1高三考试试题
高三必修1试题及答案
高三必修1试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列关于细胞结构的描述，错误的是：A. 细胞壁是植物细胞特有的结构B. 线粒体是细胞的能量转换器C. 细胞膜具有选择透过性D. 细胞核是细胞的遗传信息库答案：A2. 光合作用中，光反应和暗反应的场所分别是：A. 叶绿体基质和叶绿体基粒B. 叶绿体基粒和叶绿体基质C. 叶绿体基质和线粒体D. 线粒体和叶绿体基质答案：B3. 酶的催化作用具有高效性，其原因是：A. 酶能提供能量B. 酶能降低化学反应的活化能C. 酶能改变化学反应的途径D. 酶能改变反应物的浓度答案：B4. 下列关于DNA复制的描述，正确的是：A. DNA复制是双向的B. DNA复制是半保留的C. DNA复制是单向的D. DNA复制是全保留的答案：B5. 下列关于基因突变的描述，错误的是：A. 基因突变是可遗传的变异B. 基因突变是随机发生的C. 基因突变是可逆的D. 基因突变是低频发生的答案：C6. 下列关于细胞周期的描述，正确的是：A. 细胞周期包括间期和分裂期B. 细胞周期只包括分裂期C. 细胞周期只包括间期D. 细胞周期是细胞分裂的全过程答案：A7. 下列关于细胞分化的描述，错误的是：A. 细胞分化是基因选择性表达的结果B. 细胞分化是细胞形态和功能的改变C. 细胞分化是永久性的D. 细胞分化是可逆的答案：D8. 下列关于细胞凋亡的描述，正确的是：A. 细胞凋亡是一种病理性死亡B. 细胞凋亡是一种程序性死亡C. 细胞凋亡是细胞的自然死亡D. 细胞凋亡是细胞的意外死亡答案：B9. 下列关于细胞癌变的描述，错误的是：A. 细胞癌变是基因突变的结果B. 细胞癌变是细胞失去控制的增殖C. 细胞癌变是细胞分化的异常D. 细胞癌变是细胞凋亡的异常答案：D10. 下列关于细胞衰老的描述，正确的是：A. 细胞衰老是细胞生命周期的必然阶段B. 细胞衰老是细胞的病理性死亡C. 细胞衰老是细胞分化的结果D. 细胞衰老是细胞凋亡的异常答案：A二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1. 细胞膜的主要成分是________和________。
2025届四川省南充市高三一诊考试英语试题
2025届四川省南充市高三一诊考试英语试题一、阅读理解Sri Lanka: Wildlife and Wonders of the Spice IslandFrom cloud forests and spice gardens to tea estates and holy temples, the tiny island nation of Sri Lanka has so much to offer.You will be amazed at historical wonders as you climb the steps of Sigiriya, tour the muralled caves of Dambulla and walk along the walls of Galle Fort. Learn about traditional Sri Lankan cuisine during hands-on cooking classes and tastings of Ceylon tea. Embark on morning and afternoon campaign in famous national parks, searching for the incredible wildlife — such as peacocks, elephants, leopards and more.WHAT TO EXPECT·AccommodationsThroughout the expedition (探险), you will stay in ideally located, high-end hotels with many convenient facilities.·Expedition TeamA National Geographic Expert and an Expedition Leader will accompany this trip, as well as local guides who will join you along the way.·TransportationAll of your transportation needs during your stay in Sri Lanka have been arranged as specified in your trip schedule. When spending time on your own, you may choose to visit a site that requires transportation not in the plan after informing your expedition leader.DATES & PRICESPrices are per person based on double or single occupancy and booking before Septempber 5, 2025 can bring you $400 saving per person. If you want to know more about this trip, tick here or call (888) 966-8687 or contact your Travel Advisor.1．Where can visitors admire historical wonders in Sri Lanka?A．In the spice garden.B．In the thick forest.C．In the muralled caves.D．In the wildlife park.2．What can visitors do during the journey?A．Stay in a top grade homestay.B．Travel with local government leaders.C．Change an expedition guide.D．Choose transportation out of plan.3．How much will a couple pay for a trip in March, 2026 at least?A．$ 20,590.B．$ 15,790.C．$ 8,295.D．$ 7,495.We’ve all been there: lying in bed wide awake and desperately wondering how to get to dreamland. While having trouble drifting off to sleep isn’t unusual, it still can be frustrating. Fortunately sleep experts are gaining an increasingly strong understanding of what’s happening in the brain during the process.Falling asleep is a big shift for your brain. This switch is governed in part by environmental cues, such as light or temperature. A hot summer night or a bright streetlamp beside the window can interfere (干扰).The process of nodding off can also be affected by your emotions. “You need to feel both physically and psychologically safe to sleep,” says Roxanne Prichard, a neuroscientist at the University of St. Thomas, Minnesota. “If you are sleeping next to someone you don’t trust, if you’re worried that the newborn that you’re caring for might stop breathing, it’s going to be hard to fall asleep.”One of the recommendations to address insomnia is getting out of bed and sitting somewhere quietly with dull light and just relaxing, doing something boring. You could use the time to read, listen to calming music, or do breathing exercises — anything that slows and comforts your body and mind. But avoid snacking, exercise and screens.It’s also important to resist the urge to concentrate on your worries, especially in the middle of the night. Not only will those thoughts keep you awake, you also probably won’t make much progress on what’s keeping you up because your prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮质), a part of the brain that is good at planning and analysis, doesn’t function well for the poor blood supply at night.Keep it in mind that even if your night’s rest is incomplete, avoid the urge to make up for it by sleeping in or napping the next day. “If you nap during the day, especially longer naps, then your brain gets few signals of sleep and will be less likely to fall asleep quickly at bedtime,” says Prichard. If losing sleep interferes with your ability to function during the day, which could indicate something physiological is at play, seeing a doctor would be necessary.4．