英美文学William Shakespeare1564-1616
莎士比亚的诗歌
莎士比的诗歌介绍
莎士比亚还写有长诗《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》 莎士比亚还写有长诗《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》 （1592—1593）、《鲁克丽丝受辱记》 1592—1593）、《鲁克丽丝受辱记》 （1593—1594）和154首十四行诗。 1593—1594）和154首十四行诗。 十四行诗(The Sonnets) 十四行诗
（诗29）
Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising, Haply I think on thee, and then my state, Like to the lark at break of day arising From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven's gate 但是这样想来想去，几乎轻蔑我自己， 但是这样想来想去，几乎轻蔑我自己， 偶然想起了你， 偶然想起了你，——那时节的我 那时节的我 恰似破晓时云雀从地面飞起 在天门引吭高歌。 在天门引吭高歌。 For thy sweet love rememb'red such wealth brings That then I scorn to change my state with kings. 想起了你的爱，那真是财富无限， 想起了你的爱，那真是财富无限， 虽南面王的地位我亦不屑于交换。 虽南面王的地位我亦不屑于交换。
我的天使是否已走入魔道， 我的天使是否已走入魔道， 我只能怀疑， 我只能怀疑，却不敢说一 定； 因为他们本来就彼此很要 好， 我猜想天使已进了地狱的 门。 真情如何难知道， 真情如何难知道，不到坏 精灵 放出我的好精灵， 放出我的好精灵，我永不 能安心。 能安心。
威廉·莎士比亚的一生
威廉·莎士比亚的一生威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）是英国文学史上最伟大的戏剧家和诗人之一。
他出生于1564年4月23日，逝世于1616年4月23日。
威廉·莎士比亚的一生是一个充满传奇色彩的故事，他的作品至今仍然被世人传颂。
在他的一生中，他创作了许多不朽的作品，成为了世界文学史上的瑰宝。
下面就让我们一起来了解一下威廉·莎士比亚的一生。
威廉·莎士比亚出生在英格兰的一个小镇斯特拉特福尔德。
他的父亲是一位手工业者，母亲是一位家庭主妇。
威廉·莎士比亚是家中的长子，他共有七个兄弟姐妹。
在当时的英格兰，社会地位是由父亲所决定的，而威廉·莎士比亚的父亲并不是很富有。
尽管如此，他依然有幸接受了良好的教育，这使得他具备了很好的文学素养。
在那个时代，戏剧文学是备受推崇的艺术形式，而威廉·莎士比亚正是利用了这个时机，将自己的才华进行了充分的展示。
他的第一部作品是《亨利六世》三部曲，取得了巨大的成功。
从那时起，威廉·莎士比亚成为了伦敦剧院的一颗耀眼的新星。
他常说故事是从最底层人物展开的，所以他的作品往往聚焦在人类的内心世界，呈现出了丰富的情感和动人的故事情节。
除了创作杰出的戏剧作品，威廉·莎士比亚也是一位杰出的诗人。
他的诗歌作品《十四行诗》被公认为是世界文学史上的经典之一，其优美的词句和含蓄的情感深受人们的喜爱。
莎士比亚的诗歌作品不仅展现了他的诗学造诣，同时也反映出了他对人类情感和生活哲理的深刻理解。
威廉·莎士比亚的作品跨越了多个领域，他创作了历史剧、悲剧、喜剧等多种戏剧类型。
他最杰出的作品包括《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》、《麦克白》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等。
