口译与听力(口译部分)
上海市高等教育自学考试英语专业（独立本科段）（C050201）口译与听力（口译部分）（08681）自学考试大纲上海外国语大学自学考试办公室编上海市高等教育自学考试委员会组编2014年版I. 课程性质及其设置的目的和要求（一）本课程的性质与设置的目的“口译与听力（口译部分）”是自学考试本科段的一门实践性考核课程。
本课程是一门语言技能应用性课程，在语音、语调和听说训练的基础上，结合口译技巧训练，培养学生一定的口译能力。
本课程主要培养学生进行不同场合英汉—汉英口译的能力，使学生在进一步提高英语听说能力的同时，掌握基本的口译知识与技能，为今后从事一般口译工作打下扎实的基础。
（二）本课程的基本要求1.听的技能1）能全面理解与日常生活和社会紧密联系、体现时代性和实用性的段落。
2）能逐句理解、听懂说话者的主要意思，能听懂交际场合中各类英语会话和讲话。
要求具有一定的听力理解、短时记忆、笔记以及听译等能力。
2.说的技能要求掌握英语口语表达的基本技能，包括语音语调、措辞与语法、语句的连贯以及表达的流利度。
3.口译技能1）能完成英—汉、汉—英口译互译。
口译材料的题材带有普遍性，紧扣社会、时代与日常生活内容，深度与难度适中。
2）能在听懂和理解原话的基础上译出原话的主要内容。
3）掌握一定的口译技能，包括短时记忆能力、笔记能力、概括主题思想的能力、专有名词及固定表达的快速互译、无笔记口译能力等。
要求掌握英译汉、汉译英的口译基本技能。
口译时应能完整、准确、流利地传达原文的思想与内容，语音语调基本正确。
（三）与相关课程的联系本课程同其他专业英语课程，如“口译与听力（听力部分）”、“高级英语”、“英语翻译”、“英语语法”、“英语词汇学”等一起从不同的角度和层次使考生对英语口译有个比较全面、多维的认识。
II. 课程内容与考核目标Unit 1本单元要求考生主要掌握下列口译、听说基本技能：1. 英语数词一至十，两位数乃至三位数的念法及相对应的翻译。
2. 秒、分、时、日、星期、年、年代、世纪、千年等时间概念及其在英语中的念法与对应翻译。
3. 简单的数字计算和时间推算。
4. 口译考试中常见的数词和时间用语。
5. 注意介词和冠词以及其与数词搭配的用法和含义。
6. 掌握和经济、贸易、商务话题有关的口译基本词汇、术语和句型。
Unit 2本单元要求考生主要掌握下列口译、听说基本技能：1. 熟悉英语口语中日常生活和学习中常见的动词及其用法。
2. 熟悉英语口语中常见动词短语的搭配及其含义。
3. 在口译考试中，应注意句子中动词或短语动词的用法，如：及物或不及物的动词；带to 或不带to的动词不定式；动词的-ing形式等等，力求通过语法结构、句型或上下文的关系来正确理解所听到的动词或动词短语的含义。
4. 掌握和饮食、健康话题有关的口译基本词汇、术语和句型。
Unit 3本单元要求考生主要掌握下列口译、听说基本技能：1. 表示事情发生先后关系等内在联系的介词、连词或其他短语的用法和含义。
2. 辨清听力句子或对话中所谈事情发生的先后顺序。
3. 掌握和家庭、生活、婚姻话题有关的口译基本词汇、术语和句型。
Unit 4本单元要求考生主要掌握下列口译、听说基本技能：1. 英语口语中疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句）的语法结构和常用句型。
2. 英语疑问句中的语音语调及不同语音语调所表达的含义。
在口译考试中，判断疑问句型可以通过疑问代词（who, what, when, where, how等）、助动词（do, have等）、情态助动词（can, may等）、语序（如：倒装语序）、语调（如：升调、降调、降升调等）、语气以及上下文来确定。
由于在快速口语中大量使用省略句型以及非正式语体，因此对考生来说，熟悉疑问句的语音语调、语气以及上下文关系是至关重要的。
3. 掌握和休闲、娱乐话题有关的口译基本词汇、术语和句型。
Unit 5本单元要求考生主要掌握下列口译、听说基本技能：1. 表示地点和场所的陈述句和倒装句型。
2. 同谈话场所和谈话人身份有关的单词和词组。
在口译中，为了强调地点和场所时会使用倒装语序，考生应特别注意句首表示地点的介词或介词词组以及随后作为主语的名词和名词词组。
同时，通过关键词和词组对谈话场所（where）和有关谈话人身份（who）做出正确的判断。
3. 掌握和生物、环境话题有关的口译基本词汇、术语和句型。
Unit 6本单元要求考生主要掌握下列口译、听说基本技能：1. 表示任务行为、日常活动的常用口语句型。
2. 描绘事情或事物的常用口语句型。
3. 理清口译中人物之间、事物之间、人物和事物之间的相互关系。
例如：1）通过物主代词、名词所有格、定语从句、介词短语等表示的从属关系。
2）通过动词let, get, ask, make, have等来表示“使（某人）做（某事）”的“祈使”关系。
3）通过“be动词的变化形式+ 动词的过去分词”来表示的被动关系。
4）通过连词、介词或动词来表示的因果关系。
4. 掌握和文化、习俗话题有关的口译基本词汇、术语和句型。
Unit 7本单元要求考生主要掌握下列口译、听说基本技能：1. 英语口语中各种用来表示疑问、征求意见、寻求确认等功能的句型及其语音和语调。
2. 英语口语中附加疑问句（tag question）的语音语调及其含义。
3. 英语口语中表示同意或确认的各种句型及其用法。
4. 掌握和艺术话题有关的口译基本词汇、术语和句型。
Unit 8本单元要求考生主要掌握下列口译、听说基本技能：1. 表示“忠告”(Advice)、“建议”(Suggestion) 等语言交际功能的句型。
2. 表示“请求”(Request)、“提供”(Offer) 等语言交际功能的句型。
3. 掌握和社会问题话题有关的口译基本词汇、术语和句型。
Unit 9本单元要求考生主要掌握下列口译、听说基本技能：1. 表示“希望”（Hope）、“意愿”（Willingness）的基本句型。
2. 表示一种无法实现的愿望，通常用wish或if only引导。
3. 表示“假想条件”，实现的可能性很小，或者指同现在或过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
4. 以what或how 引导的感叹句等感情色彩浓厚的句型。
5. 掌握和体育、运动话题有关的口译基本词汇、术语和句型。
Unit 10本单元要求考生主要掌握下列口译、听说基本技能：1. 在英语口语中，通过涉及其他人或事物表示句子含义进一步引申的句型，通常以neither, so等引导，分别表示“……也不是”和“……也是”。
2. 在英语会话中，表示意义进一步引申的句型，通常以besides, likewise, inaddition, moreover, what’s more等引导，也往往通过语调上的变化（如升调）来过度，然后作进一步的说明或阐述。
3. 掌握和科学、学习研究话题有关的口译基本词汇、术语和句型。
Unit 11本单元要求考生主要掌握下列口译、听说基本技能：1. 英语口语中表示否定或含蓄否定的句型，包括全部否定、部分否定、比较否定、强调否定等。
2. 英语口语中表示否定或含蓄否定的单词和词组。
3. 掌握和旅游、交通话题有关的口译基本词汇、术语和句型。
Unit 12本单元要求考生主要掌握下列口译、听说基本技能：1. 英语口语中常见的用连词来表示的因果关系（Cause and Effect）。
2. 英语口语中用介词或介词短语来表示的因果关系。
3. 用动词或动词词组等来表示的因果关系。
4. 用非谓语动词或者用原因状语从句来表示的因果关系。
5. 掌握和大众传媒话题有关的口译基本词汇、术语和句型。
Unit 13本单元要求考生主要掌握下列口译、听说基本技能：1. 表示人物或事物之间相等比较的句型。
2. 表示人物或事物之间不相等比较的句型。
3. 表示人物、事物或行为之间的对照或对比。