Which of the following is most likely to cause trouble in sleep?A．A slow soft tune.B．A dull streetlamp.C．A cool summer night.D．A two-day-old baby.5．Why is it hard to make much progress on the concerns in the middle of the night?A．The resistance may make people worried.B．The brain can’t plan and analyze problems.C．The prefrontal cortex works less efficiently.D．The problems may keep people awake. 6．What’s Prichard’s attitude towards naps in the day for night’s incomplete rest?A．Opposed.B．Ambiguous.C．Supportive.D．Neutral. 7．What’s the author’s purpose in writing this passage?A．To highlight the negative effects of sleep loss.B．To illustrate the process of falling asleep in the brain.C．To explain the causes of poor sleep and offer solutions.D．To discuss the importance of a good sleep environment.While there are several easy ways to help protect yourself against mosquito-borne diseases, there’s another solution that sounds appealing: What if we could just make all the mosquitoes disappear?Plenty of research has revealed food webs of bigger mammals, such as lions or leopards. And for good reason — they’re much easier to observe than tiny mosquitoes, which often breed in pools of water. Mosquitoes of all ages and sexes serve as a food source for all kinds of creatures, such as fish, turtles, migratory songbirds, and bats. Moreover, males in many mosquito species eat only nectar (花蜜), making some species major pollinators (传粉者) of plants such as some crops and flowers.Perhaps more than any other animal, bats are often regarded as being the mosquito’s greatest threat. Surely removing all the mosquitoes would affect bats more than most? Not so, saysWinifred Frick, a bat biologist at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Most bats actually eat whatever they can catch — mosquitoes, beetles, or otherwise. “There aren’t any bat species that specialize specifically on mosquitoes,” says Frick. In fact, some mosquito species are most active during the day, meaning bats would have very few opportunities to feed on them at all.The disappearance of mosquitoes would have massive consequences for global health, however. In all, mosquitoes account for more than 700,000 human deaths each year. Mosquitoes are the primary cause for malaria. But we might not need to wipe out mosquitoes to turn around the situation. In recent years, researchers have made promising breakthroughs in preventing disease spreading by infecting mosquitoes with parasitic (寄生的) bacteria, which can make mosquitoes less harmful to other creatures.And it’s important to remember that not all mosquito species are responsible for the destructive diseases. In fact, many want nothing to do with us. “There are some species that live in wetlands that will feed mainly on frogs and other amphibians,” says Michael Hutchinson, a professor in insect research. There are also mosquito species not known to be bloodsuckers. In fact, they actually hunt other mosquitoes during their early stage.8．What’s the function of the question in the first paragraph?A．To raise doubts about the new appealing way.B．To arouse further thinking and introduce the topic.C．To encourage readers to give specific answers.D．To inform readers of mosquitoes’ disappearance.9．What statement may Frick agree with?A．Bats take mosquitoes as the greatest threat when hunting.B．Bats need to seek new habitats when mosquitoes are gone.C．Bats may not be severely impacted without mosquitoes.D．Bats will face extinction owing to the lack of mosquitoes.10．What does the underlined phrase “turn around” mean in Paragraph 4?A．Develop rapidly.B．Maintain properly.C．Reduce greatly.D．Improve gradually.11．What can be done to prevent mosquitoes spreading diseases according to the passage?A．Infecting other creatures with parasitic bacteria.B．Hunting mosquitoes which feed mostly on frogs.C．Applying bacteria to mosquitoes to reduce harm.D．