这些作品不仅在当时的英国取得了巨大的成功，而且也被翻译成多种语言，在全世界范围内得到了广泛的传播。
威廉·莎士比亚的作品具有深刻的人性思考，以及对现实生活的深刻剖析，因此能够引起不同文化背景的人们共鸣。
英美名人
温斯顿· 伦纳德· 斯宾塞· 丘吉尔 （1874年11月30日-1965年1月24 日），英国历史学家、政治家、画 家、演说家、作家、记者。他的 《不需要的战争》获1953年诺贝 尔文学奖，著有《第二次世界大战 回忆录》6卷、《英语民族史》4 卷等。是历史上掌握英语单词词汇 量最多的人之一（十二万多），被 美国杂志《展示》列为近百年来世 界最有说服力的八大演说家之一， 曾荣获诺贝尔和平奖提名。1940 －1945年、1951－1955年期间曾 两度任英国首相，被认为是20世 纪最重要的政治领袖之一，带领英 国获得第二次世界大战的胜利。 1929年至1965年临终，连续36年 担任英国布里斯托大学校长。 [1] 2002年，BBC举行了一个名为 “最伟大的100名英国人”的调查， 结果丘吉尔被获选为有史以来最伟 大的英国人。
威廉· 莎士比亚（William Shakespeare，1564－ 1616）是欧洲文艺复兴时 期最重要的作家，杰出的 戏剧家和诗人，他在欧洲 文学史上占有特殊的地位， 被喻为“人类文学奥林匹 克山上的宙斯”。 他亦跟 古希腊三大悲剧家埃斯库 勒斯(Aeschylus)、索福克 里斯(Sophocles)及欧里庇 得斯(Euripides)合称戏剧 史上四大悲剧家。
晚年时光
1.1951年的大选中，保守党重夺政权，丘吉尔再度出任 首相。 2. 1953年12月10日，丘吉尔又获得诺贝尔文学奖，“因 为他精通历史和传记的艺术以及他那捍卫崇高的人类价 值的光辉演说。” 3. 1955年4月5日，丘吉尔因健康原因而辞职，当他走 出唐宁街10号首相府官邸时他吸着雪茄，打出有名的 “V”手势向群众致意，然后就坐上汽车，在人们的欢呼 声中离去。
1965年1月24日，丘吉尔因中风去世。巧合的是，丘吉尔的父亲也是在70年前的1月24日 去世的。
莎士比亚简介
W. William Shakespeare
历史题材作品
亨利四世，第一卷（Henry IV, part 1） 亨利四世，第二卷（Henry IV, part 2） 亨利五世（Henry V） 亨利六世，第一卷（Henry VI, part 1） 亨利六世，第二卷（Henry VI, part 2） 亨利六世，第三卷（Henry VI, part 3） 亨利八世（Henry VIII） 理乍得二世（Richard II）···
W. William Shakespeare
to be or not to be ,that is a question!
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莎士比亚 简介
W. William Shakespeare
莎士比亚（W. William （ Shakespeare；1564～1616） ； ～ 原名：爱德华·德·维尔（Edward （ De Vere） ） 公元1564年4月23日生于英格兰 斯特拉福镇－1616年5月3日（儒 略历4月23日），英国著名剧作 家、诗人。
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不要只因一次失败，就放弃你原来决心想达到的目的。 不要只因一次失败，就放弃你原来决心想达到的目的。
In delay there lies no plenty , Then come kiss me , sweet and twenty , Youth’s a stuff that will not endure .
