(完整版)硬度计(Hardness)中英文对照表
常用模具零件中英文对照表
常用模具零件中英文对照表2005-12-19 14:51:17???中国注塑网入水：gate进入位：gate location水口形式：gate type大水口：edge gate细水口： pin-point gate水口大小：gate size转水口：switching runner/gate唧嘴口径：sprue diameter二、流道: runner热流道：hot runner,hot manifold热嘴冷流道: hot sprue/cold runner唧嘴直流: direct sprue gate圆形流道：round(full/half runner流道电脑分析：mold flow analysis :?[??n?l?s?s]流道平衡:runner balance热嘴：hot sprue热流道板：hot manifold发热管：cartridge heater探针: thermocouples插头：connector plug插座： connector socket密封/封料： seal三、运水：water line喉塞：line lpug喉管：tube塑胶管：plastic tube快速接头：jiffy quick connector plug/socker四、模具零件：mold components三板模：3-plate mold二板模：2-plate mold边钉/导边：leader pin/guide pin边司/导套：bushing/guide bushing中托司：shoulder guide bushing中托边：guide pin顶针板：ejector retainer plate托板：support plate螺丝： screw管钉：dowel pin ['da??l]开模槽：ply bar scot内模管位：core/cavity inter-lock顶针：ejector pin司筒：ejector sleeve司筒针：ejector pin推板：stripper plate ?[?str?p?r] 脱漆剂；脱衣舞演员；剥离剂；剥离器缩呵：movable core,return core core puller扣机（尼龙拉勾）：nylon latch lock?['na?.lɑn]:斜顶：lifter模胚（架）： mold base上内模：cavity insert下内模：core insert行位（滑块）： slide镶件：insert压座/斜鸡：wedge耐磨板/油板：wedge wear plate压条：plate撑头: support pillar唧嘴： sprue bushing挡板：stop plate定位圈：locating ring锁扣：latch扣鸡：parting lock set推杆：push bar栓打螺丝：顶板：eracuretun活动臂：lever arm分流锥：spure sperader水口司:bush垃圾钉：stop pin隔片：buffle弹弓柱：spring rod弹弓:die spring中托司：ejector guide bush中托边：ejector guide pin镶针：pin销子：dowel pin波子弹弓：ball catch喉塞:pipeplug锁模块：lockplate斜顶：anglefrompin斜顶杆：angleejectorrod尼龙拉勾：partinglocks活动臂：leverarm复位键、提前回杆：earlyreturnbar气阀：valves斜导边：anglepin术语：terms承压平面平衡：partingsurfacesupportbalance模排气：partinglineventing回针碰料位：returnpinandcavityinterference模总高超出啤机规格：moldbaseshuthight顶针碰运水：waterlineinterfereswithejectorpin料位出上/下模：partfromcavith(core)side模胚原身出料位：cavitydirectcutonA-plate,coredirectcutonB-plate.不准用镶件：Donotuse(core/cavity)insert用铍铜做镶件：useberylliumcopperinsert初步（正式）模图设计：preliinary(final)molddesign反呵：reversecore弹弓压缩量：springcompressedlength稳定性好：goodstability,stable强度不够：insufficientrigidity均匀冷却：evencooling扣模：sticking热膨胀：theroexpansion公差：tolorance铜公(电极）：copperelectrode塑件模具相关英文词汇出处：FanE『翻译中国』作者：(转载) FanE『翻译中国』 2005-12-16 20:41:59electrical discharge machining (EDM) 电火花加工15. electrical insulating property 电绝缘性能16. electrochemical die-sinking machine 电解型腔加工机，电解型腔加工机床17. electrochemical machine (ECM) 电解加工机床，电化学加工机床18. electrochemical machining (ECM) 电解加工，电化学加工19. electro-discharge cutting 电火花加工，电火花切割20. electro-discharge cutting machine 电火花切割机21. electro-discharge machine tool 电火花加工机床22. Electro-discharge Machine 电火花加工机床23. electro-discharge machining 电火花加工24. electro-discharge machining process 电火花加工工艺，电火花加工工序25. epoxy resin 环氧树脂9. guide bushing 导套10. guide pillar 导柱，导杆，导柱11. guide pin 导向销，导杆12. guide pin cover 导柱盖13. guide plate 导料板，导板14. guide plate blanking die 导板式冲裁模，导板式落料模15. guide post 导柱，导柱16. guide stock plate 挡料板4. injection mold 注射模，注塑模5. injection molding 注射成型，注塑成型6. injection-molding machine 注塑机，注射机，注塑成形机7. injection plunger 注射柱塞8. in-line reciprocating screw 联机往复螺杆，串联往复螺杆，直线排列往复螺杆9. inner ram 内滑块10. inserting molding 嵌件成形11. integrated manufacturing 集成制造12. internal stress 内应力13. intermediate platen 中间板，隔板塑料成型模具的主要设计要素脱模距 stripper distance脱模斜度 draft投影面积 projected area最大开距 maximum daylight;open daylight闭合高度 mould-shut height抽芯距 core-pulling distance抽芯力 core-pulling force脱模力 ejector force开模力 mould opening force模内压力 internal mould pressure;cavity pressure成型压力 moulding pressure背压环 back-up ring1 bar =高压接头 bite type fitting液压马达 hydraulic motor冷却水流量计 waterflow regulator打磨器材 abrasive material打磨砂轮 grinding wheels切割砂轮 cutting wheels码模夹(注塑机使用) mould clamps; lifting clamps 小五金工具 piping tools高压力软管 high pressure hose风管,水软管 air .water hose高压油表 pressure gauge压力油喉 hydraulic hoses光塑检测 photoelastic testing吹塑模 plastic blow mould注塑模 plastic injection mould冲扎复合模 blank & form compound die精密冲模 precision blanking die熔料流动率 MFR=melt flow rate熔料流动指数 MET=melt flow index推板导柱 guide pin for ejector plater座板 clamping plate垫块 space block(plate)推板 ejector block(plate)afdek plate 档尘板guide stripe 行位后板cavity sub-insert 前模镶件core sub-insert 后模镶件sprue puller insert 扣针镶件stage ejector 顶棍spacer rock(risers) 间隔板变形 distortion弯曲 warp拖花 drag marks火花纹 EDM marks困气 venting烧黑 burns表面缩水 shrinkage料位过薄/砸穿 thin wall stock走水不平行 uneven fill pattern夹水纹/流纹 witness line;mismatch;stress marks 走水纹 knit lines走水不齐 short shotsorifice 料口nozzle seat 热嘴垫圈nozzle plate 射嘴板cross pin 十字头销sled 射台seal ring 封密圈spacer rail 介子座heater groove 发热管槽heater cement 发热管的结合剂soak 浸泡seat 垫圈ream 铰大圆孔直径grind 磨床drill 钻床mill 铣床caliper 卡尺G-caliper 分厘卡Depth Gauge 深厚计hardness tester 硬度计angle gauge 角规marble table 云台石projector 投影仪height gauge 高度仪microscope 显微镜plug gauge 塞规leveller 水平器R gauge R 规Inter caliper 内分厘卡surface 平面仪item number 细目编码catalog number 材料分类编码undercut lip 倒扣口hot tip = hot drop = nozzle 热嘴blow-off strip 放气板blow-off nozzle 吹风口spiral hose 螺旋式的连接喉rust solvent 除锈剂shaft 曲轴tensile strength 拉伸力yield strength 屈服力spark erosion 电火花蚀刻etch(photo-etch) 电蚀harden 淬硬copper electrode 铜公corrosion resistance 耐腐蚀anneal 退火heat treatment 淬火FEM(finite elemnet method) 有限元法preliminary tool design 初期模具设计图zone 热流道区域reverse taper 倒啤把clamp plate 码板toggle clamp 快速夹vacuum furnace 真空炉cavity insert rounds 圆柱镶件cavity insert b0locks 方柱镶件tensile strength 抗张强度,抗拉强度Concept drawing 概念图Assembly drawing 装配图mismatch;witness line 夹纹shut-off(n.) 枕位venting valves 疏气阀venting plug 疏气塞valve casing 阀门罩twist drill 旋钻harden/nitride 碎硬anneal 退火temper 回火stess crack 应力断裂corrosion resistance 防腐,防锈tensile strength 物】抗张强度,抗拉强度split mould (分离)组合式的模具inclined plate 斜面inclined bolt 斜栓jaw (工具,机械等)夹住东西的部分,钳口step change of the P/L 分形面枕位的改变thin steel section 较薄的料位clean-up 清理,清除,清扫Mold Dating Insert 模具日志镶件Hot Sprue Bushing 热浇口套semi-automatic 半自动quick disconnector 快速断开接头full shot 足量注射mismatch 夹痕;夹水纹ejector mark 顶痕screw boss 螺丝孔,螺丝基座sink mark 缩坑15% glass filled ABS 掺有15%玻璃的ABS spraying mold release 脱模剂drag mark 拖痕stress mark 应力痕reinforcement rib 加强筋slght stoning 轻度磨砂soliid line 实线dotted line 虚线internal diameter 内径external diameter 外径nickel-plated 电镀的handling hole;lifting hole 吊装孔parallel 平行块piston 活塞plunger 柱塞carrier 导轨rest 支架item number 项目编号catalog item 商品目录编码dimensional datum 尺寸基准heat treatment certification 淬硬证明文件back-up bushing 支撑导套jacking screw 起重螺丝,千斤顶tapped hole (带有螺旋角度的)螺丝孔diagonal corner 成对角的角落burn mark 烧痕hot runner mainfold (热流道板)分流板texuring 蚀纹clamping screw (注塑机)码模螺丝imperial 英制的metric 公制的puller bushing 水口套puller bar 水口铁drool bushing 防漏胶套筒safety switch 限位制water line connected internally or hard tubing 不可用胶喉连接运水lifter on square rod or locked from rotation 用方形柱或用管钉止转gate insert 入水镶件gate shut-offs 流道开关配件guided ejection 中托司parting line shutoff 前后模接触面waterlines clear tie bars. 运水喉咀接驳位要避开啤机呵林柱.BGV=Balanced Gate Value 平衡入水值spacer 垫块pocket 挖槽rough 粗加工finish 精加工plunge rate 进刀率retract rate 提刀速率splindle rate 主轴转速coolant 冷却液SPLIT RING 开口环(钥匙圈)侧向抽芯力 side pulling-core force转图guide pin 边针Tee slot cutter T形SLOT CUTTERzigzag 双向切削constant overlap spiral 等距环切parallel spiral 环绕切削parallel spiral clean corners 环切并清角morph spiral 依外形环绕true spiral 螺旋切削one way 单向end mill 平铣刀spher mill 球刀bull mill 圆鼻刀face mill 面铣刀rad mill 圆角成型刀chamfer mill 倒角刀slot mill 槽刀taper mill 推拔铣刀dove mill 鸠尾铣刀lot mill 棒状drill 钻孔reamer 纹刀bore bar 搪刀tap RH 右牙刀Tap LH 左牙刀ctr Drill 中心钻spot drill 点钻cntr bore 沉头孔刀c. sink 鱼眼孔钻loft surface 举升曲面coons surface 昆氏曲面ruled surface 直纹曲面revolved surface 旋转曲面swept surface 扫描曲面draft surface 牵引曲面grinding wheel 磨砂使用的轮子quench steel 将...淬火,使冷却stress relieving 应力消除molten 熔热的oxide film 氧化层guide pin and sleeve, locating ring ,导边,司筒,定位圈ejector ,ejector balde, ejector sleeve,顶针,扁顶针,顶针司筒, lifters, wear plate,horn pin,斜坊,磨损板,气顶针,O ring, water baffle, water pipe plug,O形圈,隔片,运水管道塞, water line connector,wear plate ,运水管道转接头,耐磨板air cylinder,hydraulic cylinder,氯压缸,液压缸micro switch,oil nipple, spring,开关装置,油枪接头,弹弓sprue bushing,early return system,浇口套,早期回撞装置, accelerated ejectors, slied holder,加速顶针,注塑周期计数器, cycle counter,date stamper，滑块固定板,生产日期铭牌,hot runner system ，热流道系统chemical composition 化学成份thermal conductiivity 导热性能thermal diffusivity 热扩散性能dimensonal stablity 尺寸稳定性能cooling effiency 冷却效率easiler ejection 易于脱模alloy insert 合金镶件(cooling) duct 输送管;导管maintenance cost 维护费用ultrasonic testing 超声波检测crack 断裂direct gate 直接浇口ring gate 环形浇口disk gate;disphragm gate 盘形浇口spoke gate;spider gate 轮辐浇口pin-point gate 点浇口edge gate 侧浇口submarine gate;tunnel gate 潜伏浇口fan gate 扇形浇口tab gate 护耳浇口runner plate 流道板(或冷或热)secondary nozzle 二级喷嘴torpedo;torpedo body assembly 鱼雷形组合体catridge heater 管式加热器heat pipe 热管valve gate 阀式浇口force plunger;pot plunger 柱塞flash groove;spew groove 溢料槽impression;cavity block;cavity plate 凹模punch;force 凸模movable insert;loose detail 活动镶件cavity splits;core splits(凹模拼块) (型芯拼块) 拼块side core 侧型芯thread plug;threaded core 螺纹型芯thread ring;threaded cavity 螺纹型环cutting wheel 切割砂轮grinding wheel 打磨砂轮abrasive material 打磨器材mould clamps;lifting clamp 砂模夹(注塑机使用)air (water) hose 风管,水轮管pressure gauge 高压油表hydraulic hose 压力油喉plastic blow mould 吹塑模plastic injection mould 注塑模blandk&form compound die 冲扎复合模precisiion blanking die 精密冲模MFR=melt flow rate 熔料流动率MFT=melt flow index 熔料流动指数handling hole 拉铃孔stop plate 限位块linder bush 衬套spacer block(plate) 垫块,方铁back-up ring 背位环standoff 限位块American Safety Hoist Rings. 