Zigbee无线传感器网络英文文献
外文原文
基于ZigBee技术农业无线温湿度传感器网络与农业生产实践相结合，提出了农业无线和湿度传感器网络设计，它基于ZigBee技术。
我们使用基于CC2530 ZigBee协议作为数据的采集，传输和显示的传感器节点和协调器节点的芯片，目的是实现农业生产自动化和精确农业。
关键词：农业，生产，温度和湿度，无线网络，传感器。
1.简介目前，生产和生活的许多方面都需要提取和加工周围环境的温度和湿度信息。
在过去的技术是收集温度和湿度传感器的温湿度信息，并通过RS-485总线或现场总线再次发送数据到监控中心，所以你需要铺设大量的电缆来收集温度和湿度信息。
传统农业主要使用孤立的机械设备，没有沟通能力，主要依靠的人来监控作物生长状况。
然而，如果使用ZigBee无线传感器网络技术，农业将逐步转变为信息和生产的为主的生产模式，使用更加自动化，网络化，智能化的耕作方式，实现远程无线控制设备。
传感器可以收集信息，如土壤水分，氮浓度，pH值，降水，温度，空气湿度，空气压力等。
采集到的上述信息和所收集信息的位置被传递到中央控制设备用于通过ZigBee网络的决策和参考，所以我们可以提前和准确地识别用于帮助维持和提高作物产量的问题。
在许多面向数据的无线网络传输，低成本和复杂性的无线网络被广泛地使用。
2. ZigBee的技术特点ZigBee技术是一种短距离，低复杂度，低功耗，低数据速率，和低成本，双向无线通信技术，主要是采用在自动控制和远程控制的领域中，可以嵌入各种设备中，以实现他们的自动化[1]。
对于现有的各种无线通信技术，ZigBee技术将是最低功耗和成本的技术。
ZigBee的数据传输速率低，在10KB/ s到250KB/ s的范围内，并主要集中在低速率传输。
在低功耗待机模式下，两个普通的5号电池可以持续6至24个月。
ZigBee的数据传输速率低，并且它的协议很简单，所以它大大降低了成本。
而它的网络容量大，可容纳65000设备。
延迟时间很短，一般在15毫秒〜30毫秒。
无线红外传感器网络中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文资料外文翻译文献外文资料AbstractWireless Sensor Network (WSN) has become a hot research topic recently. Great benefit can be gained through the deployment of the WSN over a wide range ofapplications, covering the domains of commercial, military as well as residential. In this project, we design a counting system which tracks people who pass through a detecting zone as well as the corresponding moving directions. Such a system can be deployed in traffic control, resource management, and human flow control. Our design is based on our self-made cost-effective Infrared Sensing Module board which co-operates with a WSN. The design of our system includes Infrared Sensing Module design, sensor clustering, node communication, system architecture and deployment. We conduct a series of experiments to evaluate the system performance which demonstrates the efficiency of our Moving Object Counting system.Keywords:Infrared radiation，Wireless Sensor Node1.1 Introduction to InfraredInfrared radiation is a part of the electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength lying between visible light and radio waves. Infrared have be widely used nowadaysincluding data communications, night vision, object tracking and so on. People commonly use infrared in data communication, since it is easily generated and only suffers little from electromagnetic interference. Take the TV remote control as an example, which can be found in everyone's home. The infrared remote control systems use infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to send out an IR (infrared) signal when the button is pushed. A different pattern of pulses indicates the corresponding button being pushed. To allow the control of multiple appliances such as a TV, VCR, and cable box, without interference, systems generally have a preamble and an address to synchronize the receiver and identify the source and location of the infrared signal. To encode the data, systems generally vary the width of the pulses (pulse-width modulation) or the width of the spaces between the pulses (pulse space modulation). Another popular system, bi-phase encoding, uses signal transitions to convey information. Each pulse is actually a burst of IR at the carrier frequency.A 'high' means a burst of IR energy at the carrier frequency and a 'low'represents an absence of IR energy. There is no encoding standard. However, while a great many home entertainment devices use their own proprietary encoding schemes, some quasi-standards do exist. These include RC-5, RC-6, and REC-80. In addition, many manufacturers, such as NEC, have also established their own standards.Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has become a hot research topic recently. Great benefit can be gained through the deployment of the WSN over a wide range ofapplications, covering the domains of commercial, military as well as residential. In this project, we design a counting system which tracks people who pass through a detecting zone as well as the corresponding moving directions. Such a system can be deployed in traffic control, resource management, and human flow control. Our design is based on our self-made cost-effective Infrared Sensing Module board which co-operates with a WSN. The design of our system includes Infrared Sensing Module design, sensor clustering, node communication, system architecture and deployment. We conduct a series of experiments to evaluate the system performance which demonstrates the efficiency of our Moving Object Counting system.1.2 Wireless sensor networkWireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network which consists of a vast number of autonomous sensor nodes using sensors tomonitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, acoustics, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants, at different locations. Each node in a sensor network is typically equipped with a wireless communications device, a small microcontroller, one or more sensors, and an energy source, usually a battery. The size of a single sensor node can be as large as a shoebox and can be as small as the size of a grain of dust, depending on different applications. The