W. William Shakespeare
暴风雨(The Tempest) 驯悍记(Taming of the Shrew) 第十二夜(Twelf源自h Night or What You
莎士比亚
维 吉 尔 雕 像
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
但丁
13世纪末，意大利文艺复兴的前夜佛罗伦萨诞生 了位伟大的男性诗人，这就是被恩格斯誉为 “中 世纪的最后一位诗人，同时也是新时代的最初一 位诗人”的阿利盖利· 但丁（1265—1321）。意 大利诗人，现代意大利语的奠基者，欧洲文艺复 兴时代的开拓人物之一，以长诗《神曲》留名后 世。恩格斯评价说：“封建的中世纪的终结和现 代资本主义纪元的开端，是以一位大人物为标志 的，这位人物就是意大利人但丁，他是中世纪的 最后一位诗人，同时又是新时代的最初一位诗
亚里斯多德——学术影响
涉及到逻辑学、修辞学、物理学、生物学、 教育学、心理学、政治学、经济学、美学、 博物学等，写下了大量的著作，他的著作 是古代的百科全书，据说有四百到一千部， 主要有《工具论》、《形而上学》、《物 理学》、《伦理学》、《政治学》、《诗 学》等。他的思想对人类产生了深远的影 响。他创立了形式逻辑学，丰富和发展了 哲学的各个分支学科，对科学等作出了巨 大的贡献。最早论证地球是球形的人。
荷马
荷马，古希腊盲诗人。生平和生卒年月不 可考。相传记述公元前12～前11世纪特洛 伊战争及有关海上冒险故事的古希腊长篇 叙事史诗《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》 ，即 是他根据民间流传的短歌综合编写而成。 据此，他生活的年代，当在公元前10～前9、 8世纪之间
荷马语录
为国捐躯，虽死犹荣-荷马温和的谈吐源于 仁慈的人心 以身作则对好人来说是固然是绝伦的大好 事；但对坏人来说，它的害处是无以复加 的 愚蠢被误认为是命运之神犯下的罪过 智慧的标志是审早度势之后再择机行事 追逐影子的人，自己就是影子
巴赫——职业生涯
巴赫于1685年出生在德国爱森纳赫。天赐良机，他生 在一个音乐天赋受到重视、音乐成就受到鼓励的环境 里，他的家庭早在他来世前许多年就已经在音乐界赫 赫有名了。他父亲是一位优秀的小提琴手，祖父的兄 弟中有两位是具有天赋的作曲家，叔伯兄弟姐妹中有 几位是颇受尊敬的音乐家。 巴赫九岁丧母，十岁成了孤儿。由于他嗓音美妙，经 济拮据，少年时期靠奖学金进了在吕讷堡的圣·米歇 尔学校。1702年他从圣·米歇尔学校毕业，翌年在一 家室内乐队当一名小提琴手。在随后的二十年中，他 干过许多行当。巴赫在一生中主要是以一位卓越的风 琴家而闻名，虽然他还是一位作曲家、教师以及乐队 指挥。1723年巴赫三十八岁时开始在莱比锡的圣·托 马斯教堂任歌咏班领唱，他在余生的二十七年中一直 担任此角，1750年，他的心脏停止了跳动。
英美文学人物
威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare，1564-1616），戏剧家，诗人。
生于艾冯河畔的斯特拉福德，并在那里度过童年和青少年。
1586年左右离开故乡，前往伦敦，在剧场做过一段时间杂活，后来开始参与演出一些不太重要的角色。
从1590年起至1613年，他一共创作了38部（一说39部）戏剧，样式包括喜剧、编年史剧、悲剧、传奇剧等，最著名的戏剧包括《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet, 1595 ）、《亨利四世（上篇）》（Henry IV, Part I, 1597）、《威尼斯商人》（The Merchant of Venice, 1596）、《第十二夜》（Twelfth Night, 1600）、《皆大欢喜》（As you like it）、《仲夏夜之梦》（The midsummer night’s dream）、《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet, 1601）、《奥赛罗》（Othello, 1604）、《李尔王》（King Lear, 1605）、《麦克白》（Macbeth, 1606）、《冬天的故事》（Winter’s Tale, 1610）、《暴风雨》（The Tempest, 1 612）等。
莎士比亚还创作有154首十四行诗和7首长诗。
1613年，莎士比亚返回故乡，三年后病逝。
莎士比亚的同代戏剧家本·琼生的“他不属于一个时代，而是属于永远”的赞词，多少表达了数百年来莎士比亚在世界文明和文学中的地位。
约翰·弥尔顿（John Milton，1608-1674），诗人。
弥尔顿的一生和创作大约可分为三个时期：他16岁时入剑桥大学，并开始用拉丁文和英文写诗；1638-39年间，他前往欧洲旅行，并同当时被囚禁的伽利略见过面。
这一时期的主要作品是一些短诗，比较优秀的有《利西达斯》（Lycidas, 1637）等。
1639年，英国革命即将爆发，他返回英国。
英美文学作家介绍英文
文艺复兴时期威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare(1564-1616)As the spokesman of English Renaissance, William Shakespeare is one of the most remarkable playwrights and poets the world has ever known. With his 38 plays, 154 sonnets and 2 long poems, he has established his giant position in world literature. Hamlet, the summit of Shakespeare’s art, is the profoundest expression of his humanism and his criticism of contemporary life.弗朗西斯·培根Francis Bacon(1561-1626)As a representative of the Renaissance in England, Bacon was the founder of modern science of England and the first English essayist. His essays cover a wide variety of subjects. They have won popularity for their precision, clearness, brevity and force. Of Studies is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays. Forceful and persuasive, compact and precise, Of Studies reveals to us Bacon’s mature attitude towards learning.埃德蒙·斯宾塞Edmund Spencer(1552-1599)Spencer was recognized as the “Poet’s poet” by his contemporaries and had great influence on a number of great English poets in the later centuries. His greatest work, The Faerie Queene, was writtenin Spenserian stanza, which was a popular verse form invented by him. The principle intention is to present through a “historical poem” the example of a perfect gentleman.