华中师大《语用与交际》练习测试题库及答案

华中师范大学网络教育学院《语用与交际》练习测试题库及答案I. Answer the following questions in your own words （每题2分）1.What is the function of context in understanding utterances?2.What is the relationship between deixis and context?3.What is the gestural use of place deixis?4.How does conversational implicature explain language in terms of meaning?5.How many maxims are there in co-operative principle? And what are they?6.Who invented the term “Pragmatics”?7.What are the three sub-branches of semiotics?8.What is Carnap’s understanding of “Pragmatics”?9.What is the advantage of studying Pragmatics?10.Is grammatical mistake equal to Pragmatic failure?11.Why pragmatists study motion verb under place deixis?12.Why don’t people say what they mean in communication?13.What does CP stand for in Pragmatics?14.What is positive face?15.What is on record?16.What is the disadvantage of studying Pragmatics?17.Is semantic mistake equal to Pragmatic failure?18.What are the possible interpretations of the phrase “Jane’s car”?19.Is time part of context?20.What is the general role of personal deixis in communication?21.Is grammatical mistake equal to Pragmatic failure?22.What is the role of context in understanding utterances?23.What kind of relationship exists between deixis and context?24.How do you understand gestural use of place deixis?25.How does conversational implicature explain language in terms of meaning? II. Explain the following terms briefly. (每题4分)1.inference2.linguistic context3.Pragmatics4.appropriacy5.indirect meaning6.politeness7.face wants8.non-linguistic context9.deixis10.conversational implicature11.context12.co-operative principle13.presupposition14.calendric use of time deixisIII.A．Identify the symbolic, gestural, and non-deictic uses of the second personal pronoun ‘you’ in the following three cases. (每题2分)1.You never know whether to read every chapter or skip one or two.2.I know you will all enjoy reading this chapter.3.You have to read it and you have to read it and you have to read it. B．Please identify the symbolic, gestural, and non-deictic uses of the time deixis “now” in the following three cases. (每题2分)1.I know more about Pragmatics now than before.2.Now that wasn’t very nice.3.Are you ready? Wait for it! Wait for it! NOW (Here the speaker is usinga rising-falling intonation to show stress.)C．Please identify the symbolic, gestural, and non-deictic uses of the demonstrative pronoun “this” in the following three cases. (每题2分)1. I bet you weren’t expecting this example.2. And then this strange guy walks in and vomits.3. Which finger did he bite?/ This little finger on the right?IV. Do the following exchanges violate any maxims under the co-operative principle? If ‘yes’, point out which maxim is being flouted. (每题2分)1. Johnny: Hey Sally let’s play marbles.Mum: How is your homework getting along Johnny?2. A: I hope you bought bread and cheese.B: Ah, I bought the bread.3. A: Whoa! Has your boss gone crazy?B: Let’s go and get some tea.4.(In a family mealtime conversation, participants talk about fieldhockey and how ‘Mum’ has allegedly been active in this sport for a very long time, ‘Dad’ sees fit to offer some ironic comments on Mum’s sportive achievements.)Mum: I used to spend a lot of time playing field hockey, good sport.Dad: Yeah, Mummy was probably playing field hockey when Herbert Hoover took office.Mum: YeahDad: Woodrow Wilson and Teddy Roosevelt.Mum: MhmDad: George WashingtonChild: Abraham LincolnDad: Aristotle and …Child: Thomas JeffersonMum: Yeah,…even when they bombed Pearl Harbour I was.5. Mum: Which H-O-S-P-I-T-A-L shall we take Jimmy to?Dad The nearest one.6. A: Where is Bill?B: There’s a yellow car outside Sue’s house.7. (Below is a conversation between a couple after the husband comes back from thesupermarket.)Wife: I hope you bought bread and cheese.Husband: Ah, I bought the bread.8. (Mary and Tina are two good friends. One day Mary went to see Tina in heroffice and noticed the Tina was very busy with piles of work on her table.)Mary: Whoa! Has your boss gone crazy?Tina: Let’s go and get some tea.9. (Here is a conversation between a British and a non-British in 1960s. TheBritish seems to worry about the current situation of the Gulf.)British: What if USSR blocks the Gulf and all the oil?Non-British: Oh, come now. Britain rules the seas.10. (Harry committed a social offence and had been brought to trial. His friend,Tom, asked Jack about the outcome of the trial.)Tom: How did Harry fare in court the other day?Jack: Oh, he got a fine.11. John is a fish.12. A: Where is my box of chocolates?B: The children were in your room this morning.13. A: We shall all miss Bill and Mary.B: We shall all miss Bill.14. The best of 4 x 4 x far (an automobile ads.)15．