在职mpa 英语复习材料翻译练习
在职攻硕英语联考(英译汉)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
在职攻硕英语联考（英译汉）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 5. TranslationPart V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.1． A happy marriage apparently is good medicine, but hostile spouses may be harmful to one another’s health. Couples in conflicted marriages take longer than the happily married to heal from all kinds of wounds, from minor scrapes(擦伤)or athletic injuries to major surgery, suggests a study carried out over the weekend. And the health toll taken by a stressful job seems to be eased when the worker has a pleasurable home life. This new research, reported at an American Psychosomatic Society meeting, adds to growing evidence that marriage has an impact on health. In the wound healing study, 42 couples agreed to let researchers use a device to create several minor wounds on their skin in two sessions about two months apart. The first time, couples were told to discuss a neutral topic; the next time they were given half an hour to resolve an issue or two on which they disagreed. Their discussions were monitored. Couples took longer to heal when asked to discuss points of conflict than neutral issues. Hostile couples—attacking each other with criticism, sarcasm—healed the slowest. It took them 40% longer, or two more days, to heal, and they also produced less of the proteins linked to healing.正确答案：幸福的婚姻显然是一剂良药，而针锋相对的夫妻关系则可能对彼此的健康产生不利影响。
MPA《公共管理英语》unit翻译(全)
MPA《公共管理英语》unit翻译(全)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：Unit 1 Opening administration to the public 政府公共管理向社会开放P3 Para.1安徽省蚌埠市的市民现在有机会参加市政府会议,这主要得益于2001年12月16日正式生效并实施的邀请市民旁听政府一些行政管理方面会议的行政事务公开改革措施。
P3 Para.2每次市政管理会议都邀请10名市民参加。
受邀参加重要会议的人数是可以变化的。
这些旁听者可以是人大代表、政协委员、民主党派的要员、工商联代表及其他人士。
旁听人员必须年满18岁，并且自愿出席旁听。
P3 Para.3旁听者可以通过政府部门以书面形式发表他们的意见。
Increasing Transparency增加透明度P3 Para.4在一些城市和国家试点项目的基础之上，广东省要求省内县或县级以上的政府在今年上半年实现政务公开。
P4 Para.5所有要求人们遵守的法律、规章以及行政决策，只要不涉及到党和中央政府的机密，都应该向公众公开，具体内容如下：具体内容如下：-经济社会发展策略，工作目标和它们的完成情况（成果）；-制定重大决策和政策的程序；-财政预算和执行情况；-特种基金的分配和使用以及重要物资（材料）的购买；-重大建设项目资金和它们的招投标；-政府投资的公共福利项目；-政府审批（审查批准）的工程及完成情况；-政府向公众承诺事项的完成情况；-有关公民、法人、组织权利和利益（权益）的法律实施；-大事故的处理情况；-官员的选拔任用，公务员的录用，先进工作者的表彰，机构改革中员工的调动及公众关注的其他事项；-管理部门的职能和官员的职责；-工作内容、状态条件、流程和处理事务的时间安排表以及工作效果；-工作原则，承担义务、对违反应承担义务的申诉方法及案子的调查处理结果；P4 Para.6除了向社会公开行政事务，广东省政府的各个机构部门也被要求开放其内部体制结构，工作运转方式和管理情况，特别是官员的自律情况；部门的收入和经费开支情况，人力资源的管理，工作人员的收入分配和他们的福利待遇，以及其它事项。
mpa英语考试翻译
（一）What will replace （take the place of ）the tech economy?知识经济之后是什么经济?filialWe didn’t realize (understand/be aware of/know)we wereno longer (not any longer/not any more) living in an industrial economy for about 20 years，from the early 1950sto the early ‘70s．When we finally (at last/ultimately/in theend/eventually) figured out （work out/understand/ realize）the old economy had exited（go out; (esp of an actor) leave (the stage) 出去; 离去; 退出; （尤指演员）退场），wedidn’t know what to call the new one. Postindustrial？Service？Shopping and gathering？Information won thetitle.seek for fame/excitement/fortune我们原来没有意识到，人类已经大约二十年已不再生活在工业经济时代了，即从二十世纪五十年早期到七十年代早期。
当我们终于认识到旧经济已经退出了历史潮流时，我们不知道怎样给新经济命名，后工业时代？服务经济？还是商业经济？还是购物和积聚经济？结果，信息经济赢得了新经济的桂冠。
Get ready for (prepare for) deja vu (似曾相识的感觉；幻觉记忆) all over again(once more). Like everything else, all (an) economies have beginnings and endings, and we canalready see the end (exit) of this one a few decades (a periodof ten years) hence (formal) (for this reason). Economies end not because they peter out (gradually come to an end)but because a challenger (a more powerful economy) supplants (take one’s place/replace) them. That’s what will happen (take place/occur) around (about/some) aquarter-century (25 years) from now.再次准备迎接新一轮经济热潮吧。
在职攻硕英语联考(英译汉)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