cost of sensor nodes is similarly variable, ranging from hundreds of dollars to a few cents, depending on the size of the sensor network and the complexity requirement of the individual sensor nodes. The size and cost are constrained by sensor nodes, therefore, have result in corresponding limitations on available inputs such as energy, memory, computational speed and bandwidth. The development of wireless sensor networks (WSN) was originally motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance. Due to the advancement in micro-electronic mechanical system technology (MEMS), embedded microprocessors, and wireless networking, the WSN can be benefited in many civilian application areas, including habitat monitoring, healthcare applications, and home automation.1.3 Types of Wireless Sensor NetworksWireless sensor network nodes are typically less complex than general-purpose operating systems both because of the specialrequirements of sensor network applications and the resource constraints in sensor network hardware platforms. The operating system does not need to include support for user interfaces. Furthermore, the resource constraints in terms of memory and memory mapping hardware support make mechanisms such as virtual memory either unnecessary or impossible to implement. TinyOS [TinyOS] is possibly the first operating system specifically designed for wireless sensor networks. Unlike most other operating systems, TinyOS is based on an event-driven programming model instead of multithreading. TinyOS programs are composed into event handlers and tasks with run to completion-semantics. When an external event occurs, such as an incoming data packet or a sensor reading, TinyOS calls the appropriate event handler to handle the event. The TinyOS system and programs are both written in a special programming language called nesC [nesC] which is an extension to the C programming language. NesC is designed to detect race conditions between tasks and event handlers. There are also operating systems that allow programming in C. Examples of such operating systems include Contiki [Contiki], and MANTIS. Contiki is designed to support loading modules over the network and supports run-time loading of standard ELF files. The Contiki kernel is event-driven, like TinyOS, but the system supports multithreading on a per-application basis. Unlike the event-driven Contiki kernel, the MANTIS kernel is based on preemptivemultithreading. With preemptive multithreading, applications do not need to explicitly yield the microprocessor to other processes.1.4 Introduction to Wireless Sensor NodeA sensor node, also known as a mote, is a node in a wireless sensor network that is capable of performing processing, gathering sensory information and communicating with other connected nodes in the network. Sensor node should be in small size, consuming extremely low energy, autonomous and operate unattended, and adaptive to the environment. As wireless sensor nodes are micro-electronic sensor device, they can only be equipped with a limited power source. The main components of a sensor node include sensors, microcontroller, transceiver, and power source. Sensors are hardware devices that can produce measurable response to a change in a physical condition such as light density and sound density. The continuous analog signal collected by the sensors is digitized by Analog-to-Digital converter. The digitized signal is then passed to controllers for further processing. Most of the theoretical work on WSNs considers Passive and Omni directional sensors. Passive and Omni directional sensors sense the data without actually manipulating the environment with active probing, while no notion of “direction” involved in these measurements. Commonly people deploy sensor for detecting heat (e.g. thermal sensor), light (e.g. infrared sensor), ultra sound (e.g. ultrasonic sensor), or electromagnetism (e.g. magneticsensor). In practice, a sensor node can equip with more than one sensor. Microcontroller performs tasks, processes data and controls the operations of other components in the sensor node. The sensor node is responsible for the signal processing upon the detection of the physical events as needed or on demand. It handles the interruption from the transceiver. In addition, it deals with the internal behavior, such as application-specific computation.The function of both transmitter and receiver are combined into a single device know as transceivers that are used in sensor nodes. Transceivers allow a sensor node to exchange information between the neighboring sensors and the sink node (a central receiver). The operational states of a transceiver are Transmit, Receive, Idle and Sleep. Power is stored either in the batteries or the capacitors. Batteries are the main source of power supply for the sensor nodes. Two types of batteries used are chargeable and non-rechargeable. They are also classified according to electrochemical material used for electrode such as NiCd(nickel-cadmium), NiZn(nickel-zinc), Nimh(nickel metal hydride), and Lithium-Ion. Current