超声波测距仪说明书
超声波测试仪使用说明概要
超声波测试仪使用说明：
1．正确放置电池后，把右边推置拨下来（20M）的位置，产品上面立即显示70.0和电池的电量。
2．当需要测量驱鼠器的超声波的时候，把测试器正对着驱鼠器，LCD上就会显示测量的数据。
3．LCD的显示范围从70.0 - 150.0 ，这个数据只是给测量者提供一个参考的声压数据。
和实际的数据可能会有出入，但不影响演示使用。
4．测量完成后，请把推置拨回到OFF位置。
5．在开机后，5分钟后，产品将自动关机。
如果在20M位置自动关机，请把推置先拨回到OFF位置，再拨回到20M位置，产品将重新开机。
6．此产品是从测距仪上改制过来的，所以产品正面有一些按键。
但是产品正面所有按键功能均无效。
7．如果LCD显示电池电量不足，请更换新电池。
如果长时间不使用，请把电池拿出来，以免电池漏液损坏仪器。
超声波测距器的设计说明书模板
超声波测距器的设计摘要用单片机控制超声波的发射，通过单片机记录和读取发射超声波和接收到的回波的时间差，进而计算出测量的距离。
文中详细论述了超声波测距的原理、测量电路和程序设计的方案。
关键词：超声波测距仪单片机目录摘要．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．Ⅰ1前言．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1 1.1 设计任务．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1 1.2本设计的应用意义．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1 2总体设计方案．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2 2.1设计原理．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．3 2.2总体设计框图．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．4 3电路原理的设计．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．5 3.1超声波传感器．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．5 3.2超声波发射电路设计．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．7 3.3超声波回波接收处理电路设计．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．8 3.4LED显示电路设计．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．9 3.5键盘电路设计．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．10 4软件设计．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．12 4.1超声波测距原理．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．124.1.1超声波脉冲法测距原理．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．204.1.2超声波信号测量．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．21 4.2程序框架．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．174.3测距控制程序．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．18 4.416Hz时基中断处理程序．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．194.6EXT1外部中断程序．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．22 4.7显示刷新程序．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．23 4.8主程序．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．23 5系统调试．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．245.1硬件电路调试．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．245.2软件程序调试．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．255.2.1调试的主要方法．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．265.2.2调试中遇到的问题．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．275.3综合调试．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．28 6 设计总结．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．29 致．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．30 参考文献．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．31 附录A：超声波测距器电路原理图．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．32 附录B：程序清单．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．321 前言1．1 设计任务本设计实现超声波测距，要求测距围为100cm~500cm，用LED 数码管显示测量结果，以厘米为单位，精度为1 厘米；测量用按键触发：（1）开机时数码管显示000；（2）按下键盘则进行一次测量，并把测量结果显示在LED 数码管上。
超声波测距仪使用方法说明书
超声波测距仪使用方法说明书1. 概述超声波测距仪是一种常用的测量仪器，通过发射超声波脉冲并接收其回波来测量距离。
本说明书将详细介绍超声波测距仪的使用方法，以便用户能够正确、高效地操作该仪器。
2. 准备工作在开始测量之前，确保以下准备工作已经完成：2.1 确认超声波测距仪的电源已经连接，并处于正常工作状态。
2.2 确认被测物体与测距仪之间没有遮挡物，以保证测量的准确性。
2.3 选择合适的工作模式和单位，根据实际需要进行相应的设置。
3. 测量步骤3.1 启动仪器按下电源开关，待超声波测距仪正常启动后，屏幕上将显示相关的操作提示。
3.2 定位测量目标将测距仪对准待测物体，使其成为屏幕上的测量目标。
可以通过调整测距仪的方向和角度来精确定位。
3.3 发射超声波脉冲按下“发射”按钮，超声波测距仪将发射一组超声波脉冲，并记录下发送时刻。
3.4 接收回波当超声波脉冲遇到物体并被反射回来时，测距仪将接收到回波，并记录下接收时刻。
3.5 计算距离根据发送和接收时刻之差，超声波测距仪可以计算出测量目标与仪器之间的距离。
4. 测量注意事项4.1 避免测量目标表面有较强的光照或强烈的声音，以免影响超声波的传播和接收。
4.2 在测量长距离时，要保持仪器与测量目标之间的直线视线，以减小测量误差。
4.3 对于不规则形状的物体，建议进行多次测量并取平均值，以提高测量结果的准确性。
4.4 定期检查超声波测距仪的探头是否清洁，避免灰尘或其他杂质的影响。
5. 故障排除在使用超声波测距仪过程中，可能会遇到一些常见的故障情况，以下是一些常见问题的排除方法：5.1 无法启动或显示异常：检查电源连接是否正常，试试更换电池或充电。
5.2 测距不准确：确认测量目标与测距仪之间没有遮挡物，并确保仪器正确定位。
5.3 回波信号弱：检查探头是否干净，并调整适当的增益和灵敏度。
5.4 其他问题：如有其他问题，请参考产品说明书或联系售后服务。
6. 常见应用场景超声波测距仪在多个领域具有广泛的应用，包括建筑工程、机械制造、物流仓储等。
EM310-UDL 超声波测距传感器用户手册说明书
超声波测距传感器EM310-UDL用户手册安全须知为保护产品并确保安全操作，请遵守本使用手册。
如果产品使用不当或者不按手册要求使用，本公司概不负责。
严禁拆卸和改装本产品。
请勿将产品放置在不符合工作温度、湿度等条件的环境中使用，远离冷源、热源和明火。
请勿使产品受到外部撞击或震动。
本产品不可作为计量工具使用。
为了您的设备安全，请及时修改设备默认密码（123456）。
产品符合性声明EM310-UDL系列符合CE,FCC和RoHS的基本要求和其他相关规定。
版权所有©2011-2022星纵物联保留所有权利。