Killing all mosquitoes responsible for the diseases.ChatGPT maker OpenAI from the United States stepped up the global artificial intelligence (AI) race when it published its text-to-video generation tool Sora, which is capable of generating complex scenes with a very high degree of accuracy, including multiple characters, specific types of movements, themes and backgrounds.This made Chinese people think about the gap in AI technology between China and America. An significant question was raised: Will AI become China’s new productive force?On Feb. 16, Zhou Hongyi, founder of cybersecurity firm 360 Security Technology, said Sora may bring a huge disruption (扰乱) to the advertising industry, movie trailers and the short-video industry; what’s more, the realization of generative AI may be shortened from 10 years to one or two years. “Although the development level of large-scale models in China seems to be close to GPT-3.5, there is still an 18-month gap compared to GPT-4.0. “Besides, the AI technology in America should still have secret development, whether it is GPT-5.0 or machine self-learning to generate content,” Zhou said, adding that it is worth paying attention to.However, China has a broader market for the application of AI technologies. Or, to put it simply, China needs to apply such technologies to real use, and develop them into productive forces, narrowing the gap between itself and the US.Jia Jiaya, founder of smart manufacturing (制造业) company SmartMore, told that GPT-4.0 is less efficient in the industrial sector and that’s where Chinese companies found opportunities. China is the only country now in the world that has developed all the industrial categories. China’s supply and industrial chains offer comprehensive services from raw material supply, component production, distribution, assembly, processing and logistics to final delivery to consumers. It means that any technology will have its best application prospect here in the Chinese market, and without application or commercial use, technology means zero.12．What does the underlined word “this” refer to in Paragraph 2?A．The appearance of advanced AI tool, Sora.B．The race of artificial intelligence.C．The generation of complex scenes.D．The high degree of operation accuracy.13．What can we learn about the AI development in the US from Paragraph 3?A．Sora may bring a huge disruption to local industries.B．Generative AI has already been put into practical use.C．The AI development in the US is 18 months ahead of China.D．Its development level may be beyond what the world knows.14．According to Jia Jiaya, why can China find opportunities in the industrial sector?A．China’s AI technology is more advanced than America.B．China can offer the most promising application future.C．China has applied AI technologies to all industrial categories.D．China possesses the largest group of consumers in the world.15．What is the best title for the passage?A．AI: China’s New Productive Force B．Sora: A New Step for the WorldC．Manufacturing: A New World for AI D．ChatGPT-4.0: A Gap Between China and AmericaIt can be challenging to force yourself to start a bunch of productive habits out of nowhere. Luckily, with a few minor changes, anyone can set the stage for success. 16 . With the right attitude and a little effort, you’ll be crossing tasks off of your to-do list faster than you can write them out!Use a daily planner17 . Being productive has more to do with organization than effort, so put 5-10 minutes aside every night (or morning) to map out how you’re going to spend the day ahead ofplete important tasks before lunchMost people are more productive in the morning, so do key tasks early. If you want to pitch a new service to a few important clients, make those calls before noon. If you’re struggling to maintain your energy later in the day and you aren’t at work, take a short rest. 18 .Declutter your home or workspaceA clean desk and an organized home will help you stay focused. 19 . At the end of each day, spend a few minutes throwing out the trash, putting things away, and organizing your workspace or home to get rid of clutter. 20It’s hard to be productive if you think you’re doing something pointless. Start pushingyourself to find the significance in every single thing you do before you start. If you walk around all day feeling like you’re wasting your time, you’re never going to get anything done!A．Find the value in the boring stuffB．Reward yourself for building habitsC．Mapping your day out will keep you focused on what’s importantD．All it takes is a little bit of preparation and a healthy dose of positive thinkingE．A 20-minute nap is a great way to put yourself back into a productive headspaceF．It may be hard to push through that first week if you aren’t used to doing something G．