英制安全吊装环Mechanical Properties 机械性能Tensile Strength(MPa) 抗拉强度elongation 延伸率hardness(Brinell) 硬度shear stength(MPa) 剪切力impact strength 冲韧性Physical Properties 物理性能solidification shrinkage 凝固收缩率freezing range 凝固与熔范围thermal expansion 热膨胀系数specific heat 比热thermal conductivity 热导率electrical conductivity 电导率micro-structure 金相分析hot work tool steel 热作钢circular motion 环形运动variable 变数,参数graphics window 图形窗口45 degree entry and a zero degree exit. 进刀口45度,退刀口0度runner stripper plate 脱料板stripper plate 活动板spacer rock(risers) 间隔板stage ejector 顶棍sprue puller insert 扣针导套guide strip 行位后板afdek plate 挡尘板side gate 大水口pinpoint gate 细水口SHCS 杯头螺丝FHCS 平头螺丝set screw 无头螺丝ball catch 波子螺丝wedge 行位较杯gib 线条,(撑鸡的导轨)latch 拉杆clamp 码仔spring guide pin 弹弓导柱steel pad disc 橙仔方ejector cam insert 斜顶块(screw) nut 螺母taper 嗲把/ 斜度taper interlock 嗲把锁texture 花纹toggle-lok 回撞装置top clamping plate 顶码板unified national coarse (UNC) 美制螺丝(粗牙) unified national fine (UNF) 美制螺丝(幼牙) set screw 喷头螺丝side gate 大水口slide retainer 行位管位water junction 喉咀spacer block 登仔jiffy-matic socket 喉咀套jiffy-tite plug 喉咀公spring plunger 弹弓座sprue puller 勾针/勾粒spring washer 弹簧塑圈stepped ejector pin 有托顶针strippers plate 推板/细水口板submarine gate 潜水口support pin 拉杆support plate 暗板surface finish 光洁度alignment strip 斜锁angle pin 斜针fan gate 扇形入水fillet 圆口ball catch 弹弓波子blade ejector 扁顶bottom clamping plate 底码板free length 自然长度bridge piece 水口铁helix spindle 锅杆hose clip 水喉箍bubbler 隔气运水jiggle 斜顶jiggle witness line 斜顶片位置center distance (CRS) 山打距离(中心线距离)clamp 码仔contour 外形leader pin 导针location ring(flange) 法兰counterbore 拔头,介子托mock-up;prototype 手办die cast 合金压铸national pipe thread(NPT) 美制喉牙overflow 垃圾位ejection sleeve 司筒,顶套epoxy 胶样pin point gate 细水口pressure plug 喉塞pressure spring 压力弹簧parting line flash 披锋burned 烧黑underfilled 缺料insert mismatch 镶件夹口ejector pins not flush 顶针有高低ejector pins skid 顶针滑动insert flash 镶件披锋pressure transducer 压力探测头hydraulic schematic 油积筒油路接驳图jiffy connector recessed 安装喉嘴后不可突出模胚knock out pullback stud -flush with clamp plate 顶棍镶件与底板有否空间safety switches 限位开关stop block 限位块safety strap 安全带drool bushing 防漏胶套筒insert mismatch 镶件夹口EDM visible 明显火花纹lifter scrapes 斜顶拖花short shots 走水不齐wall stock 料位厚薄knit lines 走水纹stress marks 夹水纹uneven fill pattern 走水不平行drag marks 拖花sprue pretrusion 唧嘴突出高度sprue orifice and radil size 唧嘴R尺寸sprue bushing-keyed 唧嘴有管钉English Chineseprogram name 产口名称part name 零件名称tool name 模具名称tool source 模具来源tool steel 模具钢材resin 塑料program number 产品编号part number 零件编号tool number 模具编号customer 客户名称No of cavities 内模编号machine size 啤机吨数drum miller 鼓形铣床duplex horizontal miller 复式卧铣床face miller 端面铣床grinding miller 研磨机plain miller 平面铣床planer-type miller 刨式铣床rack miller 齿条铣床slab miller 大型平面铣床slot miller 键槽铣刀spline miller 花键铣刀thread miller 螺纹铣刀vertical miller 立式铣刀,立辊,立辊轧机endmill 立铣刀plastic mould steel 塑料模钢cold work steel 冷作钢hot work steel 热作钢high speed steel 高速钢electric magnetic clutch 电磁离合器pad printer 移印机screen printer 丝印机hot stamper 烫印机solid carbide slitting saw 钻石钢锯片convex cutter 凸锣刀片concave cutter 凹锣刀片side&face cutters,staggered teeth 正侧双用镶钻石钢锣刀end-mill 锣刀semi-rod 半圆刀split double end 双头刀single end 单头刀2-flute 两辨3-flute 三辨4-flute 四辨reamer 直拈centre drill 中心钻solid carbide drill 钻咀zinc ingot 锌锭aluminium ignot 铝锭tin ignot 锡锭heater cement 发热管的结合剂heater groove 发热管槽spacer rail 介子座cross pin 十字头销nozzle plate 射嘴板nozzle seat 热嘴addendum 齿冠dedendum 齿根air compressor 空气压缩机air exhauster 抽气机air intake 进气口air seal 空气隔离层。
机械常用词汇中英文对照
热处理常用词汇中英文对照热处理常用词汇中英文对照 indication 缺陷 test specimen 试样bar 棒材stock 原料billet 方钢，钢方坯bloom 钢坯,钢锭section 型材steel ingot 钢锭blank 坯料，半成品cast steel 铸钢nodular cast iron 球墨铸铁ductile cast iron 球墨铸铁bronze 青铜brass 黄铜copper 合金stainless steel不锈钢decarburization 脱碳scale 氧化皮anneal 退火process anneal 进行退火quenching 淬火normalizing 正火Charpy impact text 夏比冲击试验fatigue 疲劳tensile testing 拉伸试验solution 固溶处理aging 时效处理Vickers hardness维氏硬度Rockwell hardness 洛氏硬度Brinell hardness 布氏硬度hardness tester硬度计descale 除污，除氧化皮等ferrite 铁素体austenite 奥氏体martensite马氏体cementite 渗碳体iron carbide 渗碳体solid solution 固溶体sorbite 索氏体bainite 贝氏体pearlite 珠光体nodular fine pearlite/ troostite屈氏体black oxide coating 发黑grain 晶粒chromium 铬cadmium 镉tungsten 钨molybdenum 钼manganese 锰vanadium 钒molybdenum 钼silicon 硅sulfer/sulphur 硫phosphor/ phosphorus 磷nitrided 氮化的case hardening 表面硬化，表面淬硬air cooling 空冷furnace cooling 炉冷oil cooling 油冷electrocladding /plating 电镀brittleness 脆性strength 强度rigidity 刚性,刚度creep 蠕变deflection 挠度elongation 延伸率yield strength 屈服强度elastoplasticity 弹塑性metallographic structure 金相组织metallographic test 金相试验carbon content 含碳量induction hardening 感应淬火impedance matching 感应淬火hardening and tempering 调质crack 裂纹shrinkage 缩孔，疏松forging 锻（件）casting 铸（件）rolling 轧（件）drawing 拉（件）shot blasting 喷丸（处理）grit blasting 喷钢砂（处理）sand blasting 喷砂（处理）carburizing 渗碳nitriding 渗氮ageing/aging 时效grain size 晶粒度pore 气孔sonim 夹砂cinder inclusion 夹渣lattice晶格abrasion/abrasive/rub/wear/wearing resistance (property) 耐磨性 spectrum analysis光谱分析heat/thermal treatment 热处理inclusion 夹杂物segregation 偏析picking 酸洗，酸浸residual stress 残余应力remaining stress 残余应力relaxation of residual stress 消除残余应力stress relief 应力释放械类常用英语：常用加工机械械类常用英语：常用加工机械3D coordinate measurement 三次元量床boring machine 搪孔机cnc milling machine CNC铣床contouring machine 轮廓锯床copy grinding machine 仿形磨床copy lathe 仿形车床copy milling machine 仿形铣床copy shaping machine 仿形刨床cylindrical grinding machine 外圆磨床die spotting machine 合模机drilling machine ?孔机engraving machine 雕刻机engraving E.D.M. 雕模放置加工机form grinding machine 成形磨床graphite machine 石墨加工机horizontal boring machine 卧式搪孔机horizontal machine center 卧式加工制造中心internal cylindrical machine 内圆磨床jig boring machine 冶具搪孔机jig grinding machine 冶具磨床lap machine 研磨机machine center 加工制造中心multi model miller 靠磨铣床NC drilling machine NC钻床NC grinding machine NC磨床NC lathe NC车床NC programming system NC程式制作系统planer 龙门刨床profile grinding machine 投影磨床projection grinder 投影磨床radial drilling machine 旋臂?床shaper 牛头刨床surface grinder 平面磨床try machine 试模机turret lathe 转塔车床universal tool grinding machine 万能工具磨床vertical machine center 立式加工制造中心wire E.D.M. 线割放电加工机机械术语中英文对照(二)Bending: 挠曲witness test订货人在场的试验Welding: 焊接Threading: 车缧纹Leveling：校平color identification 彩色识别Alignment：对准,定位调整check against 检查, 核对Fixing：固定Console：控制台cubicle室,箱audit 审计material certificate.材料合格证vertical panel竖直面板power distribution panel 配电盘gauge board仪表板beveling 磨斜棱,磨斜边local panel 现场配电盘grouting 灌浆fabrication 加工,制造instrument rack 计测器支架tank gauge 液面计flushing 冲洗，填缝analyzer分析器piping管道敷设tubing敷设管道cable fitting电缆配件elbow.弯管接头main pipe 主管道bend.弯管弯头solvent 溶剂postweld heat treatment 焊后热处理jig.夹具arc gouging 电弧刨削chipping修琢machining 机械加工bridges.管式桥clamp.夹钳tack welding 点焊butt welding 对接焊grinder. 磨床commencement.开始gusset plate角撑板, 加固板process pipe 工艺管道land 纹间表面tee 三通管丁字钢T形梁opening 开口reinforcing pad.补强垫,增强衬板flux 焊剂wet developer 湿显像剂blowhole气泡,气孔inclusion 杂质imperfection 缺陷limitation 限度valve 阀,闸门structural attachment 结构附件tapered allowance 削尖余量tack welding 平头焊接sputter 喷溅scale 废料lateral translation侧向平移weld joint 焊缝, 焊接接头plug.塞fusion 熔融base material基底材料lead foil 铅箔intensifying screen 增光屏, 光增强屏pressure test.压力试验film density.影片密度line number行数leak test漏泄试验plate thickness 筛板厚度restoration修理field fabricated 工地制造的,现场装配的junction box.接线盒flow sheet 流程图vent 放气孔, 通风孔drain 排水管instrument air仪表气源blind挡板pipe arrangement 管配置civil engineer.土木工程师bus duct 母线槽substation分站flow instrument 流量计power distribution panel 配电盘level instrument 位面计, 水平仪pressure instrument 压力仪表/压力计level switch (信号)电平开关,gage glass 液位玻璃管pilot tube指示灯line check 小检修recalibration.复校,重新校准blinding plate盲板expansion joint 伸缩接头hydrostatic pressure test静水压试验pneumatic pressure 气压scaffolding脚手架check valve止回阀liquid penetrant examination液体渗透探伤test pump试验泵witnessed inspections 现场检测hanger吊架control valve控制阀,fabrication drawing 制造图纸,制作图schedule number表示管壁厚度系列的号码hydrostatic test .