如需帮助，请联系星纵物联技术支持:邮箱：*********************电话:************传真:************总部地址：厦门市集美区软件园三期C09栋深圳：深圳市南山区高新南一道TCL大厦A709文档修订记录日期版本描述2021.9.6V1.0第一版2021.12.30V1.1更新品牌Logo目录一、产品简介 (4)1.1产品介绍 (4)1.2产品亮点 (4)二、产品结构介绍 (4)2.1包装清单 (4)2.2外观概览 (5)2.3产品尺寸 (5)2.4电源按钮与指示灯 (5)三、产品配置 (6)3.1NFC配置 (6)3.2LoRaWAN®基本配置 (6)3.3常用设置 (9)3.4高级设置 (9)3.4.1校准设置 (9)3.4.2阈值设置 (10)3.5维护 (10)3.5.1升级 (10)3.5.2备份 (11)3.5.3重置 (12)四、产品安装 (12)五、数据通信协议 (13)5.1设备信息 (13)5.2传感器数据 (14)5.3下行指令 (14)一、产品简介1.1产品介绍EM310-UDL 是一款功能强大的超声波测距传感器，采用双探头设计，利用超声波测距原理，以非接触方式精准测量传感器与目标间的距离。
同时产品还内置MEMS 三轴加速度计，可用于监控设备姿态。
超声波测距仪说明书
湄洲湾职业技术学院超声波测距仪说明书系别: 自动化工程系年级:10级专业: 电气自动化技术姓名: 郑学号:**********导师姓名: 李志杰职称: 讲师2013年05月29日目录1 前言 (1)2 系统设计参数要求 (2)3 系统设计 (3)3.1系统设计总体框图 (3)3.2超声波测距原理 (4)3.3系统构成 (5)3.4硬件电路设计 (5)3.5传感器介绍 (6)3.5.1超声波传感器原理 (6)4 系统模块 (7)4.1超声波发射模块 (7)4.2超声波接收模块 (8)4.3LCD显示模块 (9)4.4系统印刷电路板的制作图 (9)5 系统软件设计 (10)5.1超声波测距的算法 (10)5.2程序流程图 (10)5.3超声波温度补偿子程序流程图 (11)5.4超声波测距子程序流程图 (12)5.5系统操作说明 (13)5.6系统操作注意事项 (13)参考文献 (14)致谢语 (15)系统附录 (16)附录一原理总图 (16)附录二印刷电路图 (17)附录三元件清单 (18)附录四程序流程 (19)1 前言本设计是以单片机技术为基础，实现对前方物体距离的测量。
根据超声波指向性强,能量消耗慢,在介质中传播距离远的特点,利用超生波传感器对前方物体进行感应，经过单片机中的程序对超声波传感器发射和接收的超声波信号进行分析和计算处理，最后将处理结果在LCD1602上显示。
STC89C52单片机的超声波测距系统,此系统根据超声波在空气中传播反射原理,把超声波传感器作为接口部件,利用超声波在空气中传播的时间差来测量距离,设计了一套超声波检测系统。
该系统设计主要由主控制器模块、超声波发射模块、超声波接收模块和显示模块等四个基本模块构成，用接收部分接收超声波。
本设计利用两个中断，在发射信号时，打开定时器中断0和外部中断0使定时器计时，接收到发射超声波信号时，外部中断0关闭中断，这时定时器中断0计录的时间就为超声波传播经过测距仪到前方物体的来回时间。
MaxBotix XL-MaxSonar-EZ AE 高性能超声波距离测量器产品说明书
High Performance Sonar Range Finder ArrayMB1200, MB1210, MB1220, MB1230, MB1240, MB1260, MB12618time auto calibration forEZ/AE sensors have a low powerClose Range OperationApplications requiring 100% reading-to-reading reliability should not use MaxSonar sensors at a distance closer than20cm. Although most users find MaxSonar sensors to work reliably from 0 to 20cm (25cm select models) for detecting objects in many applications, MaxBotix® Inc. does not guarantee operational reliability for objects closer than the minimum reported distance. Because of ultrasonic physics, these sensors are unable to achieve 100% reliability at close distances.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Warning: Personal Safety ApplicationsWe do not recommend or endorse this product be used as a component in any personal safety applications. This product is not designed, intended or authorized for such use. These sensors and controls do not include the self-checking redundant circuitry needed for such use. Such unauthorized use may create a failure of the MaxBotix® Inc. product which may result in personal injury or death. MaxBotix®Inc. will not be held liable for unauthorized use of this component.Our ultrasonic sensors are in air, non-contact object detection and ranging sensors that detect objects within an area. These sensors are not affected by the color or other visual characteristics of the detected object. Ultrasonic sensors use high frequency sound to detect and localize objects in a variety of environments. Ultrasonic sensors measure the time of flight for sound that has been transmitted to and reflected back from nearby objects. Based upon the time of flight, the sensor then outputs a range reading._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Pin OutPin 1-BW-Leave open (or high) for serial output on the Pin 5 output. When Pin 1 is held low the Pin 5 output sends a pulse (instead of serial data), suitable for low noise chaining.Pin 2-PW– For the MB1200 (EZ) sensor series, this pin outputs a pulse width representation of range. To calculate distance, use the scale factor of 58uS per cm.For the MB1300 (AE) sensor series, this pin outputs the analog voltage envelope of the acoustic wave form. The output allows the user to process the raw waveform of the sensor.Pin 3-AN– For the 7.6 meter sensors (all sensors except for MB1260, MB1261, MB1360, and MB1361), this pin outputs analog voltage with a scaling factor of (Vcc/1024) per cm. A supply of 5V yields ~4.9mV/cm., and 3.3V yields ~3.2mV/ cm. Hardware limits the maximum reported range on this output to ~700cm at 5V and ~600cm at 3.3V. The output is buffered and corresponds to the most recent range data.For the 10 meter sensors (MB1260, MB1261, MB1360, MB1361), this pin outputs analog voltage with a scaling factor of (Vcc/1024) per 2 cm. A supply of 5V yields ~4.9mV/2cm., and 3.3V yields ~3.2mV/2cm. The output is buffered and corresponds to the most recent range data.Pin 4-RX– This pin is internally pulled high. The XL-MaxSonar-EZ sensors will continually measure range and output if the pin is left unconnected or held high. If held low the will stop ranging. Bring high 20uS or more for range reading. Pin 5-TX-When Pin 1 is open or held high, the Pin 5 output delivers asynchronous serial with an RS232 format, except voltages are 0-Vcc. The output is an ASCII capital “R”, followed by three ASCII character digits representing the range in centimeters up to a maximum of 765, followed by a carriage return (ASCII 13). The baud rate is 9600, 8 bits, no parity, with one stop bit. Although the voltage of 0-Vcc is outside the RS232 standard, most RS232 devices have sufficient margin to read 0-Vcc serial data. If standard voltage level RS232 is desired, invert, and connect an RS232 converter such as a MAX232.When Pin 1 is held low, the Pin 5 output sends a single pulse, suitable for low noise chaining (no serial data).Pin 6-+5V-Vcc – Operates on 3.3V - 5V. The average (and peak) current draw for 3.3V operation is 2.1mA (50mA peak) and at 5V operation is 3.4mA (100mA peak) respectively. Peak current is used during sonar pulse transmit. Please reference page 4 for minimum operating voltage verses temperature information.Pin 7-GND- Return for the DC power supply. GND (& V+) must be ripple and noise free for best operation._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Product Release NotesFor all MB1260/MB1360 sensors sold after Feb 20, 2013, the minimum reported distance is 25cm.For all MB1261/MB1361 sensors sold after Feb 20, 2013, the minimum reported distance is 25cm.For all MB1200/MB1300 sensors sold after Oct 01, 2013, the minimum reported distance is 25cm.For all MB1210/MB1310 sensors sold after Oct 01, 2013, the minimum reported distance is 25cm.The sensor minimum reported distance is 20cm 1 (7.87 inches). However, the XL -MaxSonar -EZ will range and report targets to the front sensor face. Large targets closer than 20cm 1 will typically range as 20cm 1.Sensor Operation from 6-inches to 20-inchesBecause of acoustic phase effects in the near field, objects between 20cm and 50cm may experience acoustic phasecancellation of the returning waveform resulting in inaccuracies. These effects become less prevalent as the target distance increases, and has not been observed past 50cm. For this reason, industrial users that require the highest sensor accuracy are encouraged to mount the XL -MaxSonar -EZ from objects that are farther than 50cm.Range “0” LocationThe XL -MaxSonar -EZ reports the range to distant targets starting from the front of the sensor as shown in the diagram below.In general, the XL -MaxSonar -EZ will report the range to the leading edge of the closest detectable object. Target detection has been characterized in the sensor beam patterns.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Mechanical Dimensions____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Real -Time Auto CalibrationEach time before the XL -MaxSonar sensor takes a range reading it calibrates itself. The sensor then uses this data to range to objects. If the temperature, humidity, or applied voltage changes during operation, the sensor will continue to function normally. The sensor does not apply compensation for the speed of sound change versus temperature to any range readings.Temperature CompensationThe speed of sound in air increases about 0.6 meters per second, per degree centigrade. The XL -MaxSonar -EZ sensors are not equipped with an internal temperature compensation. If temperature compensation is desired, contact MaxBotix and request the temperature compensation formula PDF. This will allow users to compensation for speed of sound changes.Range ZeroThe graph below shows minimum operating voltage of the sensor verses temperature.While the XL-MaxSonar® is designed to operate in the presence of noise, best operation is obtained when noise strength is low and desired signal strength is high. Hence, the user is encouraged to mount the sensor in such a way that minimizes