. water, terrestrial9 A virus is a tiny infectious . CA. cellB. living thingC. particleD. nucleic acid10 The nucleic acid of a virus is DA. DNA onlyB. RNA onlyC. both DNA and RNAD. either DNA or RNA11 The general steps in a viral multiplication cycle are AA. adsorption, penetration, replication, maturation, and releaseB. endocytosis, uncoating, replication, assembly, and buddingC. adsorption, uncoating, duplication, assembly, and lysisD. endocytosis, penetration, replication, maturation, and exocytosis12 The protein coat structure of the virus is called a: DA. coatB. envelopC. receptorD.capsid13 In some cases intact viruses are not needed to infect a cell. Infectious protein molecules that can cause disease are given the term: AA.prionsB. viroidsC. CapsomersD.Virions14 Lichens are symbiotic relationship between fungi and: AA.algaeB. eubacteriaC. protozoaD. archeabacteria15 Most plant diseases are caused by: AA. fungiB. bacteriaC.virusesD. viroids16 Decomposition of organic matter in streams and lakes leads to a decrease in: CA. CO2B. O2C. CH4D.NH317 Bacterial genes are considered: DA. homozygousB. heterozygousC. diploidD. haploid18 Extrachromosomal elements are known to contain genetic information for all the following except: DA. nitrogen fixationB. toxin productionC. antibiotic resistanceD. cell wall repair19 Which of the following mutations would result in a change in the amino acid in the polypeptid chain? DA. suppressorB. silentC. NonsenseD. missense20 The technique of replica plating is often used to detect nutritional mutations. Microorganisms hat grow on complete media but fail to grow on minimal media are called: BA. autotrophsB. auxotrophsC. symbiontsD. heterotrophs21 Virus are known to infect DA. plantsB. bacteriaC. fungiD. all organisms22 Isolation of recombinant DNA requires the use of specific enzymes that cut the DNA at specific sequences. These enzymes are called: CA. ligasesB. recombination enzymesC. restriction enzymesD. excision enzymes23 Which of the following fermentation processes is more efficient? CA. batchB. kettleC. continuous flowD. incubator24 The accumulation of penicillin occurs at which phase of the growth cycle of the fungi DA. trophophaseB. logC. growthD. stationary25 Most of the major antibiotics used in medicine are producted by CA.StreptococcusB. BacillusC. StreptomycesD. Aspergillus26 The taq polymerase used in PCR reactions was isolated from which of the following organisms? BA. Escherichia coliB. Thermus aquaticusC. Xanthomonus campestrisD. Saccharomyces cerevisiae27 An organism that can synthesize all its required organic components from CO2 using energy from the sun is a AA. photoautotroph.B. photoheterotrophC. chemoautotrophD. chemoheterotroph28 Chemoautotrophs can survive on alone. CA. mineralsB. CO2C. mineral and CO2D. methane29 Which of the following is true of passive transport ? AA. it requires a gradientB. it uses the cell wallC. it includes endocytosisD. it only moves water30 The time required for a cell to undergo binery fission is called the BA. exponential growth rateB. generation timeC. growth curveD. lag period31 In a viable plate count, each represents a from the sample population. CA. cell, colonyB. hour, generationC. colony, cellD. cell, generation32 is another term for biosynthesis. CA. catabolismB. metabolismC. anabolismD. catalyst33 The compound that enters the TCA cycle from glycolysis is DA. citric acidB. oxaloacetic acidC. pyruvic acidD. acetyl coenzyme A34 In bacterial cultures, growth can be demonstrated by an increase in: CA. massB. cell sizeC. cell numberD. cell length35 In times of nutrient deficiencies, the bacteria Clostridium produce____until conditions are permissive for vegetative growth. BA. prosthecaeB. sporesC. stalksD. fruiting bodies36 The most effective way of sterilizing a solution is by: DA. incinerationB. pasteurizationC. filtrationD. moist heat37 Many coenzymes are . CA. mentalsB. proteinsC. vitaminsD. Substrates38 During the phase, the rate of new cells being added to the population has slowed down. AA. stationeryB. deathC. lagD. exponential growth39 Methanogens produce methane from decomposition of wastes under: BA. aerobic conditionsB. anaerobic conditions40 A prophage is an early stage in the development of a/an AA. bacterial virusB. poxvirusC. lytic virusD. enveloped virus.1 Bacteria can be divided into two groups, the archaea and the eubacteria .2 Viruses consist of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat.3 Exchange of genetic information by direct contact is referred to as _conjugation .4 The cultures are commonly used for studies of microbial metabolism.5 measure the number of cells in a population under microscope. While measure only the living cells.6 Based on special purpose, medium can be divided into , and three types.7 utilize light as energy source, and CO2 as major or even sole source of carbon.8 are organic compounds that, like micronutrients, are required in very small amounts and only by some cells.9 The major types of plasmids are Resistant plasmids、Col plasmids、Conjugative plasmids、Metabolic plasmids、Virulence plasmids。