流体静力学试验,水压试验design pressure 设计压力disposition notice 处罚通知书pipe stanchion 管支柱bellow type 波纹管式expansion joint 伸缩接头vibration stopper：减震器subcontractor 转包商WPS Works Process Specification 典型工艺规程piping.管道系统flange.凸缘sleeve 套筒ferritic .铁素体的identification mark 识别标志stencil.模绘片版,镂花模板stamping .冲压silicone paint硅树脂油漆weld bead 焊缝automatic temperature recorder 温度自动记录器penetrameter 透度计film viewer底片观察用光源civil works土建工程，建筑工程lump sum price 混合价格,统包价格scrap material废料caulking metal填隙合金[金属](材料) application drawing操作图, 应用图cable routing电缆路由选择channel bases沟渠基底vertical panel竖直面板local panel 现场配电盘power distribution panel 配电盘gauge board样板, 模板规准尺anchor bolt 锚定螺栓expansion bolt 伸缩栓, 扩开螺栓field instrument.携带式仪表instrument rack 计测器支架,计测器框架tank gauge 油箱液位计guide wire 尺度[定距]索,准绳name plate名牌, 商标lead pipe铅管take-off valve输出阀sub-header分联箱air header 集气管pneumatic signal气动信号steam trace 加热蒸汽管道electric heat tracing.电伴随加热cable trunk 电缆管道stop end封端fire barriers防火间隔bonding wire 接合线, 焊线conduit box [电]导管分线匣rigid conduits 刚性导管flexible conduit软管conduit entry 导管引入装置road crossing duct bank平交道口管道组Capping ends顶盖末端cable armor电缆铠装Cable sheath电缆包皮层sealing compound电缆膏coaxial cable同轴电缆loop test环路测试sequence test.联锁顺序试验lintel beam 水平横楣梁flash plate闪熔镀层anchor bolt 地脚螺栓expansion bolt伸缩栓, 扩开螺栓shim plate 垫板push button station按钮式控制站logic diagram逻辑图calculation sheet计算书flow instrument流量计level instrument 位面计, 水平仪layout drawing 布置图tie band捆扎用带材Heating boxes加热室cutting opening切孔control valve actuator 阀控传动机构air set空气中凝固, 常温自硬自然硬化solenoid valve.螺线管阀,电磁阀calorimeter热量计odometer历程标tachometer转速计chronometer精密计时表机械工具词汇中英文对照扳子spanner (美作:wrench)双头扳子double-ended spanner活扳子,活络扳手adjustable spanner, monkey wrench 管钳子box spanner (美作:socket wrench)卡规calipers夹钳pincers, tongs剪子shears钢锯hacksaw剪线钳wire cutters万能手钳multipurpose pliers, universal pliers可调手钳adjustable pliers冲子punch钻drill卡盘chuck三角刮刀scraper扩孔钻reamer孔径规calliper gauge铆钉rivet螺母nut自锁螺母,防松螺母locknut螺栓bolt销钉pin, peg, dowel垫圈washerU形钉staple油壶oil can工作服jack注油枪grease gun机械加工抛光polishing安装to assemble衬套bushing半机械化semi-mechanization; semi-mechanized 半自动滚刀磨床semi-automatic hob grinder半自动化semi-automation; semi-automatic扳手wrench备件spare parts边刨床side planer变速箱transmission gear柄轴arbor部件units; assembly parts插床slotting machine拆卸to disassemble超高速内圆磨床ultra-high-speed internal grinder 车床lathe; turning lathe车刀lathe tool车轮车床car wheel lathe车削turning车轴axle模具工程常用词汇die 模具figure file, chart file图档cutting die, blanking die冲裁模progressive die, follow (-on)die连续模compound die复合模punched hole冲孔panel board镶块to cutedges=side cut=side scrap切边to bending折弯to pull, to stretch拉伸Line streching, line pulling线拉伸engraving, to engrave刻印upsiding down edges翻边to stake铆合designing, to design设计design modification设计变化die block模块folded block折弯块sliding block滑块location pin定位销lifting pin顶料销die plate, front board模板padding block垫块stepping bar垫条upper die base上模座lower die base下模座upper supporting blank上承板upper padding plate blank上垫板spare dies模具备品spring 弹簧bolt螺栓document folder文件夹file folder资料夹to put file in order整理资料spare tools location手工备品仓first count初盘人first check初盘复棹人second count 复盘人second check复盘复核人equipment设备waste materials废料work in progress product在制品casing = containerazation装箱quantity of physical invetory second count 复盘点数量quantity of customs count会计师盘,点数量the first page第一联filed by accounting department for reference会计部存查end-user/using unit(department)使用单位summary of year-end physical inventory bills年终盘点截止单据汇总表bill name单据名称This sheet and physical inventory list will be sent to accounting department together (Those of NHK will be sent to financial department)本表请与盘点清册一起送会计部－(NHK厂区送财会部)Application status records of year-end physical inventory List and physical inventory card 年终盘点卡与清册使用－状况明细表blank and waste sheet NO.空白与作废单号plate电镀mold成型material for engineering mold testing工程试模材料not included in physical inventory不列入盘点sample样品incoming material to be inspected进货待验description品名steel/rolled steel钢材material statistics sheet物料统计明细表meeting minutes会议记录meeting type 会别distribution department分发单位location地点chairman主席present members出席人员subject主题conclusion结论decision items决议事项responsible department负责单位pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日approved by / checked by / prepared by核准/审核/承办PCE assembly production schedule sheetPCE组装厂生产排配表model机锺work order工令revision版次remark备注production control confirmation生产确认checked by初审approved by核准department部门stock age analysis sheet库存货龄分析表on-hand inventory现有库存available material良品可使用obsolete material良品已呆滞to be inspected or reworked待验或重工total合计cause description原因说明part number/ P/N 料号type形态item/group/class类别quality品质prepared by制表notes说明year-end physical inventory difference analysis sheet年终盘点差异分析表physical inventory盘点数量physical count quantity帐面数量difference quantity差异量cause analysis原因分析raw materials原料materials物料finished product成品semi-finished product半成品packing materials包材good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-good parts不良品disposed goods处理品warehouse/hub仓库on way location在途仓oversea location海外仓spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清单spare molds location模具备品仓skid/pallet栈板tox machine自铆机wire EDM线割EDM放电机coil stock卷料sheet stock片料tolerance工差score=groove压线cam block滑块pilot导正筒trim剪外边pierce剪内边drag form压锻差pocket for the punch head挂钩槽slug hole废料孔feature die公母模expansion dwg展开图radius半径shim(wedge)楔子torch-flame cut火焰切割set screw止付螺丝form block折刀stop pin定位销round pierce punch=die button圆冲子shape punch=die insert异形子stock locater block定位块under cut=scrap chopper清角active plate活动板baffle plate挡块cover plate盖板male die公模female die母模groove punch压线冲子air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block衬套insert 入块club car高尔夫球车capability能力parameter参数factor系数phosphate皮膜化成viscosity涂料粘度alkalidipping脱脂main manifold主集流脉bezel斜视规blanking穿落模dejecting顶固模demagnetization去磁;消磁high-speed transmission高速传递heat dissipation热传rack上料degrease脱脂rinse水洗alkaline etch龄咬desmut剥黑膜D.I. rinse纯水次Chromate铬酸处理Anodize阳性处理seal封孔revision版次part number/P/N料号good products良品scraped products报放心品defective products不良品finished products成品disposed products处理品barcode条码flow chart流程表单assembly组装stamping冲压molding成型spare parts=buffer备品coordinate座标dismantle the die折模auxiliary fuction辅助功能poly-line多义线heater band 加热片thermocouple热电偶sand blasting喷沙grit 砂砾derusting machine除锈机degate打浇口dryer烘干机induction感应induction light感应光response=reaction=interaction感应ram连杆edge finder巡边器concave凸convex凹short射料不足nick缺口speck瑕??shine亮班splay 银纹gas mark焦痕delamination起鳞cold slug冷块blush 导色gouge沟槽;凿槽satin texture段面咬花witness line证示线patent专利grit沙砾granule=peuet=grain细粒grit maker抽粒机cushion缓冲magnalium镁铝合金magnesium镁金metal plate钣金lathe车mill锉plane刨grind磨drill钻boring镗blinster气泡fillet镶;嵌边through-hole form通孔形式voller pin formality滚针形式cam driver铡楔shank摸柄crank shaft曲柄轴augular offset角度偏差velocity速度production tempo生产进度现状torque扭矩spline=the multiple keys花键quenching淬火tempering回火annealing退火carbonization碳化alloy合金tungsten high speed steel钨高速的moly high speed steel钼高速的organic solvent有机溶剂bracket小磁导liaison联络单volatile挥发性resistance电阻ion离子titrator滴定仪beacon警示灯coolant冷却液crusher破碎机模具工程类plain die简易模pierce die冲孔模forming die成型模progressive die连续模gang dies复合模shearing die剪边模riveting die铆合模pierce冲孔forming成型(抽凸,冲凸) draw hole抽孔bending折弯trim切边emboss凸点dome凸圆semi-shearing半剪stamp mark冲记号deburr or coin压毛边punch riveting冲压铆合side stretch侧冲压平reel stretch卷圆压平groove压线blanking下料stamp letter冲字(料号) shearing剪断tick-mark nearside正面压印tick-mark farside反面压印extension dwg展开图procedure dwg工程图die structure dwg模具结构图material材质material thickness料片厚度factor系数upward向上downward向下press specification冲床规格die height range适用模高die height闭模高度burr毛边gap间隙weight重量total wt.总重量punch wt.