专四语法讲解(从句)
英语专四语法考试时间状语从句解读
英语专四语法考试时间状语从句解读英语专四语法考试时间状语从句解读根据历年专四真题语法词汇题的总结，从句是语法考试的难点，时间状语从句是难点之一，以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语专四语法考试时间状语从句解读，希望能给大家带来帮助!§引导词有：when, whenever, after, as, while, since, before, until, as soon as, now that, once, directly等。
____ to sleep than the telephone rang once more.A) Hardly he had gone§B) No sooner had he goneC) Not until he wentD) Scarcely did he goHardly /Scarcely… when 和No sooner… thanShe comes to me whenever she feels lonely.Once you object to a man, everything he does is wrong.Now (that) you mention it, I do remember.Directly he was out of sight of her, he wanted to see her.I didn’t wait a moment, but came immediately you called.The minute/ moment/ day, the first/ second/last time, each/every/next time 都可引导时间状语从句。
The day he returned home, his father was already dead. 【拓展阅读】专四条件状语从句考点解析1、连词看到条件状语从句，我们一般都能想到由if做连词，引导的状语从句。
最新--英语专四语法-从句资料
三类从句名词性从句：Nominative/noun clauses1. 主语从句subject clause除基础知识外，另外要掌握的：a. 识别it作形式主语，主语从句后置It is a privilege that you have invited me to the party.b. whether, if引导主语从句的区别c. whatever, whoever, whenever , wherever引导主语从句时，不可以用no matter what/who/when/where替换。
在引导让步状语从句时，可互换。
2. 宾语从句object clausea. 识别it作形式宾语, 宾语从句后置I consider it an honor that you have invited me to your wedding.b. whether, if引导的宾语从句可互换(没有和or not连用时)，但介词后的宾语从句只能用whether, 不能用if. It is a question of whether we should compromise our integrity.c. 不可省略连词that的5种情况可浏览一下，有个印象：两个以上宾语从句，有插入语，直宾, that从句后置，宾语从句是复合句，且复合句中从句位于主句之前。
3. 表语从句predicative clausea. 位于系动词之后；b. 可用whether, as if, as though引导。
It looks as if it is going to rain.c. 当主句的主语是reason时，引导词用that, 不能用because.The reason why they were upset was that they lost the game.4. 同位语从句appositive clause;1. 通常在抽象名词之后，连词that 通常不可省略；if不能引导同位语从句；We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting. (if不对)2. 和定语从句的区别: 作句子成分?3. doubt在否定句中带同位语从句时的引导词是that, 在肯定句中一般用whether.I don’t doubt ____ he can finish the task on time.I doubt ____ they can swim across the river.定语从句attributive clause:先行词：antecedent关系代词：relative pronoun限定性restrictive ~，非限定性non restrictive ~1.关系代词that, who, which用法区分;2.只能用that的情况：先行词前有特定的修饰词，不定代词；先行词是人+物的时候；3.关系代词which前可加介词，that前不能加介词；4.as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别5.定语从句中的谓语动词和先行词保持一致：He is one of the players who are awarded a prize.He is the only one of the players who is awarded a prize.状语从句adverbial clause：时间~ of time，地点~ of place，原因~ of cause，比较~ of comparison，结果~ of result，条件~ of condition，让步~ of concession，目的~ of purpose，1. for fear that, lest引导的目的状语从句要用should do/be:She put an extra blanket over the baby lest/for fear that he should catch a cold.2. as, though引导的让步状语从句；as 要倒装，though可倒装，也可不倒装。
专四定语从句语法点
专四定语从句语法点专四定语从句语法点引导语：定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。
下面是店铺为大家精心整理的专四定语从句语法点，欢迎阅读！专四定语从句语法点关系代词：which（指sth 作主语或宾语），that（指sb或sth 作主语或宾语），who（指sb作主语或宾语），whom（指sb作宾语），whose（指sb或sth，作定语）,as（指sb,sth 作主语或宾语）;注意: 做宾语的时候，关系代词可以省略。
关系副词：when（指时间on which），where（指地点at which），why（指原因 for which）考点1. 先行词为人时引导词who和that(1) 只能用who不用that：1)当先行词为one(s), anyone, those 时；2)当先行词为人称代词时。
(2) 只能用that不用who：1)当主句已经出现who时。
2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
1. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _that______ he was twenty years ago.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whom考点2. 先行词为物时引导词that和which(1) 只能用that不用which：1)先行词为much, little, few, nothing, none, anything, no, all等不定代词。
2）先行词既有人又有物。
3）先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰。
4）先行词被the very, the only, the last, just, all, any, every, no等修饰。
5）关系代词在从句中作表语。
6) 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中。
7) 主句是there be句型。
专四语法复习-从句篇
