SAT语法讲义3(Subject-verb Agreement)
高中英语 2022届术科生英语课主谓一致(subject—verb agreement)
主谓一致导学案1.主谓二致是指句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上须保持一致。
2.英语中的主谓一致主要遵循(4 principles)意义一致原那么语法一致原那么就近原那么就远原那么一、导入Trump Card, (be) an indoor competition reality show launched by Zhejiang TV. Each episode (center) on a theme, inviting two teams to battle, of which the fixed captains(lead) several popular IP guests to PK. ShenTeng, a famous actor and director , (act) as the leader as well as a competitor of this show. All the team members(fight) for triumph through talent and game competition. The show is so popular that not only I but also my friends (like) it. The reason why the show has achieved such great success is that the team(have) entertained people with laughter . Thus, everybody thinks that the team(be) a wonderful one.一、四大原那么一)语法一致原那么：1. and连接的名词作主语1)指,不同的人或事，谓用复数Both Jia Ling and Guan Xiaotong(be) brilliant in the show.①Hua Chenyu and Guan Xiaotong(like) singing and dancing.2).指同一人或物时，谓用单数，and后名词前面没有冠词(如：a knife and fork； butter and bread)The actor and director often(amuse) people with unexpected behaviors.①The singer and the dancer always(give) us wonderful performance.Practice：①The singer and the composer(be) famous to many young people.② A poet and artist(be) invited to the show .③ A knife and fork(be) used for them to have meals.④ A young man and a girl(want) (o join them.⑤The singer and dancer(be) on the stage.2.each/neither/either+of + the+复数名词或代词在句中作主语时，谓语动词应该用;不定代词作主语时，(如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing 等)谓语动词用。
SAT语法要点(IE IS IP)
一、常考语法体系(挑错题 Identifying Sentence Errors)1.主谓一致(Subject verb agreement)。
尤其是用于倒装时，比如there be句型或地点状语至于句首的倒装情况，一定要找到真正的主语。
通常一套writing里总会有一个倒装句，并多为动词部分出错。
有插入语时，要勇敢的抛弃非中心部分，找到中心的主语。
主谓一致还会出现在一些固定用法中，但一般比较简单，比如a number of + noun(复) vs. the number of + noun(单), 面包黄油，刀叉等等。
就近原则：there be句型, not only..., but also...; neither..., nor...; either..., or...特殊名词：“人群牛群警察群”单数名词作复数。
(people, cattle, police) 文学性的总称都是不可数名词。
E.g. literature; poetry; prose.2.平行结构(parallel structure)。
注意and, or和but的用法。
As well as是用于连接两个并列的结构。
另外尤其注意，在比较结构中，中心一定是同类相比较。
A, B, and/or C形式的正确用法是，A, B, C可以是单词或短语，并且一定都是同一形式的，如都是名词，或都是动名词短语。
3.形容词副词(adjective & adverb)常考考点：形容词副词的混用及他们的比较级最高级。
Adj只可以修饰名词，adv则可修饰除名词外的大部分词。
er和more都可以表示比较级，但二者不可同时出现。
比较级和than要同存同亡（必须一起出现）。
另外，副词不可以连接两个并列的句子，例如whereby。
Tips: 形容词的应用范围不如副词广，通常比较容易是出错的地方。
4.逻辑主语(logic subject)当分词或者形容词放在句首，一定要考虑它的主语问题。
sat语法知识点总结
sat语法知识点总结IntroductionThe SAT is an important test for high school students planning to attend college. One of the sections of the SAT is the Writing and Language section, which tests students' understanding of grammar, style, and punctuation. In this section, students are required to identify errors, improve sentence structure, and revise passages to improve clarity and effectiveness. Therefore, it is crucial for students to have a strong grasp of grammar and syntax. In this article, we will provide an in-depth summary of the essential grammar rules and concepts that students should know for the SAT Writing and Language section.Subject-Verb AgreementOne of the fundamental principles of grammar is subject-verb agreement. This rule dictates that a singular subject should have a singular verb, and a plural subject should have a plural verb. For example, "The cat sits on the mat" uses a singular verb "sits" to agree with the singular subject "cat." On the other hand, "The cats sit on the mat" uses a plural verb "sit" to agree with the plural subject "cats."However, subject-verb agreement can become tricky when dealing with compound subjects and collective nouns. In the case of compound subjects joined by "and," the verb should be plural. For example, "Mary and John are going to the party." However, if the compound subject refers to a single entity or idea, the verb should be singular. For instance, "Bread and butter is my favorite snack."Additionally, collective nouns, which refer to a group of people or things as a single entity, can be singular or plural depending on the context. For example, "The team is practicing for the game" treats the team as a single unit, so the verb is singular. Conversely, "The team are arguing among themselves" treats the team as individuals, so the verb is plural.Pronoun-Antecedent AgreementAnother important concept in grammar is pronoun-antecedent agreement. A pronoun must agree in number, gender, and person with its antecedent, the word to which the pronoun refers. For example, "The student handed in her assignment" uses the feminine pronoun "her" to agree with the feminine antecedent "student."When dealing with indefinite pronouns such as "everyone," "anyone," and "someone," it is essential to remember that they are singular and should take singular pronouns. For instance, "Everyone should do his or her best" uses the singular pronouns "his or her" to agree with the singular indefinite pronoun "everyone."However, some indefinite pronouns, such as "both," "few," and "several," are plural and should take plural pronouns. For example, "Both of the girls received their awards" uses the plural pronoun "their" to agree with the plural indefinite pronoun "both."ModifiersModifiers are words or phrases that provide additional information about another element in the sentence. It is crucial to place modifiers close to the word they modify to avoid confusion or ambiguity. For example, "I only have three cookies" suggests that the speaker possesses nothing except three cookies, whereas "I have only three cookies" indicates the speaker's possession of three, and only three, cookies.Furthermore, dangling modifiers occur when the word or phrase a modifier should logically describe is missing from the sentence. For instance, "Running down the street, the mailbox was knocked over" suggests that the mailbox was running, which is illogical. To fix this, the sentence can be revised to "Running down the street, he knocked over the mailbox," where the subject of the modifier is clear.ParallelismParallelism refers to the use of grammatically similar elements to create balance and rhythm in a sentence. In lists or series of items, each item should be in the same grammatical form. For example, "She likes hiking, swimming, and to ride a bike" is not parallel, as "to ride a bike" should be "riding a bike" to match the other items in the list. The corrected sentence is "She likes hiking, swimming, and riding a bike."Moreover, parallel structure should be maintained in comparisons. For instance, "She is more talented, smarter, and has a better attitude" lacks parallel structure, as "has" disrupts the parallel form. The revised sentence is "She is more talented, smarter, and more positive in attitude."Sentence StructureUnderstanding sentence structure is crucial for creating clear and effective writing. A sentence should have a subject and a verb to express a complete thought. Fragments, which lack a subject, a verb, or do not express a complete thought, should be avoided. For example, "While waiting for the train" is a fragment that can be revised to "While waiting for the train, I read a book."Furthermore, run-on sentences occur when two independent clauses are joined together without proper punctuation or conjunctions. For instance, "I like to run I enjoy the feeling of freedom" is a run-on sentence that can be fixed by adding a comma and a coordinating conjunction: "I like to run, and I enjoy the feeling of freedom."CommasCommas are versatile punctuation marks that serve various purposes in writing. They can be used to separate items in a list, set off introductory phrases, and offset non-essential information. However, it is crucial to use commas correctly to avoid confusion and misinterpretation.A common mistake is the misuse of the comma splice, which occurs when a comma is used to join two independent clauses without a coordinating conjunction or a semicolon. For instance, "I like to read, I find it relaxing" is a comma splice that can be corrected by adding a conjunction: "I like to read, and I find it relaxing."Moreover, commas should be used to set off non-essential information, but not essential information. For example, "The book, which was published last year, is quite popular" uses commas to set off non-essential information. Conversely, "The woman who is wearing a red dress is my sister" does not use commas because "who is wearing a red dress" is essential to identify the woman.PunctuationIn addition to commas, proper usage of other punctuation marks, such as semicolons, colons, and dashes, is essential for clear and effective writing. Semicolons can be used to join closely related independent clauses without a conjunction, to separate items in a list when the items contain commas, and to clarify a series of item...。
Subject-verb+Agreement
复数，指 一样东西，则用单数。 Your and my husband were at the meeting . Cool and fresh wind is blowing from the south. The smoke and gas fills the building.
B 11. Ten minutes ______ a long time for one who waits. A. seem B. seems C. seemed D. are seemed B unbelievable. 12. In my opinion, some of the news _____ A. are B. is C. has been D. have been C the United Nations founded? 13. When ______ A. is B. are C. was D. were B . 14. Every possible means _____ A. has tried B. has been tried C. was tried D. were tried C nothing to do with me. 15.What she says and does _____ A. was B. were C. has D. have D a dictionary and several books on the desk. 16.There _____ A. are B. must C. have been D. is C 17.It is ________who_________ wrong. A. me ,am B. me, is C. I ,am D. I ,is
主谓一致 Subject-Verb Agreement (基础)
child. 10.The teacher (look, looks) happy today. 11.Economics( is , are) what she wants to
study.