上模重量五金零件类inner guiding post内导柱inner hexagon screw内六角螺钉dowel pin固定销coil spring弹簧lifter pin顶料销eq-height sleeves=spool等高套筒pin销lifter guide pin浮升导料销guide pin导正销wire spring圆线弹簧outer guiding post外导柱stop screw止付螺丝located pin定位销outer bush外导套模板类top plate上托板（顶板）top block上垫脚punch set上模座punch pad上垫板punch holder上夹板stripper pad脱料背板up stripper上脱料板male die公模(凸模)feature die公母模female die母模(凹模)upper plate上模板lower plate下模板die pad下垫板die holder下夹板die set下模座bottom block下垫脚bottom plate下托板(底板)stripping plate内外打(脱料板)outer stripper外脱料板inner stripper内脱料板lower stripper下脱料板零件类punch冲头insert入块(嵌入件)deburring punch压毛边冲子groove punch压线冲子stamped punch字模冲子round punch圆冲子special shape punch异形冲子bending block折刀roller滚轴baffle plate挡块located block定位块supporting block for location定位支承块air cushion plate气垫板air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆trimming punch切边冲子stiffening rib punch = stinger 加强筋冲子ribbon punch压筋冲子reel-stretch punch卷圆压平冲子guide plate定位板sliding block滑块sliding dowel block滑块固定块active plate活动板lower sliding plate下滑块板upper holder block上压块upper mid plate上中间板spring box弹簧箱spring-box eject-rod弹簧箱顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing bolck衬套cover plate盖板guide pad导料块塑件&模具相关英文compre sion molding压缩成型flash mold溢流式模具plsitive mold挤压式模具split mold分割式模具cavity型控母模core模心公模taper锥拔leather cloak仿皮革shiver饰纹flow mark流痕welding mark溶合痕post screw insert螺纹套筒埋值self tapping screw自攻螺丝striper plate脱料板piston活塞cylinder汽缸套chip细碎物handle mold手持式模具移转成型用模具encapsulation molding低压封装成型射出成型用模具two plate两极式（模具）well type蓄料井insulated runner绝缘浇道方式hot runner热浇道runner plat浇道模块valve gate阀门浇口band heater环带状的电热器spindle阀针spear head刨尖头slag well冷料井cold slag冷料渣air vent排气道h=0.02~0.05mmw=3.2mmL=3~5mmwelding line熔合痕eject pin顶出针knock pin顶出销return pin回位销反顶针sleave套筒stripper plate脱料板insert core放置入子runner stripper plate浇道脱料板guide pin导销eject rod (bar)（成型机）顶业捧subzero深冷处理three plate三极式模具runner system浇道系统stress crack应力电裂orientation定向sprue gate射料浇口，直浇口nozzle射嘴sprue lock pin料头钩销(拉料杆) slag well冷料井side gate侧浇口edge gate侧缘浇口tab gate搭接浇口film gate薄膜浇口flash gate闸门浇口slit gate缝隙浇口fan gate扇形浇口dish gate因盘形浇口H=F=1/2t~1/5tT=2.5~3.5mmdiaphragm gate隔膜浇口ring gate环形浇口subarine gate潜入式浇口tunnel gate隧道式浇口pin gate针点浇口Φ0.8~1.0mmRunner less无浇道(sprue less)无射料管方式long nozzle延长喷嘴方式sprue浇口;溶渣组装、冲压、喷漆等专业词汇Assembly line组装线Layout布置图Conveyer流水线物料板Rivet table拉钉机Rivet gun拉钉枪Screw driver起子Electric screw driver电动起子Pneumatic screw driver气动起子worktable 工作桌OOBA开箱检查fit together组装在一起fasten锁紧(螺丝)fixture 夹具(治具)pallet栈板barcode条码barcode scanner条码扫描器fuse together熔合fuse machine热熔机repair修理operator作业员QC品管supervisor 课长ME制造工程师MT制造生技（生产技术）cosmetic inspect外观检查inner parts inspect内部检查thumb screw大头螺丝lbs. inch镑、英寸EMI gasket导电条front plate前板rear plate后板chassis 基座bezel panel面板power button电源按键reset button重置键Hi-pot test of SPS高源高压测试Voltage switch of SPS电源电压接拉键sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts塑胶件SOP制造作业程序material check list物料检查表work cell工作间trolley台车carton纸箱sub-line支线left fork叉车personnel resource department人力资源部personnel [ ]1. (总称)人员,员工 2. 人事部门;人事课(或室等)production department生产部门planning department企划部QC Section品管科stamping factory冲压厂painting factory烤漆厂molding factory成型厂common equipment常用设备uncoiler and straightener整平机punching machine 冲床robot机械手hydraulic machine油压机lathe车床planer |'plein|刨床miller铣床grinder磨床driller??床linear cutting线切割electrical sparkle电火花welder电焊机staker=reviting machine铆合机position职务president董事长general manager总经理special assistant manager特助factory director厂长department director部长deputy manager | =vice manager副理section supervisor课长deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长group leader/supervisor组长line supervisor线长assistant manager助理to move, to carry, to handle搬运be put in storage入库pack packing包装to apply oil擦油to file burr 锉毛刺final inspection终检to connect material接料to reverse material 翻料wet station沾湿台Tiana天那水cleaning cloth抹布to load material上料to unload material卸料to return material/stock to退料scraped |'skræpid|报废scrape ..v.刮;削deficient purchase来料不良manufacture procedure制程deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良oxidation |' ksi'dei n|氧化scratch刮伤dents压痕defective upsiding down抽芽不良defective to staking铆合不良embedded lump镶块feeding is not in place送料不到位stamping-missing漏冲production capacity生产力education and training教育与训练proposal improvement提案改善spare parts=buffer备件forklift叉车trailer=long vehicle拖板车compound die合模die locker锁模器pressure plate=plate pinch压板bolt螺栓name of a department部门名称administration/general affairs dept总务部automatic screwdriver电动启子thickness gauge厚薄规gauge(or jig)治具power wire电源线buzzle蜂鸣器defective product label不良标签identifying sheet list标示单screwdriver holder起子插座pedal踩踏板stopper阻挡器flow board流水板hydraulic handjack油压板车forklift叉车pallet栈板glove(s)手套glove(s) with exposed fingers割手套thumb大拇指forefinger食指midfinger中指ring finger无名指little finger小指band-aid创可贴iudustrial alcohol工业酒精alcohol container沾湿台head of screwdriver起子头sweeper扫把mop拖把vaccum cleaner吸尘器rag 抹布garbage container灰箕garbage can垃圾箱garbage bag垃圾袋chain链条jack升降机production line流水线chain链条槽magnetizer加磁器lamp holder灯架to mop the floor拖地to clean the floor扫地to clean a table擦桌子air pipe 气管packaging tool打包机packaging打包missing part漏件wrong part错件excessive defects过多的缺陷critical defect极严重缺陷major defect主要缺陷minor defect次要缺陷not up to standard不合规格dimension/size is a little bigger尺寸偏大(小) cosmetic defect外观不良slipped screwhead/slippery screw head螺丝滑头slipped screwhead/shippery screw thread滑手speckle斑点mildewed=moldy=mouldy发霉rust生锈deformation变形burr(金属)flash(塑件)毛边poor staking铆合不良excesssive gap间隙过大grease/oil stains油污inclusion杂质painting peel off脏污shrinking/shrinkage缩水mixed color杂色scratch划伤poor processing 制程不良poor incoming part事件不良fold of pakaging belt打包带折皱painting make-up补漆discoloration羿色water spots水渍polishing/surface processing表面处理exposed metal/bare metal金属裸露lack of painting烤漆不到位safety安全quality品质delivery deadline交货期cost成本engineering工程die repair模修enterprise plan = enterprise expansion projects企划QC品管die worker模工production, to produce生产equipment设备to start a press开机stop/switch off a press关机classification整理regulation整顿cleanness清扫conservation清洁culture教养qualified products, up-to-grade products良品defective products, not up-to-grade products不良品waste废料board看板feeder送料机sliding rack滑料架defective product box不良品箱die change 换模to fix a die装模to take apart a die拆模to repair a die修模packing material包材basket蝴蝶竺plastic basket胶筐isolating plate baffle plate; barricade隔板carton box纸箱to pull and stretch拉深to put material in place, to cut material, to input落料to impose lines压线to compress, compressing压缩character die字模to feed, feeding送料transportation运输(be)qualfied, up to grade合格not up to grade, not qualified不合格material change, stock change材料变更feature change 特性变更evaluation评估prepare for, make preparations for 准备parameters参数rotating speed, revolution转速manufacture management制造管理abnormal handling异常处理production unit生产单位lots of production生产批量steel plate钢板roll material卷料manufacture procedure制程operation procedure作业流程to revise, modify修订to switch over to, switch---to throw--over switching over切换engineering, project difficulty工程瓶颈stage die工程模automation自动化to stake, staking, reviting铆合add lubricating oil加润滑油shut die架模shut height of a die架模高度analog-mode device类模器die lifter举模器argon welding氩焊vocabulary for stamping冲压常词汇stamping, press冲压punch press, dieing out press冲床uncoiler & strainghtener整平机feeder送料机rack, shelf, stack料架cylinder油缸robot机械手taker取料机conveyer belt输送带transmission rack输送架top stop上死点bottom stop下死点one stroke一行程inch寸动to continue, cont.连动to grip(material)吸料location lump, locating piece, block stop 定位块reset复位smoothly顺利dent压痕scratch刮伤deformation变形filings铁削to draw holes抽孔inquiry, search for查寻to stock, storage, in stock库存receive领取approval examine and verify审核processing, to process加工delivery, to deliver 交货to return delivenry to.to send delinery backto retrn of goods退货registration登记registration card登记卡to control管制to put forward and hand in提报safe stock安全库存acceptance = receive验收to notice通知application form for purchase请购单consume, consumption消耗to fill in填写abrasion磨损reverse angle = chamfer倒角character die字模to collect, to gather收集failure, trouble故障statistics统计demand and supply需求career card履历卡to take apart a die卸下模具to load a die装上模具to tight a bolt拧紧螺栓to looser a bolt拧松螺栓to move away a die plate移走模板easily damaged parts易损件standard parts标准件breaking.(be)broken,(be)cracked 断裂to lubricate润滑common vocabulary for die engineering 金属切削metal cutting机床machine tool金属工艺学technology of metals刀具cutter电路circuit半导体元件semiconductor element反馈feedback发生器generator直流电源DC electrical source门电路gate circuit逻辑代数logic algebra逻辑电路logic circuit触发器flip-flop脉冲波形pulse shape数模digital analogy液压传动机构fluid drive mechanism 机械零件mechanical parts摩擦friction联结link传动drive/transmission轴shaft弹性elasticity频率特性frequency characteristic误差error响应response定位allocation机床夹具jig动力学dynamic运动学kinematic静力学static分析力学analyse mechanics拉伸pulling压缩hitting剪切shear扭转twist弯曲应力bending stress强度intensity三相交流电three-phase AC磁路magnetic circles变压器transformer异步电动机asynchronous motor几何形状geometrical精度precision正弦形的sinusoid交流电路AC circuit机械加工余量machining allowance 变形力deforming force变形deformation应力stress硬度rigidity热处理heat treatment退火anneal正火normalizing脱碳decarburization渗碳carburization淬火冷却quench淬火hardening回火tempering调质hardening and tempering 磨粒abrasive grain结合剂bonding agent砂轮grinding wheel外圆磨削external grinding内圆磨削internal grinding平面磨削plane grinding变速箱gearbox离合器clutch绞孔fraising绞刀reamer螺纹加工thread processing螺钉screw铣削mill铣刀milling cutter功率power工件workpiece齿轮加工gear mechining齿轮gear主运动main movement主运动方向direction of main movement进给方向direction of feed进给运动feed movement合成进给运动resultant movement of feed合成切削运动resultant movement of cutting合成切削运动方向direction of resultant movement of cutting 切削深度cutting depth前刀面rake face刀尖nose of tool前角rake angle后角clearance angle龙门刨削planing主轴spindle主轴箱headstock卡盘chuck加工中心machining center车刀lathe tool车床lathe钻削镗削bore车削turning磨床grinder基准benchmark钳工locksmith锻forge压模stamping焊weld拉床broaching machine拉孔broaching装配assembling铸造found流体动力学fluid dynamics流体力学fluid mechanics加工machining液压hydraulic pressure切线tangent机电一体化mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration 气压air pressure pneumatic pressure稳定性stability介质medium液压驱动泵fluid clutch液压泵hydraulic pump阀门valve失效invalidation强度intensity载荷load应力stress安全系数safty factor可靠性reliability螺纹thread螺旋helix键spline销pin滚动轴承rolling bearing滑动轴承sliding bearing弹簧spring制动器arrester brake十字结联轴节crosshead联轴器coupling链chain皮带strap精加工finish machining粗加工rough machining变速箱体gearbox casing腐蚀rust氧化oxidation磨损wear耐用度durability随机信号random signal离散信号discrete signal超声传感器ultrasonic sensor 集成电路integrate circuit挡板orifice plate。