outside acoustic noise pickup. In addition, keep the DC power to the sensor free of noise. This will let the sensor deal with noise issues outside of the users direct control (in general, the sensor will still function well even if these things are ignored). Users are encouraged to test the sensor in their application to verify usability.For every ranging cycle, individual filtering for that specific cycle is applied. In general, noise from regularly occurring periodic noise sources such as motors, fans, vibration, etc., will not falsely be detected as an object. This holds true even if the periodic noise increases or decreases (such as might occur in engine throttling or an increase/decrease of wind movement over the sensor). Even so, it is possible for sharp non-periodic noise sources to cause false target detection. In addition, *(because of dynamic range and signal to noise physics,) as the noise level increases, at first only small targets might be missed, but if noise increases to very high levels, it is likely that even large targets will be missed.*In high noise environments, if needed, use 5V power to keep acoustic signal power high. In addition, a high acoustic noise environment may use some of the dynamic range of the sensor, so consider a part with less gain such as the MB1220/MB1320 MB1230/MB1330 or MB1240/MB1340. For applications with large targets, consider a part with ultra clutter rejection like the MB7369._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Typical Performance to Target_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Typical Performance in clutterPower Up TimingSensor Free-Run TimingReal-Time OperationTiming Description175mS after power-up, the XL-MaxSonar is ready to begin ranging. If Pin-4 is left open or held high (20uS or greater), the sensor will take a range reading. The XL-MaxSonar checks the Pin-4 at the end of every cycle. Range data can be acquired once every 99mS. Each 99mS period starts by Pin-4 being high or open, after which the XL-MaxSonar calibrates and calculates for 20.5mS, and after which, twenty 42KHz waves are sent.At this point, for the MB1260, the pulse width (PW) Pin-2 is set high and until an object is detected after which the pin is set low. If no target is detected the PW pin will be held high for up to 44.4mS1 (i.e. 58uS * 765cm) or 62.0mS2 (i.e. 58uS * 1068cm). (For the most accurate range data, use the PW output.)For the MB1300 sensor series, The analog envelope output, Pin-2, will show the real-time signal return information of the analog waveform.For both parts, the remainder of the 99mS time (less 4.7mS) is spent adjusting the analog voltage to the correct level, (and allowing the high acoustic power to dissipate). During the last 4.7mS, the serial data is sent.When using multiple ultrasonic sensors in a single system, there can be interference (cross-talk) from the other sensors. MaxBotix Inc., has engineered a solution to this problem for the XL-MaxSonar-EZ sensors. The solution is referred to as chaining. We have 3 methods of chaining that work well to avoid the issue of cross-talk.The first method is AN Output Commanded Loop. The first sensor will range, then trigger the next sensor to range and so on for all the sensor in the array. Once the last sensor has ranged, the array stops until the first sensor is triggered to range again. Below is a diagram on how to set this up.The next method is AN Output Constantly Looping. The first sensor will range, then trigger the next sensor to range and so on for all the sensor in the array. Once the last sensor has ranged, it will trigger the first sensor in the array to range again and will continue this loop indefinitely. Below is a diagram on how to set this up.The final method is AN Output Simultaneous Operation. This method does not work in all applications and is sensitive to how the other sensors in the array are positioned in comparison to each other. Testing is recommend to verify this method will work for your application. All the sensors RX pins are conned together and triggered at the same time causing all the sensor to take a range reading at the same time. Once the range reading is