sensors are developed which are able to renew their energy from solar to vibration energy. Two major power saving policies used areDynamic Power Management (DPM) and Dynamic V oltage Scaling (DVS). DPM takes care of shutting down parts of sensor node which arenot currently used or active. DVS scheme varies the power levels depending on the non-deterministic workload. By varying the voltage along with the frequency, it is possible to obtain quadratic reduction in power consumption.1.5 ChallengesThe major challenges in the design and implementation of the wireless sensor network are mainly the energy limitation, hardware limitation and the area of coverage. Energy is the scarcest resource of WSN nodes, and it determines the lifetime of WSNs. WSNs are meant to be deployed in large numbers in various environments, including remote and hostile regions, with ad-hoc communications as key. For this reason, algorithms and protocols need to be lifetime maximization, robustness and fault tolerance and self-configuration. The challenge in hardware is to produce low cost and tiny sensor nodes. With respect to these objectives, current sensor nodes usually have limited computational capability and memory space. Consequently, the application software and algorithms in WSN should be well-optimized and condensed. In order to maximize the coverage area with a high stability and robustness of each signal node, multi-hop communication with low power consumption is preferred. Furthermore, to deal with the large network size, the designed protocol for a large scale WSN must be distributed.1.6 Research IssuesResearchers are interested in various areas of wireless sensor network, which include the design, implementation, and operation. These include hardware, software and middleware, which means primitives between the software and the hardware. As the WSNs are generally deployed in the resources-constrained environments with battery operated node, the researchers are mainly focus on the issues of energy optimization, coverage areas improvement, errors reduction, sensor network application, data security, sensor node mobility, and data packet routing algorithm among the sensors. In literature, a large group of researchers devoted a great amount of effort in the WSN. They focused in various areas, including physical property, sensor training, security through intelligent node cooperation, medium access, sensor coverage with random and deterministic placement, object locating and tracking, sensor location determination, addressing, energy efficient broadcasting and active scheduling, energy conserved routing, connectivity, data dissemination and gathering, sensor centric quality of routing, topology control and maintenance, etc.中文译文移动目标点数与红外传感器网络摘要无线传感器网络(WSN)已成为最近的一个研究热点。
无线传感器网络中英文对照外文翻译文献
(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)中英文对照翻译基于网络共享的无线传感网络设计摘要：无线传感器网络是近年来的一种新兴发展技术，它在环境监测、农业和公众健康等方面有着广泛的应用。
在发展中国家，无线传感器网络技术是一种常用的技术模型。
由于无线传感网络的在线监测和高效率的网络传送，使其具有很大的发展前景，然而无线传感网络的发展仍然面临着很大的挑战。
其主要挑战包括传感器的可携性、快速性。
我们首先讨论了传感器网络的可行性然后描述在解决各种技术性挑战时传感器应产生的便携性。
我们还讨论了关于孟加拉国和加利尼亚州基于无线传感网络的水质的开发和监测。
关键词：无线传感网络、在线监测1.简介无线传感器网络，是计算机设备和传感器之间的桥梁，在公共卫生、环境和农业等领域发挥着巨大的作用。
一个单一的设备应该有一个处理器，一个无线电和多个传感器。
当这些设备在一个领域部署时，传感装置测量这一领域的特殊环境。
然后将监测到的数据通过无线电进行传输，再由计算机进行数据分析。
这样，无线传感器网络可以对环境中各种变化进行详细的观察。
无线传感器网络是能够测量各种现象如在水中的污染物含量，水灌溉流量。
比如，最近发生的污染涌流进中国松花江，而松花江又是饮用水的主要来源。
通过测定水流量和速度，通过传感器对江水进行实时监测，就能够确定污染桶的数量和流动方向。
不幸的是，人们只是在资源相对丰富这个条件下做文章，无线传感器网络的潜力在很大程度上仍未开发，费用对无线传感器网络是几个主要障碍之一，阻止了其更广阔的发展前景。
许多无线传感器网络组件正在趋于便宜化（例如有关计算能力的组件），而传感器本身仍是最昂贵的。
正如在在文献[5]中所指出的，成功的技术依赖于共享技术的原因是个人设备的大量花费。
然而，大多数传感器网络研究是基于一个单一的拥有长期部署的用户，模式不利于分享。
该技术管理的复杂性是另一个障碍。
大多数传感器的应用，有利于这样的共享模型。
我们立足本声明认为传感器可能不需要在一个长时间单一位置的原因包括：（1）一些现象可能出现变化速度缓慢，因此小批量传感器可进行可移动部署，通过测量信号，充分捕捉物理现象（2）可能是过于密集，因此多余的传感器可被删除。
zigbee无线传感器网络英文文献
zigbee无线传感器网络英文文献兰州交通大学毕业设计(英文文献)Zigbee Wireless Sensor Network in Environmental MonitoringApplicationsI. ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGYZigbee is a wireless standard based on IEEE802.15.4 that was developed to address theunique needs of most wireless sensing and control applications. Technology is low cost, low power, a low data rate, highly reliable, highly secure wireless networking protocol targeted towards automation and remote control applications. It’s depicts two keyperformance characteristics – wireless radio range and data transmission rate of the wireless spectrum. Comparing to other wireless networking protocols such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, UWB and so on, shows excellent transmission ability in lower transmission rate and highly capacity of network.A. Zigbee FrameworkFramework is made up of a set of blocks called layers. Each layer performs a specificset of services for the layer above. As shown in Fig.1. The IEEE 802.15.4 standard definesthe two lower layers: the physical (PHY) layer and the medium access control (MAC) layer. The Alliance builds on this foundation by providingthe network and security layer and the framework for the application layer.Fig.1 FrameworkThe IEEE 802.15.4 has two PHY layers that operate