4. 掌握和各类会议、国际关系话题有关的口译基本词汇、术语和句型。
Unit 14本单元要求考生主要掌握下列口译、听说基本技能：1. 含有always, ever, only等副词或形容词的强调句型及其含义。
2. 含有nothing, nobody, never, no one等否定词或词组的强调句型及其含义。
3. 用比较句型来表示最高级的含义。
4. 掌握和高科技话题有关的口译基本词汇、术语和句型。
Unit 15本单元要求考生主要掌握下列口译、听说基本技能：1. 以动词为中心的惯用语（即动词短语）在句子或对话中的发音及其含义。
2. 以名词、形容词或介词为中心的惯用语在句子或对话中的发音及其含义。
3. 掌握和法律话题以及法庭口译有关的口译基本词汇、术语和句型。
Ⅲ. 有关说明与实施要求根据教育部的规定，高等教育自学考试为个人自学、社会助学和国家考试相结合的形式。
这是我国高等教育和终身教育的一种重要形式。
为了帮助学员和有关单位更好地了解本课程的要求，现就本课程的学习和考核问题做如下说明：一、指定教材与主要参考书目1. 指定教材：《新编英语听力与口译》齐伟钧，陈汉生主编，上海外语教育出版社，2008年1月第一版2. 参考书目：上海外语口译证书培训与考试系列丛书二、关于自学方法的指导考生在自学过程中应该注意以下几个方面的问题：1）使用本课程考试大纲指定的学习教材和学习参考书。
2）理解和掌握并熟练运用口译常用的英语词汇、术语和句型。
3）了解和掌握并熟练应用口译技能。
4）反复朗读课文，加深对课文的理解。
5）认真、经常并不间断地进行课后操练。
6）学会使用词典、相关工具书及网络，加深对各类词汇的理解。
7）不断扩大“活跃”词汇，深入了解相关背景知识，扎实提高口译技能的应用能力。
三、对社会助学的要求1. 社会助学是高等教育自学考试的一个重要组成部分，社会助学者应根据本大纲所规定的考核内容和考核要求，认真钻研大纲指定的教材和学习参考书，理解和掌握教材的基本内容对自学者进行切实有效的辅导。
同时，要帮助考生熟悉和掌握本大纲规定的知识点，提高他们在口译训练和口译过程中分析问题和解决问题的能力。
2. 鼓励自学者认真做好每篇课文中的练习题，并以课堂讲解的形式对练习中出现的错误进行分析，使学生们对一些基本词汇、术语和句型加深理解，透彻掌握。
3. 鼓励学生“举一反三”，以教材和参考书目为基础，不断提高自身的语言运用能力和口译技能。
四、关于命题与考试的若干规定：1. 本课程考试命题的难易程度和范围均根据本大纲规定的范围和能力要求而定，命题人在命题时应尽可能照顾知识点的覆盖面。
考试命题除基本的词汇、语法和句型外，还应包含一定比例的各领域基本知识和术语。
2. 本课程试卷的难度结构应合理安排，试卷中不同难易程度的试题分配比例为：容易的题目（识记）分值应占卷面的20%左右，较易的题目（领会）分值应占30%左右，较难的题目（简单运用）占30%左右，难题（综合运用）占20%左右。
《口译与听力》自学考试大纲
《口译与听力》自学考试大纲一、课程性质与设置目的“口译与听力”是高等教育自学考试英语专业本科段的一门重要实践课程。
本课程旨在培养考生的口译和听力技能，使考生能够在不同场景下准确、流畅地进行口译和听力理解，为其今后在英语相关领域的工作和学习打下坚实的基础。
二、课程内容与考核目标（一）口译部分1、交替传译基础技巧能够准确听取源语信息，理解主旨和关键细节。
掌握笔记技巧，有效记录关键信息。
运用适当的口译策略，如顺句驱动、意译等，进行初步的口译表达。
2、商务口译熟悉商务场景中的常用词汇和表达，如商务谈判、市场营销、国际贸易等。
能够准确口译商务合同、商务报告等常见文本。
3、旅游口译了解旅游相关的背景知识和文化特色。
能够流利地口译旅游景点介绍、旅游服务咨询等内容。
4、会议口译掌握会议口译的规范和礼仪。
能够应对不同主题的会议发言，进行准确、流畅的口译。
（二）听力部分1、基础听力技能能够辨别不同的语音、语调、语速。
理解日常生活、学习和工作中的常见话题。
2、新闻听力熟悉新闻报道的结构和常用词汇。
能够抓取新闻要点，理解新闻主旨。
3、学术讲座听力掌握学术领域的常用词汇和表达方式。
能够理解学术讲座的逻辑结构和主要观点。
三、考试形式与要求（一）考试形式1、口译考试采用现场口译的方式，考生在规定时间内对给定的材料进行口译。
2、听力考试采用闭卷笔试的形式，包括听力理解、听力填空、听力简答等题型。
（二）考试要求1、口译部分要求考生发音清晰、表达流畅、翻译准确，能够灵活应对各种口译场景和话题。
2、听力部分要求考生在规定时间内完成答题，准确理解听力材料的内容，并按照要求进行作答。
四、学习方法与建议（一）口译学习1、多听多练，提高听力水平，为口译打下基础。
2、积累丰富的词汇和表达，尤其是与不同领域相关的专业词汇。
3、进行模拟口译练习，可通过观看相关视频、听取音频材料等方式，并对照参考译文进行自我评估和改进。
（二）听力学习1、每天保持一定的听力练习时间，逐渐适应不同的听力材料和语速。
口译与听力unit15-a
口译与听力unit15-a1. This university has a world-wide reputation for the effectiveness of its training program.这所大学因培训项目的高效率而闻名于世。
2. We should manage to house and feed the poor.我们得设法解决贫民的食宿问题。
3. A large conference centre is already being prepared.一个大型的会议中心正在做准备。
4. The World Health Organization says climate change will bring positive and negative health impacts.世界卫生组织说，气候变化能够为健康带来正面和负面的影响。
5. The church dominates the entire town.那座教堂俯临全城。
6. Apart from saving you time, it also brings in a world of information and knowledge and acquaints you with the latest happenings in your fields of interest.除了能够为你节省时间，它也能将你带入到一个信息和知识的世界，它能让你接触到你所感兴趣领域里最新的信息。
7. What is more, Hong Kong has a contingent of high-quality civil servants, large numbers of successful entrepreneurs and an array of professional talents.尤其重要的是，香港有一支素质较高的公务员队伍，有一大批成功的企业家和各行各业的优秀人才。
口译与听力(自考本科)
课程性质：《口译与听力》（听力部分）是高等教育自学考试英语专业基础课考试计划中的一门必修课。
总体水平相当于普通高等院校英语专业四年制本科结业时的听力水平。
课程要求：1.能听懂英语国家人士关于日常生活、社会与文化的讲话、交谈或讲座，理解中心大意，抓住主要论点。
2.能听懂英语国家有关政治、经济、历史、文化以及风土人情的广播和电视节目的主要内容。
3.语速为每分钟150-170词，接近英语国家人士的日常说话速度。
学习书目：《英语高级听力》，何其莘等编写，外语教学与研究出版社，1992年版。
考试安排：考试时间共约30分钟，满分100分，共分四部分。
每个问题答题时间为14秒。
除第三部分短文填空读三遍外，其它题型均只读一遍。
题量及分值：Part I 10个小题，每小题2分，共20分Part II 10个小题，每小题2分，共20分Part III 15个空，每空2分，共30分Part IV 10个小题，每小题3分，共30分题型说明：Part I 是陈述（Statement），问题在考生卷中印出。