Chaos has a way of drawing your attention away from whatever task you’ re trying to do二、完形填空When informed that I was to stay in the hospital for a few days for treatment, I never expected it would be such a wonderful experience.A young doctor friend 21 me after his long day, remembering that I had mentioned consistent stomach pain. When he learned I had taken pain killers without being to a 22 , he insisted that my stomach pains be taken seriously. I was 23 to the hospital by him immediately. He accompanied me in the emergency room, and said all the right things to get me through the process 24 . I only got him to 25 me until midnight when my daughters came. I am forever 26 . Two hours later, I was told I was to be 27 .I enjoyed all the unaccustomed 28 . Dear friends came to visit, and all my kids came. Nurses and doctors were particularly attentive, though I would never dream of 29 others. Messages of love and concern filled my phone. Between treatments, I 30 with other patients, and got interviewed by a delightful student nurse, doing a paper. What fun! My story would be included in her 31 !I realized how many people 32 . I am overwhelmed with gratitude for the outpouring of love, the messages and visits and continued support. This experience serves as a 33 , making me aware of the wonderful people whose love gives me 34 and who fill my life with joy. And finally, stay well and please, do not 35 a consistent stomachache!21．A．checked up on B．worked in with C．closed in on D．looked up to 22．A．relative B．nurse C．patient D．doctor 23．A．called B．rushed C．pushed D．moved 24．A．efficiently B．suddenly C．officially D．deliberately 25．A．send B．greet C．admire D．leave 26．A．satisfied B．devoted C．indebted D．amused 27．A．compared B．admitted C．deserted D．cheated 28．A．conclusion B．attention C．excitement D．silence 29．A．understanding B．ordering C．bothering D．cheering 30．A．socialized B．agreed C．competed D．reasoned 31．A．acts B．duties C．studies D．tricks 32．A．cared B．suffered C．aged D．matured 33．A．task B．message C．routine D．reminder 34．A．wealth B．value C．strength D．respect 35．A．notice B．overcome C．reserve D．ignore三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
【高三数学试题】高三数学试题1(理科)及参考答案
高三数学试题1(理科)一、选择题1、设集合{1,2}A =,则满足{1,2,3}A B ⋃=的集合B 的个数是（ ）A ．1B ．3C ．4D ．82、若集合{|3},{|33}xM y y P x y x ====-，则M P I =（ ） A {|1}x x > B {|1}y y ≥ C {|0}y y > D {|0}x x ≥3、已知命题p ：若,022=+y x 则x 、y 全为0；命题q ：若a b >，则11a b <．给出下列四个命题：①p 且q ，②p 或q ，③p 的逆否命题，④ q ⌝，其中真命题的个数为（ ）()A 1()B 2 ()C 3 ()D 44．集合{}22M x x =-≤≤，{}02N y y =≤≤，给出下列四个图形，其中能表示以M 为定义域，N 为值域的函数关系的是（ ）.5、已知集合A ＝{(x ，y)|32y x --=1，x ，y ∈R}，B={(x ，y)|y=ax+2，x ，y ∈R}，若A ⋂B ＝∅，则a 的值为（ ）A ．a ＝1或a ＝32B ．ａ＝１或a ＝12 C ．a ＝2或a ＝3 D ．以上都不对 6、若函数)(212)(为常数a k k x f xx⋅+-=在定义域上为奇函数，则的值为k （ ）A ． 1 B. 1- C. 1± D. 07、若函数()(2)()[1,1]()||,()f x f x f x x f x x y f x +=∈-==满足且时则函数的图象与 函数||log 3x y =的图像的交点个数是（ ）A ．2B ．3C ．4D ．多于4x y 0-2 2x y 0 -2 22 xy 0 -2 22 xy 0 -2 2 2A. B. C . D.8、已知函数2()24(03),f x ax ax a =++<<若1212,1,x x x x a <+=-则（ ）A ．12()()f x f x >B ．12()()f x f x <C ．12()()f x f x = D ．1()f x 与2()f x 的大小不能确定二、填空题9、设,0.(),0.x e x g x lnx x ⎧≤=⎨>⎩则1[()]2g g =__________．10．已知函数22(),1x f x x R x =∈+，则1()()f x f x += ；11、设0)1)((:;1|34:|≤---≤-a x a x q x p ，若p 是q 的充分不必要条件，则实数a 的取值范围是 .12、若某学校要从5名男生和2名女生中选出3人作为上海世博会的志愿者，则选出的志愿者中男女生均不少于1名的概率是 （结果用最简分数表示）。
语文丨2023届高三第一学期期末考试语文试卷及答案
保密★启用前2022——2023学年度第一学期期末考试高三语文试题2023.01注意事项：1.本试卷满分150分，考试时间150分钟。
2.答题前，考生务必将姓名、班级等个人信息填写在答题卡指定位置。
3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。
选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答。
超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。
一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读I（本题共5小题，17分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～5题。
材料一：中国现当代文论与西方文论关系的密切程度明显要高于其与中国古代文论的关系。
在这一事实前提下解决现当代文论“失语”的问题，首先要厘清现当代文论的产生背景，客观审视其与西方文论的关系。
尽管多数学者都认同中国现当代文论的产生，一方面源于整理国故的内在驱动，一方面来自西方文学经验的异域激荡。
但平心而论，在近现代文学变革之际，西方文论对中国文论的影响是压倒性的。
而其后的半个世纪里，苏联的文学理论又对于中国现当代文论的发展产生了决定性的影响。
进入20世纪80年代中期，西方世界的诸种文学理论纷至沓来。
一时间，中国文学批评领域俨然成为这些理论的试验场。
实际上，每种理论都有其产生的背景、适用的范围以及存在的局限，不可能直接采取“拿来主义”，包打一切。
因此，这期间的新潮迭起虽然声势浩大，但是对于中国现当代文论的建设而言，却是丧失了一段自主发展和民族化转型的宝贵时间。
学界常言的中国文论“失语症”，原意是指中国现当代文论至今没有一套自主自足的理论体系，并非指称古代文论在当下的失语状态。
毕竟，古代文论的批评对象终究是古典文学作品和文学现象，不可能完全适用于现代白话文作品，其中“虚实”等具有生命力的概念、范畴或命题自然会存活在当下的文论话语之中，而那些伴随时代变迁已经走入历史的理论和概念也没有激活的必要。
天一小高考2024-2025学年高三上学期第一次考试语文试卷及答案
天一小高考2024—2025学年(上)高三第一次考试语文试题一、现代文阅读(35 分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5 小题，19分)阅读下面的文字，完成1~5题。
材料一：“木削展览碍不着我，我的领域是文艺”，这话讲不通。
一个想养成品味的人不但要无成见地亲近一切伟大著作，还要去欣赏一切其他艺术，因为艺术本是相遇的。
贝多芬的《第先文响曲》并不和斯文朋的诗两样，明白中国绘画的人去了解印象派的作品容易多了虽然各门艺术在形式上的表现方法不同，最终的求“美”企图却是一致的。
在没有新式剧院的中国，想明白舞台剧艺术的人连好电影也不可不看的。
因为这些都能帮助你把捉一个不易把捉的东西——什么是关.怎样才是艺术。