complete, the sensors stop ranging until triggered next time. Below is a diagram on how to set this up.The XL -MaxSonar -EZ sensors have the capability to operating independently when the user desires. When using the XL -MaxSonar -EZ sensors in single or independent sensor operation, it is easiest to allow the sensor to free -run. Free -run is the default mode of operation for all of the MaxBotix Inc., sensors. The XL -MaxSonar -EZ sensors have three separate outputs that update the range data simultaneously: Analog Voltage, Pulse Width, and RS232 Serial. Below are diagrams on how to connect the sensor for each of the three outputs when operating in a single or independent sensor operating environment._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Selecting a XL -MaxSonar -EZ/AEDifferent applications require different sensors. The XL -MaxSonar -EZ/AE product line offers varied sensitivity to allow you to select the best sensor to meet your needs.The diagram above shows how each product balances sensitivity and noise tolerance. This does not effect the maximum range, pin outputs, or other operations of the sensor. To view how each sensor will function to different sized targets reference the XL -MaxSonar -EZ BeamPatterns._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Beam CharacteristicsBackground Information Regarding our Beam PatternsEach XL -MaxSonar -approximate detection pattern shown in this datasheet. This allows end users to select the partnumber that matches their given sensing application. Each part number has a consistent field ofdetection so additional units of the same part number will have similar beam patterns. The beamplots are provided to help identify an estimated detection zone for an application based on theacoustic properties of a target versus the plotted beam patterns.Each beam pattern is a 2D representation of the detection area of the sensor. The beam pattern isactually shaped like a 3D cone (having the same detection pattern both vertically and horizontally). Detection patterns for dowels are used to show the beam pattern of each sensor. Dowels are longfor a given size target which allows easy comparison of one MaxSonar sensor to another MaxSonar sensor.For each part number, the four patterns (A, B, C, and D) represent the detection zone for a given target size. Each beam pattern shown is determined by the sensor’s part number and target size.The actual beam angle changes over the full range. Use the beam pattern for a specific target at any given distance to calculate the beam angle for that target at the specific distance. Generally, smaller targets are detected over a narrower beam angle and a shorter distance. Larger targets are detected over a wider beam angle and a longer range.MB1200/MB1300Applications and Uses∙ Great for people detection ∙ Security ∙ Motion detection ∙ Used with battery power ∙ Autonomous navigation ∙ Educational and hobby robotics ∙ Collision avoidanceThe wide beam makes this sensor ideal for a variety of applications including people detection, autonomous navigation, and wide beam applications.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________MB1200/MB1300Features and Benefits∙ Widest and most sensitive beampattern in XL -MaxSonar -EZ/AE line∙ Low power consumption ∙ Easy to use interface∙ Will pick up the most noise clutterof any of the sensors in XL -MaxSonar -EZ/AE line∙ Detects smaller objects∙ Best sensor to detect soft object inXL -MaxSonar -EZ line∙ Requires use of less sensors to dosame job∙ Can detect people up toapproximately 18 feet∙ 3.3v to 5.5v operational voltageNote: All sensors sold after Oct 01, 2013 have a minimum reported distance of 25cm. All sensors soldbefore this date have a 20cm minimum reported distance.MB1210/MB1310Applications and Uses∙ Great for people detection ∙ Security ∙ Motion detection ∙ Used with battery power ∙ Autonomous navigation ∙ Educational and hobby robotics ∙ Collision avoidance makes the MB1210/MB1310 an ideal sensor for applications in which the MB1200/MB1300 are too sensitive. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________MB1210/MB1310Features and Benefits ∙ Great for applications in which the MB1200/MB1300 are too sensitive ∙ Low power consumption ∙ Easy to use interface ∙ Detects small objects ∙ Can detect people up to approximately 11 feet∙ 3.3v to 5.5v operational voltage Note: All sensors sold after Oct 01, 2013 have a minimum reported distance of 25cm. All sensors soldbefore this date have a 20cm minimum reported distance.MB1220/MB1320Applications and Uses∙ Great for people detection ∙ Security ∙ Motion detection ∙ Landing flying objects ∙ Used with battery power ∙ Autonomous navigation ∙ Educational and hobby robotics ∙ Collision avoidanceThis sensor balances sensitivity and detection to targets of different sizes. This sensor is a good comprise between sensitivity and side object rejection.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________MB1220/MB1320Features and Benefits∙ Recommended for users unsure ofwhich sensor to use in their application∙ Low power consumption ∙ Easy to use interface∙ Good balance of sensitivity and sideobject rejection∙ Can detect people up toapproximately 10 feet∙ 3.3v to 5.5v operational voltageMB1230/MB1330Applications and Uses∙ Great for people detection ∙ Security ∙ Motion detection ∙ Landing flying objects ∙ Used with battery power ∙ Autonomous navigation ∙ Educational and hobby robotics ∙ Collision avoidanceMB1230/MB1330 sensor a good choice in applications where the MB1240/MB1340 do not have enough sensitivity______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________MB1230/MB1330Features and Benefits∙ Slightly more sensitive then theMB1240/MB1340∙ Low power consumption ∙ Easy to use interface ∙ Large Object detection∙ Requires use of less sensors to dosame job∙ Can detect people up toapproximately 8 feet∙ 3.3v to 5.5v operational voltageMB1240/MB1340Applications and Uses∙ Great for people detection ∙ Security ∙ Motion detection∙ Recommended for multi -copters andUAV’s∙ Used with battery power ∙ Autonomous navigation ∙ Educational and hobby robotics ∙ Collision avoidanceThis makes the senor great for applications in which there is a large amount of acoustic. The MB1240/MB1340 sensor is also recommended in applications where only large target detection is required.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________MB1240/MB1340Features and Benefits∙ Narrowest beam in theXL -MaxSonar -EZ/AE sensor line∙ Low power consumption ∙ Easy to use interface ∙ Large target detection ∙ Acoustic noise rejection ∙ 3.3v to 5.5v operational voltageMB1260/MB1360Applications and Uses∙ Great for people detection ∙ Security ∙ Motion detection ∙ Used with battery power ∙ Autonomous navigation ∙ Educational and hobby robotics ∙ Collision avoidance ∙ Long range detectionrange of 1068cm to large targets. This sensor is recommended for long range measurement to large targets. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________MB1260/MB1360Features and Benefits∙ Shares same beam pattern withMB1200/MB1300∙ Maximum range of 1068cm to largetargets∙ Low power consumption ∙ Easy to use interface∙ Can detect people to approximately18feet∙ 3.3v to 5v operational voltageNote: Firmware rev 1.6b and newer have a 25cm minimum reported distance. This applies to all sensorssold after February 20, 2013. All sensors sold before this date have a 20cm minimum reported distance.MB1261/MB1361Applications and Uses∙ Great for people detection ∙ Security ∙ Motion detection ∙ Used with battery power ∙ Autonomous navigation ∙ Educational and hobby robotics ∙ Collision avoidance ∙ Long range detectiona longer maximum range of 1068cm to large targets. This sensor is recommended for applications in which the MB1210/MB1310 do not have a long enough detection distance.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________MB1261/MB1361Features and Benefits∙ Same beam pattern as the MB1210/MB1310∙ Long range of 1068cm to largetargets∙ Low power consumption ∙ Easy to use interface ∙ Detects smaller objects∙ Requires use of less sensors to dosame job∙ Can detect people up toapproximately 11 feet∙ 3.3v to 5v operational voltageAll part numbers are a combination of a six -character base followed by a dash and a three -digit product code. Please review the following table for more information on the three -digit product code.The following table displays all of the active and valid part numbers for this product.