in two separate frequency ranges: 868/915 MHz and 2.4GHz. Moreover, MAC sub-layer controls access to the radio channel using a CSMA-CA mechanism. Its responsibilities may also include transmitting beacon frames, synchronization, and providing a reliable transmission mechanism. B. Zigbee’s TopologyThe network layer supports star, tree, and mesh topologies, as shown in Fig.2. In a startopology, the network is controlled by one single device called coordinator. The coordinator1兰州交通大学毕业设计(英文文献)is responsible for initiating and maintaining the devices on the network. All other devices, known as end devices, directly communicate with the coordinator. In mesh and tree topologies, the coordinator is responsible for starting the network and for choosing certain key network parameters, but the network may be extended through the use ofrouters. In tree networks, routers move data and control messagesthrough the network using a hierarchical routing strategy. Mesh networks allow full peer-to-peer communication.Fig.2 Mesh topologiesFig.3 is a network model, it shows that supports both single-hopstar topology constructed with one coordinator in the center and the end devices, and mesh topology. In the network, the intelligent nodes are composed by Full Function Device (FFD) and Reduced Function Device (RFD). Only the FFN defines the full functionality and can become a network coordinator. Coordinator manages the network, it is to say that coordinator can start a network and allow other devices to join or leave it. Moreover, it can provide binding and address-table services, andsave messages until they can be delivered.Fig.3 Zigbee network model2兰州交通大学毕业设计(英文文献)II. THE GREENHOUSE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORINGSYSTEM DESIGNTraditional agriculture only use machinery and equipment which isolating and no communicating ability. And farmers have to monitor crops’ growth by themselves. Even ifsome people use electrical devices, but most of them were restricted to simple communication between control computer and end devices like sensors instead of wire connection, which couldn’t be strictly defined as wireless sensor network. Therefore, bythrough using sensor networks and, agriculture could become more automation, more networking and smarter.In this project, we should deploy five kinds of sensors in the greenhouse basement. By through these deployed sensors, the parameters such as temperature in the greenhouse, soil temperature, dew point, humidity and light intensity can be detected real time. It is key to collect different parameters from all kinds of sensors. And in the greenhouse, monitoring the vegetables growing conditions is the top issue. Therefore, longer battery life and lower data rate and less complexity are very important. From the introduction about above, we know that meet the requirements for reliability, security, low costs and low power.A. System OverviewThe overview of Greenhouse environmental monitoring system, which is made up by one sink node (coordinator), many sensor nodes, workstation and database. Mote node and sensor node together composed of each collecting node. When sensors collect parameters real time, such as temperature in the greenhouse, soil temperature, dew point, humidity and light intensity, these data will be offered to A/D converter, then by through quantizing and encoding become the digital signal that is able to transmit by wireless sensor communicating node. Each wireless sensor communicating node has ability of transmitting, receiving function.In this WSN, sensor nodes deployed in the greenhouse, which can collect real time data and transmit data to sink node (Coordinator) by the way of multi-hop. Sink node complete the task of data analysis and data storage. Meanwhile, sink node is connected with GPRS/CDMA can provide remote control and data download service. In the monitoring and controlling room, by running greenhouse management software, the sink node can periodically receives the data from the wireless sensor nodes and displays them on monitors.3兰州交通大学毕业设计(英文文献)B. Node Hardware DesignSensor nodes are the basic units of WSN. The hardware platform is made up sensor nodes closely related to the specific application requirements. Therefore, the most important work is the nodes design which can perfect implement the function of detecting and transmissionas a WSN node, and perform its technology characteristics. Fig.4 shows the universal structure of the WSN nodes. Power module provides the necessary energy for the sensor nodes. Data collection module is used to receive and convert signals of sensors. Data processing and control module’s functions are node device control, task scheduling, and energy computing and so on. Communication module is used to senddata between nodes and frequency chosen and so on.Fig.4 Universal structure of the wsn nodesIn the data transfer unit, the module is embedded to match the MAC layer and the NET layer of the protocol. We choose CC2430 as the protocol chips, which integrated the CPU,RF transceiver, net protocol and the RAM together. CC2430 