浪漫主义时期威廉·布莱克William Blake(1758-1827)Blake is regarded as a Pre-Romantic or a forerunner of the Romantic poetry of the 19th century, who proclaimed the supremacy of the imagination over the rationalism and materialism. In his masterpiece Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience, the world is seen from a child’s point of view, but the poems also function as parables of adult experience.威廉·华兹华斯William Wordsworth (1770-1850)William Wordsworth was the leading figure of the English romantic poetry. His poems are mainly about the beauty of nature and its relationship with all human beings. His best-known work Lyrical Ballads marked the beginning of the Romantic revival in England. Its preface served as the manifesto of the English Romantic movement in poetry. He, together with Coleridge and Southey, has often been mentioned as the “Lake Poets”.拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱默生Ralph Waldo Emerson（1803-1882）Emerson was the chief spokesman of New England Transcendentalism, which is unanimously agreed to be the summit of the romantic period in the history of American literature. He greatly influenced religion and philosophy, especially with his idea of Transcendentalism, which said that God’s nature was in every person and thing. Emerson’s essay Nature explains Transcendentalism as the unity of nature.现实主义查尔斯·狄更斯Charles Dickens(1812-1870)Dickens was one of the greatest critical realist writers of the Victorian Age. The greatness of Dickens is that he had the ability to sustain interest through all kinds of literary devices. He is a great humorist and satirist and his novels are characterized by a mingling of humor and pathos. His masterpiece Great Expectations is a satire upon the society and those people who dream to enter the higher society.马克·吐温Mark Twain(1835-1910)Mark Twain is the leading US humorous writer of the 19th century, who is considered the father of American literature. In his books Twain shaped the world’s view of America and made an extensive combination of American folk humor and serious literature. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is Twain’s most representative work, describing a journey down the Mississippi undertaken by Huck and Jim.亨利·詹姆斯Henry James(1843-1916)Henry James was the forerunner of the “stream of consciousness”literature. A recurring theme in his fiction is the conflict between the European and American world views. The Portrait of A Lady is generally considered to be his masterpiece, which incarnates the clash between the Old World and the New in the life journey of an American girl in a European cultural environment.自然主义托马斯·哈代Tomas Hardy(1840-1928)Tomas Hardy was an outstanding novelist as well as a poet. His best local-colored works, known as “novels of character and environment”, are the most representative of him as both a naturalistic and a critical realist writer. Tess of D’Urbervilles isHardy’s most well known novel, which portraits the tragic lot of a poor country girl ruined by the bourgeois society.西奥多·德莱塞Theodore Dreiser(1871-1945)Dreiser was one of the most significant American writers of naturalism. His works are often about poor people with unhappy lives. He was opposed to the idea of the American dream of success. In Sister Carrie Dreiser expressed his naturalistic pursuit by expounding the purposelessness of life and attacking the conventional moral standards.斯蒂芬·克莱恩Stephen Crane（1871～1900）Crane was a pioneer writing in the naturalistic tradition and also a pioneer in the field of modern poetry. Crane’s fictional world is a naturalistic one in which man is deprived of free will and expects no help from any quarter whatever. Maggie: A Girl of the Streets relates the story of a good woman’s downfall and destruction in a slum environment.