摩氏硬度表 Mohs Hardness Scale
摩氏硬度表Mohs Hardness Scale摩氏硬度计矿物的硬度是指矿物抵抗外来机械作用力(如刻画、压入、研磨等)侵入的能力。
早在1822年，Friedrich mohs提出用10种矿物来衡量世界上最硬的和最软的物体，这是所谓的摩氏硬度计。
按照他们的软硬程度分为十级：1、滑石6、正长石2、石膏7、石英3、方解石8、黄玉4、萤石9、刚玉5、磷灰石10、金刚石各级之间硬度的差异不是均等的，等级之间只表示硬度的相对大小。
操作方法：选择被测样品的尖锐位置。
在已知硬度的平面型矿物硬度计平面进行刻划，刻划硬度的测试由低至高依次进行。
观察硬度计平面有无刻面，轻擦平面，以防被测样品的粉末留在硬度计上，使判断失误。
若硬度计平面有划痕，则样品硬度大于硬度计。
再依次测试更高一级的硬度计，直至介于两个硬度级别之间或相当于某一硬度计为止。
结果表示：摩氏硬度计所测的相对硬度用1 ～10 数字表示，根据实测情况，可分别用等于、大于、小于某硬度级别，表示样品摩氏硬度值或范围。
硬度作为观赏石的重要指标之一，怎样鉴别呢？矿物抵抗外来机械作用（刻划、压入、研磨）的能力，称为硬度。
它和矿物的化学成分及晶体构造有关。
在肉眼鉴定矿物时，通常采用刻划法确定其硬度，并以“摩氏硬度计”中所列举的十种矿物作为对比的标准，见下表。
例如某矿物能被石英所刻动，但不能被长石所刻动，则矿物的硬度必介于6－7之间，可以确定为6.5。
但必须指出，摩氏硬度只是相对等级，并不是硬度的绝对数值，所以不能认为：金刚石比滑石硬十倍。
另外，有些矿物在晶体的不同方向上，硬度是不一样的。
例如蓝晶石，沿晶体延长方向的硬度为4.5，而垂直该方向的硬度为6.5。
岩石类观赏石大多数的硬度比较固定，所以摩氏硬度计具有重要的鉴定意义。
观赏类奇石决大多数是各种矿物的集合体，而广大石友也没有可供相互刻划的矿物，怎么办？可利用指甲（2-2.5度）、小刀（5-5.5度）、玻璃（6度）、钢锉（7度）来测定矿物的硬度。
硬度换算对照表
(580)
55.7
620
(589)
56.3
630
(599)
56.8
640
(608)
57.3
650
(618)
57.8
660
58.3
670
58.8
680
59.2
690
59.7
700
60.1
720
61.0
740
61.8
760
62.5
780
63.3
800
64.0
820
64.7
840
65.3
860
65.9
880
36
22
35 69 62 67 11.4
73 72 95
37
23
37 70 64 70 11.8 17 75 74 97
38
24
40 71 67 72 12.2 23 76 75 98
39
25
42 72 69 75 12.6 28 78 77 99
40 25 26
45 73 72 78 12.9 33 80 79 100
63 61 89 97
19.0
106 103
65 53 58 9.7
65 63 90 98
19.2
107
66 55 60 10.1
66 92 98
19.3
107
67 57 62 10.6
69 68 93 100
19.4
108
[注]表三来源：美国巴勃·考曼(Baber Colman)公司
4 其他硬度对照表:
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硬度换算对照表
首页>资讯中心>资料下载 浏览正文洛氏硬度（HRC）、布氏硬度（HB）等硬度对照区别和换算 时间:2010年03月27日来源:本站原创 作者:yiwater 点击: 42次硬度 是衡量材料软硬程度的一个性能指标。
硬度试验的方法较多，原理也不相同，测得的硬度值和含义也不完硬度 是衡量材料软硬程度的一个性能指标。
硬度试验的方法较多，原理也不相同，测得的硬度值和含义也不完全一样。
最普通的是静负荷压入法硬度试验，即布氏硬度(HB)、洛氏硬度(HRA，HRB，HRC)、维氏硬度(HV)，橡胶塑料邵氏硬度(HA,HD)等硬度其值表示材料表面抵抗坚硬物体压入的能力。
最流行的里氏硬度（HL）、肖氏硬度(HS)则属于回跳法硬度试验，其值代表金属弹性变形功的大小。
因此，硬度不是一个单纯的物理量，而是反映材料的弹性、塑性、强度和韧性等的一种综合性能指标。
钢材的硬度 ：金属硬度(Hardness)的代号为H。
按硬度试验方法的不同，●常规表示有布氏（HB）、洛氏（HRC）、维氏（HV）、里氏（HL）硬度等，其中以HB 及HRC较为常用。
●HB应用范围较广，HRC适用于表面高硬度材料，如热处理硬度等。
两者区别在于硬度计之测头不同，布氏硬度计之测头为钢球，而洛氏硬度计之测头为金刚石。
●HV-适用于显微镜分析。
维氏硬度(HV)以120kg以内的载荷和顶角为136°的金刚石方形锥压入器压入材料表面，用材料压痕凹坑的表面积除以载荷值，即为维氏硬度值(HV)。
●HL手提式硬度计，测量方便，利用冲击球头冲击硬度表面后，产生弹跳；利用冲头在距试样表面1mm处的回弹速度与冲击速度的比值计算硬度，公式：里氏硬度HL=1000×VB（回弹速度）/ VA（冲击速度）。
●目前最常用的便携式里氏硬度计用里氏（HL）测量后可以转化为：布氏（HB）、洛氏（HRC）、维氏（HV）、肖氏（HS）硬度。
或用里氏原理直接用布氏（HB）、洛氏（HRC）、维氏（HV）、里氏（HL）、肖氏（HS）测量硬度值。
氏硬度(HRC)、布氏硬度(HB)等硬度对照区别和换算
氏硬度（HRC）、布氏硬度（HB）等硬度对照区别和换算硬度是衡量材料软硬程度的一个性能指标。
硬度试验的方法较多，原理也不相同，测得的硬度值和含义也不完全一样。
最普通的是静负荷压入法硬度试验，即布氏硬度(HB) 、洛氏硬度(HRA），HRB，HRC)、维氏硬度(HV) ，橡胶塑料邵氏硬度里氏硬度（HL）、肖氏硬度(HS)[/url]则属于回跳法硬度试验，其值代表金属弹性变形功的大小。
因此，硬度不是一个单纯的物理量，而是反映材料的弹性、塑性、强度和韧性等的一种综合性能指标。
等硬度其值表示材料表面抵抗坚硬物体压入的能力。
最流行的(HA,HD)钢材的硬度：金属硬度●常规表示有布氏（HB）、洛氏（HRC）、维氏（HV）、里氏（HL）硬度等，其中以HB及HRC较为常用。
●HB应用范围较广，HRC适用于表面高硬度材料，如热处理硬度等。
两者区别在于硬度计●HV-适用于显微镜(HV)以120kg以内的载荷和顶角为136°的金刚石方形锥压入器压入材料表面，用材料压痕凹坑的表面积除以载荷值，即为维氏硬度值(HV)。
●THI90手提式硬度计，测量方便，利用冲击球头冲击硬度表面后，产生弹跳；利用冲头在距试样表面1mm处的回弹速度与冲击速度的比值计算硬度，公式：里氏硬度HL=1000×VB（回弹速度）/ VA（冲击速度）。
●目前最常用的便携式里氏硬度计HL）测量后可以转化为：布氏（HB）、洛氏（HRC）、维氏（HV）、肖氏（HS）硬度。
或用里氏原理直接用布氏（HB）、洛氏（HRC）、维氏（HV）、里氏（HL）、肖氏（HS）测量硬度值。
时代公司TH系列里氏硬度计”（详细情况请点击《里氏硬度计TH140/TH160/HLN-11A/HS141便携式系列[/url] 》）就有此功能，是传统台式硬度机的有益补充！生产的用里氏（分析。
维氏硬度之测头不同，布氏硬度计之测头为钢球，而洛氏硬度计之测头为金刚石。
[/url]的代号为H。
检测仪器中英文对照表
Electric/digital Balance
测头的测量范围
transmission function for the sine waves
仪器的测量范围
measuring range of the instrument
工作量规
Working gauge
模数转换器的量化步距
quantification step of the ADC
控制计划
Control plan
百分表
Dial indicator
失效模式与影响分析
Failure mode＆effect analysis (FMEA)
拉力计
Tension gauge
进料检验
Incoming material quality control（IQer
铸铁平尺
cast iron straigjht edge
数字温度计
Digital thermometer
钢平尺和岩石平尺
steel and granite straigjht edge
辐射温度计
Radiation thermometer
圆度仪
roundness measuring instrument
抛光粉
polishing powder
套筒
nut driver
护镜液
lens coating liquid
量具
calipers
切削液
grinding ccoolant
粘片
adhesive tape
平形砂轮
diamod plain wheels
厚度表
thickness apparatus
布氏硬度计对照表【新版】
布氏硬度计对照表内容来源网络，由“深圳机械展（11万㎡，1100多家展商，超10万观众）”收集整理！更多cnc加工中心、车铣磨钻床、线切割、数控刀具工具、工业机器人、非标自动化、数字化无人工厂、精密测量、3D打印、激光切割、钣金冲压折弯、精密零件加工等展示，就在深圳机械展.2.5 1 839 —612.9 306.5 153.2 61.291 294 —98.07 49.03 24.52 9.807压痕平均直径d/mm 布氏硬度HBW2.40 1.200 0.6000 0.240 653 327 218 109 54.5 21.8 2.41 1.205 0.6024 0.241 648 324 216 108 54.0 21.6 2.42 1.210 0.6050 0.242 643 321 214 107 53.5 21.4 2.43 1.215 0.6075 0.243 637 319 212 106 53.1 21.2 2.44 1.220 0.6100 0.244 632 316 211 105 52.7 21.1 2.45 1.225 0.6125 0.245 627 318 209 104 52.2 20.9 2.46 1.230 0.6150 0.246 621 311 207 104 51.8 20.7 2.47 1.235 0.6175 0.247 616 308 205 103 51.4 20.5 2.48 1.240 0.6200 0.248 611 306 204 102 50.9 20.42.49 1.245 0.6225 0.249 606 303 202 101 50.5 20.2 2.50 1.250 0.6250 0.250 601 301 200 100 50.1 20.0 2.51 1.255 0.6275 0.251 597 298 199 99.4 49.7 19.9 2.52 1.260 0.6300 0.252 592 296 197 98.6 49.3 19.7 2.53 1.265 0.6325 0.253 587 294 196 97.8 48.9 19.6 2.54 1.270 0.6350 0.254 582 291 194 97.1 48.5 19.4 2.55 1.275 0.6375 0.255 578 289 193 96.3 48.1 19.3 2.56 1.280 0.6400 0.256 578 287 191 95.5 47.8 19.1 2.57 1.285 0.6425 0.257 569 284 190 94.8 47.4 19.0 2.58 1.290 0.6450 0.258 564 282 188 94.0 47.0 18.8 2.59 1.295 0.6475 0.259 560 280 187 93.3 46.6 18.7 2.60 1.300 0.6500 0.260 555 278 185 92.6 46.3 18.5 2.61 1.305 0.6525 0.261 551 276 184 91.8 45.9 18.42.62 1.310 0.6550 0.262 547 273 182 91.1 45.6 18.2 2.63 1.315 0.6575 0.263 543 271 181 90.4 45.2 18.1 2.64 1.320 0.6600 0.264 538 269 179 89.7 44.9 17.9 2.65 1.325 0.6625 0.265 534 267 178 89.0 44.5 17.8 2.66 1.330 0.6650 0.266 530 265 177 88.4 44.2 17.7 2.67 1.335 0.6675 0.267 526 263 175 87.7 43.8 17.5 2.68 1.340 0.6700 0.268 522 261 174 87.0 43.5 17.4 2.69 1.345 0.6725 0.269 518 259 173 86.4 43.2 17.3 2.70 1.350 0.6750 0.270 514 257 171 85.7 42.9 17.1 2.71 1.355 0.6775 0.271 510 255 170 85.1 42.5 17.0 2.72 1.360 0.6800 0.272 507 253 169 54.4 42.2 16.9 2.73 1.365 0.6825 0.273 503 251 168 83.8 41.9 16.8 2.74 1.370 0.6850 0.274 499 250 166 83.2 41.6 16.62.75 1.375 0.6875 0.275 495 248 165 82.6 41.3 16.5 2.76 1.380 0.6900 0.276 492 246 164 81.9 41.0 16.4 2.77 1.385 0.6925 0.277 488 244 163 81.3 40.7 16.3 2.78 1.390 0.6950 0.278 485 242 162 80.8 40.4 16.2 2.79 1.395 0.6975 0.279 481 240 160 80.2 40.1 16.0 2.80 1.400 0.7000 0.280 477 239 159 79.6 39.8 15.9 2.81 1.405 0.7025 0.281 474 237 158 79.0 39.5 15.8 2.82 1.410 0.7050 0.282 471 235 157 78.4 39.2 15.7 2.83 1.415 0.7075 0.283 467 234 156 77.9 38.9 15.6 2.84 1.420 0.7100 0.284 464 232 155 77.3 38.7 15.5 2.85 1.425 0.7125 0.285 461 230 154 76.8 38.4 15.4 2.86 1.430 0.7150 0.286 457 229 152 76.2 38.1 15.2 2.87 1.435 0.7175 0.287 454 227 151 75.7 37.8 15.12.88 1.440 0.7200 0.288 451 225 150 75.1 37.6 15.0 2.89 1.445 0.7225 0.289 448 224 149 74.6 37.3 14.9 2.90 1.450 0.7250 0.290 444 222 148 74.1 37.0 14.8 2.91 1.455 0.7275 0.291 441 221 147 73.6 36.8 14.7 2.92 1.460 0.7300 0.292 438 219 146 73.0 36.5 14.6 2.93 1.465 0.7325 0.293 435 218 145 72.5 36.3 14.5 2.94 1.470 0.7350 0.294 432 216 144 72.0 36.0 14.4 2.95 1.475 0.7375 0.295 429 215 143 71.5 35.8 14.3 2.96 1.480 0.7400 0.296 426 213 142 71.0 35.5 14.2 2.97 1.485 0.7425 0.297 423 212 141 70.5 35.3 14.1 2.98 1.490 0.7450 0.298 420 210 140 70.1 35.0 14.02.99 1.495 0.7475 0.299 417 209 139 69.6 34.8 13.93.00 1.500 0.7500 0.300 415 207 138 69.1 34.6 13.83.01 1.505 0.7525 0.301 412 206 137 68.6 34.3 13.7 3.02 1.510 0.7550 0.302 109 205 136 68.2 34.1 13.6 3.03 1.515 0.7575 0.303 406 203 135 67.7 33.9 13.5 3.04 1.520 0.7600 0.304 404 202 135 67.3 33.6 13.5 3.05 1.525 0.7625 0.305 401 200 134 66.8 33.4 13.4 3.06 1.530 0.7650 0.306 398 199 133 66.4 33.2 13.3 