为什么一个曾欣赏了许多伟大作品的人，有时看到了像《埃及皇后与安托尼)一类历史剧时仍不能产生满意的反应呢? 因为他缺乏《罗马史》的知识，因而历史的想象也薄弱。
所以有了高尚的品味还须取得辅佐那品味的知识。
当然，一个批评光学的人须懂得物理。
但即使批评并没有那么明显知识的书时——像小说，知识也还是需要的。
对于“五四”以来中国新文学的演化毫无历史观念的人哪里配安排作品的位置！而批评的工作一部分即在安排。
(子夜)在茅盾创作过程上及在新文学史上的地位是怎样呢? 对于世界的文艺史也不可马虎的，因为在这世纪里，“中外”已成了休戚相关的一体了。
一个不以专门著作为对象的书评家所应具备的只是“各科常识”，一个坚实的文化背景为书评家及一切新时代公民的随身宝。
与其说得懂这些书，毋宁说得懂生活中的人情道理。
就算不做书评家、你可以忽略国际联盟的现状或人类行为规律吗? 总之，只在书中耕耘是不妥的。
一个理想的书评家要具有足用的知识和品味的背景，对于实际生活又怀有莫大兴趣。
历史沿革对于他来说不生疏，而拾起每本书来，他仍能保持涉猎的好奇心，发现它自身的价值。
(摘编自萧乾《知识与品味》)材料二：为了丰富通感，是不是应当尽可能广泛地接触各种艺术?要培养与扩大艺术通感能力，就要在审美活动中执着、用心。
2023届湖南省株洲市高三教学质量统一检测(一)语文试题
株洲市2023届高三年级教学质量统一检测（一）语文满分150分。
考试用时150分钟。
注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卞上对应的答题区域内。
写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读I（本题共5小题，17分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~5题。
材料一：博物馆和美术馆在结构转型的社会，它的一个重要目标是迈向真正的公共性。
首先，应该凸现美术馆在公共文化生活中的教育功能和知识传播功能。
欧洲的近代博物馆是收藏的产物，美国博物馆最初是仿效欧洲博物馆建立起来的，但很快便形成了自己的特色并创造了诸多"世界之最"。
不难发现，美国博物馆的这些“世界之最”都与教育有关。
而且号称“世界最大的博物馆系统”的史密森尼研究院国立博物馆群在国际互联网上统一以“edu”（教育）为后级。
美国长期以来十分重视艺术教育。
不仅如此，美国的绝大部分博物馆和美术馆都有着力量强大的教育部门。
这些教育部门除了拥有困定的有着高学历的教育及艺术史论背景的教育人员，同时还拥有庞大的义工团队。
教育部门的导赏员会针对不同的人群和对象运用不同的作品阐释及解说方法。
除此之外，博物馆和美术馆还积极与学校、社区合作，构建一些美术教育课程，提供相应的体验场所和学习空间。
事实上，当代美国博物馆不仅是收藏中心，也是文化中心、教育中心、学术中心，还是休闲中心和娱乐中心。
《华盛倾邮报》称：当代美国的博物馆已经成为"新的城市广场"，举办从爵士音乐会到教育研讨会的各种活动，没有任何别的场所能像今天的博物馆一样把各种不同的人聚集到一起。
追博物馆成为华盛顿居民的一大休闲习惯，每到节假日，国会山附近的各大博物馆游人如织，热闹非凡。
遵义市2023届高三年级第一次统一考试英语试题
遵义市2023届高三年级第一次统一考试英语（总分120分，考试时间100分钟）注意事项：1．本试卷分第1卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。
2．答卷前，考生务必将自己的学校、姓名、班级、考号等信息填写清楚，并在规定位置贴好条形码。
3．答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
4．答非选择题时，必须使用黑色签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定位置上，否则作答无效，考试结束时，只交答题卡。
第1卷第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AAsia is the birthplace of the world's three ancient civilizations: ancient China, ancient India and Babylon.Each gave the world different architectural styles and global landmarks.The Great Wall of ChinaThe Great Wall of China is an ancient defense project with the longest construction time and the largest workload put into a landmark, stretching out to a total length of more than 50,000 kilometers. Only when you have been to the Great Wall and witnessed its majesty can you truly say you have visited China.Angkor Wat, CambodiaThe Angkor Wat in Cambodia is one of the largest religious monuments in the world, built on a site measuring 162.6 hectares. It was built by the Khmer King Suryavarman II in the early 12th century in Yasodharapura, the capital of the Khmer Empire, as his state temple and eventual mausoleum.Taj Mahal,IndiaThe Taj Mahal is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the river Yamuna in the Indian city of Agra. It was commissioned in 1632 by Mughal emperor Shah to house the tomb of his favorite wife,Mumtaz Mahal.The Taj Mahal was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 for being “the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage".The Borobudur,IndonesiaThe Borobudur is a ninth-century Mahayana Buddhist temple in Magelang Regency,not far from the town of Muntilan, in Central Java, Indonesia. It is the world's largest Buddhist temple.Evidence suggests that Borobudur was constructed in the ninth century.1. Which of the following was built to protect its country?A.Angkor Wat.B.Taj Mahal.C.The Borobudur.D.The Great Wall.2.What can we learn about Taj Mahal?A.It was built near a river.C.It was completed in 1632.B. It was a mausoleum for Shah.D.It was the jewel of Buddhist art.3. In which section of a newspaper can you read this passage?A.Culture.cation.C.Politics.D.Entertainment.BWith 48 impressionism works exhibited in his solo show in Yangon recently, Bhone Myat San,a 13-year-old boy,has stepped into a professional career in Myanmar.When his mother was transferred to Dawei in 2020,he accompanied her and later joined a portrait painting class taught by senior artists at the campus of Dawei University.Bhone Myat San says he has been studying painting through online courses while staying at home during the pandemic.He also joined a five-month online class about oil painting conducted by an artist in Myanmar last year.