从句专题从句引导词的确定从句引导词通常起两个作用①引导和连接主从句②在从句中作某种成分答题依据：看它在句中做什么成分、表达什么意义（一）主语从句引导词：从属连词—that, whether连接代词—what, which, who, whom连接副词—when, where, why, how1 That he is always ready to help others is known to all.2 In some countries, ____ is called “equality” doesn’t really mean equal right for equal people.A whichB whatC thatD one答案 B（二）宾语从句引导词：从属连词—that, whether, if连接代词—what, which, who, whom(词尾加-ever加强语气)连接副词—when, where, why, how1 By success, I don’t mean ___ usually thought of when that word is used.A what isB that weC as youD all is2 We agreed to accept ___ they thought was the best tourist guide.A whicheverB whoeverC whateverD whomever3 The basic features of communication process are identified in one question: who says ___ through what channel to whom?A whatB howC whenD such4 Although Anne is happy with her success, she wonders ___ will happen on her private life.A thisB thatC itD what5 They always give the vacant seats to ___ come first.A whoeverB whomeverC whoD whom答案：ABADA（三）表语从句引导词：从属连词—that, whether, if连接代词—what, which, who, whom连接副词—when, where, why, howThat’s what they did. / why I didn’t come.The question is whether we shall stay or not./ how we can get there./ who he is./ whom he is looking for.The reason is (that) he is ill.（四）同位语从句引导词：从属连词—that, whether连接副词—when, where, why, howthat—无意义，不做成分，但不能省略同位语从句所修饰的名词被称为先行词。
专四语法讲义
专四语法部分一、总体概况：语法考点：三大从句——名词、定从、状从非谓语动词时态、语态、语气、情态动词其他二、从句讲解三大从句（一）三大从句五种基本句式主语+谓语vt+宾语主语+谓语vt+宾语+宾语主语+谓语vt+宾语+补语主语+谓语vi+状语主语+系动词+表语状语，主语（定语）谓语宾语状语(定从) 系动词表语（状从）（同位语）（非谓语）（非谓语）（介词短语）（介词短语）（副词）长难句解题技巧：抓住干，定从句逗号原则：在英语句子中，逗号是不能连接两个独立完整的句子的。
名词性从句三大从句（二）两步解题法1.抓连词2.状从中的连接词——常考固搭so…that in order that such…that with the result that so thatthat引导名词性从句——that+完整句子（1）主语从句e.g. It is true that he passed the exam.It is said that he passed the exam.It is a pity that he didn’t pass the exam.强调句式It is/was+被强调部分+that+不完整句子主、宾、表、状e.g. I met him in the street.It was him that I met in the street.It was in the street that I met him.(2)宾语从句主+谓语vt+（that）+完整句子e.g. I know (that) he passed the exam.（3）表语从句主+系动词+that+完整句子e.g. My suggestion is that he go with us tomorrow.(4)同位语从句抽象名词+that+完整句子e.g. My suggestion that he go with us tomorrow.There is/are +抽象名词+that+完整句子Answer,belief,concept,conclusion,decision,discovery,doubt,evidence,sign,fact,hope,idea,informati on,knowledge,suggestion,thought,probability…On the condition that…Despite the fact that…On the understanding that…that 引导限定性定从all some any one(s) every each…the first the lastthe only the veryn+that+不完整句子作从句中的主、宾、表语e.g. The book that was written by him is pop.that引导同位语从句抽象名词+that+完整句子that 引导限定性定从n+that+不完整句子作从句中的主、宾、表语The fact that he passed the exam was true.The fact that he found was true.三大从句（三）What=all that; the thing that; the person thatWhat 只引导主从、宾从、表从,不能引导定从和同位从What+不完整句子What he said made me happy.e.g. _____it turned out,it was Italian movie.A What_____it turned out was Italian movie.A WhatI know what he said.I listen to what he said.This is what he said.词______+ 不完整句子n A what Xvt/介词/系动词 A what 可以考虑词，_______+不完整句子A whatB whichC thatwhat 与how 的区别I don’t know what to do.I don’t know how to do it.I’m thinking of ______to do about it.A.whatB. how介词短语在句子的位置1）作状语句子+介短/介短+句子2）作定语n+介短3）作表语系+介短wh—ever与no matter wh—区别让步、名从让步I don’t believe whatever he said.Whatever happens,don’t panic.公式however + adj/adv + 主语+ 谓语e.g. It caused them to think about _______they might control the experiences of children to duce responsible and productive adults.A. whatB. howC. whateverD. however if 与 whether 的区别 if_______about the university the mind, love, dreams, or ordering a drink. A) whatB) whether C) while D) if Never ask a child _______he likes or dislikes.A) what B) whether C) that D) which We know, however,________ no two places are exactly the same. A) Although B) whether C) since D) that 三大从句（四） 定语从句两步解题法1. 抓先行项（指人、物、整句话内容）2. 抓关系词在定语从句中的成分e.g. This is the house_______①I once lived.②I once visited.①where/in which②that/which/xThis is the very house_________ I once visited.e.g. I’ll never forget the day______①I met him.②I spent with him.①when/on which②that/which/xI’ll never forget the very day______ I spent with him. 地点n where 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补主+谓vi主+系+表时间n when 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补主+谓vi 主+系+表the reason why 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补 主+谓vi 主+系+表 三大从句（五）Which 在专四考试中，只考定语从句。