Subject-Verb Agreement
doctor. She (am, is, are) an actress. You (am, is, are) a student. He (was, were) shy. We (was, were) foolish. 2. Tom (cooks, cook) the dinner. 3. The students (like, likes) music. 4. The boy (do, does) his work at night. 5. The girl (see, saw, have seen) a car.
Subject-Verb Agreement
For some personal pronouns:
I
am/was/do
You
are/were/do
He/She/It
is/was/does
If it is a verb phrase, the subject agrees with the first helping verb.
Subject-Verb Agreement
The verb agrees with the subject, not any other part of the sentence.
One of the trees is falling. Tom, along with his parents, is going for
subject-verb Agreement
主谓一致，是指主语和谓语动词要保持人称和数上的一致。
主谓一致的三个原则A 坚持向前看语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系，主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；反之，谓语动词用复数形式。
My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me.My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me.B 坚持向后看。
意义一致是说谓语动词的单、复数要取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面上的语法标记。
1.主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。
The majority of primary school teachers are women.2.主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。
No news is good news. Billiards is becoming more and more popular in some cities.C 就近原则就近原则是指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时，谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致。
There is a square table and some chairs in the center of the dining-room. Either your students or William knows this.提示: 一般说来，究竟何时采用何种原则，应视英语习惯用法而定。
但在实际使用中，如果对上述三种原则捉摸不定时，遵循语法一致的原则是一种比较稳妥的方法。
并列主语的主谓一致A 由and连接的并列主语1.用and (或both...and) 连接并列主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。
A hammer and a saw are useful tools.当and连接的两个名词是指组合到一起的一件完整的或成套的东西，或表示同一个人或一种概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
subject-verb agreement
Subject-verb agreement1.Herry is the most studious in the class.2.Her sister and her brother were very shy and were really hardperson to get to know.从上述例句中，我们都知道主语是交际双方都知道的信息，即Known Information, 因此主语subject都是用一些有事物性或实体性的词语来表示。
谓语是相对于主语而言的，在句中是对主语加以说明的部分。
Subject-verb agreement: the subject and verb must agree both in number and person. 在人称和数的方面遵循三种原则：Grammatical concordNotional concordPrinciple of proximity1 .Grammatical concord 名词中心词是复数，动词就用复数形式；是单数或不可数名词，动词便用单数形式。
简言之，作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单，复数形式上一致。
eg :1. He seems to be fair2. Two girls were standing on the corner.2. Notional Concord 主语和谓语动词一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式，而是取决于主语的单、复数意义。
有的时候主语在语法形式上是复数，而在意义上可视为单数。
The government have asked the country to decide by a vote. Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.注意：表示时间，金钱，距离的词语，一般情况下用单数。
3.Principle of proximity谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语（主要是指名词）的单，复数形式。
精选高中3Unit3Subject-verb agreement (共30张PPT)公开PPT课件
(8)_m__at_t_er_s__ (matter) more than the present？
We should pay attentions to the problems that
we(9)_h_a_v_e_(have) today and what kind of solutions we (10)__a_re___(be) going to find.
No one but your parents_w__a_s_ there then.
Day 12 , 26 July
The tomb 1. _w_a_s__ 22 kilometers from the ruined city of Loulan . The journey 2. _w_a_s___very hot and all of us 3._w_e_r_e_ glad when the bus stopped . We followed Professor Zhang to the entrance of the tomb . We got out our flashlights and Prepared ourselves to go into the tomb . I felt quite excited .
his family. • Skating in winter ___is____ great fun.
2. 当主语属于以下情况时，谓语动词 要用复数形式：
• 主语是复数名词时
• 主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的 词或词组时
试一试
• Both the girls __a_r_e_ interested in music. • Large quantities of water _a_r_e__ polluted. • Linda and Mary _a_r_e__ twin sisters. • The scientist and inventor __i_s__ in our
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Pronoun Error
Misplaced Modifiers
Subject-Verb Agreement Faulty Parallelism Faulty Verb Tense Faulty Comparisons Idiom
Sentence Fragments Adjectives/Adverbs Run-on Sentence
2. 连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语 Eg. ★ You look the same. ★ The weather gets warmer, and the days get longer.
主谓一致的三原则
1. 语法一致原则 2. 意义一致原则
3. 就近原则
语法一致原则
单主 复主 单谓 复谓
Eg. ★The number of errors was surprising. ★ We love our motherland.