3.07 1.535 0.7675 0.307 395 198 132 65.9 33.0 13.2 3.08 1.540 0.7700 0.308 393 196 131 65.5 32.7 13.1 3.09 1.545 0.7725 0.309 390 195 130 65.0 32.5 13.0 3.10 1.550 0.7750 0.310 388 194 129 64.6 32.3 12.9 3.11 1.555 0.7775 0.311 385 193 128 64.2 32.1 12.8 3.12 1.560 0.7800 0.312 383 191 128 63.8 31.9 12.8 3.13 1.565 0.7825 0.313 380 190 127 63.3 31.7 12.73.14 1.570 0.7850 0.314 378 189 126 62.9 31.5 12.6 3.15 1.575 0.7875 0.315 375 188 125 62.5 31.3 12.5 3.16 1.580 0.7900 0.316 373 186 124 62.1 31.1 12.4 3.17 1.585 0.7925 0.317 370 185 123 61.7 30.9 12..3 3.18 1.590 0.7950 0.318 368 184 123 61.3 30.7 12.3 3.19 1.595 0.7975 0.319 366 183 122 60.9 30.5 12.2 3.20 1.600 0.8000 0.320 363 182 121 60.5 30.3 12.1 3.21 1.605 0.8025 0.321 361 180 120 60.1 30.1 12.0 3.22 1.610 0.8050 0.322 359 179 120 59.8 29.9 12.0 3.23 1.615 0.8075 0.323 356 178 119 59.4 29.7 11.9 3.24 1.620 0.8100 0.324 354 177 118 59.0 29.5 11.8 3.25 1.625 0.8125 0.325 352 176 117 58.6 29.3 11.7 3.26 1.630 0.8150 0.326 350 175 117 58.3 29.1 11.73.27 1.635 0.8175 0.327 347 174 116 57.9 29.0 11.6 3.28 1.640 0.8200 0.328 345 173 115 57.5 28.8 11.5 3.29 1.645 0.8225 0.329 343 172 114 57.2 28.6 11.4 3.30 1.650 0.8250 0.330 341 170 114 56.8 28.4 11.4 3.31 1.655 0.8275 0.331 339 169 113 56.5 28.2 11.3 3.32 1.660 0.8300 0.332 337 168 112 56.1 28.1 11.2 3.33 1.665 0.8325 0.333 335 167 112 55.8 27.9 11.2 3.34 1.670 0.8350 0.334 333 166 111 55.4 27.7 11.1 3.35 1.675 0.8375 0.335 331 165 110 55.1 27.5 11.0 3.36 1.680 0.8400 0.336 329 164 110 54.8 27.4 11.0 3.37 1.685 0.8425 0.337 326 163 109 54.4 27.2 10.9 3.38 1.690 0.8450 0.338 325 162 108 54.1 27.0 10.8 3.39 1.695 0.8475 0.339 323 161 108 53.8 26.9 10.83.40 1.700 0.8500 0.340 321 160 107 53.4 26.7 10.7 3.41 1.705 0.8525 0.341 319 159 106 53.1 26.6 10.6 3.42 1.710 0.8550 0.342 317 158 106 52.8 26.4 10.6 3.43 1.715 0.8575 0.343 315 157 105 52.5 26.2 10.5 3.44 1.720 0.8600 0.344 313 156 104 52.2 26.1 10.4 3.45 1.725 0.8625 0.345 311 156 104 51.8 25.9 10.4 3.46 1.730 0.8650 0.346 309 155 103 51.5 25.8 10.3 3.47 1.735 0.8675 0.347 307 154 102 51.2 25.6 10.2 3.48 1.740 0.8700 0.348 306 153 102 50.9 25.5 10.2 3.49 1.745 0.8725 0.349 304 152 101 50.6 25.3 10.1 3.50 1.750 0.8750 0.350 302 151 101 50.3 25.2 10.1 3.51 1.755 0.8775 0.351 300 150 100 50.0 25.0 10.0 3.52 1.760 0.8800 0.352 298 149 99.5 49.7 24.9 10.03.53 1.765 0.8825 0.353 297 148 98.9 49.4 24.7 9.89 3.54 1.770 0.8850 0.354 295 147 98.3 49.2 24.6 9.83 3.55 1.775 0.8875 0.355 293 147 97.7 48.9 24.4 9.77 3.56 1.780 0.8900 0.356 292 146 97.2 48.6 24.3 9.72 3.57 1.785 0.8925 0.357 290 145 96.6 48.3 24.2 9.66 3.58 1.790 0.8950 0.358 288 144 96.1 48.0 24.0 9.61 3.59 1.795 0.8975 0.359 286 143 95.5 47.7 23.9 9.55 3.60 1.800 0.9000 0.360 285 142 95.0 47.5 23.7 9.50 3.61 1.805 0.9025 0.361 283 142 94.4 47.2 23.6 9.44 3.62 1.810 0.9050 0.362 282 141 93.9 46.9 23.5 9.39 3.63 1.815 0.9075 0.363 280 140 93.3 46.7 23.3 9.33 3.64 1.820 0.9100 0.364 278 139 92.8 46.4 23.2 9.28 3.65 1.825 0.9125 0.365 277 138 92.3 46.1 23.1 9.233.66 1.830 0.9150 0.366 275 138 91.8 45.9 22.9 9.18 3.67 1.835 0.9175 0.367 274 137 91.2 45.6 22.8 9.12 3.68 1.840 0.9200 0.368 272 136 90.7 45.4 22.7 9.07 3.69 1.845 0.9225 0.369 271 135 90.2 45.1 22.6 9.02 3.70 1.850 0.9250 0.370 269 135 89.7 44.9 22.4 8.97 3.71 1.855 0.9275 0.371 268 134 89.2 44.6 22.3 8.92 3.72 1.860 0.9300 0.372 266 133 88.7 44.4 22.2 8.87 3.73 1.865 0.9325 0.373 265 132 88.2 44.1 22.1 8.82 3.74 1.870 0.9350 0.374 263 132 87.7 43.9 21.9 8.77 3.75 1.875 0.9375 0.375 262 131 87.2 43.6 21.8 8.72 3.76 1.880 0.9400 0.376 260 130 86.8 43.4 21.7 8.68 3.77 1.885 0.9425 0.377 259 129 86.3 43.1 21.6 8.63 3.78 1.890 0.9450 0.378 257 129 85.8 42.9 21.5 8.583.79 1.895 0.9475 0.379 256 128 85.3 42.7 21.3 8.53 3.80 1.900 0.9500 0.380 255 127 84.9 42.4 21.2 8.49 3.81 1.905 0.9525 0.381 253 127 84.4 42.2 21.1 8.44 3.82 1.910 0.9550 0.382 252 126 83.9 42.0 21.0 8.39 3.83 1.915 0.9575 0.383 250 125 83.5 41.7 20.9 8.35 3.84 1.920 0.9600 0.384 249 125 83.0 41.5 20.8 8.30 3.85 1.925 0.9625 0.385 248 124 82.6 41.3 20.6 8.26 3.86 1.930 0.9650 0.386 246 123 82.1 41.1 20.5 8.21 3.87 1.935 0.9675 0.387 245 123 81.7 40.9 20.4 8.17 3.88 1.940 0.9700 0.388 244 122 81.3 40.6 20.3 8.13 3.89 1.945 0.9725 0.389 242 121 80.8 40.4 20.2 8.08 3.90 1.950 0.9750 0.390 241 212 80.4 40.2 20.1 8.04 3.91 1.955 0.9775 0.391 240 120 80.0 40.0 20.0 8.003.92 1.960 0.9800 0.392 239 119 79.5 39.8 19.9 7.95 3.93 1.965 0.9825 0.393 237 119 79.1 39.6 19.8 7.91 3.94 1.970 0.9850 0.394 236 118 78.7 39.4 19.7 7.87 3.95 1.975 0.9875 0.395 235 117 78.3 39.1 19.6 7.83 3.96 1.980 0.9900 0.396 234 117 77.9 38.9 19.5 7.79 3.97 1.985 0.9925 0.397 232 116 77.5 38.7 19.4 7.75 3.98 1.990 0.9950 0.398 231 116 77.1 38.5 19.3 7.713.99 1.995 0.9975 0.399 230 115 76.7 38.3 19.2 7.674.00 2.000 1.0000 0.400 229 114 76.3 38.1 19.1 7.63 4.01 2.005 1.0025 0.401 228 114 75.9 37.9 19.0 7.59 4.02 2.010 1.0050 0.402 226 113 75.5 37.7 18.9 7.55 4.03 2.015 1.0075 0.403 225 113 75.1 37.5 18.8 7.51 4.04 2.020 1.0100 0.404 224 112 74.7 37.3 18.7 7.474.05 2.025 1.0125 0.405 223 111 74.3 37.1 18.6 7.43 4.06 2.030 1.0150 0.406 222 111 73.9 37.0 18.5 7.39 4.07 2.035 1.0175 0.407 221 110 73.5 36.8 18.4 7.35 4.08 2.040 1.0200 0.408 219 110 73.2 36.6 18.3 7.32 4.09 2.045 1.0225 0.409 218 109 72.8 36.4 18.2 7.28 4.10 2.050 1.0250 0.410 217 109 72.4 36.2 18.1 7.24 4.11 2.055 1.0275 0.411 216 108 72.0 36.0 18.0 7.20 4.12 2.060 1.0300 0.412 215 108 71.7 35.8 17.9 7.17 4.13 2.065 1.0325 0.413 214 107 71.3 35.7 17.8 7.13 4.14 2.070 1.0350 0.414 213 106 71.0 35.5 17.7 7.10 4.15 2.075 1.0375 0.415 212 106 70.6 35.3 17.6 7.06 4.16 2.080 1.0400 0.416 211 105 70.2 35.1 17.6 7.02 4.17 2.085 1.0425 0.417 210 105 69.9 34.9 17.56.994.18 2.090 1.0450 0.418 209 104 69.5 34.8 17.4 6.95 4.19 2.095 1.0475 0.419 208 104 69.2 34.6 17.3 6.92 4.20 2.100 1.0500 0.420 207 103 68.8 34.4 17.2 6.88 4.21 2.105 1.0525 0.421 205 103 68.5 34.2 17.1 6.85 4.22 2.110 1.0550 0.422 204 102 68.2 34.1 17.0 6.82 4.23 2.115 1.0575 0.423 203 102 67.8 33.9 17.0 6.78 4.24 2.120 1.0600 0.424 202 101 67.5 33.7 16.9 6.75 4.25 2.125 1.0625 0.425 201 101 67.1 33.6 16.8 6.71 4.26 2.130 1.0650 0.426 200 100 66.8 33.4 16.7 6.68 4.27 2.135 1.0675 0.427 199 99.7 66.5 33.2 16.6 6.65 4.28 2.140 1.0700 0.428 198 99.2 66.2 33.1 16.5 6.62 4.29 2.145 1.0725 0.429 198 98.8 65.8 32.9 16.5 6.58 4.30 2.150 1.0750 0.430 197 98.3 65.5 32.8 16.4 6.554.31 2.155 1.0775 0.431 196 97.8 65.2 32.6 16.3 6.52 4.32 2.160 1.0800 0.432 195 97.3 64.9 32.4 16.2 6.49 4.33 2.165 1.0825 0.433 194 96.8 64.6 32.3 16.1 6.46 4.34 2.170 1.0850 0.434 193 96.4 64.2 32.1 16.1 6.42 4.35 2.175 1.0875 0.435 192 95.9 63.9 32.0 16.0 6.39 4.36 2.180 1.0900 0.436 191 95.4 63.6 31.8 15.9 6.39 4.37 2.185 1.0925 0.437 190 95.0 63.3 31.7 15.8 6.33 4.38 2.190 1.0950 0.438 189 94.5 63.0 31.5 15.8 6.30 4.39 2.195 1.0975 0.439 188 94.1 62.7 31.4 15.7 6.27 4.40 2.200 1.1000 0.440 187 93.6 62.4 31.2 15.6 6.24 4.41 2.205 1.1025 0.441 186 93.2 62.1 31.1 15.5 6.21 4.42 2.210 1.1050 0.442 185 92.7 61.8 30.9 15.5 6.18 4.43 2.215 1.1075 0.443 185 92.3 61.5 30.8 15.4 6.154.44 2.220 1.1100 0.444 184 91.8 61.2 30.6 15.36.12 4.45 2.225 1.1125 0.445 183 91.4 60.9 30.5 15.2 6.09 4.46 2.230 1.1150 0.446 182 91.0 60.6 30.3 15.2 6.06 4.47 2.235 1.1175 0.447 181 90.5 60.4 30.2 15.1 6.04 4.48 2.240 1.1200 0.448 180 90.1 60.1 30.0 15.0 6.01 4.49 2.245 1.1225 0.449 179 89.7 59.8 29.9 14.9 5.98 4.50 2.250 1.1250 0.450 179 89.3 59.5 29.8 14.9 5.95 4.51 2.255 1.1275 0.451 179 88.9 59.2 29.6 14.8 5.92 4.52 2.260 1.1300 0.452 177 88.4 59.0 29.5 14.7 5.90 4.53 2.265 1.1325 0.453 176 88.0 58.7 29.3 14.7 5.87 4.54 2.270 1.1350 0.454 175 87.6 58.4 29.2 14.6 5.84 4.55 2.275 1.1375 0.455 174 87.2 58.1 29.1 14.5 5.81 4.56 2.280 1.1400 0.456 174 86.8 57.9 28.9 14.5 5.794.57 2.285 1.1425 0.457 173 86.4 57.6 28.8 14.45.76 4.58 2.290 1.1450 0.458 172 86.0 57.3 28.7 14.3 5.73 4.59 2.295 1.1475 0.459 171 85.6 57.1 28.5 14.3 5.71 4.60 2.300 1.1500 0.460 170 85.2 56.8 28.4 14.2 5.68 4.61 2.305 1.1525 0.461 170 84.8 56.5 28.3 14.1 5.65 4.62 2.310 1.1550 0.462 169 84.4 56.3 28.1 14.1 5.63 4.63 2.315 1.1575 0.463 168 84.0 56.0 28.0 14.0 5.60 4.64 2.320 1.1600 0.464 167 83.6 55.8 27.9 13.9 5.58 4.65 2.325 1.1625 0.465 167 83.3 55.5 27.8 13.9 5.55 4.66 2.330 1.1650 0.466 166 82.9 55.3 27.6 13.8 5.53 4.67 2.335 1.1675 0.467 165 82.5 55.0 27.5 13.8 5.50 4.68 2.340 1.1700 0.468 164 82.1 54.8 27.4 13.7 5.48 4.69 2.345 1.1725 0.469 164 