“I envy impressionists like Monet,”says Bhone Myat San,a seventh grader,while putting finishing touches on an oil painting titled Bagan's Tharabar Gate.When his works were checked for exhibition,Khey Mar Shin,the owner of the Artist Gallery Cafe who's an artist herself,noticed that he is talented. “He is the youngest artist to have hosted a solo show in my gallery.The event was successful,”the 42-year-old artist says, adding that she also saw that the 13-year-old boy's passion for arts was higher than his peers and even stronger than some senior artists.Ma Pale,38,says she brought her two children to the art show so that her children can get inspiration from him.Aung Hein Tun,25,an art enthusiast who visited the event,says the young artist's paintings are lively, and his painting skill as a 13-year-old is admirable. “I had no intention to collect paintings,but I bought one after enjoying his arts,” Aung Hein Tun says.“Consistency is the key to success,” the young artist says. “I want to attend a foreign language university in Myanmar because I have a dream of studying arts abroad," he adds.4. How did Bhone Myat San learn to paint?A.Through teaching himself.C.With the help of his mom.B.By learning from artists.D.Under the guidance of Monet.5. What was Khey Mar Shin's attitude to Bhone Myat San?A.Skeptical.B.Critical.C.Favorable.D.Uncaring.6.Which of the following statementsis true about Bhone?A.He is the youngest artist to have hosted a solo show in Myanmar.B.He believes talent is the most important thing for achieving success.C.His works of art were much admired and displayed by Aung Hein Tun.D. His paintings may be a source of inspiration to Ma Pale's two children.7.Which can be a suitable title for the text?A.A Young Inspiring Artist.C.A Boy's Passion for Art.B.A Road to Success.D.A Successful Exhibition. CThe world is full of tea drinkers.For many,they simply enjoy the taste.But new research suggests tea might help those who drink it live longer than those who do not. Tea is known to contain helpful substances known to reduce inflammation, a condition in which a part of the body becomes red,sore and swollen because of infection or injury. Past studies have suggested several health benefits.Now, scientists say black tea may show similar benefits.Scientists from the United States National Cancer Institute carried out the study.They examined data gathered about the tea drinking behavior of almost 500,000 adults in Britain for as many as 14 years.The researchers adjusted for risks that individual may have related to health,living conditions, diet and lifestyle choices,as well as age,race and gender.The study found that high tea intake was linked to a moderate benefit: a 9 to 13 percent lower risk of death from any cause than non-tea drinkers.The scientists say the lowered risk of death held true for study subjects with heart disease.However, researchers said there was noclear finding in connection with deaths from cancer.Researchers were not sure why.But it is possible there were too few confirmed cancer deaths to measure,said Maki,who led the study.All kinds of tea-green,black,oolong,and white-are produced from the Camellia sinensis plant using different methods. Tea contains various elements，including polyphenols（多酚）.Experts say polyphenols are thought to be responsible for the health benefits that have traditionally been linked to tea,especially green tea.Green tea is reported to improve mental ability, ease digestive problems and head pain,and help people with weight loss. Green tea has also been studied for possible protective effects against heart disease and cancer.The study of British tea drinkers was based on observing people's behaviors and health.This kind of methodology cannot prove cause and effect.8.What does “inflammation" underlined in Paragraph 1 refer to?A.Food intake. C.A kind of flavor.B.Security risk.D.A kind of symptom.9.How did the United States National Cancer Institute conduct the study?A. By examining data collected from tea drinkers.B. By analyzing the effects of all kinds of tea.C. By observing people of all ages across the US.D.By comparing subjects with different diseases.10. What can we learn from Paragraph 4?A.People produce tea using the same method.B.All kinds of tea can help people lose weight.C.Polyphenols are important elements good for health.D.Green tea can be used to treat heart disease and cancer.11.What is the purpose of this passage?A.To persuade people to drink more tea.B. To inform the benefits of drinking tea.C.To explain why drinking tea is popular.D.Tostress the advantages of green tea.DEarth Day is April 22.Every year,people around the world observe the day by helping to care for the environment. They carry out all kinds of activities in an effort to better the planet's health. One way to support this goal is to grow plants native to your area.This helps wildlife like birds and insects that evolved alongside native plants. For many of these animals, plant pollen is their food.Native