-We offer Technical Support on all of our products even if you purchased them through one of our many vendors worldwide.You can fill out a Technical Support form for assistance on a sensor here --> Technical SupportNot sure which sensor you need for your application?We offer Sensor Selection Assistance, click the link here to fill out a form for support --> Sensor Selection Help Looking for tutorials to help you get started?Frequently Asked Questions about Our SensorsWe receive many questions about our products and services. This resource offers answers to common inquiries we receive about our product lines and their application.Fully Calibrated Beam PatternsAll of our sensors are factory calibrated to provide consistent beam patterns, detection zones, to fit into a wide variety of applications. In our product lines, each model number comes with a different beam pattern that reflects the sensitivity and the detection zone of how it sees a target. Additionally, we strive to maintain consistency be-tween our finished products, and you will see little to no deviation between sensors of the same model. This al-lows you to have confidence in your final application when using multiple sensors.Understanding Range ReadingsThe success of an application may hinge upon knowing the exact location of a target. However, a sensor may report one meter even if the target is not exactly one meter away from the sensor. Sensor specifications, such as resolution, precision, and accuracy, help you to understand sensor performance.How to Use Multiple Ultrasonic SensorsThis guide covers three ways to run your sensors in a Multiple Sensor environment and issues you may face. Contact us now with any questions at ****************** or call +1-218-454-0766.Please call during our preferred business hours of 8:00 am – 4:30 pm EST on Monday through Thursday and 8:00 am – 2:00 pm EST on Friday, or you may leave us a voicemail anytime.。
超声波测距仪操作指南说明书
超声波测距仪操作指南说明书一、产品概述超声波测距仪是一种使用超声波技术进行测距的仪器。
该仪器可以广泛应用于建筑、工程、仓储、物流等领域，用于测量物体与测距仪之间的距离。
二、产品特点1. 高精度测量：超声波测距仪采用先进的超声波技术，能够精确测量物体与测距仪之间的距离，并具备高精确度。
2. 快速响应：该测距仪具有快速响应的能力，可以及时给出测量结果。
3. 多功能设计：超声波测距仪尤其适用于需要进行反复测量的环境，它不仅可以测量距离，还可以提供体积、面积等其他相关数据。
4. 易于操作：该测距仪采用简单的操作界面，用户可以轻松进行操作，并能够快速上手。
三、产品使用步骤1. 打开超声波测距仪：按下开关按钮，开启测距仪。
2. 进行初步设置：进入设置菜单，根据实际需求选择测量单位（如厘米、米）以及其他设置选项。
3. 对准测量目标：将测距仪对准待测量的目标物体，确保无遮挡物干扰，距离尽量垂直测量。
4. 进行测量：按下“测量”按钮，测距仪将向目标物体发出超声波信号，并通过测量回波时间计算出距离。
5. 查看测量结果：测距仪会在显示屏上显示测得的距离数值，并可在菜单中设置是否显示其他相关数据，如体积、面积。
6. 关闭超声波测距仪：在使用完毕后，按下开关按钮，关闭测距仪。
四、使用注意事项1. 避免使用在极端环境下：超声波测距仪对于极端高温、低温、潮湿等环境不适用，应避免在此类环境中使用。
2. 避免测量透明物体：超声波无法准确测量透明物体的距离，应避免对透明物体进行测量。
3. 避免测量不规则形状物体：对于形状不规则的物体，测量结果可能存在误差，应注意。
4. 避免测量过程中晃动：在测量过程中，避免手部晃动或移动，以确保测量结果的准确性。
5. 定期校准：为了确保测量结果的准确性，定期进行校准是必要的。
五、常见问题解答1. 为什么测量结果不准确？可能是测距仪与目标物之间存在遮挡物，或者测量时手部晃动等原因导致测量结果不准确。
JSN-SR04T-2.0 一体化超声波测距模块说明书
JSN-SR04T-2.0一体化超声波测距说明书1、产品特点：JSN-SR0T4-2.0超声波测距模块可提供20cm-600cm的非接触式距离感测功能，测距精度可达高到2mm；模块包括收发一体的超声波传感器与控制电路组成。
模式一的用法与本司的HC-SR04模块谦容。
本产品采用工业级一体化超声波探头设计，防水型，性能稳定，谦容市场上所有的MCU工作。
1、体积小，使用便捷2、供电范围宽，低功耗3、测量精度高，分辨率高4、探测盲区小，距离更远5、输出方式多样化，脉宽输出，串口输出。
2、实物图：3、规格参数：脉宽输出串口输出工作电压DC： 3.0-5.5V工作电流小于8mA探头频率40kHz最远射程600cm最近射程20cm远距精度±1cm分辨率1mm测量角度75度输入触发信号1、10uS以上的TTL脉冲2、串口发送指令0X55输出回响信号输出脉宽电平信号，或TTL接线方式3-5.5V(电源正极) Trig (控制端)RX Echo（输出端）TX GND（电源负极产品尺寸L42*W29*H12 mm工作温度-20℃—+70℃产品颜色PCB板为蓝色4、功能说明：本模块共有三种工作模式可以选择，客户可根据自己实际需要进行切换或实验。
如下图模式一：R27=open 即是不用焊接。
该模式说明如下1、基本工作原理：(1)采用IO口TRIG触发测距，给最少10us的高电平信呈。
(2)模块自动发送8个40khz的方波，自动检测是否有信号返回；(3)有信号返回，通过IO口ECHO输出一个高电平，高电平持续的时间就是超声波从发射到返回的时间。
测试距离=(高电平时间*声速(340M/S))/2;（4）模块被触发测距后，如果接收不到回波（原因超过所测范围或是探头没有正对被测物），ECHO口会在60MS后自动变为低电平，标志着此次测量结束，不论成功与否。
（5）LED指示灯说明，LED非电源指示灯，它在模块接收到触发信号后才会亮，此时模块处于工作状态。
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自动测量及控制综合课程设计说明书题目超声波测距仪学院机械工程学院班级学生姓名学号指导老师2015年1月18日目录1绪论 (3)1.1课题设计及意义 (3)1.2设计内容 (3)2超声波测距设计原理及方案选择 (3)2.1超声波测距原理 (3)2.2设计方案 (4)3硬件选择与设计 (5)3.1单片机的选择 (6)3.2超声波模块的选择 (6)3.2.1 HC-SR04超声波模块时序图 (7)3.2.2 HC-SR04模块的使用 (8)3.3数码管的选择 (8)3.4硬件电路的设计 (9)4软件部分设计 (9)5数据处理及误差分析 (11)6设计体会与总结 (11)附录 (13)附录Ⅰ：超声波测距仪系统实物图................ 错误!未定义书签。