在职攻硕英语联考（英译汉）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 5. TranslationPart V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.1．The regular use of text messages and e-mails can lower the IQ more than twice as much as smoking marijuana(大麻). That is the claim of psychologists who have found that tapping away on a mobile phone or computer keypad or checking them for electronic messages temporarily knocks up to 10 points off the user’s IQ. This rate of decline in intelligence compares unfavorably with the four-point drop in IQ associated with smoking marijuana, according to British researchers, who have labeled the temporary phenomenon of increased stupidity as “infomania”(信息狂躁症). Research on sleep deprivation suggests that the IQ drop caused by electronic obsession is equal to a wakeful night. The noticeable drop in IQ is attributed to the constant distraction of “always on” technology when employees should be concentrating on what they are paid to do. Infomania means that they lose concentration as their minds remain fixed in an almost permanent state of readiness to react to technology instead of focusing on the task in hand.正确答案：经常收发短信和电子邮件会降低你的IQ，损害程度甚至是吸食大麻对智力损害程度的两倍多。
mpa英文题
mpa英文题A Master of Public Administration (MPA) is a professional degree that focuses on the management and administration of public sector organizations. It equips individuals with the necessary skills and knowledge to work in governmental agencies, non-profit organizations, and consulting firms. The curriculum encompasses a wide range of subjects, including public policy, economics, finance, organizational behavior, and leadership. In this article, we will explore some common topics and areas of study that are often included in an MPA program.1. Public Policy Analysis:Public policy analysis is a crucial component of any MPA program. It involves studying how policies are developed, implemented, and evaluated. Students learn how to conduct research, analyze data, and make evidence-based recommendations. They also examine the various factors that influence policy decisions, such as political, economic, and social considerations.2. Public Finance and Budgeting:Public finance and budgeting are essential skills for public administrators. Students learn about the principles of taxation, revenue generation, and how public funds are allocated and managed. They explore financial management techniques, budget preparation, and performance measurement. Additionally, they study topics such as debt management, fiscal policy, and cost-benefit analysis.3. Organizational Behavior and Leadership:Understanding organizational behavior and leadership is crucial foreffective public administration. Students learn about theories and frameworks that explain how individuals, groups, and organizations operate. They study topics such as motivation, communication, decision-making, conflict resolution, and change management. Leadership skills are also emphasized, focusing on the ability to inspire and guide others in the pursuit of organizational goals.4. Public Sector Ethics and Accountability:Public sector ethics and accountability are fundamental principles for ensuring good governance. Students explore ethical dilemmas that public administrators face and learn how to make ethical decisions in complex situations. They also study mechanisms for promoting transparency, accountability, and integrity in the public sector. This includes topics such as anti-corruption measures, whistleblower protection, and codes of conduct.5. Program Evaluation and Performance Measurement:Program evaluation and performance measurement are critical tools for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of public programs and policies. Students learn how to design and implement evaluation frameworks, collect and analyze data, and make recommendations for improvement. They also explore performance measurement techniques, including the use of indicators and benchmarks to monitor progress and achieve desired outcomes.6. Intergovernmental Relations and Public-Private Partnerships: Intergovernmental relations involve the interactions and collaborations among different levels of government, such asfederal, state, and local. Students study the mechanisms, challenges, and opportunities of intergovernmental relations, including the division of powers, policy coordination, and fiscal federalism. They also learn about public-private partnerships, which involve collaborations between government agencies and private sector organizations to deliver public services and infrastructure projects.7. Strategic Planning and Policy Implementation:Strategic planning and policy implementation are key skills for public administrators. Students learn how to formulate strategic plans that align with organizational goals and objectives. They study approaches to implement policies effectively, including