Part II是对话（Conversation）。
Part III为短文填空（Text Completion），每空填一个词或数字。
短文的题材主要涉及社会、教育、文化、风俗人情、历史地理等方面的内容，多选自英语母语者的演讲和讲座等。
Part IV为新闻报道（News Broadcast），本部分一般由5条新闻组成，均为政治、经济、文化、社会等方面的重要新闻。
就每条新闻提出2个问题，问题在考生卷中印出。
样题举例：Part I STATEMENTIn this part of the test,you will hear 10 short statements.After each statement there will be a 14-second pause.During the pause,read the question and the four possible choices marked A,B,C and D,and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have just heard.On the ANSWER SHEET,mark your choice of answer.（20%）1.听力原文To apply for your VISA you need to go to Room 201 first to confirm your identity.Q：Where are you most likely to hear this statement?考生卷Q：Where are you most likely to hear this statement?A.In a police station.B.In a tourist information centre.C.In a foreign embassy.D.In a bank.2.听力原文I have found another problem with my washing machine,as if one is not enough.Q：What is the speaker trying to say?考生卷Q：What is the speaker trying to say?A.The speaker is not sure about the number of the problems.B.The speaker is complaining about the quality of the washing machine.C.The speaker is trying to find more problems.D.The speaker is ready to buy another washing machine.3.听力原文Cathy's dresses are anything but expensive though she has a substantial bank account.Q：What can we infer about Cathy?考生卷Q：What can we infer about Cathy?A.She sets up a special account to buy expensive dresses.B.She spends a lot on her dresses.C.She puts every penny she saves to her bank account.D.She doesn't spend much on her dresses.Part II CONVERSATIONIn this part of the test,you will hear 10 short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a third voice will ask a question about what was said.After the question there will be a 14-second pause.During the pause,read the four possible choices and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have just heard.On the ANSWER SHEET,find the number of the question and mark your choice of answer.（20%）1.听力原文W：During the last thunderstorm I noticed several leaks in my bedroom ceiling and they really caused a mess.M：Maybe you have some broken tiles.I have the phone number of a good roofing company that could do a good repair job for you at a reasonable price.Q：What can we conclude from this conversation?考生卷A.The roof of the woman's house needs to be repaired.B.The roof of the man's house has several bad leaks.C.The woman's bathroom was badly damaged.D.The man works for a roofing company.2.听力原文W：If I were you,I wouldn't interrupt the boss while he's in an important meeting.Wait till he gets back to his office.M：I have to. He told me to bring him this letter as soon as it arrived,even if he was in the bathroom.Q：Where is the boss?考生卷A.In his office.B.In a meeting.C.In the bathroom.D.In another room.3.听力原文W：Friday's speaker is supposed to be wonderful.Are you going to attend the seminar on that day?M：Yes.But I haven't been able to get the ticket yet.Since the lecture is open to the public,I imagine that the tickets may have already been sold out.Q：Why is the man afraid he won't be able to attend the seminar?