现代主义T．S．爱略特T. S. Eliot (1888-1965)T. S. Eliot was a leader of the modernist movement in English poetry and a great innovator of verse technique, who was awarded the British Order of Merit and the Nobel Prize for literature in 1948. His masterpiece The Waste land is a poem which is regarded as being primarily a reflection of the 20th-century people’s disillusionment and frustration in a sterile and futile society.D. H.劳伦斯D. H. Lawrence（1885-1930）D. H. Lawrence was one of the literary giants of the modern period. The major theme of all his writings is human relationships in the modern world where natural harmony has been destroyed by industry and modernization. In the autobiographical novel Sons and Lovers, the detailed description of the human relationships shows the influence of Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis, especially that of the “Oedipus complex.”詹姆斯·乔伊斯James Joyce(1882-1941)James Joyce was regarded as the most prominent stream-of-consciousness novelist, concentrating on revealing in his novels the psychic being of the characters. His masterpiece Ulysses presents a realistic picture of the modern wasteland, which modernmen are searching in vain for harmonious human relationships and spiritual sustenance in a decaying world.后现代主义塞缪尔·贝克特Samuel Beckett(1906-1989)Samuel Beckett was an Irish playwright, novelist, poet and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature. His plays are concerned with human suffering and survival, and his characters are struggling with meaninglessness and the world of the Nothing. His famous two-act play Waiting for Godot is regarded as an important and symbolic play of the futility and nothingness of human life, a pessimistic attitude towards life.约瑟夫·海勒Joseph Heller(1923-1999)Heller was an American satirical novelist and playwright. In his books he used an absurd linguistic surface to reflect the depth of the absurdity of the modern world. He wrote the influential novel Catch-22 about American servicemen during World War II. It was this work whose title became the term commonly used to express absurdity in choice.约翰·福尔斯John Fowles(1926- )John Fowles is regarded as one of the greatest postmodernist novelists in literary world. He is a master of layered story-telling, illusionism, and purposefully ambiguous endings. His best-known novels are The French Lieutenant’s Woman, The Collector, and The Magu. His protagonists must often confront their past, self-delusions and illusions, in order to gain their personal freedom or peace of mind.。
莎士比亚 William Shakespeare 英文介绍 英美文学
William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare was born in 1564 and died in 1616. He is the greatest of all English poets in English history. He has become landmarks in the history of world culture.William Shakespeare belongs to Renaissance. In England, the 16th century was a period of breaking up of feudal relations and the establishing of the foundation of capitalism. New social and economic condition brought about great changes in the development of science and art. The great changes influence the thought of human at that time. The creation of writing style has changed. Renaissance meaning from French word, meaning “rebirth”, “revival”. Now it is used to indicate the intellectual and literary movement over Europe from the 14th to the early 17th century. Humanism is the core and