Was Hitler going to be moderate?16. War is war.17. Husband: Let’s give kids something to eat.Wife: Yes, but I veto C-H-O-C-O-L-A-T-E.V. For the following sentences, you are required to identify presupposition triggers first and then give a semantic presupposition for each. (每题2分)1.The flying saucer came again.2.Jane’s husband went to Newcastle3.Before the child goes to school, he must finish his homework.4.If I had not had a cold, I would have gone to the shopping mall.5.What Mary lost was her purse.6.I r egret having drunk John’s homebrew.7.John realized that he had made a mistake.8.Mary managed to finish in time.9.John stopped beating his child.10.John accused Bill of stealing the book11.The Prime Minister forgot to keep a record of her instructions at the timearms were exported to Italy.12.Carol is a better student than Bill.13.They returned to the place.14.Why are you late today?15.I left before he ate his cake.16.It wasn’t she who took away Larry’s notebook.17.The flying saucer came before.18.Tom regrets drinking John’s ho me brew.19.If music was the food of love, play on.20.I stopped jogging after a visit to the doctor.21.Is there a professor of linguistics at MIT?22.After he married, he became hen-pecked.23.We happened to run out of fuel.24.He saw a man with two heads.25.Nobody realised that Lily was ill.VI. Multiple Choices（每题2分）Directions: For each problem in this part, you are presented with one situation with more than one utterance underneath. Read the description of each situation with the utterances and decide which is the most appropriate utterance in that situation.1. One day, when an American lady accidentally bumped into Wei Lin.Lady: I'm terribly sorry.Wei: A) It doesn't matter.B) Never mind.C) That's all right.D) Don't worry.2. Jane is talking to her friends Bill and Pat outside the cinema.Jane: Well, what did you think of the film, then?Bill: Oh, I thought it was great. Didn't you think so, Pat?Pat: A) Well, maybe.B) No.C) Yes, in a way. But I've seen better.D) Yes. I dare say you are right. But I've seen better.3. At a bus stopMan: Excuse me, do you know which bus to catch for London Road, please? Woman: A) It doesn't matter.B) Oh.C) Never mind.D) Thank you(He then went to another person.)4. In a factory, Li, the guide, is interpreting for a group of foreign guests. When they have finished visiting one workshop, he would like the group to follow him to the next workshop. He says:A) This way, please.B) Come here!C) Follow me!D) Move on!5. Li had something to tell the manager, Mr Smith, so he went to his place, entering the room and said:A) You're not busy, I hope.B) Got a minute?C) Can I have a word with you Mr Smith?D) I'm terribly sorry to trouble you, Mr Smith.6. If someone gives you directions in English so quickly that you don't understand, you might respond:A) " Excuse me, I'm still learning the language. Could you repeat that a little more slowly?"B) " Thank you. I appreciate your help."C) " Could you repeat that?"D) Try to repeat the direction to the person.7. Hsiao Ma is an interpreter. One day a foreign visitor, Mr Brown, talks to him. Brown: Your English is quite fluent.Ma: A) Thank you. It's kind of you to say so.B) No, no, my English is poor.C) No, not at all.D) Oh, no, far from that. I still have a long way to go.8. Betty is a foreign student in China. She has met Peng Fei.B: I was told that you won the 100-meter race in the all-city track meet this morning. Congratulations!P: A) Just lucky.B) Thank you.C) I can't say I did well this morning.D) I could have done better if it hadn't been so cold.9." You are to be here by eight." The relationship between the speaker and thehearer is probablyA) teacher and student.B) husband and wife.C) sisters.D) friends.10.Your friend's mother, Mrs Keeler, asked if you would like something to eat. Whatwould you say to refuse politely?You: A) Not for the moment, thank you, Mrs Keeler, I'm full.B) No, thanks. I've just had lunch.C) Oh, no, Mrs Keeler, I haven't long had lunch.D) I'm full and have no room for any more.11.Mr Timms has arrived for a meeting, which, unfortunately, has been cancelled.Mrs Banks: I'm terribly sorry about not letting you know sooner, Mr Timms, but unfortunately it was cancelled at the last minute and there simply wasn't enough time to inform everyone.Mr Timms: A) Oh, don't let it worry you, Mrs Banks. I quite understand.B) Oh, that's OK, Mrs Banks. I understand.C) Oh, it doesn't matter, Mrs Banks.D) Oh, don't worry about it, Mrs Banks.12. If you are attending a family gathering and would like to know what the familialrelationship is between one member and another, you may ask:A) Is he your...?B) How are you related?C) Who's that woman?D) What's the relationship between you and that woman?13.When introduced to an older professor or to a friend's parents, what would yousay?A) " How are you?B) " Hello" and bow.C) "Hello, it's nice to meet you", and then shake hands.D) " Hi! Glad to know you."14. On the way to the school cinema, Li saw