考生卷A.He doesn't think that there will be enough seats for everybody.B.He doesn't think that the speaker will show up.C.He doesn't think that the seminar will be open to the public.D.He doesn't think that there may be any more tickets available.Part III TEXT COMPLETIONIn this part of the test,you are going to hear a passage.Some words or numbers on the printed passage have been taken out.Listen carefully and fill in the blanks on the ANSWER SHEET with the words or numbers you hear.The passage will be read THREE times.（30%）听力原文Let's use paper as an example.The first step is to raise public awareness about the recycling process,to explain the kinds of materials that can be recycled,and provide ways on how to properly dispose of them.Local governments should educate the public on how to properly sort reusable materials from those,like waxed paper,carbon paper,plastic material such as fast food wrappers,that can't be recycled very easily.Then,a system of collecting these sorted materials needs to be established.The public interest might be there,but soon may wane if there isn't a system where they can take these materials to be recycled.Sometimes we become complacent when it comes to recycling,but when you speak in terms of actual facts and figures that everyone can understand,people become more aware of the problem.I remember readingone time that the energy saved from one recycled aluminum can will provide enough power to operate a television for three hours.Give the public information they can grasp,and then you will increase your chances of gaining followers.考生卷Let's use paper as an example.The first step is to _____public awareness about the recycling process,to explain the kinds of_______ that can be recycled,and provide ways on how to properly______ ofthem.Local_______should educate the public on how to properlysort_________materials from those,like waxed paper,carbon paper,plastic material such as fast food wrappers,_______can't be recycled veryeasily.Then,a system of________these sorted materials needs to be established.The public interest_________be there,but soon may wane if there isn't a system________they can take these materials to be recycled.Sometimes we become complacent when_________comes to recycling,but when you speak in terms of actual facts and figures that everyone can understand,peoplebecome_________aware of the problem.I remember reading one time that the energy saved_______one recycled aluminum can will provide enough power to________ a television for three hours.Give the public_________they can grasp,and then you will______your chances of gaining followers.Part IV NEWS BROADCASTIn this part of the test,you will hear 5 news broadcasts from foreign broadcast corporations.You will hear them once only.（30%）Questions 1and 2 are based on the following news.At the end of the news item,you will be given 14 seconds to answer each question.On the ANSWER SHEET,mark your choice of answer.听力原文News Item OnePepsiCo of the US and Unilever of the UK have become the latest foreign entrance in China's competitive bottle tea market.The two companies launched Lipton's iced tea in Guangzhou last week in a fifty-fifty venture.PepsiCo is contributing its bottling facilities and distribution networks to the alliance while Unilever provides the famous tea brand and recipe,company executivesaid.China has a growing bottle tea market estimated to be worth 10 billion Yuan.It has been dominated in recent years by two Taiwanese brands：Master Kong and Uni-president.Three other big brands – Nestle,Guangdong-basedJianlibao and Lipton have just entered the market this year.Swiss company Nestle is working in conjunction with Coca Cola.Q：1.The news item is manly about a joint venture between___________.2.Who will provide the distribution networks in the joint venture?