专四英语之分词动名词及名词性从句知识讲解
一、分词、动名词、独立主格结构等简要用法分词用法如下：分词作状语，一般直接出现在开头，后面加句子。
a)主动结构做状语，前面状语隐含主语与后面句子主语一致。
(Not)Being a student/sick/in the room,加句子(Being sick, he feels sad.)(Not)Having been a student/sick/in the room, 加句子( Having been sick, he stays at home.) (Not)Doing, 加句子(Smiling, he came into the room.)(Not)Having done,加句子(Having finished his homework, he returned home.)He came in, smiling.(本句子中的状语smiling放在后面而不是前面)b)被动结构做状语，前面状语隐含主语与后面句子主语一致。
(Not)Done,加句子(Written, the letter was put on the table.)(Not)Being done,加句子(Being written, the letter hasn’t been finished yet.)(Not)Having been done,加句子(Having been written, the letter is put on the table.)He came in, excited(本句子中的状语excited放在后面而不是前面)c)分词作定语The letter (which was )written yesterday is on the tableThe letter (which is) being written now is on the table.The letter (which is )to be written tomorrow is on the table.The man who has survived(having survived ) the earthquake is my friend.The man (who is )dancing here now is my friend.2. 独立主格结构a)主动形式的独立主格结构名词/代词+being a student/sick/in the room,加句子(He/Mary being sick, he feels sad.)名词/代词+having been a student/sick/in the room, 加句子( He/Mary having been sick, he stays at home.)名词/代词+doing, 加句子(He/Mary Smiling, Peter came into the room.)名词/代词+having done,加句子(He/Mary having finished his homework, he returned home.) b)被动形式的独立主格结构名词/代词+done,加句子(He/Mary punished, he feels sad.)名词/代词+being done,加句子(He/Mary being punished, he feels sad.)名词/代词+having been done,加句子(He/Mary having been punished, he feels sad.)3. 动名词，顾名思义，具有名词属性，做主语或宾语，做宾语时要么做动词宾语，要么做介词宾语。
专四必看语法：名词性从句
专四必看语法：名词性从句名词性从句指在一个句子中起名词作用的主谓结构，它可以在主从复合句中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。
名词性从句的语序为陈述语序。
下面主要介绍一下考查较多的同位语从句和宾语从句。
1同位语从句1) 能接同位语从句的名词主要有: answer, belief, certainty, concept, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, evidence, explanation, fact, hope, idea, impression, information, knowledge, problem, promise, statement, suggestion, thought, probability, 同位语从句多由that引导，疑问代词who, which, what和疑问副词where, when, how, why也可以引导。
2) 在on the assumption that, on condition that, despite the fact that, on the understanding that等结构中，也可以用同位语从句。
2宾语从句1) 宾语从句的主要引导词有that，还有连接代词或连接副词，如what, which, where, how, why, 以及连词whether(if)。
2) whatever, whichever, whoever引导的`宾语从句，例如：I’ll do whatever you want (me to). 你要我做什么我就做什么。
3) 在in, but, except等少数几个介词后可以接that引导的宾语从句，且已经成为固定搭配，例如：This paper is perfect except that there are some misspellings. 除了有几处拼写错误以外，这篇论文写得十分完美。
英语专业四级名词性从句全攻略
英语专业四级名词性从句全攻略名词性从句是英语语法中的一个重要概念，它在句子中充当名词的作用。
在四级考试中，名词性从句常常是考查的重点之一。
本文将从定义、分类、用法、注意事项等方面全面讲解名词性从句。
一、定义名词性从句是指在句子中作名词用的从句。
它可以起主语、宾语、表语和同位语的作用。
名词性从句通常由连词引导，包括：that, whether, if, who, whom, whose, which, what等。
二、分类名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1. 主语从句主语从句在句子中充当主语的作用，常出现在句首。
例如："What he said is true."（他所说的是真的。
）2. 宾语从句宾语从句在句子中充当宾语的作用，常出现在动词后面。
例如："I don't know where he lives."（我不知道他住在哪里。
）3. 表语从句表语从句在句子中充当表语的作用，常出现在系动词后面。
例如："The most important thing is that you are happy."（最重要的是你快乐。
）4. 同位语从句同位语从句在句子中充当同位语的作用，用来解释或说明名词。
例如："The news that he won the award surprised everyone."（他赢得奖项的消息让大家都感到惊讶。
）三、用法名词性从句可以使用不同的连词引导，根据不同的语境和句子结构选择合适的连词。
以下是常见的引导词及其用法：1. thatthat引导的名词性从句可用作主语、宾语和表语。
例如："Life is not what we expect."（生活并非我们所期望的。
）2. whether/ifwhether或if引导的名词性从句常用于宾语从句中，表示“是否”。
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1.让步状语从句
让步状语从句：除了2000，2007年没考，其 他年份都考过 （1）由though, although, even if / though引 导的状语从句
（2）as引导的让步状语从句 as引导的让步状语从句 (3) while 引导的让步状语从句 （4) no matter how/ what / when / where, however, whatever 引导的让步状语从句 (5）特殊让步状语从句 (5）特殊让步状语从句