stakeholder engagement, project management, and performance monitoring. They also explore strategies for overcoming barriers and challenges in policy implementation.Overall, a Master of Public Administration program covers a diverse range of subjects that are essential for success in public service. It equips individuals with the knowledge and skills to analyze complex policy issues, manage public finances, lead organizations, and navigate the intricate landscape of public administration. Graduates of MPA programs often pursue careersin government, non-profit organizations, international development agencies, and consulting firms, where they can apply their expertise to address societal challenges and make a positive impact on communities.。
MPA MBA 研究生英语教程 课后翻译练习
第一课课后翻译1.事业成功的人具有他们看世界的方式，这种方式使得高层管理人员感到他们能出色地完成任何事，使得与他们共事的所有人都充满了热情和获胜的精神。
他们的成功不仅取决于努力和天分，而且取决于态度。
2.我宣布：“我想成为金星上的第一名女性。
父亲看着我，然后开始认真地制订行动计划。
他说：首先，我不得不学习物理和天文学。
我知道接着他幻想着我进入工业学校学习。
他从不嘲笑我“此刻的梦想”。
他似乎只是假定，让我假定我能做好下决心去做的事。
3.令人满意的家庭（社会生活）能让你扛住艰辛的一周所承受的压力,给予你一种思考方法。
另外，在工作以外担任重要角色减轻了寄希望于一件事情上所带来的焦虑。
社团或者慈善活动也能使你在工作之外感到充满力量并且很有价值。
第二课V. Difficult sentences1.Vicky’s reaction is an extreme example of a common phenomenon. L7维基的反应是一个常见的现象中的极端的例子。
Meaning: people having such feelings (when rejected) is very common, but inVicky’s case her response was especially serious and unusual.人有这样的感觉(当拒绝)是很常见的,但在维基的情况特别严重,她的反应是不寻常的。
2.Our society places so much emphasis on…any failure is bad.(L7-8)。
我们的社会如此推崇“成功”，以至于我们认为凡失败都是坏事。
有时候我们并没有看到貌似失败的事情可能从长远看来被证明为有利的。
3. People are generally prone to…”Two-valued orientation.”(L14-15)Meaning:People generally tend to look at things as having only two values, or two sides: anything that is not good must be bad, and that is not true must be false —this two valued logic is called “the two-valued orientation”by Hayakawa.人们大多受到语言学家S·I·早川所谓的“双值定向”的影响。
公共管理硕士MPA考试英语经典翻译(二)
公共管理硕士MPA考试英语经典翻译（二）MPA考试英语经典翻译练习题，报考公共管理硕士的考生可以多花点时间背一下，以提高MPA 考试英语水平。
1.The American economic system anized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. [参考译文]美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
2.Thus,in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers,coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes,that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.[参考译文]因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。
3.If,on the other hand,producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers,which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.[参考译文]另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。
人大在职工商管理英语科目翻译练习答案——李桂荣老师
Translation for translation from Chinese into EnglishPart A1.The development of scientific research in our country is characterized by the combination of theory with practice.2.The electric power supplied at present can’t satisfy our need.3.In their work, they pay much attention to the combination of theory with practice.4.China’s successful explosion of its first atom bomb caused tremendous repercussions throughout the world.5.Xu Beihong’s drawing of horses is exceptionally good.6.The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking efforts.7.There must be less empty talk and more hard work.8.Exchange of ideas is a vital necessity.9.The air was so fresh and fragrant that it gave people a feeling of exceptional coolness and comfort.10.We are certain that corrosion has a close relation to moisture and temperature.11.We are deeply concerned at the news that your country has been struck by an earthquake.12.They are entirely ignorant of carbohydrates and proteins to be natural organic materials.13.I’m on the middle shift today.14.They kept on fighting in spite of all difficulties.15.Are you for or against the proposal?16.We should not be after only fame and position.17.He may not be against the plan.18.What is the population of Singapore?19.The use of bacteriological weapons is a clear violation of international law.20.The magistrates are free to burn down houses, while the common people are forbidden evento light lamps.21.The distance light travels in one second is 300,000 kilometres.22.You may read the book first since you are anxious to read it.23.Please fill in this form, and give it to me when you finish it.24.It works wonders whe n you know how to use it; but when you d o n’t, it is not worth a single penny.25.Water moves in water waves and heat in heat.26.Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.27.She covered her face with her hands as if to protect her eyes.28.I shall appreciate it very much if you will reply at your earliest convenience.29.We feared that he would burn himself out in doing such a heavy job.30.I will inform you of the result by telegram.31.We should gradually eliminate the difference between town and country.32.You must have a concern for your own health.ws form part of the supper structure.34.When anyone among the people breaks the law, he too should be punished, imprisoned.35.These two questions should not be lumped together.36.Y o u’d better ask the opinions of the students. Construction is going ahead vigorously on all fronts.37.Here I wish to speak briefly on practicing economy.38.The discussion covers Sino-U.S. relations and Sino-Soviet relations.39.All this is very good and is of great educational value.40.China’s economy is still backward.41.Ma t er can be changed into energy, and energy into ma t er.42.The use of poison-gases is a clear violation of inter national law, in particular of the “Geneva Convention”.43.The biologist says that certain bats by receiving the echo to the squeaks they emit can locateand steer clear of obstacles.44.Most of people seem to prefer watching games to playing games.45.A Communist should be more concerned about the Party and the masses than about any individual, and more about others than about himself.46.Facts are facts.47.Like cures like.48.Xinhua News Agency is authorized to issue the following statement.49.When matter is heated, it expands.50.The element discovered by Madame Curie was named radium.51.Overseas Chinese are no longer looked down upon.52.He was laughed at by his neighbours.53.This factory was seriously damaged during the earthquake.54.How to make the processing efficient should be discussed seriously.55.This point must be explained in greater details.56.This problem must be dealt with at an appropriate time.57.This book has already been translated into Chinese.58.Shortcomings and mistakes must be overcome.59.Rice is chiefly grown in the south.60.The work has already been done.61.English is spoken here.62.The construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year.63.I didn’t see him y esterday.64.The experiment didn’t go as smoothly as we had expected.65.This state of affairs must not be allowed to continue.66.We will live up to the expectations of our people.67.Before the receipt has been signed, the money must not be paid.68.The weasel pays a courtesy visit to the hen with evil intent.69.Men only weep when deeply hurt.70.His explanation is far from satisfactory.71.He refused to take the money.72.A man who tells lies is the last man to rely on.73.It is not fair not to praise him.74.He did not say so groundlessly.75.Dust never vanishes of itself without sweeping.76.Under no circumstances should this treasure be discarded77.In order to convince everybody, he had to make a minute analysis of the situation.78.My loneliness had to be dispelled for it was causing me agony.79.A new building material is being developed at the present time.80.Many questions have been raised during the conference.81.The figure of a hunter was printed on the cover of the book.82.Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered.83.Without facility, there would be no difficulty; without difficulty, there would be no facility.84.There exist different opinions on the problem.85.It often snows in winter.86.It is extremely hot here in summer.87.The sun is up.88.Snow is falling heavily.89.One is never too old to learn.90.In our drive for socialist modernization, we must respect knowledge and talented people.91.Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.92.Today, T okyo issued the mid-term report of marine resources investigation in 2004, saying that two of the three natural gas fields, which China plans to explore in question areas, are subject toJapan.93.All human cooperation is based on the trust among people, and yet different trusts bringabout different qualities and performances of cooperation.94.If Rumsfeld, US secretary of defense, were able to visit China, it would be the first time forseven years for US Secretary of Defense to visit China.95.As to the various unreasonable charges in education sector, Zhou Ji said, it’s a serious problem of whether the education is fair or not and causes special concern of people.96.Wang Zhiqiang, general manager of Beijing Jin Zhi Y ou Family Services, said, up to now, onlymore than 300 family servants came back to their company after they returned to Beijing, the number of which is less than half of that in the same period in other years. A director of Ai NongFamily Services said, people available to introduce are clearly less than those in same period in last year though it’s still hard t o g et the exact number.Part B1.There’s an experiment in biological field. Biologists put a frog into a vessel full of cold water and heat it quickly with a heat source underneath so as to bring the water to high temperature. When the water comes quickly to a high temperature, the frog i mmediately jumps out (of the vessel).When the vessel was heated slowly to bring the temperature one degree higher every two days, itwon ’t jump out (by itself) even when the temperature reaches 90 degrees centigrade – though it is already almost boiled to death.2.The miracle chip represents a quantum leap in the technology of mankind, a developmentthat over the past few years has acquired the force and significance associated w ith the developmentof hand tools or the discovery of the steam engine. Just as the Industrial Revolution took over animmense range of tasks from men’s muscles and enormously expanded productivity, so the microcomputer is rapidly assuming huge burdens of drudgery from the human brain and therebyexpanding the mind’s capacities. With the chip, amazing feats of memory and execution becomepossible in everything.3.Fatigue is one of the most common complaints brought to doctors, friends and relatives. The causes of modern-day fatigue are diverse and only rarely related to excess physical exertion. Therelatively few who do heavy labor all day long almost never complain about being tired, perhapsbecause they expect to be. Today, physicians report, tiredness is more likely a consequence of under-exertion than of wearing yourself down with over-activity. In fact, increased physical activity isoften prescribed as a cure for sinking energy.4.The open-door policy promotes the fast growth of Chinese economy and brings forth manystrong indigenous Chinese enterprises. Kingfa, a high-tech enterprise, with its 11-year strenuous efforts, is now one of the biggest production bases in modified plastics in China, with RMB 1.83 billion output and RMB 0.7 billion total asset, se t ing a good example in national modified plasticsindustry. As a combination of various efforts, Kingfa ’s great achievements come from 11-year hard work and intelligence of all Kingfa people. Getting listed as a public company, Kingfa will meet new challenges and take new opportunities so as to achieve new development. Kingfa ’s goal is “to be welcome as a world brand and make a long-life Kingfa. ” Kingfa will never stop its steps.5.Y ou would not know what is really luxuriant and green until you travel to Y unan. And you would not feel the soul-shaking feel of the roaring and swelling tides until you visit Tiger-JumpingGorge (Hu Tiao Xia), the number-one chasm along the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang).“What a beauty! (What a beauty!)”chanted those in the coach, praising the scenery in Y unnan, as they peered out of the coach wondering among lofty towering mountains. It was a attractive vista indeed: the rolling green mountains, the shining bright lakes, and the floating cloud flowers in the intoxicating blue sky. At a however nonchalant glance, you ’ll see a perfect charming view.6.Cultivating their children is parents ’ bounden duty.Family cultivation is the base of all cultivating activities, which plays a special role in ideological and m ental teaching for those not yet ofage. One Russia educationist said, ‘Parents who have made devoting sons to our motherland have built an everlasting monument for themselves.’ In reality, it ’s common that some parents feel atlost at cultivating their children. Many facts show that not all parents know how to cultivate theirchildren. For example, some parents only get them learn well and eat well rather than grow up healthily both in psychology and personality. In the new age of socialist market economy, it ’s not easy not to be out of duty as qualified parents and even more difficult to make their children a participant and successor fully developed in integrity, intelligence and constitution.。