考生卷1.The news item is manly about a joint venture between___________.A.a US company and a UK companyB.a Swiss company and a UK companyC.two Taiwanese companiesD.a mainland company and a US company2.Who will provide the distribution networks in the joint venture?A.Unilever.B.Nestle.C.PepsiCo.D.Coca ColaQuestions 1 and 2are based on the following news.At the end of the news item,you will be given 14 seconds to answer each question.On the ANSWER SHEET,mark your choice of answer.听力原文News Item TwoBritain has announced that it is to cancel about 200 million pounds worth of the debts owed to it by poorer commonwealth countries.The International Development Secretary says the relief was being offered to countries committed to eliminating poverty and pursuing good government.This would include taking action against corruption.At the same time,Common Market Finance Ministers are meeting in Mauritius.Britain is expected to put forward a fresh initiative on reducing the debts of the poorest countries.The Chancellor of Exchequer has indicated that he plans to revive a scheme put forward last year by the International Monetary Fund which has not yet provided any relief.Q：1.Which of the following is NOT a condition for the reduction of debts2.By canceling the debts owed to her,Britain intends to ___a similar scheme proposed by the International Monetary Fund.?考生卷1.Which of the following is NOT a condition for the reduction of debtsmitment to wiping out poverty.mitment to good government.mitment to fighting against corruption.mitment to narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor.2.By canceling the debts owed to her,Britain intends to ___a similar scheme proposed by the International Monetary Fund.?A.reject?B.restart?C.followD.reviewQuestions 1 and 2 are based on the following news.At the end of the news item,you will be given 14 seconds to answer each question.On the ANSWER SHEET,mark your choice of answer.听力原文News Item ThreeIsrael and PLO,after 6 days of intensive negotiations,meet again later today for what they say they hope will be the final initialing of an agreement on extending Palestinian self-rule in the West Bank.The two sides had been optimistic about reaching agreement yesterday.But last minute hitches arose over the timetable for releasing thousands of prisoners and the arrangements for the redeployment of Israeli troops.The BBC Jerusalem correspondent says it appears the two sides have made progress on one of the most difficult issues of all,the future of Hebron,the only town in the West Bank where there is a community of Jewish settlers.Q：1. The 6-day negotiations between the PLO and Israel are mainly about2.What progress has been made in their negotiations?考生卷1. The 6-day negotiations between the PLO and Israel are mainly aboutA.the extension of Palestinian self-rule.B.the establishment of Jewish settlement.C.the arrangement of PLO troops.D.the reconstruction of Hebron.2. What progress has been made in their negotiations?A.Israeli troops can stay on in the West Bank.B.Israel has released thousands of prisoners.C.PLO and Israel have made a final agreementD.Agreement has been reached on the future of Hebron.。