Professor Blake walking to the cinema, too.Li: A) Good afternoon, Professor Blake.B) Are you going to the film?C) Where are you going?D) You're going to the film, aren't you?15. When introducing yourself to someone you don't know at a party, what would you say?A) Hi, I'm .B) May I introduce myself to you and at the same time I make your acquaintance?C) Hi, I'd like to meet you.D) Hi, I'm . Do you know many people here?16.Jack phones Hsiao Song's office.Jack: Hello, I'd like to speak to Song Hua, please.Song: A) I'm Song Hua.B) This is Song Hua speaking.C) Oh, come on. You've got time for one more cup of coffee, surely?D) Well, it's still early. There's no hurry.17.Mrs Li has been having lunch with Mrs Sullivan.Mrs Li has just explained that she has to leave.Mrs S: A) Do you really have to go, Mrs Li? Couldn't you at least stay for another cup of coffee?B) Oh, no, you can't.C) Oh, come on. You've got time for one more cup of coffee, surely?D) Well, it's still early. There's no hurry.18.You've just been asked out to dinner but you don't want to go with the personwho invited you. You might say:A) I don't think so. I already have plans.B) No, I really don't enjoy being with you.C) I'm dieting so I mustn't go out to eat.D) Thanks a lot but I'm busy tonight.19.Mr Graham met his teacher, Mrs South, outside the library.Mr G: Good Morning, Mrs South. How are you?Mrs S: Very well, thank you, Mr Graham, and how are you?Mr G: A) Oh, can't complain.B) I'm very well, too, thank you.C) Same old thing.D) Ok.20.Mr Green's secretary, Pat Kent, went to the airport to meet Mr Barnes for herboss.Miss Kent: A) Excuse me, would you be Mr Barnes?B) Are you Mr Barnes?C) Excuse me, would you please tell me if you are Mr Barnes?D) You are Mr Barnes, aren't you?21.Patrick is sitting in a car with some friends. He has just asked if anyone mindshim smoking. One of the friends in the car, Gillian, is allergic to smoke. What would she say?P: Ok if I smoke here?G: A) Would you mind if I said no, Patrick?B) Can't you stay without smoking?C) It's not Ok.D) No, of course not.22.Wu Hua had a question to ask his foreign teacher. He went to Professor James'splace. After he got the answer, he got up to leave.Wu: A) Well, that's clear, thank you very much.B) Well, I've got to go now.C) Ok. Thanks.D) I'm afraid I must go now.23.If someone offers you some food that you really don't like, you might say:A) I'm fed up.B) I don't care for that.C) Sure, I'd love some more.D) Thanks, but I'm really full.24.Wei Dong met his English teacher, Dr Johns, outside the classroom.We: A) Hi, Dr Johns.B) Hello, teacher.C) Morning, Dr Johns.D) Good morning, teacher Johns.25.Miss Wells has been late for school quite recently. After class, her teacher,Professor Thyme, talks to her.Pro. Thyme: Er...Miss Wells. I'm sorry to have to mention this, but could you possibly try to be a little earlier in the morning? This is the third time you've been late this week.Miss Wells: A) Oh, I'm awfully sorry, Professor Thyme, but I really will try to be on time.B) Oh, dear! I'm sorry, Professor Thyme.C) Ok, I'm sure to come earlier next time.D) Please excuse me this time. I won't be late next time.26. A and B are neighbors.A: My cat knocked over my new vase this morning.B: A) What a shame.B) A shame.C) Shame on you.D) Shame!27.Mrs Brown has been spending the afternoon with an acquaintance, Mrs Sullivan.She has just got up to go. The hostess addresses her guest as follows:a) Are you leaving yet?b) Are you leaving already?c) Aren't you leaving yet?d) Aren't you leaving already?28.Meeting unexpectedly a friend he hadn't seen for years, Jim voiced his surprise:a) No!b) Yes!c) Oh!d) Hey!29.Tome is talking to his school-mate, David.Tom: How did you do in the exam, David?David: I barely passed. I make a hopeless mess of it. I don't know why I did so badly.Tom: A) Just try to forget about it.B) It's not worth worrying about. You'll do better next time.C) It doesn't matter.D) Cheer up.30.If your English teacher uses a Latin word you don't know, you mightA) say nothing and pretend that you have understood.B) say, " Please repeat."C) say, " I'm sorry. What did you say just now?D) say, "I'm sorry, I didn't understand what you said. Could you please repeatthat last word?"31.When you are invited for the first time to the Browns' house and offered a cup ofcoffee, youA) should rise and receive it.B) should rise and say, "Thank you."C) should make a slight rising movement.D) can remain seated and receive it with a smile and say, "Thank you."32.If you were invited to an American guest's house for dinner now, what would bethe best time to arrive?A) 15 minutes later.B) 15 minutes earlier.C) On time.D) 1 hour earlier.33.How would a host indicate to a guest that it was time to leave?A) The host would announce, " It's time to leave."B) The host would start cleaning up.C) The host would