uses an 8 bit MCU (8051), andhas 128KB programmable flash memory and 8KB RAM. It also includesA/D converter, some Timers, AES128 Coprocessor, Watchdog Timer, 32K crystal Sleep mode Timer, Poweron Reset, Brown out Detection and 21 I/Os. Based on the chips, many modules for theprotocol are provided. And the transfer unit could be easily designed based on the modules.As an example of a sensor end device integrated temperature, humidity and light, the design is shown in Fig. 5.4兰州交通大学毕业设计(英文文献)Fig.5 The hardware design of a sensor nodeThe SHT11 is a single chip relative humidity and temperature multi sensor module comprising a calibrated digital output. It can test the soil temperature and humidity. The DS18B20 is a digital temperature sensor, which has 3 pins and data pin can link MSP430directly. It can detect temperature in greenhouse. The TCS320 is a digital light sensor.SHT11, DS18B20 and TCS320 are both digital sensors with small size and low powerconsumption. Other sensor nodes can be obtained by changing the sensors.The sensor nodes are powered from onboard batteries and the coordinator also allows to be powered from an external power supply determined by a jumper.C. Node Software DesignThe application system consists of a coordinator and several end devices. The general structure of the code in each is the same, with an initialization followed by a main loop.The software flow of coordinator, upon the coordinator being started, the first action of the application is the initialization of the hardware, liquid crystal, stack and application variables and openingthe interrupt. Then a network will be formatted. If this net has been formatted successfully, some network information, such as physical address, net ID, channel number will be shown on the LCD. Then program will step into application layer and monitor signal. If there is end device or router want to join in this net, LCD will shown this information, and show the physical address of applying node, and the coordinator will allocate a net address to this node. If the node has been joined in this network, the data transmitted by this node will be received by coordinator and shown in the LCD.The software flow of a sensor node, as each sensor node is switched on, it scans all5兰州交通大学毕业设计(英文文献)channels and, after seeing any beacons, checks that the coordinatoris the one that it is looking for. It then performs a synchronizationand association. Once association is complete, the sensor node enters a regular loop of reading its sensors and putting out a frame containing the sensor data. If sending successfully, end device will step into idle state; by contrast, it will collect data once again and send to coordinator until sending successfully.D. Greenhouse Monitoring Software DesignWe use VB language to build an interface for the test and this greenhouse sensor network software can be installed and launched on any Windows-based operating system. It has 4dialog box selections: setting controlling conditions, setting Timer, setting relevant parameters and showing current status. By setting some parameters, it can perform the functions of communicating with port,data collection and data viewing.6兰州交通大学毕业设计(英文文献)无线传感器网络在环境监测中的应用Zigbee技术I. Zigbee是一种基于802.15.4的无线标准上被开发用来满足大多数无线传感ZigbeeIEEE和控制应用的独特需求。
ZigBee论文：无线网络IEEE802.15.4ATMEGA16LCC2420
ZigBee论文：无线网络IEEE802.15.4ATMEGA16LCC2420【提示】本文仅提供摘要、关键词、篇名、目录等题录内容。
为中国学术资源库知识代理，不涉版权。
作者如有疑义，请联系版权单位或学校。
【摘要】无线传感器网络是由大量分布的不同规格和功能的具有感知、计算和通信能力的微型传感器节点通过自组织的方式构成的一个以数据为中心的无线网络。
大量传感器节点通过相互之间的分工协作，可实时感知、监测和采集分布区域内的监测对象或周围环境的信息。
ZigBee技术是一种近距离、低复杂度、低功耗、低数据传输速率、低成本的双向无线通信技术，在组织无线传感器网络中有着极其重要的研究价值。
本文分析ZigBee的基本理论和组网方式，结合目前已有的传感器技术，提出了用于温湿度监测的无线传感器网络系统方案。
系统中传感器采集网络由分布在大型仓库中的传感器节点组成，采集温湿度等环境变量信息。
每个传感器节点均带有液晶显示功能，中心节点接收各个传感器节点发送的数据，并显示、分析和存储。
本文完成了主节点以ATMEGA16L和CC2420分别作为主控部分和传输芯片，LCD1286作为显示屏的多点无线温湿度监测系统，基本达到预期效果。
【关键词】ZigBee；无线网络；IEEE802.15.4；ATMEGA16L；CC2420；【篇名】基于ZigBee的仓储监测系统的设计【目录】基于ZigBee的仓储监测系统的设计摘要3-4Abstract4第一章绪论7-13 1.1 课题背景及现状7-8 1.2 无线传感器网络的特点8-10 1.2.1 无线传感器网络体系结构8-9 1.2.2 无线传感器节点体系结构9-10 1.2.3 无线传感器网络的特点10 1.3 无线传感器网络的关键技术10-13第二章 IEEE802.15.4标准与ZIGBEE技术13-23 2.1 IEEE802.1 5.4/ZIGBEE概述13-15 2.1.1 ZigBee技术联盟13 2.1.2IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee主要技术特点13-14 2.1.3IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee技术与其他无线技术比较14-15 2.2 IEEE802.15.4/ZIGBEE协议架构15-20 2.2.1 物理层(PHY)15-17 2.2.2 介质接入控制子层(MAC层)17-18 2.2.3 网络层18-19 2.2.4 应用层19-20 2.3 IEEE802.15.4/ZIGBEE路由描述20-23 2.3.1 ZigBee路由(ZigBeeRouting，ZBR)20-21 2.3.2 Cluster-tree21 2.3.3AODVjr21-23第三章系统总体设计方案23-25 3.1 系统功能描述23 3.2 方案论证23-24 3.3 设计方案24-25第四章系统硬件设计25-39 4.1 AVR简介25-27 4.1.1 AVR单片机简介25 4.1.2 ATmega16L简介25 4.1.3 ATEMEGA16L的SPI功能25-27 4.2 CC2420技术特点27-33 4.2.1 无线收发模块CC2420的结构特点28 4.2.2 CC2420内部结构28-29 4.2.3 CC2420外围电路29-30 4.2.4 CC2420处理器接口30-31 4.2.5 CC2420内部寄存器31-33 4.2.6 CC2420内部RAM读写33 4.3 温湿度传感器电路设计33-36 4.3.1 SHT11的结构特点34-35 4.3.2 SHT11的性能特点35 4.3.3 温湿度值的计算35-36 4.3.4 温湿度寄存器使用说明36 4.4 显示部分36-39 4.4.1 液晶显示模块LCD12864结构特点37 4.4.2 液晶显示模块LCD12864读写时序37-38 4.4.3 单片机与液晶模块电路设计38-39第五章系统软件设计39-47 5.1 星形网络拓扑实现39 5.1.1 星形网络简介39 5.1.2 星形网络节点硬件实现39 5.2 星形网络节点程序实现39-47 5.2.1 初始化流程39-43 5.2.2 数据发送接收流程43-47第六章系统测试过程与测试47-55 6.1 编译软件的使用47-48 6.2 液晶调试48-50 6.3 SHT11的调试50 6.4 两点之间的通信调试50-52 6.5 三个节点组网测试52-55第七章结论与展望55-57致谢57-59参考文献59-61攻读硕士期间发表的学术论文及参与项目61-62。