changes in the job market口译与听力
changes in the job market口译与听力High school and college students in the United States today, as well as others who plan to work in this country, have one important question about their futures: Will they find a job? There's no easy answer, of course.But let's look at some of the recent changes in the U.S. job market and see if we can make some predictions for future job hunters.A good way to begin is to look at the American work force and how it's changing. Clearly, the most important change has been the shift from a manufacturing economy to a service economy. Let's define both of these terms. First, a service economy is one in which most workers provide services-that is they do something instead of making something. They don't produce a specific product; they serve sustomers or clients, like your doctor does, or your hair stylist, or airline piolots, salesclerks, et cetera. Now, in contrast, people who actually produce things---like cars, furniture or clothing---are part of the manafacturing economy.So again, the point here is that we have changed from a manufacturing economy to a service economy. The following numbers will show you just how big a changed this has been. One hundred years ago, 80% of workers produced goods; today only about 20% do. Economists predict that this change is going to continue in the samedirection; in fact, by the year 2020, nine out of ten workers will supply services.Okay. Let me move on to my next main point. What has caused this change in our economy? First of all, why has the number of manufactureing jobs decreased? Can anyone guess? Yes. Automation. A lot of work your fathers and grandfathes used to do is now done by machines like computers or computerized robots. Anything else besides automation? Well, foreign competition is another. Jobs in American automobile and steel manufacturing have especially decreased because of competition from Western Europe and Asia.On the other hand, what about service jobs? Why have those increased? Here again we can point to two reasons. Technology is one. Some services exist only because of advanced technology, like overnight mail delivery and photocopy services. And the other reason... many service jobs have been created becauses of the changing population. I mean because of the changing needs of the American population. For example, because more and more peoples are living longer and longer, more health-care services are needed. Nursing and other health-related jobs are, in fact, among the fastest growing these days. Also, now that most married women work outside the home, the need for services such as restaurants and day-care centers has increased.Okay, so now you know where the jobs will be, and let's suppose you've decided to look for a job in a service industry. But wait. Some economists worry that the service-job explosion may creat several problems. What do you think those problems might be? According to some studies, half of the service jobs pay low wages. And the pay is low because many of these jobs don't require much education or training. So some economists worry that the standard of living of may Americans might decrease. So that's the first problem. And also, many of the service workers are part-time or temporary employees, which means they get no benefits. In other words, many service jobs don't give a worker much security. That's another big problem.The good news is that some of the fastest growing service jobs are the better paying ones, particularly in the technical and professional fields. But these jobs, like registered nurses and computer analysts, require a high degree of skill and many years of education. So if your decide to look for a job in service industry, and you want to be sure you'll make enough money, get the right training and education first. That is really the best way to prepare for the future job market.。