※ 谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、
“是什么” 或“怎么样”
※ 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后 ※ 谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成 简单谓语和复合谓语
＊不论何种时态，语态，语气，凡由一个动词（或动词词组）构成的谓语都 是简单谓语 Eg. ★ I like walking. ★ I made your birthday cake last night. ★ It is used by travelers and business people all over the world. ＊复合谓语 1. 情态动词，助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的重复谓语 Eg. ★ What does this word mean? ★ I won’t do词或代词或其他词的数的形式，来 决定其自身的数的形式 Eg. ★ Not only his children but also he himself wants to go there.（want） ★ Either my wife or I am going to work there. (be)
has
was
3. 作主语的集体名词作为一个整体看待时谓语动词可用单数，若就其中 各个成员来考虑谓语动词则用复数 Eg. ★ The committee was made up of ten members. (由…组成） ★ My family enjoy sports and games.（enjoy） ★ My family have moved into the new house. × has 4. 表示数目、时间、金额的名词复数作主语时，谓语动词仍可用单数 Eg. ★ Two hours is enough for us to finish the experiment.（be） ★ Two dollars is too cheap for his pair of shoes.（be）
！
When the subject and verb are reversed, they still must agree in both number and person.
Eg. Attached are copies of the contract.
Practice
5. 两个或两个以上的并列主语由and连接时，如果表示不同概念谓语 动词用复数，如果表示同一概念谓语动词要用单数 Eg. ★ Lily and Lucy are twin sisters.（be） ★ The singer and dancer comes from Guangxi.（come） 6. each, either, neither或由some, any, no, every构成的合成代词作主语 时谓语动词用单数 Eg. ★ Each of us has read the book.（have read） ★ Either of the stories is interesting.（be） ★ Somebody is waiting for you at the school gate.（be）
主谓一致的13种情况
1. 两个作主语用的名词或代词由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but (also)连接时，谓语动词应与后一个主语的人称和数一致 Eg. ★ Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it. (know) ★ Not only the students but (also) the teacher is active in sports and games. (be) 2. 主语是单数，而后面跟有as well as，with, together with, like, but, except等短语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式 Eg. ★ She as well as the other students have learned how to type. × ★ Our school, with some few schools, was built in the 1950s. (build) ★ A professor, together with some students, were moved into a × new lab.
"什么人"或“什么事”
※ 主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体
★ What can work as a SUBJECT? 名词、代词、名词化了的动词、形容词、分词、副词或数词等，动词不 定式或不定式短语，从句，某些固定词组的第二格
1. 名词做主语：Our school is not far from my house. 2. 代词做主语: 3. 数词做主语: We like our school very much. Two plus two is four. This is an article.
4. 名词性或名词化的词、词组或短语: 5. 动名词做主语: Seeing is believing.
6. 动词不定式做主语: To do such a job needs a better knowledge. 7. 从句做主语: What I mean is to work harder.
PREDICATE
9. people, police, cattle等作主语时谓语动词用复数 Eg. ★ The people in the city are very friendly. （be） ★ The police are searching for the murderer.（be） ★ The cattle are grazing near the river.（be） 10. 用”every/ each/ no/ many a/ a great deal of+单数名词“作主语时 谓语动词用单数，而”a great many/ a great number of等+复数名词“ 作主语时谓语动词则用复数 Eg. ★ Every man and woman attends the meeting.（attend） ★ Many a student and teacher is watching the football match. （be watching） ★ A great deal of our time was spent on this test.（spend） ★ A great many people have moved into new houses.（have moved）
Subject-Verb Agreement
• The subject and verb must agree both in number and person. ★ What is a SUBJECT? ★ What is a PREDICATE?
SUBJECT
※ 主语是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么。表示句子说的是
意义一致原则
主、谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主语所 表达的内在含义 Eg. ★ The crowd were fighting for their lives. （be动词过去式）
★ Three years in a strange land seems like a long time. （seem）
13. “the+形容词/ -ed分词“这一表示一类人的结构作主语时，谓语动词 用复数 Eg. The injured have been taken to hospital.（have，take） The young are required to respect the old.（require） 注：这种结构表示物时，谓语动词用单数 Eg. The good in him outweighs the bad.（outweigh）
7. none作主语时谓语动词可用单数或复数 Eg. ★ None know/ knows a great deal about this experiment.（know） ★ None has/ have been found.（have） 8. 代词what, who, which, any, all, most, more等作主语时，谓语动词用 单数还是复数主要由它们所代替的意义决定 Eg. ★ What is wrong with you. ★ There are some books on the desk. What are the names of them? （be） ★ He who laughs the last laughs the best.（laugh） ★ All of the students have seen the film. ★ All that glitters is not gold.（be）