start yawning.D) The host wouldn't say anything, so the guest would leave at a time he thoughtwas reasonable.34.At a dinner, you can begin to eatA) when the guests sitting beside you begin.B) when the hostess says, "Let's begin."C) when the main course is served.D) when the hostess picks up her own spoon or fork..35. B is in the way.A: May I get through here?B: A) Yes, please.B) Yes.C) Yes (opening a passageway).D) (Opening a passageway without demur)36.At a dinnerA: May I have the biscuits?B: A) Sure (handing along the biscuits).B) Yes. Help yourself.C) Go ahead.D) Yes, of course.37.At a party or social occasions, how would you indicate that it was time for you toleave someone's house?a) I would say, " It's getting late and I'd better be going."b) I would say, " I'm sorry. I have to leave now."c) I would wait until the host said something.d) I would make up an excuse (e.g. I have to get up early tomorrow, etc.) andthank the hosts.38.When someone compliments the watch you are wearing, you woulda) say, "Thanks" and smile.b) give it to him.c) say, "Would you like to have it?"d) say, "Oh, this cheap thing? It's not worth much."39.Generally hosts do not offer food more than once or twice because theyA) do not expect you to be hungry.B) expect you to refuse politely.C) expect you to dislike the food.D) expect you to say immediately what you really want.40.John and Brian are having their morning coffee break. John accidentally shakesthe table, causing Brian to spill some of his coffee.John: Hang on! I'll get you a napkin.Here "Hang on" meansA) " Wait a minute."B) " Hold the cup."C) " Don't worry."D) " Lift the cup"41.At work, John has just told Bill that they are one man short for the football matchon Saturday against a neighboring office team.Bill: Why don't you ask Pete Todd to play? I know he's not very good but there's no one else to ask, is there?John: Well, to be honest, Bill, I've already asked him. He just wasn't interested.Bill: Oh, that's a blow!By this he meansA) " That's a lie"B) " That's a shock!"C) " That's a pity!"D) " That's strange."42.Bob and David are former classmates.Bob: I've got a job.David: You haven't!By this David meansA) "Really?"B) "You're joking."C) "Impossible."D) "No, you haven't got a job."43.After talking on the phone with Jack for some time, Hsiao Song says," I've got togo now. Goodbye." By this we can seeA) he was going to stop talking on the telephone.B) he was going to leave the office.C) he was going to go home.D) it was time to leave the office.44.Two friends discussing an English course.A: Were you satisfied with that course you took?B: I didn't think much of it.By this B meansA) " I was dissatisfied."B) " I was satisfied."C) " I hadn't actually begun to think about it."D) " I don't know."45.Mr Green has just come out of the school cinema and met Mr Zhou.Zhou: What do you think of the film?Green: I can't praise this film too highly.By this, Mr Green meansa) the file is just so-so.b) this film is not good.c) the film is so good that it deserves high praise.d) the film is Oh, but it doesn't deserve high praise.46.Hsiao Li works as a secretary in the International Computer EngineeringCorporation. One day she worked very late. Her boss said to her, "Thanks a lot.That's a great help." Hsiao Li replies:a) "It's my pleasure."b) "Never mind."c) "You're welcome."d) "Oh, it's nothing."47.In the street a man wants to smoke a cigarette, but he has no match. He asks astranger.a) " Got a match, mate?"b) " Would you be so kind as to give me a match?"c) " Can I borrow your fire?"d) " Excuse me, would you mind if I borrowed your match as I want to smoke?"48.In the students' dormitory, an English student studying in China is holding acoffee pot. He wants to treat his classmate to some coffee.Bil: Would you like some coffee?Xiao Zhang: A) no, please don't go to any trouble."B) Yes, please.C) Thank you.D) Oh, you are so kind.Key to test paper AI．Answer the following questions in your own words（每题2分）1.The function of context in understanding utterances is to help listeners to narrowdown their choices in understanding the meaning of utterances.2. A very close relationship exists between deixis and context.3.If the understanding of a place deixis must rely on gestures, then it is the gesturaluse.4.It explains language from functional, communicative and contextual aspects.5.Four. They are quality maxim, quantity maxim, relation maxim and mannermaxim.6.Charles Morris, an American philosopher7.They are syntactics, semantics and pragmatics.8.Basically Carnap understands Pragmatics as what Morris has pointed out, butspecifically speaking, Carnap thinks that Pragmatics should study indexicals in language.9.One advantage of studying language through pragmatics is that we can talk aboutpeople’s intended meanings, their assumptions, their purposes or goals, and all kinds of actions (for