口译与听力-00602-1802
1802 Lesson Two p228 p180As we enter the 21st century, a new global economy draws nations ever closer.But our growing interdependence hinges much more than technology and trade.For we are linked intrinsically by the physical and biological webs that sustain life on our planet.Indeed, unless we reach across borders and face this threat together,the next century may dawn on an Earth in ecological crisis,with half of all species gone, and our grandchildren enduring deadly floods, drought and disease brought on by global warming.When millions across America celebrated the first Earth Day 30 years ago,our focus understandably was on own backyard.Our rivals were catching on fire, and our skylines were disappearingbehind a veil of smog.America’s remarkable environmental progress in the years since is powerful testament to our national will, our technological prowess and our faith in a better future.Protecting the environment is today a bedrock American value, as important to us as safe neighborhoods and good schools.What’s more, three decades of experience have proved the naysayers wrong.Tending to the environment has not weakened our economy.In fact, our air and water are the cleanest they have been in a generation,even has we enjoy the longest economic expansion in our nation’s history.American’s responsibility now, as we mark the first Earth Day of a new millennium,is to bring these lessons to bear against new, more profound environmental challenges.We must look well beyond our own cities and countryside,make environment a core foreign policy objective and provide the leadership needed to put all nations on a cleaner, more sustainable path to prosperity.And without question, we must do more to counter a threat that shows more clearly than any other how closely our nations’ fates are linked:The threat of global warming,As the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases, the US has a special responsibility to lead this effort.We must see —and seize—the opportunities in its solution.Promising new technologies, and others just over the horizon, can power our homes, factories and cars with cleaner,more efficient energy—cutting emissions while strengthening our economy.。
口译与听力1502
1502 Lesson Two p133 p102When Sir Raffles claimed Singapore in 1819,a small fishing village stood on the site,the place was surrounded by thick jungles and swamps.Still, the location was ideal for traders.Chinese, Arab and Indian trading ships had already been sailing past for centuries.The port established by Raffles on Singapore quickly grew into an international trading center.Merchants of every race, color and region settled there.Singapore became a British colony in 1826and an independent republic in 1965.Modern Singapore is a product of its heritage of commerce andimmigration.Singapore has many names.According to legend, a prince visiting