pollinators（传粉者）often cannot recognize non-native plants as food. This means they do not collect the pollen or spread plants' seeds.Planting non-native species creates so-called "food deserts" for pollinators including bees,birds, bats,butterflies and more. Doug Tallamy is a professor of entomology at the University of Delaware. Entomology is the study of insects. He found that non-native plant species can harm the natural food chain,which can lead to a collapse of the environment. “Plant choice matters," he said. “The plants we choose to landscape our properties with should be determined by how much life can live there.”Humans depend strongly on insects. Without them, we would have no flowering plants,which would harm the food web that supports important animals.Birds,for example, depend on plants for food and spread their seeds while keeping the populations of harmful insects down. Insects support plants that provide oxygen,clean our water,capture carbon and add nutrients to the soil. That builds topsoil and prevents flooding.Without insects, the biosphere-the living parts of the Earth-would rot because of the loss of insect decomposers（分解者）.Humans simply could not survive that，Tallamy said.In addition to providing food and habitat for insects and other wildlife, native plants are able to grow easily and do not require much care.That means less watering and less fertilizing.The situation is a win-win for gardeners and pollinators.12. Which of the following can benefit from native plants directly?A.Seeds.C.Humans.B.The earth.D.Birds and insects.13. Why are non-native plants harmful to the environment?A.They make it a desert.B.They pollute the topsoil.C.They damage the food chain.D.They destroy the native habitat.14. Who might be the intended readers of the passage?A.Professors.B.Gardeners.C.Scientists.D.Zoologists.15. What is the text mainly about?A The effects of native insects.B.The ways to observe Earth Day.C.The reasons for planting native species.D.The approaches to growing native plants.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
河南省南阳市第一中学2023届高三8月第一次阶段考试历史试题(原卷版)
南阳一中2023届高三第一次阶段性考试历史试题一、选择题（每题1.5分，共60分）1. 公元前5世纪后期，在古希腊戏剧家阿里斯托芬的笔下，雅典某将军在试图劝服一个卖香肠的人去夺取民主派领袖的职位时说：“你已经具备一切应有的条件：卑贱的出身，受过在市场中买卖的锻炼，蛮横无理。
”这折射出古代雅典（）A. 城邦民主排斥贵族阶层B. 直接民主存在非理性的一面C. 工商业者社会地位较高D. 道德沦丧导致戏剧创作衰落2. 伯利克里在担任雅典首席将军期间，向担任公职和参加政治活动的公民发放工资，同时又增加了富裕公民承担公共捐献的义务，诸如战船捐、使团捐及合唱捐等。
这种政策（）A. 使得雅典民主政治确立起来B. 致力于防范富人垄断政治权力C. 推动了雅典民主政治的发展D. 着眼于缩小公民间的贫富差距3. 苏格拉底主张“凡属希腊国民应注意健身之道，以应付国家需要，以保民卫国为天职。
”亚里士多德不仅亲身参加体育实践，而且在《国家论》中提出体育、德育和智育应相互联系，智力的健全依赖于身体的健全，体育可以先于智育。
他们共同出发点是A. 提升公民身体素质B. 革除直接民主的弊端C. 增强城邦公民素养D. 保障体育竞技的胜利4. 雅典法律规定，“凡年过三十岁、不欠国家债务且未曾失去公民权者，皆有资格担任陪审员一职”，但预备的陪审员要经过抽签才能参加民众法庭的审判，听取法庭辩论并进行投票。
这一规定（）A. 突显陪审制度瓦解贵族政治特权B. 旨在培养雅典公民的城邦意识C. 确保公民皆有权力参与司法审判D. 体现了雅典民主政治的公平性5. 据记载，雅典在伯利克里时期，其公民人数从三万人降至二万一千人。
罗马的公民人数在公元前6世纪不过八万三千人，而到公元前319年时，公民人数已达到二十五万人。
这主要说明（）A. 人口数量关系国家兴衰B. 古雅典比罗马更加理性C. 古罗马比雅典更加民主D. 政治实践影响国家发展6. 《十二铜表法》第二表第三条规定：“证人无法到场的，召唤者应每三日在证人的门前高声呼唤。
2023届广东省茂名市高三第一次综合考试生物试题(含答案解析)
①增加了生物变异的多样性 ②生态系统具有了更复杂的结构③出现了新的生殖方式--
有性生殖 ④出现了新的变异方式--基因突变
A．①
B．①②
C．①②③
D．①②③④
5．下列关于高中生物学实验探究活动的叙述。错误的是（ ）
A．鲁宾等用同位素示踪法研究了光合作用中氧气的来源
B．梅塞尔查等用同位素标记技术证明了 DNA 的半保留复制
二、实验题 17．温室效应引起的气候变化对植物的生长发育会产生显著影响，研究人员以大亚花生 和棉花作为实验材料，分别进行三种处理(其他条件均相同且适宜):甲组提供 m 浓度(大 气浓度)的 CO2；乙组提供 2m(浓度加倍)浓度的 CO2 丙组先在 2m 浓度下培养 60 天，再 转至 m 浓度下培养 7 天。然后测定光合作用速率，其相对值(μmol·m-2·s-1)如下表所示:
2023 届广东省茂名市高三第一次综合考试生物试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
Байду номын сангаас
一、单选题 1．多糖、蛋白质、核酸等生物大分子是由许多单体连接而成的多聚体，下列叙述错误
的是（ ）
A．单体连接成多聚体都需要消耗 ATP
B．有的多聚体在细胞之间起传递信息作用
试卷第 4页，共 9页
A．26S 蛋白酶体与溶酶体均具有维持细胞内稳态的作用 B．盐胁迫和细胞分裂素对植物生长的调节作用是协同的 C．MPK3/6 突变体对盐胁迫的耐受能力将大大低于野生型 D．植物激素和环境形成的复杂网络共同调控植物生命活动 15．某海洋生态系统的能量金字塔如图 1.其中 1、II、II、IV 分别代表不同的营养级， E1、E2 代表能量的形式，某森林生态系统食物网的图解如图 2。据图分析能得出的结论 正确的是（ ）
江苏省扬州中学2023—2024学年度第一学期开学考试高三语文试题及答案
江苏省扬州中学2023—2024学年度第一学期开学考试高三语文一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读I（本题共5小题，17分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-5小题。
材料一：仅仅凭历史学家在研究工作中离不开时间这一事实，还不足以断言历史学就是时间的科学。
只有当我们认识到，不论在历史学者身上，还是在历史研究的对象、方法和手段上，时间在历史研究过程中无处不在的时候，历史学才真正称得上是时间的科学。
社会中的任何存在都是历史性的存在，这为历史研究规定了时间界限。
历史学研究人类文明的演变，文明有起源，仅就此而言，历史必然有一个时间上的开端。
同时，自有人类以来，世界上有无数的文明起起落落，英国著名历史学家汤因比列举了21个具有文明发展过程的社会，而在他那个时代，已知的原始社会的数量已经超过了650个。
因此，凡历史性的存在，都有一个时间的终点。
不论是文明，还是更加具体的历史事件和进程，在时间上都有开端和终结，在这个意义上，历史就意味着时间。
所以，历史年代学就成为历史研究中一个很重要的辅助学科，它的作用就是把历史事件根据一定的时间顺序排列起来。
目前流行的公元纪年方法，是在中世纪到近代初期逐渐地创立、完善和推广的。
有了这样一种方法，历史上所发生的事件都可以井井有条地被安放在这条可以向前和向后无限伸展的时间之线上。
而且，世界上不同地方在其曾经使用过的各种纪年法上的历史事件，都可以转换到这一线性的时序中。
这种以数字标记的线性时间，看起来客观、中性，其实不然。
虽然每个以数字表现出来的年代，原本并没有什么意义，但是，当历史学家在这些年代上开始编排历史事件的时候，这些年代就被赋予一定的意义。