You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting provided you don’t mind taking the night train. Assuming he is diligent in his studies at ordinary times, he is sure to pass the test. In the event that she has not been informed, I will tell her. (如果……) You can go swimming on condition that you don’t go too far from the river bank. (如果……) Suppose it rained, we would still go. (假如……) Say it were true, what would you do about it? (假 如……)
9. _____ I sympathize, I can’t really do very much to help them out As long as B. As C. While D. Even [C] 10. Fool _____ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing. (10, 55) A. who B. as C. like D. that [B]
2.条件状语从句 引导词除if外，还有unless, provided / providing (that), so / as long as, on condition that, suppose / supposing (that), in the event that, whether or not 可表示选 择条件句。
2. If not _____ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles illall the time. (04, 55) A. being treated B. treated C. be treated D. having been treated [B]
（2）Hardly / Scarcely ... when; No sooner … than 引 导的时间状语从句 （3）the minute / moment /day, the first / second / last time, each / every / next time （4) since “自从”，从句用非延续动词，主句完成 自从” 时态 (5)副词directly, immediately, instantly, now引导时间 从句, 相当于as soon as。如: The policemen went into action directly they heard the alarm.
真题讲解
1. He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, _____ that he paid me back the following week. (05, 64) A. on occasion B. on purpose C. on condition D. only if [C]
3. _____ both sides accept the agreement _____ a lasting peace be established in this region. (04, 60) A. Only if, will B. If only, would C. Should, will D. Unless, would [A] 4. _____ that the demand for gasoline continues to rise at the current rate, it will not be long before its price rockets to a terribly high level. (04, 64) A. Ascertaining B. Assuming C. Concerning D. Regarding [B]
11. _____ he needed money for a few car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank. (98, 48) A. Much as B. Much though C. As much D. Though much [A] 12. _____, he always tries his best to complete it on time. (99, 51) A. However the task is hard B. However hard the task is C. Though hard the task is D. Though hard is the task [B]
7. _____ I like economics, I like sociology much better. (03, 59) A. As much as B. So much C. How much D. Much as [D] 8. Fool _____ Jane is, she could not have done such a thing. (02, 58) A. who B. as C. that D. like [B]
从句的省略。当条件状语从句的主语与主句主语 一致，并且从句谓语含有be时，可以将从句主语 一致，并且从句谓语含有be时，可以将从句主语 和be一起省略。 这被称为带连词的无动词状语从 be一起省略。 句。
如： Although (he is) very young, he works as hard as an adult. The child is never peevish unless (he is) sick.
真题举例 1. The couple had no sooner got to the station _____ the coach left. (09, 60) A. when B. as C. until D. than [D] 2. I enjoyed myself so much _____ I visited my friends in Paris last year. (08, 56) A. when B. which C. that D. where [A]
3. _____ dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive. (06, 51) A. Although B. Whatever C. As D. However [D] 4. _____, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.(05, 52) A. Although he is a socialist B. Even if he is a socialist C. Being a socialist D. Since he is a socialist [A]
13. Much as _____, I couldn’t lend him the money because I simply didn’t have that much spare cash. (99,52) A. I would have liked to B. I would like to have C. I should have to like D. I should have liked to [A] 14. _____, he is ready to accept suggestions from different sources.(97, 46) A. Instead of his contributions B. For all his notable contributions contributions C. His making notable contributions D. However his notable contributions [B] [B]
真题讲解
1. _____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay. (09, 54) A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whichever D. However [A] 2. _____ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. (08, 55) A. Much enough B. Much as C. As much D. Though much [B]
5. This is an illness that can result in total blindness ___ left untreated. (00, 42) A. after B. if C. since D. unless [B] [B]