81.8 54.5 27.3 13.6 5.454.70 2.350 1.1750 0.470 163 81.4 54.3 27.1 13.65.43 4.71 2.355 1.1775 0.471 162 81.0 54.0 27.0 13.5 5.40 4.72 2.360 1.1800 0.472 161 80.7 53.8 26.9 13.4 5.38 4.73 2.365 1.1825 0.473 161 80.3 53.5 26.8 13.4 5.35 4.74 2.370 1.1850 0.474 160 79.3 53.3 26.6 13.3 5.33 4.75 2.375 1.1875 0.475 159 79.6 53.0 26.5 13.3 5.30 4.76 2.380 1.1900 0.476 158 79.2 52.8 26.4 13.2 5.28 4.77 2.385 1.1925 0.477 158 78.9 52.6 26.3 13.1 5.26 4.78 2.390 1.1950 0.478 157 78.5 52.3 26.2 13.1 5.23 4.79 2.395 1.1975 0.479 156 78.2 52.1 26.1 13.0 5.21 4.80 2.400 1.2000 0.480 156 77.8 51.9 25.9 13.0 5.19 4.81 2.405 1.2025 0.481 155 77.5 51.6 25.8 12.9 5.16 4.82 2.410 1.2050 0.482 154 77.1 51.4 25.7 12.9 5.144.83 2.415 1.2075 0.483 154 76.8 51.2 25.6 12.8 5.12 4.84 2.420 1.2100 0.484 153 76.4 51.0 25.5 12.7 5.10 4.85 2.425 1.2125 0.485 152 76.1 50.7 25.4 12.7 5.07 4.86 2.430 1.2150 0.486 152 75.8 50.5 25.3 12.6 5.05 4.87 2.435 1.2175 0.487 151 75.4 50.3 25.1 12.6 5.03 4.88 2.440 1.2200 0.488 150 75.1 50.1 25.0 12.5 5.01 4.89 2.445 1.2225 0.489 150 74.8 49.8 24.9 12.5 4.98 4.90 2.450 1.2250 0.490 149 74.4 49.6 24.8 12.4 4.96 4.91 2.455 1.2275 0.491 148 74.1 49.4 24.7 12.4 4.94 4.92 2.460 1.2300 0.492 148 73.8 49.2 24.6 12.3 4.92 4.93 2.465 1.2325 0.493 147 73.5 49.0 24.5 12.2 4.90 4.94 2.470 1.2350 0.494 146 73.2 48.8 24.4 12.2 4.88 4.95 2.475 1.2375 0.495 146 72.8 48.6 24.3 12.1 4.864.96 2.480 1.2400 0.496 145 72.5 48.3 24.2 12.1 4.83 4.97 2.485 1.2425 0.497 144 72.2 48.1 24.1 12.0 4.81 4.98 2.490 1.2450 0.498 144 71.9 47.9 24.0 12.0 4.794.99 2.495 1.2475 0.499 143 71.6 47.7 23.9 11.9 4.775.00 2.500 1.2500 0.500 143 71.3 47.5 23.8 11.9 4.75 5.01 2.505 1.2525 0.501 142 71.0 47.3 23.7 11.8 4.73 5.02 2.510 1.2550 0.502 141 70.7 47.1 23.6 11.8 4.71 5.03 2.515 1.2575 0.503 141 70.4 46.9 23.5 11.7 4.69 5.04 2.520 1.2600 0.504 140 70.1 46.7 23.4 11.7 4.67 5.05 2.525 1.2625 0.505 140 69.8 46.5 23.3 11.6 4.67 5.06 2.530 1.2650 0.506 139 69.5 46.3 23.2 11.6 4.63 5.07 2.535 1.2675 0.507 138 69.2 46.1 23.1 11.5 4.61 5.08 2.540 1.2700 0.508 138 68.9 45.9 23.0 11.5 4.595.09 2.545 1.2725 0.509 137 68.6 45.7 22.9 11.4 4.57 5.10 2.550 1.2750 0.510 137 68.3 45.5 22.8 11.4 4.55 5.11 2.555 1.2775 0.511 136 68.0 45.3 22.7 11.3 4.53 5.12 2.560 1.2800 0.512 135 67.7 45.1 22.6 11.3 4.51 5.13 2.565 1.2825 0.513 135 67.4 45.0 22.5 11.2 4.50 5.14 2.570 1.2850 0.514 134 67.1 44.8 22.4 11.2 4.48 5.15 2.575 1.2875 0.515 134 66.9 44.6 22.3 11.1 4.46 5.16 2.580 1.2900 0.516 133 66.6 44.4 22.2 11.1 4.44 5.17 2.585 1.2925 0.517 133 66.3 44.2 22.1 11.1 4.42 5.18 2.590 1.2950 0.518 132 66.0 44.0 22.0 11.0 4.40 5.19 2.595 1.2975 0.519 132 65.8 43.8 21.9 11.0 4.38 5.20 2.600 1.3000 0.520 131 65.5 43.7 21.8 10.9 4.37 5.21 2.605 1.3025 0.521 130 65.2 43.5 21.7 10.9 4.355.22 2.610 1.3050 0.522 130 64.9 43.3 21.6 10.8 4.33 5.23 2.615 1.3075 0.523 129 64.7 43.1 21.6 10.8 4.31 5.24 2.620 1.3100 0.524 129 64.4 42.9 21.5 10.7 4.29 5.25 2.625 1.3125 0.525 128 64.1 42.8 21.4 10.7 4.28 5.26 2.630 1.3150 0.526 128 63.9 42.6 21.3 10.6 4.26 5.27 2.635 1.3175 0.527 127 63.6 42.4 21.2 10.6 4.24 5.28 2.640 1.3200 0.528 127 63.3 42.2 21.1 10.6 4.22 5.29 2.645 1.3225 0.529 126 63.1 42.1 21.0 10.5 4.21 5.30 2.650 1.3250 0.530 126 62.8 41.9 20.9 10.5 4.19 5.31 2.655 1.3275 0.531 125 62.6 41.7 20.9 10.4 4.17 5.32 2.660 1.3300 0.532 125 62.3 41.5 20.8 10.4 4.15 5.33 2.665 1.3325 0.533 124 62.1 41.4 20.7 10.3 4.14 5.34 2.670 1.3350 0.534 124 61.8 41.2 20.6 10.3 4.125.35 2.675 1.3375 0.535 123 61.5 41.0 20.5 10.3 4.10 5.36 2.680 1.3400 0.536 123 61.3 40.9 20.4 10.2 4.09 5.37 2.685 1.3425 0.537 122 61.0 40.7 20.3 10.2 4.07 5.38 2.690 1.3450 0.538 122 60.8 40.5 20.3 10.1 4.05 5.39 2.695 1.3475 0.539 121 60.6 40.4 20.2 10.1 4.04 5.40 2.700 1.3500 0.540 121 60.3 40.2 20.1 10.1 4.02 5.41 2.705 1.3525 0.541 120 60.1 40.0 20.9 10.0 4.00 5.42 2.710 1.3550 0.542 120 59.8 39.9 19.9 9.97 3.99 5.43 2.715 1.3575 0.543 119 59.6 39.7 19.9 9.93 3.97 5.44 2.720 1.3600 0.544 119 59.3 39.6 19.8 9.89 3.96 5.45 2.725 1.3625 0.545 118 59.1 39.4 19.7 9.85 3.94 5.46 2.730 1.3650 0.546 118 58.9 39.2 19.6 9.81 3.92 5.47 2.735 1.3675 0.547 117 58.6 39.1 19.5 9.77 3.915.48 2.740 1.3700 0.548 117 58.4 38.9 19.5 9.73 3.89 5.49 2.745 1.3725 0.549 116 58.2 38.8 19.4 9.69 3.88 5.50 2.750 1.3750 0.550 116 57.9 38.6 19.3 9.66 3.86 5.51 2.755 1.3775 0.551 115 57.7 38.5 19.2 9.62 3.85 5.52 2.760 1.3800 0.552 115 57.5 38.3 19.2 9.58 3.83 5.53 2.765 1.3825 0.553 114 57.2 38.2 19.1 9.54 3.82 5.54 2.770 1.3850 0.554 114 57.0 38.0 19.0 9.50 3.80 5.55 2.775 1.3875 0.555 114 56.8 37.9 18.99.47 3.79 5.56 2.780 1.3900 0.556 113 56.6 37.7 18.9 9.43 3.77 5.57 2.785 1.3925 0.557 113 56.3 37.6 18.8 9.39 3.76 5.58 2.790 1.3950 0.558 112 56.1 37.4 18.7 9.35 3.74 5.59 2.795 1.3975 0.559 112 55.9 37.3 18.6 9.32 3.73 5.60 2.800 1.4000 0.560 111 55.7 37.1 18.6 9.28 3.715.61 2.805 1.4025 0.561 111 55.5 37.0 18.5 9.24 3.70 5.62 2.810 1.4050 0.562 110 55.2 36.8 18.4 9.21 3.68 5.63 2.815 1.4075 0.563 110 55.0 36.7 18.3 9.17 3.67 5.64 2.820 1.4100 0.564 110 54.8 36.5 18.3 9.14 3.65 5.65 2.825 1.4125 0.565 109 54.6 36.4 18.2 9.10 3.64 5.66 2.830 1.4150 0.566 109 54.4 36.3 18.1 9.06 3.63 5.67 2.835 1.4175 0.567 108 54.2 36.1 18.1 9.03 3.61 5.68 2.840 1.4200 0.568 108 54.0 36.0 18.0 8.99 3.60 5.69 2.845 1.4225 0.569 107 53.7 35.8 17.98.96 3.58 5.70 2.850 1.4250 0.570 107 53.7 35.7 17.8 8.92 3.57 5.71 2.855 1.4275 0.571 107 53.3 35.6 17.8 8.89 3.56 5.72 2.860 1.4300 0.572 106 53.1 35.4 17.7 8.85 3.54 5.73 2.865 1.4325 0.573 106 52.9 35.3 17.6 8.82 3.535.74 2.870 1.4350 0.574 105 52.7 35.1 17.6 8.79 3.51 5.75 2.875 1.4375 0.575 105 52.5 35.0 17.5 8.75 3.50 5.76 2.880 1.4400 0.576 105 52.3 34.9 17.4 8.72 3.49 5.77 2.885 1.4425 0.577 104 52.1 34.7 17.4 8.68 3.47 5.78 2.890 1.4450 0.578 104 51.9 34.6 17.3 8.65 3.46 5.79 2.895 1.4475 0.579 103 51.7 34.5 17.2 8.62 3.45 5.80 2.900 1.4500 0.580 103 51.5 34.3 17.2 8.59 3.43 5.81 2.905 1.4525 0.581 103 51.3 34.2 17.1 8.55 3.42 5.82 2.910 1.4550 0.582 102 51.1 34.1 17.0 8.52 3.41 5.83 2.915 1.4575 0.583 102 50.9 33.9 17.0 8.49 3.39 5.84 2.920 1.4600 0.584 101 50.7 33.8 16.9 8.45 3.38 5.85 2.925 1.4625 0.585 101 50.5 33.7 16.8 8.42 3.37 5.86 2.930 1.4650 0.586 101 50.3 33.6 16.8 8.39 3.365.87 2.935 1.4675 0.587 100 50.2 33.4 16.7 8.36 3.34 5.88 2.940 1.4700 0.588 99.9 50.0 33.3 16.7 8.33 3.33 5.89 2.945 1.4725 0.589 99.5 49.8 33.2 16.6 8.30 3.32 5.90 2.950 1.4750 0.590 99.2 49.6 33.1 16.5 8.26 3.31 5.91 2.955 1.4775 0.591 98.8 49.4 32.9 16.5 8.23 3.29 5.92 2.960 1.4800 0.592 98.4 49.2 32.8 16.4 8.20 3.28 5.93 2.965 1.4825 0.593 98.0 49.0 32.7 16.3 8.17 3.27 5.94 2.970 1.4850 0.594 97.7 48.8 32.6 16.3 8.14 3.26 5.95 2.975 1.4875 0.595 97.3 48.7 32.4 16.2 8.11 3.24 5.96 2.980 1.4900 0.596 96.9 48.5 32.3 16.2 8.08 3.23 5.97 2.985 1.4925 0.597 96.6 48.3 32.2 16.1 8.05 3.22 5.98 2.990 1.4950 0.598 96.2 48.1 32.1 16.0 8.02 3.21 5.99 2.995 1.4975 0.599 95.9 47.9 32.0 16.0 7.99 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洛氏硬度对照表
洛氏硬度（HRC）、布氏硬度（HB）等硬度对照区别和换算硬度是衡量材料软硬程度的一个性能指标。
硬度试验的方法较多，原理也不相同，测得的硬度值和含义也不完全一样。
最普通的是静负荷压入法硬度试验，即布氏硬度(HB)、洛氏硬度(HRA，HRB，HRC)、维氏硬度(HV)，橡胶塑料邵氏硬度(HA,HD)等硬度其值表示材料表面抵抗坚硬物体压入的能力。
最流行的里氏硬度（HL）、肖氏硬度(HS)则属于回跳法硬度试验，其值代表金属弹性变形功的大小。
因此，硬度不是一个单纯的物理量，而是反映材料的弹性、塑性、强度和韧性等的一种综合性能指标。
钢材的硬度：金属硬度(Hardness)的代号为H。
按硬度试验方法的不同，●常规表示有布氏（HB）、洛氏（HRC）、维氏（HV）、里氏（HL）硬度等，其中以HB及HRC较为常用。
●HB应用范围较广，HRC适用于表面高硬度材料，如热处理硬度等。
两者区别在于硬度计之测头不同，布氏硬度计之测头为钢球，而洛氏硬度计之测头为金刚石。
●HV-适用于显微镜分析。
维氏硬度(HV)以120kg以内的载荷和顶角为136°的金刚石方形锥压入器压入材料表面，用材料压痕凹坑的表面积除以载荷值，即为维氏硬度值(HV)。
●HL手提式硬度计，测量方便，利用冲击球头冲击硬度表面后，产生弹跳；利用冲头在距试样表面1mm处的回弹速度与冲击速度的比值计算硬度，公式：里氏硬度HL=1000×VB（回弹速度）/ VA（冲击速度）。
●目前最常用的便携式里氏硬度计用里氏（HL）测量后可以转化为：布氏（HB）、洛氏（HRC）、维氏（HV）、肖氏（HS）硬度。
或用里氏原理直接用布氏（HB）、洛氏（HRC）、维氏（HV）、里氏（HL）、肖氏（HS）测量硬度值。
时代公司生产的TH系列里氏硬度计就有此功能，是传统台式硬度机的有益补充！”（详细情况请点击《里氏硬度计TH140/TH160/HLN-11A/HS141便携式系列》）1、HB - 布氏硬度:布氏硬度(HB)一般用于材料较软的时候，如有色金属、热处理之前或退火后的钢铁。
锻造术语中英文对照-(3)