例如，476年，是西罗马帝国灭亡之年，这在西方的历史上具有特殊的意义；1492年，哥伦布到达美洲，这一年被认为对近代历史发展有深远意义。
这种被赋予了重要意义的年代，在漫长的人类历史上几乎到处存在。
历史学家对历史事件的选择和倾向性，使一些数字化的时间具有非同寻常的意义。
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高三考试试题本题共8小题，每小题6分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14~18题只有一项符合题目要求，第19~21题有多项符合题目要求。
全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。
14如图所示为氢原子能级的示意图，下列有关说法正确的是（）A．处于基态的氢原子吸收10.5eV的光子后能跃迁至，n＝2能级B．大量处于n＝4能级的氢原子向低能级跃迁时，最多可辐射出3种不同频率的光C．若用从n＝3能级跃迁到n＝2能级辐射出的光，照射某金属时恰好发生光电效应，则用从n＝4能级跃迁到n＝3能级辐射出的光，照射该金属时一定能发生光电效应D．用n＝4能级跃迁到n＝1能级辐射出的光，照射逸出功为6.34 eV的金属铂产生的光电子的最大初动能为6.41eV15 如图，两根相互平行的长直导线分别通有方向相反的电流I1和I2，且I1>I2；a、b、c、d为导线某一横截面所在平面内的四点，且a、b、c与两导线共面；b点在两导线之间，b、d的连线与导线所在平面垂直．磁感应强度可能为零的点是（）A．a点B．b点C．c点D．d点16如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如n1如n2如2如1如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如R如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如I如如如如如如如如如如m如如如如如如v如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如如（）A ．4mgv IR I +B ．mgv IC ．4IRD ．14mgv IR I + 17如图，光滑水平面上放着长木板B ，质量m ＝2kg 的木块A 以速度v 0＝2m/s 滑上原来静止的长木板B 的上表面，由于A 、B 之间存在有摩擦，之后，A 、B 的速度随时间变化情况如右图所示，重力加速度g ＝10m/s 2.则下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．A 、B 之间动摩擦因数为0.1B ．长木板的质量为1 kgC ．长木板长度至少为2mD ．A 、B 组成系统损失机械能为4J18 2019年12月17口是我国发射“悟空”探测卫星四周年的日子.“悟空”探测卫星的发射为人类对暗物质的研究,做出了重大贡献.假设两颗质量相等的星球绕其球心连线中心转动,理论计算的周期与实际观测周期有出入,且=(1)1T n n T >理论观测.科学家推测.在以两星球球心连线为直径的球体空间中均匀分布着暗物质,设两星球球心连线长度为L ,质量均为m ,据此推测,暗物质的质量为( )A ．(n -1)mB ．(2n -1)mC ．14n m - D ．28n m - 19两根相距为L 的足够长的金属直角导轨按如图所示放置，它们各有一部分在同一水平面内，另一部分垂直于水平面.质量均为m 的金属细棒ab、cd 与导轨垂直接触形成闭合回路，棒与导轨之间的动摩擦因数均为μ，导轨电阻不计，回路总电阻为2R .整个装置处于磁感应强度大小为B 、方向竖直向上的匀强磁场中.当ab 棒在平行于水平导轨的拉力F 作用下以速度v 1沿导轨匀速运动时，cd 棒也正好以速度v 2向下匀速运动.重力加速度为g.下列说法中正确的是 （ ）A ．ab 棒所受拉力F 的大小为2212B L v mg R μ+ B ．cd 棒所受摩擦力为零C ．回路中的电流为()122BL v v R +D ．μ与v 1大小的关系为2212Rmg B L v μ= 20如图所示，在倾角为30°的光滑斜面上，劲度系数为k 的轻质弹簧一端连接固定挡板C ，另一端连接质量为m 的物体A ，一轻质细绳通过定滑轮，一端系在物体A 上，另一端与质量也为m 的物体B 相连，细绳与斜面平行，斜面足够长，用手托住物体B 使细绳刚好没有拉力，然后由静止释放物体B(运动过程中物体B 未落地)，则：A ．物体B 运动到最低点时，细绳上的拉力为mgB ．弹簧恢复原长时，细绳上的拉力为34mg C ．物体A 沿斜面向上运动的最大速度为2mg kD ．物体A 沿斜面向上运动的最大速度为22mg k21 如图所示，纸面为竖直面，MN 为竖直线段，MN 之间的距离为h ，空间存在平行于纸面的足够宽广的匀强电场，其大小和方向未知，图中未画出，重力加速度为g ，一质量为m 的带正电的小球从M 点在纸面内以02v gh = 的速度水平向左开始运动，以后恰好以大小为22v gh = 的速度通过N 点，对于小球从M 到N 的过程，下列说法中正确的是（ ） A. 电场力对小球做正功2mghB. 该过程经历的时间为2h gC. 小球所受电场力的大小为4mgD. 该过程中小球离竖直线MN 的最远距离为3h非选择题：共174分，第22~32题为必考题，每个试题考生都必须作答。
第33~38题为选考题，考生根据要求作答。
22(6分)某同学用探究动能定理的装置测滑块的质量M．如图甲所示，在水平气垫导轨上靠近定滑轮处固定一个光电门．让一带有遮光片的滑块自某一位置由静止释放，计时器可以显示出遮光片通过光电门的时间t(t非常小)，同时用米尺测出释放点到光电门的距离s如(1)该同学用螺旋测微器测出遮光片的宽度d，如图乙所示，则d如________ mm如(2)实验中多次改变释放点，测出多组数据，描点连线，做出的图像为一条倾斜直线，如图丙所示．图像的纵坐标s表示释放点到光电门的距离，则横坐标表示的是______如A如t B如t2C如1tD如21t(3)已知钩码的质量为m，图丙中图线的斜率为k，重力加速度为g．根据实验测得的数据，写出滑块质量的表达式M如____________________如(用字母表示)23（10分）⑴某实验小组为了测量某一电阻Rx的阻值，他们先用多用电表进行粗测，测量出Rx的阻值约为18Ω左右．为了进一步精确测量该电阻，实验台上有以下器材：A．电流表(量程15mA，内阻未知)B．电流表(量程0.6A，内阻未知)C．电阻箱(0～99.99Ω)D．电阻箱(0～999.9Ω)E.电源(电动势约3V，内阻约1Ω)F.单刀单掷开关2只G.导线若干甲同学设计了如图甲所示的实验原理图并连接好实验器材，按照如下步骤完成实验：a.先将电阻箱阻值调到最大，闭合S1，断开S2，调节电阻箱阻值，使电阻箱有合适的阻值R1，此时电流表指针有较大的偏转且示数为I；b.保持开关S1闭合，再闭合开关S2，调节电阻箱的阻值为R2，使电流表的示数仍为I．①根据实验步骤和实验器材规格可知，电流表应选择_______，电阻箱应选择_______（选填器材前的字母）②根据实验步骤可知，待测电阻Rx= ____________________（用步骤中所测得的物理量表示）．⑵同学乙认为该电路可以用来测电源的电动势、内阻．若已知所选电流表的内阻R A=2.0Ω，闭合开关S2，调节电阻箱R，读出多组电阻值R和电流I的数据；由实验数据绘出的1 I -R图象如图乙所示，由此可求得电源电动势E=________ V，内阻r= ____ Ω．(计算结果保留两位有效数字)24 （13分）总质量为80kg的跳伞运动员从离地500m的直升机上跳下，经过2s拉开绳索开启降落伞，如图所示是跳伞过程中的v-t图，试根据图象求：（g取10m/s2）（1）t＝1s时运动员的加速度和所受阻力的大小．（2）估算14s内运动员下落的高度及克服阻力做的功．（3）估算运动员从飞机上跳下到着地的总时间．25（18分）如图所示，在xOy坐标系中，在y < d的区域内分布有指向y轴正方向的匀强电场，在d < y <2d的区域内分布有垂直于xOy平面向里的匀强磁场，MN为电场和磁场的边界，在y = 2d处放置一垂直于y轴的足够大金属挡板，带电粒子打到板上即被吸收。
一质量为m、带电荷量为+ q的粒子以初速度v0由坐标原点O处沿x轴正方向射入电场，在边界上的P点进入磁场，P点坐标为（2d，d），不计粒子受到的重力：(1)求电场强度的大小E ；(2)若粒子垂直打在挡板上，求磁感应强度的大小B 0；(3)若使粒子通过x 轴上的Q （10d ，0）点，应将磁感应强度B 调节到多大。
33.[物理—选修3-3]（1）（5分）对于分子动理论和物体内能的理解，下列说法正确的是如 如A ．温度高的物体内能不一定大，但分子平均动能一定大B ．外界对物体做功，物体内能一定增加C ．悬浮颗粒越小布朗运动越显著，温度越高布朗运动越剧烈D ．当分子间作用力表现为斥力时，分子势能随分子间距离的减小而减小E.夏天荷叶上小水珠呈球状，是由于液体表面张力使其表面积具有收缩到最小趋势的缘故（2）（10分）如图所示，某同学设计了测量液体密度的装置．左侧容器开口；右管竖直，上端封闭，导热良好，管长L 0 = 1m ，粗细均匀，底部有细管与左侧连通，初始时未装液体．现向左侧容器缓慢注入某种液体，当左侧页面高度为h 1 = 0.7 m 时，右管内液柱高度h 2 = 0.2m ．已知右管横截面积远小于左侧横截面积，大气压强50 1.010Pa P =⨯，取210m/s g =．(i)求此时右管内气体压强及该液体的密度；(ii)若此时右管内气体温度T = 260 K ，再将右管内气体温度缓慢升高到多少K 时，刚好将右管中的液体全部挤出？（不计温度变化对液体密度的影响）34[物理—选修3-4]（1）图甲是用光的干涉法来检查物体平面平整程度的装置，其中A为标准平板，B为被检查其平面的物体，C为入射光，图乙和图丙分别为两次观察到的干涉条纹，下列说法正确的是。
A．入射光C应采用单色光B．图示条纹是由A的下表面反射光和B的上表面反射光发生干涉形成的C．当AB之间某处距离为入射光的半波长奇数倍时，对应条纹是暗条纹D．若所观察的条纹是图乙，被检查表面上有洞状凹陷E.若所观察的条纹是图丙，被检查表面上有沟状凹陷（2）振源处于x轴原点处，分别向x轴正向和负向形成两列简谐横波，在x轴上有两点P 和Q，它们的振动图像分别是图甲和图乙，它们间的距离为d =10m：（i）如果它们都在x轴的正半轴，求这列波的最大速度；（ii）如果P点在x轴的负半轴，坐标为（0，-E），Q点在x轴的正半轴，求这列波的可能速度（E为已知量）。