在职攻硕英语联考(英译汉)模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)
在职攻硕英语联考（英译汉）模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 5. TranslationPart V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.1．From the start of the modern Olympics, male athletes of every race, religion, and nationality have been allowed to participate. No women competed in 1896. A few female golfers and tennis players were allowed to take part in the 1900 Games. Female gymnasts and track-and-field athletes first competed at the 1928 Games. Women’s Olympic sports have grown hugely since then. Today women make up about half of the total number of competitors. This has not been the only change. Figure skating was part of the Summer Games of 1908 and 1920, and ice hockey was played in 1920. They then became part of the Winter Olympics, which was first held in 1924 in France. Although founded to help world peace, the modern Olympic Games sometimes become a stage for political arguments. The most controversial Olympics were the Berlin Games of 1936. Under the rule of the Nazis, German Jewish athletes were banned from the German team. The Olympic Games were interrupted twice during the First and Second World Wars. The event was not held in 1916, 1940 and 1944.正确答案：自现代奥运会诞生之日起，各种族、宗教、民族的男性运动员均被允许参赛。
MBA、MPA考研英语学习资料之翻译
讲师：余思雅翻译题型考查——考试大纲第三部分翻译考查考生所理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。
要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
要求考生阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语。
共15分。
题型考查（与英语（一）比较）•大纲：英语（一）大纲：“要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个画线的句子（约150词）译成汉语，以考查考生准确理解结构较复杂的英语文字材料的能力”。
•难度：英语（一）要求翻译的5个句子往往是整篇文章中最长、最难或最复杂的句子，并且题材往往涉及专业性很强的科普性文章；英语（二）是短文翻译，短文中有难句亦有简单句，并且题材相对大众化、贴近生活实践。
•分值：英语（一）分值是10%，英语（二）分值是15%。
评分标准——翻译第四档（13-15分）很好地完成了试题规定的任务。
理解准确无误，表达通顺清楚，没有错译、漏译。
第三档（9-12分）基本完成了试题规定的任务。
理解基本准确，表达比较通顺，没有重大错译、漏译。
第二档（5-8分）未能按要求完成试题规定的任务。
理解原文不够准确，表达欠通顺，有明显错译、漏译。
第一档（0-4分）未完成试题规定的任务。
不能理解原文，表达不通顺、文字支离破碎。
本题目总分15分，评分内容分三部分：1.句子基本意思。
2.关键词。
3.总体印象。
（通常为2分，由卷面整洁、基本达意、表述流畅、文字优美四项构成，每项0,5分）卷面真题中的分布序号年份主题长度12010年Ning 对生活承受力的理解149词/10句22011年IT行业的温室气体排放152词/7句32012年发展中国家的人才流失151词/6句42013年一个超强记忆力者的自白156词/9句52014年如何看待并做到乐观147词/10句62015年熟路效应156词/10句72016年超市设计的目的及原理146词/7句82017年理想之路的由来153词/7句92018年Bill Gates 的阅读习惯139词/9句翻译技巧 词法句法全篇翻译技巧——词（1. 猜“生词”）1.猜“生词”构词法语境分析Just as crops are harvested，wildlife too must sometimes be“harvested”. By allowing limited hunting, good management can control species that threaten to overpopulate their habitat.【译文】______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Globalization is not just about increasing the worldwide circulation of information and ideas. Economically speaking，it entails transnationalinvestment and international trade，thereby integrating all countries into a single giant world market.【译文】__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻译技巧——词（1. 猜“生词”）2.词性转译名词转译成动词（最常见）①由动词派生的名词转译成动词There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling.【译文】___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻译技巧——词（2. 词性转译）②含有动作意味的名词往往可以转译成动词。
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• Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and great number of many other purposes. 对所有生 物而言，甚至对其他植物来说， 物而言，甚至对其他植物来说，植物是食物金字 塔的基础。 塔的基础。他们对人类的安宁幸福一直都是非常 重要的。他们不仅用作食物，而且还用作衣服、 重要的。他们不仅用作食物，而且还用作衣服、 武器、工具、燃料、药物、住所， 武器、工具、燃料、药物、住所，以及其他许多 功能。 功能。
• Tribes living today in the jungles of Amazon recognize virtually hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge” at all. 今天生 活在亚马逊丛林中的部落能够认识数百种的植物 并且知道每种植物的许多特性。对他们来说， 并且知道每种植物的许多特性。对他们来说，根 本没有植物学这个名词， 本没有植物学这个名词，甚至它也许根本就算不 上是“知识”的专门学科。 上是“知识”的专门学科。
翻译练习答案
• Botany, the study of plants, occupied a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. For many thousands of years, it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest of insights. It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies. This is logical. 植物学， 也就是研究植物的科学， 植物学 ， 也就是研究植物的科学 ， 在人类知识 史上占据特殊的地位。千万年来， 史上占据特殊的地位。千万年来，人们对这一领 域的认识绝不仅仅是略知皮毛。 域的认识绝不仅仅是略知皮毛。今天要想知道我 们石器时代的祖先如何了解植物是不可能的， 们石器时代的祖先如何了解植物是不可能的，但 是从我们对如今依然存在的工业前社会的观察来 看，他们对植物及其特性的详细了你解肯定是由 来已久的，这是符合逻辑的。 来已久的，这是符合逻辑的。