锻造术语中英文对照-(3)锻造术语中英文对照锻压forging and stamping金属塑性加工metal plastic working金属压力加工mechanical metal working体积成形bulk forming锻造forging / hot forging锻造技术forging technology / forging technique锻造工艺forging technology / forging process锻工forger / blacksmith / hammer man / hammer smith / hammerer塑性plasticity超塑性superplasticity可锻性forgeability切削性能machinability最小阻力定律the law of minimum resistance体积不变条件constance(y) of volume / incompressibility锻造流线grain flow / forging flow line滑移线sliding line / slip-line模锻die forging / closed-die forging / impression die forging开式模锻closed-die forging / impression die forging闭式模锻no-flash die forging / flashless die forging锤模锻closed-die forging / impression die forging / drop forging / stamping锻压机模锻mechanical press forging平锻upsetting / heading无飞边模锻no-flash forging无拔模斜度模锻no-draft forging模锻件forging / workpiece锻件重量forging weight普通锻件conventional forging精确（公差）锻件close-tolerance forging锻造工序卡forging process chart工序operation / process / procedure工步process step打击blow / strike锻件图forging drawing加工余量machining allowance镦锻、顶锻upsetting / heading镦粗upsetting压扁flattening去氧化皮scale-breaking拔长工步drawing / elongating / fullering拔夹钳头tong-hold drawn / tagging滚压工步edging / edge rolling / gathering弯曲工步bending制坯工步pre-forming平锻聚料gathering / pushing up / upsetting锥形镦粗taper upsetting / coning粗（初）锻blocker-type forging预锻pre-forging / blocking终锻finish-forging返回锻模校正re-striking分模线parting line模锻斜度、拔模角、拔模斜度draft angle外拔模角outside draft内拔模角inside draft自然拔模角natural draft相配拔模角matching draft外圆角corner内圆角fillet未注明圆角all radii not specified尺寸按交点注all dimensions specified form intersections 模锻方案forging form一料多件multi-forging on one billet (bar)一模两件two at a time一模多件multi at a time调头锻turn-end forging一火多件multi-forging in one heat打零件号、炉号码及模具号处raise part No. heat code and die No. here除注明处外unless otherwise noted冲孔、切边、校正冲连皮punching the wad / punching the slug冲孔pierce盲孔non-penetrated hole / blind hole连皮wad / recess / slug切边clipping / trimming飞边flash残余飞边、残余飞刺flash extension / residual flash切边线、飞边线flash line / trim line整形forming to size校平flattening / planishing校直straightening精压、压印coining / sizing校正sizing / setting冷校正cold sizing / cold setting锻造公差、锻造缺陷及检查锻造公差forging tolerance / tolerance for impression die forging 确定公差的因素information required in determining tolerance锻件形状复杂系数shape complexity factor of forging材质系数difficulty of material分模线形状shape of die line公差等级tolerance grad锻件公称尺寸nominal dimension of forging厚度公差thickness tolerance模具闭合公差die closure tolerance长度、宽度、高度公差length 、width and height tolerance模具磨损公差die wear tolerance错差、错差公差mismatch / match tolerance中心距公差tolerance for centre to centre dimensions平面度公差platness tolerance直线度公差straightness tolerance残余飞边及切入深度公差residual flash and trimmed flat tolerance 顶杆压痕公差ejector mark tolerance表面缺陷公差surface tolerance壁厚差difference in wall thickness冲孔公差pierced hole tolerance同轴度公差axiality tolerance折叠、折纹lap / overlap / fold缺肉、未充满under-fill模锻不足under-pressing表面缺陷surface imperfection氧化皮坑scale pit变形distortion / deformation毛刺、飞刺burr / fin凹陷void出气孔金属柱vent plug偏心eccentricity中间检查intermediate inspection流动检查patrol inspection外观检查visual inspection最后检查final inspection抽检random inspection其他锻造方法多向模锻multi-ram forging / multidirectional die forging 精密模锻precision forging闭塞模锻croe forging合锻combination forging挤压锻造extrusion forging挤压extrusion正挤压forward extrusion / direct extrusion反挤压backward extrusion / indirect extrusion复合挤压combined extrusion辊锻roll forging / reducer rolling制坯辊锻roll forging of blank成形辊锻finishing roll forging辗环ring rolling楔横轧cross wedge rolling / transverse rolling超塑成形superplastic forming等温锻造isothermal forging冷锻cold forging温锻warm forging无屑加工chipless working粉末锻造powder metal forging / powder forging液态模锻melted metal squeezing电热镦electric upset forging摆辗swing-rolling / rock rolling / tambling转动辗压turn-rolling / rotary-rolling径向锻造radial forging自由锻自由锻open die forging / flat die forging胎模锻loose tooling forging送进量feed延伸系数coefficient of stretching高径比ratio of height to diameter锻造比forging ratio镦粗upsetting局部镦粗local upsetting拔长drawing out / stretching / swaging / fullering芯棒拔长drawing out with the core bar滚圆、摔圆rolling倒棱chamfering压痕、克印indentation压肩necking错料offset弯曲bending扭转twisting切割、切断cutting冲孔punching / piercing扩孔expanding冲头扩孔expanding with a punch马杠扩孔、码圈saddle forging / saddling锻接forging welding空冷air cooling堆冷cooling in heap(pile)坑冷cooling in hole(box、pit)灰砂冷cooling in dust or sand炉冷furnace cooling塌角rollover / shear droop龟裂crazing角裂chink中心裂纹chevron crack发纹hairline cracks / hair-crack铁砧anvil花砧swage block冲子punch剁刀triangular chisel摔子tups / swager / swaging die胎模loose tooling马架mandrel supporter芯轴、马杠mandrel手锤hand hammer大锤sledge hammer夹钳tong自紧吊钳self closing crane tong锻压设备及装置锻锤forging hammer落锤drop hammer单作用锤drop hammer双作用锤double-action hammer重力落锤gravity-drop hammer夹板锤board drop hammer / board drop gravity hammer 皮带锤belt drop hammer链条锤chain drop hammer模锻锤die forging hammer蒸汽-空气模锻锤steam or air dir forging hammer锤头ram砧座anvil-block下砧座、砧套、夹持器anvil cap / sow block对击锤counter-blow hammer高速锤high energy rate forging hammer液压机hydraulic press快速锻造液压机high speed forging hydraulic press机械压力机mechanical press曲柄压力机crank press热模锻压力机、锻压机forging press楔式锻压机wedge-tyoe mechanical press开式压力机c-frame press / gap frame press闭式压力机straight side press单点压力机single point press双点压力机two point press单动压力机single action press双动压力机double action press滑块slide / ram导轨guide工作台table / bed顶出器ejector平锻机horizontal forging machine / forging machine / upsetter切边压力机trimming press校正压力机restriking press精压机、肘杆式精压机coining press / knuckle joint coining press 液压曲柄扭转机、扭转机hydraulic twister for crank-shaft / twister 多工位自动热锻机multistage automatic hot forging machine / automatic forging-pressing machine哈德堡热成形机HATEBUR metal-forming equipment / HATEBUR hotmatic 螺旋压力机screw press摩擦压力机friction screw press液压螺旋压力机hydraulic screw press径向锻轴机radial forging machineGFM自动模锻机GFM automatic die forging machine感应抛丸机stress abrator抛丸清理室shot blasting cleaning chamber抛丸机wheel abrator / throw shot machine喷丸机shot blasting machine / peening machine起重机crane桥式起重机overhead traveling crane / bridge type crane塔式起重机tower crane起重葫芦hoist电动葫芦electric hoist气动葫芦pneumatic hoist磁粉探伤机magnetic particle detector荧光磁粉探伤机fluorescent magnetic particle detector无损探伤机non-destructive inspection machine硬度计hardness tester布式硬度计Brinell hardness tester洛式硬度计Rockwell hardness tester金属材料试验机metallic material testing machine非金属材料试验机non-metallic material testing machine拉力试验机tensile testing machine压力试验机compression testing machine扭转试验机torsion testing machine疲劳试验机fatigue testing machine冲击试验机impact testing machine弯折试验机reverse bend tester显微镜microscope金相显微镜metallographic microscope试样（样品）specimen辊锻机forging roll扩孔机ring rolling machine瓦格纳环轧机WAGNER ring roll摆辗机rotary forging press快速换模装置quick die change device换模翻转装置tool changing and turnover fixture锻造自动线automated forging line机械手manipulator / mechanical hand / mechanical operated arm 除氧化皮装置descaler高压水去氧化皮high pressure hydro-peening传送装置transfer equipment悬挂输送链suspension conveyer chain链式传送带chain conveyer板式传送带pallet conveyer毛坯滑道stock guide工件箱parts gondola / work bin飞边箱flash gondola / flash bin型号type / model公称压力capacity / nominal force锻造吨位forging tonnage落下部分重量droping weight / weight of falling每分钟打击次数blow per minute / strick per minute打击速度blow speed打击效率blow efficiency滑块行程stroke of ram行程次数number of stroke滑块行程调节量adjustment of ram stroke下死点lower dead point / bottom dead centre上死点upper dead point / top dead centre寸动inching最大装模高度maximum die set height最大封闭高度maximum shut height空气锤pneumatic hammer / air hammer锻件热处理锻件热处理forging heat-treatment加热规范heating schedule正火normalizing淬火quench-hardening / hardening / quenching回火tempering调质quenching and tempering / hardening and tempering 退火annealing等温退火isothermal annealing形变热处理thermomechanical treatment (TMT)锻件余热淬火quenching from forging heat残余应力residual stress消除残余应力stress relieving淬火裂纹quenching crack / hardening flaw淬火应力quenching stress / hardening stress淬火介质quenching medium拉长淬火机stretch-quench machine硬度hardness布式硬度试验Brinell hardness test / Brinelling洛式硬度试验Rockwell hardness test锻件清理抛丸清理shot-blasting / peening抛丸室（机）shot-blast chamber(machine)喷砂清理sand blast cleaning酸洗pickling / dipping滚筒清理tumbling / roller cleaning磨毛刺grinding / burring设备分类工艺设备manufacturing equipment标准设备standard equipment非标准设备non-standard equipment通用设备vniversal equipment专用设备special equipment热处理设备heat treatment equipment热处理主要设备main equipment for heat treatment热处理辅助设备auxiliary equipment for heat treatment热处理成套设备（热处理生产线）complete set of heat treatment equipment热处理炉heat treatment furnace燃料炉fuel-fired furnace燃气炉gas-fired furnace燃油炉oil-fired furnace燃煤炉coal-fired furnace电热设备electro-heat installation电热装置electro-heat equipment工作温度working temperature工作区尺寸working space dimensions生产率production rate额定温度rated temperature炉温自动控制automatic control of furnace temperature炉温程序控制program control of furnace temperature炉温的时间比例控制time ratio control of furnace temperature 风室wind chamber连续式炉continuous furnace多区域炉multi-zone furnace感应加热设备表面加热surface heating感应加热induction heating工频mains frequency低频low frequency中频medium frequency超音频ultrasonic frequency高频high frequency超高频ultrahigh frequency感应加热设备induction heating equipment。