附录Ⅱ：程序代码 (13)附录Ⅲ：参考文献 (15)1绪论1.1课题设计及意义随着科学技术的快速发展，超声波将在测距仪中的应用越来越广。
但就目前水平说，人们可以具体利用的测距技术还十分有限，因此，这是一个正在蓬勃发展而又有无限前景的技术及产业领域。
展望未来，超声波测距仪作为种新型的非常重要的工具在各方面都将有很大的发展空间，它将朝着更加高定位高精度的方向发展，以满足日益发展的社会需求，如声纳的发展趋势基本为：研制具有更高定位精度的被动测距声纳，以满足水中武器实施全隐蔽攻击的需要；继续发展采用低频线谱检测的潜艇拖曳线列阵声纳，实现超远程的被动探测和识别；研制更适合于浅海工作的潜艇声纳，特别是解决浅海水中目标识别问题；降低潜艇噪声，改善潜艇声纳的工作环境。
无庸置疑，未来的超声波测距仪将与自动化智能化接轨，与其他的测距仪集成和融合，形成多测距仪。
随着测距仪的技术进步测距仪将从具有单纯判断功能发展到具有学习功能，最终发展到具有创造力。
在新的世纪里，面貌一新的测距仪将发挥更大的作用。
1.2设计内容超声波测距仪的设计,由单片机控制超声发射装置发射超声波，当超声波遇到障碍物时，发生反射，再由接受装置接受超声波，由单片机计算从发射到接受的时间并计算出障碍到超声波发射器的距离。
在理解超声波测距原理的基础上，设计出基于51单片机为核心的超声波测距仪。
该超声波测距仪，要求测量距离≤6m，测量精度要求优于1%,显示方式为数码管显示，具有RS-232通信能力，具有较强的抗干扰能力。
测量时与被测物体无直接接触，能够清晰、稳定地显示测量结果。
2超声波测距设计原理及方案选择2.1超声波测距原理超声波是一种在弹性介质中的机械振荡，传播速度仅为光波的百万分之一，超声波对色彩，光照度，外界光线和电磁场不敏感，因此超声波测距对于被测物处于黑暗，有灰尘或烟雾，强电磁干挠，有毒等恶劣的环境下有一定的适用能力，在液体测位，机器人避障和定位，倒车雷达、物体识别等方面有广泛应用。
而且超声波传播不易受干挠，因而经常用于距离的测量。
在某一时刻给超声波发生器施加40 khz方波信号，发生器发出超声波，遇到被测物体后反射回来，被超声波接受器接受到。
超声波发射器向某一方向发射超声波，在发射时刻的同时开始计时，超声波在空气中传播，途中碰到障碍物就立即返回来，超声波接收器收到反射波就立即停止计时就可以计算出被测物体的距离d=s/2=(vt)/2。
其中d为被测物到测距仪之间的距离，s为超声波往返通过的路程，v为超声波在介质中的传播速度，t为超声波从发射到接收所用时间。
这就是所谓的时间差测距法。
超声波测距的原理是利用超声波在空气中的传播速度为已知，测量声波在发射后遇到障碍物反射回来的时间，根据发射和接收的时间差计算出发射点到障碍物的实际距离。
2.2设计方案为了以超声波作为检测手段，必须产生超生波和接收超声波。
完成这种功能的装置就是超声波传感器，习惯上称为超声波换能器或超声波探头。
超声波传感器是利用压电效应的原理将电能和超声波相互转化，即在发射超声波的时候，将电能转换，发射超声波；而在收到回波的时候，则将超声振动转换成电信号。
超声波测距仪利用超声波指向性强，能量消耗缓慢，在介质中传播距离较远的特点测量两点之间的距离的仪器。
这个设计就是利用超声波传输中的距离与时间的关系，采用了S T C89C52单片机对超声波仪进行控制及数据处理，设计出了能够精确测量两点间距离的超声波测距仪。
该测距仪主要是由单片机主控模块、显示模块、超声波发射模块、接收模块所构成。
其中采用S T C89C52单片机作为主控模块，用来控制超声波的发出和接收，并且计算距离。
用超声波模块HC-SR04发出和接受超声波，用3位数码管作为显示模块。
本次设计的超声波测距仪，具有迅速、操作方便、计算简单、易于做到实时控制，并且测量精度较高的特点。
测量范围可达到25cm～350cm，其误差1cm左右。
在理论分析上达到了本次课设的要求。
超声波测距仪原理框图如下图：图1 超声波测距仪原理框图3硬件选择与设计硬件电路的设计主要包括单片机系统及显示电路、超声波发射电路和超声波检测接收电路三部分。
单片机采用STC89C52RC系列。
采用11.0594MHz高精度的晶振，以获得较稳定时钟频率，减小测量误差。
单片机用P1.0端口输出超声波换能器所需的40kHz的方波信号，利用外中断P3.2端口监测超声波接收电路输出的返回信号，使用T0定时器来发射方波脉冲。
显示电路采用简单实用的4位共阴LED数码管，用0.5k排阻驱动。
图2 超声波测距仪系统电路原理图超声波发射器放大电路超声波接收器放大电路锁相环检波电路定时器单片机控制显示器3.1单片机的选择在这个设计中单片机选用的是STC89C52(如图3),它内部集成了功能强大的中央处理器。
具有以下标准的功能：32个I/O口线，看门狗（WDT），4k字节的Flash闪速存储器，128字节的内部RAM，一个向量两级中断结构，两个16位定时/计数器，两个数据指针，片内振荡器及时钟电路，一个全双工串行通信口。
CPU的工作在空闲方式下停止，但允许RAM，定时/计数器，串行通信口及中断系统继续工作。
掉电方式保存RAM中的内容，但振荡器停止工作并禁止其它所有部件工作直到下一个硬件复位。
STC89C52集成了几乎完善的8位中央处理单元，处理功能强，中央处理单元中集成了方便灵活的专用寄存器，硬件的加，减，乘，除法器和布尔处理机以及各种逻辑运算和转移指令，这给应用提供了极大的便利。
STC89C52把微型计算机的大部分的部件都是集成在一个芯片上，所以达达缩短了数据传输距离，具有更高的可靠性，和更快的运行速度，由于微型计算机已经芯片化了，所以各功能部件的布局和结构在芯片中已经达到最优化，加强了抗干扰能力，工作也相对稳定。
它是40引脚双列直插分装方式（如图2）。
图3 STC89C52引脚图3.2超声波模块的选择在超声波测距仪设计中，采用HY-SRF05超声波模块（如图3），它性能稳定，测度距离精确，模块高精度，盲区小。
可以用来设计机器人避障、物体测距、液位检测等领域。
图4 HY-SRF05超声波模块HY-SRF05超声波测距模块设计的嵌入式系统这样的项目。
它的分辨率为0.3和测距距离为2cm至400厘米。
它采用一个5V直流电源供电，待机电流小于2mA。
该模块发送的超声波信号，拿起其回波，测量所经过的时间之间的两个事件和输出波形，其高的时间是由测得的时间的距离成正比的调制。
3.2.1 HY-SRF05超声波模块时序图图5 HY-SRF05时序图从时序图中，可以看到的40kHz脉冲串传输的的10US触发脉冲后的回声输出后，得到一些更多的时间。
只有后回波消失，这个时间段被称为循环周期，可以给出的下一个触发脉冲HY-SRF05的循环周期必须不低于50毫秒。
根据数据表，就可以计算出距离。
3.2.2 HY-SRF05模块的使用初始化时将trig和echo端口都置低，首先向给trig发送至少10 us的高电平脉冲（模块自动向外发送8个40K的方波），然后等待，捕捉echo 端输出上升沿，捕捉到上升沿的同时，打开定时器开始计时，再次等待捕捉echo的下降沿，当捕捉到下降沿，读出计时器的时间，这就是超声波在空气中运行的时间，按照如下计算公式：测试距离=(高电平时间*声速(340m/s))/2就可以算出超声波到障碍物的距离。
3.3数码管的选择在本设计中采用共阴极显示模块（如图5），个数为4个。
LED显示块与单片机接口非常容易，只要将一个8位并行输出口与显示块的发光二极管引脚连接即可。
图6 显示电路设计3.4硬件电路的设计时钟电路用于产生单片机工作所需的时钟信号。
时钟信号可以由两种方式产生：内部时钟方式和外部时钟方式，在这个设计中采用的是内部时钟方式。
单片机内部有一个高增益反向放大器，用于构成内部震荡器 ，引脚XTAL1和XTAL2分别是此放大器的输入端和输出端。
在XTAL1和XTAL2两端跨接晶体或陶瓷谐振器，就构成了稳定的自激震荡器，其发生的脉冲直接送入内部时钟发生器，见图5。
外接陶瓷谐振器时，电容约为22pF 。
为了减少寄生电容，更好地保证振荡器稳定可靠地工作，谐振器和电容应尽可能安装的与单片机芯片靠近。
在这儿采用了震荡频率为11.0592MHz 的晶振。
图7 时钟电路 4软件部分设计超声波测距的软件设计主要由主程序、超声波发生子程序、超声波接收程序及显示子程序组成。
超声波测距的程序既有较复杂的计算（计算距离时），又要求精细计算程序运行时间（超声波测距时）。
软件分为两部分，主程序和中断服务程序，主程序完成初始化工作、超声波发射和接收顺序的控制、计算距离、输出显示。
定时器T0中断服务子程序完成超声波的间隔发射、定时器T1完成超声波发射到接收计时、外部中断服务子程序主要完成时间值的读取、接收超声波成功标志设置等工作。
主程序首先是对系统环境初始化，设置定时器T0、T1工作模式为16位定时计数器模式，置位总中断允许位EA=1、打开外部中断、设置负跳变有效，为定时器T0赋初值。
然后等待接收超声波，没有接到超声波报警灯亮，继续等待，定时器T0时间溢出将产生中断，调用超声波发生子程序送出8个超声波脉冲，为了避免超声波发射计时错误，在发射前将计时器T1关闭、清零，发射完成后再次启动定时器T1，接着重新为定时器T0赋初值。
P1.0端口接收到超声波，电平负跳变产生，调用外部中断子程序。
接着关闭定时器T0、T1、外部中断，然后读取时间值，设置接收成功标志，并将定时器T1清零。
由于采用的是12MHz的晶振，计数器T1每计一个数就是0.5μs，当主程序检测到接收成功的标志位后，将定时器T1中的数（即超声波来回所用的时间）按下式计算，即可得被测物体与测距仪之间的距离，设计时取10℃时的声速为338m/s，取其近似值340m/s则有：d=(c×t)/2=(340*T1/1000000)*100cm=0.034*T1cm其中，T1为计数器T1的计算值。