example, requests) that they are performing when they speak.10.Pragmatic mistake is not equal to Pragmatic failure.11.Because motion verbs contain a kind of built-in direction.12.Because they want to be co-operative, polite and save their own and other’s face.13.In Pragmatics, CP stands for co-operative principle.14.Positive face is the need to be liked by others, or the need to be accepted andtreated as social equals.15.On record is a technical term, referring to utterances not directly addressed toothers.16.One big disadvantage of pragmatic study is that all these concepts related tohuman beings are extremely difficult to analyze in a consistent and objective way.17.No. Semantic mistake is not equal to Pragmatic failure.18.Possible interpretations are the car owned by Jane, the car kept by Jane, the carrented by Jane etc.19.Yes. Time is part of context.20.Its role is to indicate who participates in communication.21.Pragmatic mistake is not equal to Pragmatic failure.22.The role of context in understanding utterances is to help listeners to narrow downtheir choices in understanding.23.A very close relationship exists between deixis and context.24.If the understanding of a place deixis must rely on gestures, then it is the gesturaluse.25.It explains language from functional, communicative and contextual aspects.II. Explain the following terms briefly. （每题4分)1.Inference means that we often infer or make guesses as to what the speakerintends to mean when he says something?2.It refers to the language that surrounds or accompanies a piece of utterance ordiscourse under analysis.3.Pragmatics studies the factors that govern our choice of language in socialinteraction and the effects of our choice on others.4.Appropriacy means that people should say the right thing to the right personwith the right manner at the right place and in the right situation.5.Indirect meaning is the meaning that people intend to convey. It is also termedas the communicative meaning or contextual meaning.6.Politeness is showing awareness of other’s public self-image. Usuallypoliteness can be understood as various means that people use in either situations of social closeness or situations of social distance.7.Face wants refer to one’s face expectations. Normally people expect thatothers will respect their face in communication.8.Non-linguistic context refers to the type of communicative event (for example,joke, story, lecture, greeting, conversation); the topic; the purpose of the event;the setting including location of day, time and physical aspects of the situation;the participants and the relationships between them; the backgroundknowledge etc.9.Deixis is a group of words indicating person, time, place, etc. It is originatedfrom a Greek verb, meaning “point”, “show” and “indicate” in English.10．Conversational implicature is the meaning implied in a conversation. Usually it indicates the speaker’s communicative purpose.11. Context can be subdivided into linguistic context and non-linguistic context.The former refers to the language that surrounds or accompanies a piece of utterance or discourse under analysis, it refers to the linguistic elements that are around an utterance. The latter includes: the type of communicative event (for example, joke, story, lecture, greeting, conversation); the topic; the purpose of the event; the setting including location of day, time and physical aspects of the situation; the participants and the relationships between them; the background knowledge etc.12. Traditionally, people date the invention of the co-operative principle back tothe work of the American philosopher named H. Paul Grice. The principle includes:The Maxim of Qualitytry to make your contribution one that is true, specifically:a)do not say what you believe to be falseb)do not say that for which you lack adequate evidenceThe Maxim of Quantitya)make your contribution as informative as is required for the current purposeof the exchangeb)do not make your contribution more informative than requiredThe Maxim of Relevancemake your contributions relevantThe Maxim of Mannerbe perspicuous, and specificallya)avoid obscurityb)avoid ambiguityc)be briefd) be orderlyIn short, these maxims specify what participants have to do in order to conduct communication in a maximally efficient, rational, co-operative way. To do so, they should speak sincerely, relevantly and clearly, while providing sufficient information.13. By presupposition, we refer to a meaning taken as given which does nottherefore need to be asserted. It has been variously defined as “semantic presupposition” (non-defeasible, contributes to the truth-conditional meaning of t he sentence), and “pragmatic presupposition”(cancellable while inconsistent with speaker/hearer knowledge about the world). Pragmatic Presupposition can be understood as another type of pragmatic inference。