电子信息及自动化 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 基于ZigBee无线传感器网络的矿工的位置探测研究
基于ZigBee无线传感器网络的矿工的位置探测研究张秀萍, 韩广杰, 朱昌平, 窦燕, 陶剑锋河海大学计算机与信息工程学院中国常州E-mail:zhangxiup@ Zhucp315@摘要：随着计算机的飞速发展，通信和网络技术，特别是无线传感器和嵌入式技术的应用，使得无线传感器网络（WSNs）技术在产业领域和我们的日常生活得到了广泛关注。
基于ARM7TDMI-S CPU和ZigBee 的WSNs在提速和优化网络移动节点的应用，丰富的信息采集中，以及在通信中实时时间的协调均有可取之处，具有低功耗连续作业特点，因此它是非常适合用于确定矿工在地下的位置。
本文提出和分划WSN的网络计划及信息处理与通信技术，重点专注于实时协作。
通过传感器准确获得矿工的移动信息。
之后的位置信息传送可靠的监控中心。
不断变化的运行测试结果表明没有信息丢失或者没有未被采集到的信息。
因此，这个计划是稳定和有效的，将在煤矿安全中发挥积极作用，在我看来这正是Zigbee 无线传感器网络的正确特点。
关键词：ZigBee的ARM7TDMI-S内核; CC2420的; 无线传感器网络;矿工位置确定一、简介无线传感器网络（WSNs）是规模大，无线自组织网络。
它是整合计算机通信，网络技术，嵌入式MCU和无线传感器技术，具有感知和沟通能力。
【1】节点有低低成本，小尺寸特点。
其中大部分可以工作区域传播，收集数据，并进行处理数据和通信。
无线传感器节点通常工作在无线电频率（RF）频段。
节点构成一个分层架构现场监测数据的网络。
它通常适用在工业，农业，远程医疗和环境监测。
我们都知道，煤炭生产中的威胁复杂的工作条件，如有毒气体，透水，塌陷，顶板等。
【2】一旦发生事故发生时，它会危及矿工的生命。
因此它是地面人员的当务之急，要明确矿工的确切位置，以便为及时采取措施。
因此为矿工成立一个无线传感器网络监控矿井有很大的应用价值。
二、方案优选矿工的位置监测系统主要技术规范要求归纳如下：（1）定位精度为10米。
无线传感器网络英文摘要与翻译
AbstractA1（1）In the recent years, as the rapid development of MEMS, wireless communication network, embedded system, and the interaction of all kinds of new technologies, many new modes of information obtaining and process come into being. A2（2）Wireless sensor network (WSN) is one of them. A2（3）WSN can be used to monitor the environments, the machines and even the people; hence “ubiquitous computing” will come true. A2（4）WSN has wide application fields, so it has been paid high attention by the military, the academes, and the industrial from all over the world. A2（5）Meanwhile, this provides many challenges in the academe foundations and technologies.A3（6）This dissertation introduces the recent researches on WSN, and analyzes its key technologies：the setup of wireless communication network, the design and implementation of network nodes and the design steps of WSN, in an architecture view.A4（7）By analyzing and comparing, ZigBee technology is adopted to setup wireless communication network. A4（8）The topology of the network and hierarchical protocol stacks are designed. A4（9）The embedded network nodes are designed and developed, and the hardware and software are implemented. A4（10）An experimental WSN is deployed and the experimental data is collected and analyzed. A5（11）Finally, a typical example of wireless sensor network, personnelidentification and positioning system in mine, is presented. Keywords: Wireless sensor network, Embedded systems, IEEE802.15.4 protocols, ZigBee摘要近年来，随着微机电系统(MEMS)、无线通信网络和嵌入式系统等技术的飞速发展，各种新技术的融合，出现了许多信息获取和处理的新模式，无线传感器网络就是其中一例。
无线传感器网络应用文章英文
无线传感器网络应用文章(英文) Wireless Sensor Network ApplicationsIntroduction:Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential for numerous applications in various fields. A WSN consists of a large number of small, low-cost sensor nodes that are wirelessly connected to monitor physical or environmental conditions. These nodes can collect, process, and transmit data to a central base station for further analysis. This article aims to explore some of the most promising applications of WSNs.Environmental Monitoring:One of the most common applications of WSNs is environmental monitoring. These networks can be deployed in remote or hazardous areas to monitor parameters such as temperature, humidity, air pollution, and water quality. For instance, in forest fire detection, sensor nodes can detect abnormal temperature increases and transmit an alert to authorities, enabling timely intervention. In agriculture, WSNs can monitor soil moisture levels and provide farmers with real-time data to optimize irrigation.Healthcare:WSNs have also found applications in the healthcare industry. They can be used to monitor vital signs of patients, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. Sensor nodes attached to patients can wirelessly transmit data to healthcare professionals, enabling continuous monitoring and early detection of any abnormalities. WSNs areparticularly useful in remote patient monitoring, allowing patients to receive medical attention from the comfort of their homes.Smart Homes and Buildings:WSNs can play a crucial role in creating smart homes and buildings. By deploying sensor nodes throughout a building, various parameters such as temperature, lighting, occupancy, and energy consumption can be monitored and controlled. This enables energy-efficient operations by optimizing heating, cooling, and lighting systems based on real-time data. Additionally, WSNs can enhance security by detecting unauthorized access or unusual activities within a building.Industrial Automation:WSNs are widely used in industrial automation to monitor and control different processes. For example, in manufacturing plants, sensor nodes can collect data on machine performance, temperature, and vibration levels, allowing for preventive maintenance and reducing downtime. WSNs can also be used for inventory management, tracking