essence of the Renaissance. About humanism, man is the measure of all things. Man has ability to perfect themselves to develop the individual. Man should enjoy the present life. So many poets and novelists create their work from gods to man.William Shakespeare creates 154 sonnets, 37dramas and 2 long narrative poems. He has a great significance in English literature history. He represents the climax of the Renaissance. He is the one of the few writers who can be indispensable in the Europe literary history. He is most influential man of the letter since the Renaissance. He is the representative of the Renaissance. Besides he has the most command of vocabulary, so people call him a master of use of vocabulary.His writing style is a combination of realism and romantism. In his works of poem. Sonnet 18 is the most famous and influential poetry in the world. Sonnets are fourteen lines, and rhyming in different patterns. William Shakespeare creates his own rhyming patterns of sonnet. And we call it William Shakespeare’s patterns. The rhyme of William Shakespeare’s sonnet 18 is a b a b, c d c d, e f e f, g g. In this poetry, we can get the main theme of Renaissance, humanism. Shakespeare use many rhetorical devices. In the beginning, the first sentence, should I compare thee to a summer’s day use rhetorical question and simile to attract reader’s interest. ‘You are more lovely and gentle than summer’s day’. In the third sentence, the word darling full of emotional color, itpersonifies the buds. In the fourth sentence use metaphor compare lease to life time. Our life is too short, we should cherish our life time. The next sentence, sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines, use rhetorical device, metaphor. And the next sentence use personification. In the seventh sentence, fair use rhetorical devices pun, it means beautiful person and the quality of beauty. In the last two sentence use parallelism to emphasize the emotion and the mood of this poetry. Summer’s day is too short, but your beauty can exist forever in my poetry.When I have read this poetry. I can get the wonderful use of rhetorical devices and vocabulary. He uses his master hand to describe the beauty of his friend. And his poetry, sonnet 18 represent a strong mood of his friendship, making me impressive.。
莎士比亚资料
莎士比亚（W. William Shakespeare ；1564～1616）英国文艺复兴时期伟大的剧作家、诗人，欧洲文艺复兴时期人文主义文学的集大成者。
中文名：威廉·莎士比亚 外文名： W. William Shakespeare国籍： 英国出生地： 英格兰沃里克郡斯特拉福镇出生日1564年4月23日 逝世日期： 1616年5月3日 职业： 剧作家，诗人，演员 代表作品： 四大悲剧《哈姆雷特》《奥赛罗》《李尔王》《麦克白》利五世》。
这些历史剧概括了英国历史上百余年间的动乱，塑造了一系列正、反面君主形象，反映了莎士比亚反对封建割据，拥护中央集权，谴责暴君暴政，要求开明君主进行自上而下改革，建立和谐社会关系的人文主义政治与道德理想。
10部喜剧《错误的喜剧》、《驯悍记》、《维洛那二绅士》、《爱的徒劳》、《仲夏夜之梦》、《威尼斯商人》、《温莎的风流娘儿们》、《无事生非》、《皆大欢喜》和《第十二夜》大都以爱情、友谊、婚姻为主题，主人公多是一些具有人文主义智慧与美德的青年男女，通过他们争取自由、幸福的斗争，歌颂进步、美好的新人新风，同时也温和地揭露和嘲讽旧事物的衰朽和丑恶，如禁欲主义的虚矫、清教徒的伪善和高利贷者的贪鄙等。
莎士比亚这一时期戏剧创作的基本情调是乐观、明朗的，充满着以人文主义理想解决社会矛盾的信心，以致写在这一时期的悲喜剧《罗密欧和朱丽叶》中，也洋溢着喜剧气氛。
尽管主人公殉情而死，但爱的理想战胜死亡，换来了封建世仇的和解。
然而，这一时期较后的成熟喜剧《威尼斯商人》中，又带有忧郁色彩和悲剧因素，在鼓吹仁爱、友谊和真诚爱情的同时，反映了基督教社会中弱肉强食的阶级压迫、种族歧视问题，说明作者已逐渐意识到理想与现实之间存在着难以解决的矛盾。
第二时期（1601～1607年）以悲剧为主，写了3部罗马剧、5部悲剧和3部“阴暗的喜剧”或“问题剧”。
罗马剧《尤利乌斯·凯撒》、《安东尼和克莉奥佩特拉》和《科里奥拉努斯》是取材于普卢塔克《希腊罗马英雄传》的历史剧。
Shakespeare (1564---1616)
Thus much of this will make black white, foul fair, wrong right, base noble, old young, coward, valiant. Give every man thy ear, but few your voice Take everyman‟s censure, but reserve your judgment rich, not gaudy, for the apparel oft proclaims the man. Neither a borrower nor a lender For loan oft loses both itself and friend. And borrowing dullth edge of husbandry.