the movement of goods within a warehouse, and ensuring timely restocking.Traffic Management:WSNs can significantly contribute to improving traffic management in urban areas. By deploying sensor nodes along roads, real-time traffic data, such as vehicle density and speed, can be collected. This information can be used to optimize traffic signal timings, detect congestion, and provide drivers with alternative routes, reducingoverall travel time and fuel consumption. WSNs also enable the implementation of intelligent transportation systems, enhancing safety and reducing accidents.Conclusion:Wireless Sensor Networks have found numerous applications in various fields, ranging from environmental monitoring to healthcare, smart homes, industrial automation, and traffic management. These networks offer a cost-effective and scalable solution for collecting and analyzing datain real-time. As technology continues to advance, it is expected thatthe applications of WSNs will continue to expand, revolutionizing different industries and improving the quality of life for people around the world.。
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Ｚigbee Wｉreｌess Sensor Ｎetworｋin Eｎvironmｅntal Monｉｔoｒｉng ApplicaｔionsI.ﻩZIGBEＥTECHNOLＯGＹＺigbeｅis a wiｒeless stanｄarｄbasｅd oｎIEEE8０2.15．４ｔｈaｔw ａs deveｌopeｄto ａｄdｒeｓs the unique nｅeds of most wiｒeｌess seｎｓｉｎg ａｎｄcｏntrol aｐplｉcationｓ. Tｅｃｈｎoｌｏｇy iｓlow cost, ｌow power，a ｌｏｗdａtａｒatｅ，highly rｅliable，ｈighly secure ｗireleｓs net ｗoｒkiｎg protｏcol tａrgeｔed towａrｄsａｕｔomａｔiｏn ａnd ｒｅmote con ｔｒol apｐlicatiｏns.It’s ｄepictｓｔwo keｙpｅrｆormance chaｒａｃterisｔicｓ–wirelｅｓs radio rａnｇe and ｄata trａnｓmissiｏｎｒatｅｏｆthｅｗｉrelesｓspeｃtrum.Cｏmpaｒｉnｇto otheｒwｉｒeless neｔwｏrking prｏｔｏco ｌｓｓuch as Bluｅtoｏth, Wi-Fi, UWB andｓoｏｎ, shoｗｓｅｘcｅｌlent ｔranｓmissioｎabilityｉｎlｏweｒｔransmissｉoｎraｔe and higｈｌy capacity of nｅｔwork.A. ZｉgｂeｅFrameworkＦrameworｋis ｍade up of a set oｆbｌocｋs called ｌayeｒs.Ｅach layｅｒpｅrforｍｓa specifｉc set oｆservices for the layer abovｅ.Ａs shｏｗｎin Fｉg.1. Ｔｈe IEＥE 8０2.15.４ｓｔandarｄdefinｅs thｅtwo loｗｅr ｌayers: ｔｈｅｐhysiｃaｌ（PHY)ｌaｙer aｎd thｅmediumａｃｃeｓs ｃoｎtｒｏｌ(MAC)lａｙer. Ｔhe Alｌiａncｅbｕiｌds ｏn this foundation by pｒoviding the ｎｅtｗork ａnd seｃurity ｌaｙｅr and the framework for the ａpｐliｃａtion layeｒ.Fig.1 FraｍewｏrkThe IEＥE 802．1５.4ｈａs two PHY lａyerｓthat ｏperate ｉn tｗo separate ｆrequenｃy ranges: 8６８／９15ＭHz and ２.4ＧHz. Mｏreoveｒ，ＭAC suｂ－layｅr cｏntｒoｌs aｃcesｓto thｅrａdiｏchａnｎel usinｇａＣSMＡ-CＡｍecｈaｎism. Ｉtｓrespｏｎsｉbilities mａy also ｉncluｄｅｔransmｉｔtｉｎｇbeacon ｆrameｓ, syncｈrｏｎｉzation, aｎｄpｒoｖiding a ｒelｉable trａnｓmiｓsｉoｎmechanism.B. Ｚigbee’s TopoｌogyThe netｗork layer supports sｔａr, tｒｅe，and mesh toｐoｌogiｅｓ, as sh ｏwn in Fｉg.２. Iｎａstar tｏpology，the nｅｔwｏrk iｓcontrolled ｂyｏne ｓiｎgｌｅdｅｖｉce ｃａlled cooｒdｉnatoｒ. Thｅcoordinaｔor is ｒｅｓpons ｉbｌe for initiating ａnd ｍaintainｉng the ｄevicｅs ｏnｔhe netwoｒk．Ａll othe ｒdevicｅs，knowｎas ｅnｄdevｉｃes，dｉrectly comｍunicatｅｗith ｔhe coorｄinａtor. Ｉｎmesh aｎdｔrｅe tｏｐoｌｏgies，ｔhe coordinatｏr is ｒesponsible for ｓtａrtiｎｇｔhｅｎｅtwork ａnd foｒchoｏsing cｅrtain keｙｎe ｔｗorｋparａmｅteｒs, bｕt the nｅtwork may bｅｅｘｔendｅd throughｔhe use ofｒｏuｔers. Ｉｎtreeｎetworks, ｒｏuters ｍoｖe ｄatａａndｃｏnｔrol messageｓthrough the neｔwｏrk usｉｎg a ｈierarchicaｌrouｔingｓtraｔeｇy. Meｓh neｔｗｏrｋｓａｌlｏw fuｌl ｐeer-to-pｅeｒcoｍmunｉcation．Fｉg.2 ＭeｓｈtｏpologieｓＦig．３is ａｎｅtｗorｋmｏdeｌ，it ｓhｏwｓｔｈaｔsupports both ｓing ｌe-ｈoｐstａr ｔopologｙcoｎstrｕcteｄwith one coordinatｏr in thｅcenter anｄthe end dｅvices, and mesh toｐoｌogｙ. In ｔhe nｅtwoｒｋ，tｈe ｉntｅlligenｔｎodes aｒe comｐｏｓed ｂy Fuｌl Funｃtion Ｄｅviｃe (ＦFD）andＲeduced Funｃtｉon Devｉce （RFD)．Oｎly thｅFＦN defiｎｅs the fulｌfuｎctionality ａnｄcan bｅｃomeａｎetwｏｒｋｃoｏrdinａtｏr.Cｏorｄｉnatoｒmanages thｅnetwｏrk，ｉt is tｏsay that cｏｏrｄiｎator cａn starｔ a netwoｒkａnｄａllowother ｄｅvｉcｅsｔoｊoｉｎor leａvｅit. Mｏreｏver, it caｎpｒｏvidｅｂｉｎdｉng anｄaddreｓs-ｔaｂle sｅrvｉcｅs, aｎd ｓave mesｓages until tｈey can beｄelｉvｅreｄ.Fｉg.3 Zｉgｂeｅｎetwork modeｌII.THＥGREENHOＵSE ＥNVIＲＯＮＭENTAL MOＮITＯRIＮGSYSTEM DESIＧＮTraｄｉtionａl ａｇｒicuｌtｕre oｎly usｅmａchｉneｒy and equipment ｗｈｉch iｓolaｔｉng and nｏｃｏmｍｕｎiｃaｔing abｉｌity. Ａnd ｆａrmｅrs hａve to monｉｔｏr croｐs’ growth by tｈemselvｅs. Eｖｅn if some ｐeｏple uｓe elecｔrical deｖiｃｅｓ, ｂut mosｔｏｆtheｍwere reｓｔｒｉcteｄtｏsiｍple ｃｏmmｕnicatiｏn bｅｔｗeen ｃoｎtｒol comｐｕtｅr anｄｅnd dｅvicｅs lｉｋe senｓorｓinstｅad of wire conｎecｔｉon,wｈich couldｎ’t ｂe striｃtｌｙｄeｆineｄaｓｗｉｒeless sensｏr neｔwoｒk.Ｔherefore, by tｈrｏugh using seｎsｏｒｎetwｏrｋs and，agriculｔurｅcｏuld become mｏｒe automatiｏｎ，morｅnetworkｉng and ｓｍarｔer．In tｈis pｒojｅｃt, ｗe should dｅpｌoy fivｅkiｎｄs ｏｆsensors iｎｔｈｅgｒeeｎhｏｕse basement.Ｂy ｔｈｒoｕgh thesｅdｅpｌoyｅd senｓoｒs，the ｐarameters sucｈaｓtｅmperaｔure iｎthe ｇreenhoｕse，soil teｍperａｔurｅ，dew ｐoiｎt，hｕmidity ａnｄlight inｔｅｎsitｙcaｎbe ｄetecteｄrｅａl time. It is key to cｏlleｃt different pａrameters frｏm all kinds of sensors．And in the greenhouse, mｏnitoｒiｎg the ｖegetables groｗｉnｇcｏndｉtiｏns is tｈe ｔoｐissue.Therｅｆore，lonｇer bａｔｔｅｒy lｉfe and lｏweｒｄａta rate anｄless complｅxity arｅvｅryｉmporｔaｎt. From tｈe introductioｎaｂouｔabove,ｗeｋnｏw that ｍeet thｅreqｕireｍｅｎtsｆor reｌiａbilｉｔy, ｓecuriｔｙ, lｏｗcostsａｎｄｌow ｐoｗeｒ.A. ＳystemＯｖerviewThe oｖｅrvｉeｗof Ｇreenｈouｓｅenvironmental mｏnitoｒing sysｔem，ｗhicｈis ｍadｅｕp ｂyｏne siｎk node （ｃoordinator), many sｅnｓor nodes,wo ｒkstaｔion aｎd daｔabaｓe.Ｍote nｏｄｅａnd sensor ｎｏｄe tｏgethｅrｃｏmpｏｓed of ｅａｃh ｃｏｌlectｉng node. Ｗhｅn sｅｎsors colleｃt parａmeters rea ｌtime, sｕch as tempeｒature in the grｅenｈｏｕse, soil temperatuｒe,ｄew ｐoiｎt, huｍｉdity anｄlｉght intensiｔy，these ｄａｔa wｉll ｂeｏｆfereｄto A/D converter,thｅn bｙｔｈroｕｇｈｑuantizing ａnd encoding beｃoｍe tｈeｄigiｔａl signal that iｓaｂle tｏｔｒanｓmit by ｗireleｓs ｓensoｒcommunicatｉng nodｅ. Eaｃｈwireless seｎｓor coｍmuｎicaｔｉng node ｈａs ａbｉlity of tran ｓｍｉttｉｎg，ｒｅceiviｎg fｕｎcｔion.Iｎthis WSN,seｎsoｒｎodes dｅployｅd inｔｈｅgreeｎhouse, whiｃh can coｌleｃｔrｅal time ｄata andｔransmiｔdata to ｓink noｄe (Cooｒdiｎａtoｒ) by tｈｅwａy oｆmｕlti-ｈoｐ.Ｓink nｏde cｏmplete the task of datａaｎalysis aｎｄdata ｓtｏragｅ．Meanwhile，ｓink noｄｅｉs ｃonnecｔed ｗith ＧPRS/CDMＡcan prｏvｉde remotｅcoｎｔｒoｌaｎd data doｗnload serviｃe. Ｉn the mｏｎitorｉng aｎdｃoｎｔrolｌing rooｍ, ｂy running greeｎｈouse maｎａｇemｅnt softwarｅ，the sink noｄe caｎｐｅrioｄically ｒeceｉves tｈｅdata frｏm ｔｈｅｗiｒelｅsｓsensｏｒnodｅｓanｄdisplayｓthem on moｎitorｓ.ﻫB．Node Ｈａrdware ＤｅｓiｇnSｅnsoｒｎodeｓare ｔhe basiｃunits oｆＷSN. Ｔhe ｈａrdｗaｒｅｐlaｔforｍｉs ｍade ｕｐseｎsｏr nｏdｅs clｏsely relａｔed tｏthe ｓｐecｉfiｃappｌｉcaｔion requireｍｅntｓ．Thｅrefｏre, tｈe mosｔimportant work ｉs the nod ｅs dｅsign which cａn perfeｃt iｍpleｍｅnt tｈｅfuｎcｔion of dｅtectinｇand tr ａnsmissｉon as a ＷSN node, anｄｐerforｍits techｎｏlogy cｈaracteｒistics. Fig.４shｏws the universａｌstrucｔurｅoｆｔｈe WＳＮnodes. Powｅｒmｏｄu ｌｅprovｉdｅs the ｎｅｃｅssａrｙeｎerｇｙfor tｈe sｅｎｓor nｏdes.Ｄata collｅcｔｉｏnｍoｄuｌe ｉs ｕｓed ｔｏrecｅｉｖe and coｎverｔsｉgnals ｏfｓensｏｒs. Datａproceｓｓingａnd cｏntrol moduｌe’s fuｎcｔions are noｄｅdeviceｃontrol，tasｋsｃｈｅdｕling, aｎd ｅnergy compｕting aｎｄｓo o ｎ. Cｏmｍｕｎicatｉonｍｏdｕle ｉsｕｓed to send data bｅtwｅen nodes and ｆrequency chosen ａnd sｏon.Fig.4 Univeｒsal stｒucture of tｈe wsｎnodesIn the data ｔransfer unit，ｔｈe ｍodｕｌｅis embｅdｄｅd ｔo matｃｈｔｈe ＭＡC layer aｎｄｔheＮET layeｒｏf tｈe ｐrｏtocol.We ｃhooｓe ＣＣ243０asｔhe prｏtoｃｏl chips, ｗhｉch inｔeｇrａted thｅCPU, ＲF ｔｒansce ｉveｒ, nｅt proｔoｃol and thｅRAM together. ＣC2430 usｅｓan 8 bit MＣU （8051), ａnd hａｓ12８KＢproｇｒａmmａble ｆｌash memoｒyａnd 8ＫB ＲAM. Iｔalｓo ｉncｌudesＡ/D conｖeｒtｅr，soｍｅTimｅrｓ,AES1２８Ｃoproｃeｓｓor, Ｗatchdｏg Timｅr,32K ｃrｙsｔal Slｅep mｏdeＴimer, Ｐoｗer o ｎReset, Bｒoｗn out Deｔｅｃtｉｏn ａnd21 I/Ｏｓ.Based on ｔheｃhips, ｍaｎｙｍｏdulesｆｏr the pｒoｔocｏl aｒe provｉdeｄ.And tｈe traｎｓfeｒuｎｉｔcouｌd ｂe eａsiｌyｄesigneｄbased oｎthe moｄｕles.Ａs an ｅxａmpｌｅof a sensor eｎd dｅvicｅintegratｅdｔempｅratｕrｅ, hu ｍidity and lｉght，the deｓiｇn ｉs shown ｉn Fiｇ. 5.Fig.５Thｅhardware design ｏf a seｎsor node The SHT11 is a singｌe chip relative hｕｍiｄity ａnｄtempｅrature multｉsｅｎsor ｍoｄulｅcomprisiｎg ａcａlibratｅｄdigｉtal output. It can tesｔthe sｏｉl ｔｅｍperａtｕｒe aｎd humidｉｔy.ThｅＤS18B２0 iｓ a digitａl tempeｒatu ｒｅｓensor, which has３pins anｄｄatａｐin cａn ｌiｎk MＳP4３０diｒecｔly．Ｉt cａn deｔecｔｔｅmｐeraｔｕre ｉn greenhoｕse. TｈｅTCS320ｉs a digita ｌlight ｓeｎsｏｒ.ＳHT１1, DS18B20ａｎd TCS３２0ａｒｅbｏｔh digitａl ｓensoｒs with smaｌｌsｉｚe aｎｄlow pｏwｅｒconsumptioｎ．Othｅr seｎsｏｒｎoｄes ｃaｎbe ｏｂtaineｄby chanｇing tｈｅsensｏｒs.The sensor nｏdes aｒe powered fｒom onbｏard bａtteries and tｈe ｃｏoｒdinato ｒａlｓｏalｌoｗs ｔｏbe powｅreｄfrｏm aｎeｘtｅrnaｌpｏｗｅr sｕpｐly determined by a jｕmper．Ｃ.Nｏde Softwａre ＤesｉｇｎＴhｅａpplication ｓystｅｍconsistsｏf aｃｏｏrdinａtor ａｎd sｅｖeｒａl ｅnd deviｃeｓ．The gｅｎeｒal ｓｔrｕcture of ｔhe coｄe in eaｃh ｉs the ｓame，wｉth an initiａlization followed ｂｙa mａiｎloop.The software floｗoｆcoｏrdiｎaｔｏｒ, upｏn thｅcｏｏrdinatｏr bｅing ｓｔarted,thｅfirst acｔion of the apｐｌicatiｏn is ｔｈe iniｔｉａlization oｆtｈe hardware, liquidｃｒystal，stack aｎｄａpplｉcatioｎvａriablｅs and opｅning ｔhｅinterｒｕpt.Ｔhenａnetｗｏrk wｉll be formaｔted. Ｉf this neｔhas beｅn ｆormatｔed successfully,some networｋinformatiｏｎ, such ａｓphyｓical address, neｔID,chａｎnel nuｍber will be shown on ｔhｅＬCD. Thｅn ｐrogram wｉｌl stｅp ｉｎto apｐlication layer aｎd monｉtoｒsｉgnaｌ. If tｈeｒe ｉs ｅnd devicｅor rouｔer wanｔtoｊoiｎin tｈis net,LＣD wｉll sｈowｎthis infｏｒmaｔion，and sｈoｗtｈｅｐhysical adｄｒess ｏｆaｐplｙing node, an ｄthｅcooｒｄinatｏｒwilｌａlｌoｃaｔe ａnet adｄｒess to tｈｉsｎｏdｅ. Ｉｆthe node haｓbｅｅn joineｄin this network，ｔhe data tranｓmittedｂy this node will be receｉved by coｏrｄinａtoｒaｎd shown ｉｎthｅLＣＤ．The software flow ｏf a ｓensｏr nｏｄe, ａs eａch ｓeｎsor node is switchｅd on, ｉｔscans all channelｓaｎd, aｆter seｅing anｙbｅａcｏns, cheｃks thaｔthｅcoordinatoｒis the one ｔhat it is lookｉng for.Iｔthen pｅrforｍs a sｙnchroniｚaｔion aｎd ａssociａtioｎ．Oｎcｅaｓsoｃiａtion is completｅ, theｓensor ｎode enｔers aｒｅgular loop ofｒeaｄiｎｇiｔｓsenｓorｓand puttｉng out a f ｒame containing the sｅnsoｒdatａ．Ｉf senｄｉｎg successfｕlly，end deviｃe will ｓtep ｉnｔo idle ｓtate; ｂｙｃｏntrａsｔ,ｉt wｉll collecｔdata onｃe a ｇain anｄｓeｎd to coorｄinatｏr unｔil ｓｅnｄｉng sucｃｅｓｓfuｌly.D.Ｇｒeｅnhouse Mｏｎiｔoｒｉng Ｓoftwａre ＤｅsignWe uｓｅＶＢlanguaｇe to buｉｌd aｎｉnｔerface ｆoｒｔhe test ａｎd ｔｈｉs greenhouse senｓor networｋsoｆtware cａｎbｅｉnstaｌlｅd and launched on anｙWindows-based operating ｓyｓteｍ. Ｉt has ４ｄiaｌｏg box selｅctions: ｓeｔting coｎtrollｉngｃｏndiｔｉons, seｔting Timer，setting ｒelevant paraｍｅterｓａｎd sｈｏwing cｕrｒenｔstａtus. Ｂy sｅtｔｉng soｍｅｐaraｍe ｔers, it cａｎｐerfｏrm thｅｆuncｔioｎs oｆcommｕnｉcａting ｗith port, ｄａta collｅctｉoｎand daｔa viewiｎｇ.ﻬZigbｅe无线传感器网络在环境监测中的应用Ｉ.Zigｂｅｅ技术Ziｇbee是一种基于IEEＥ80２.15.４的无线标准上被开发用来满足大多数无线传感和控制应用的独特需求。