To be or not to be?”
Plot summary • King Hamlet is murdered by his brother Claudius • Claudius marries the Queen Gertrude to become king • Prince Hamlet is forced by his father‟s ghost to take revenge on Claudius • In the meantime Fortinbras tries to conquer Denmark, which his father had lost to King Hamlet
Death and Burial at Stratford
• 1610 retired from theatre • Dies on April 23, 1616 at age 52 • In death, he leaves a final piece of verse as his epitaph:
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IV.Reading of His Excerpts
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• • • •
1. To be or not to be(a soliloquy by Hamlet) Attention to some words respect, regard, conscience, thought=consideration/reflection resolution, action, will (Hamlet: more thought than action;his hesitation )
• • • • • • • • • •
2.Grammar: 1) est(-st) (didst, wouldst… anst) 2)know not=do not know Bassanio: Do all men kill the things they do not love? 3) Shylock: Hates any man the thing he would not kill? (different formation of questions) 4)Antonio: You may as well forbid the mountain pines/ To wag their high tops, and to make no noise(double negation=positiveness)
• 3.Shakespeare’s comedies • a mood of youth, love, and ideals of happiness in his comedies • heroes and heroines usually young men and women fighting against destiny itself and mould their own fate • general spirit of optimism in accordance with the humanist spirit of Renaissance period and the writer’s youthful mind
William Shakespeare 1564-1616
I.Brief Introduction
• • • • •
1.Origin of English Drama Miracle(mystery) play Morality play Interludes
• 2.Shakespeare’s predecessors
• 1)Latin influence: Seneca’s fate • 2)University Wits • Thomas Kyd: Spanish Tragedy • Christopher Marlower:Tamburlain the Great(supreme desire of Renaissance men and powerful blank verse) • • Renaissance and humanism •
• 2. Sonnet 18 • Motifs: • Friendship, youth, beauty,time, death, eternity, immortality of poety
V.General Comment
• 1.Shakespeare’s poetry
• He has 154 sonnets as well as his beautiful and powerful verse lines in his plays. His sonnets are true treasures owned belonging to humanity.
II.Shakespeare and His Works
• • • • • • 1.His life April 23, 1564—April 23, 1616 Stratfor-on-Avon, Warwickshire 2.His works(37/38 plays, 154 sonnets, 2 long poems) general comment
• 4. translation of some titles: • As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》、 《如愿》 • All’s Well That Ends Well《终成眷 属》
• • • •
5.New findings about his play 1)The Two Noble Kinsmen (1613) Co-author with John Fletcher 2)a play about Edward III has been recognized by scholars as 39th play by Shakespeare
• 3. 4 periods of his writings • 1)apprenticeship period • 2)comedies + histories (period of maturity) • 3)period of tragedies: 4 great tragedies • 4)period of dramatic romances
III. Shakespeare’s language and grammar
• • 1.Archaic words thou, thee, thy (thine), ye=you （pl）,hath, hast thou: have you; wilt: will; doeth: does; art:are; Dost thou: do you; didst thou: did you
• 2.Shakespeare’s tragedies • Each of his four great tragedies: Hamlet, King Lear, Othello and Macbeth portrays some noble figure caught in a difficult situation, when some weakness, or bias of his nature is exposed. Upon his action depends not only his own fate, but that of an entire nation. •