the island saw an animal that looked like a lion.He named the island Singa Pura, or Lion City.Another for Singapore is the Garden City.The tree-lined streets, green parks and lush nature reserves show how Singapore got this name.Perhaps the best describes Singapore is Instant Asia.The many Asians from different countries living there give visitors an instant view of Asia.Singapore also has many faces. The city surprises visitors with its many languages, cultures, races and religions.Chinese, Malays and Indians all live side by side.Besides these main groups, Indonesians, Arabs, Eurasians, Europeans and many others also call Singapore home.Singapore has many names.According to legend, a prince visiting the island saw an animal that looked like a lion.He named the island Singa Pura, or Lion City.Another name for Singapore is the Garden City.The tree-lined streets, green parks and lush nature reserves show how Singapore got this name.Perhaps the name that best describes Singapore is Instant Asia.The many Asians from different countries living there give visitors an instant view of Asia.Singapore also has many faces. The city surprises visitors with its many languages, cultures, races and religions.Chinese, Malays and Indians all live side by side.Besides these main groups, Indonesians, Arabs, Eurasians, Europeans and many others also call Singapore home.They all add their dash of spice to Singapore’s rich culture blend.The mix of traditional costumes, cuisines and festivals makes Singapore sizzle with activity and color.A variety of festivals throughout the year offers visitors a taste of the major culture and religions.The government of Singapore fosters a tolerant society.It encourages citizens to be clean, courteous and law-abiding.The religious festivals of the major faiths are observed as national holidays.The language policy also fosters harmony.Everyone must learn at least two of four official languages: English,Chinese, Malay and Tamil.Many multiethnic countries study Singapore as an example of how many races can live together harmoniously.Singapore’s delicious cuisine and fine shopping draw visitors from all over the world.The choice of restaurants offers something to please every appetite and budget.Singapore is a favorite with serious shoppers, because Singapore is a duty-free port,many goods are cheaper there than in their country of origin.Singapore shopping arcades easily rival those of Hong Kong.Children of all ages will enjoy the Singapore Zoological Gardens.The zoo has a large colony of orangutans.Visitor to the zoo can have breakfast or tea with an orangutan, but theymust book in advance.The zoo’s newest attraction, the Night Safari, offers a chance to observe the nocturnal habits of many wild animals.Another must-see is Singapore’s Sentosa Island.Billed as a holiday resort for the whole family, the island offers enough to keep everyone busy all day.Sports fans will enjoy golf, roller-skating and water sports.Underwater W orld and the Butterfly Park display some of the natural beauty native to the area.Orchid Fantasy is a garden where beautiful and unusual orchids bloom.For history lovers, Fort Siloso has a wax museum commemorating the colonial days of Singapore.The Asian Village is a showcase for ethnic specialties of the region:food, architecture, arts and crafts.It also offers an amusement park.Singapore is a crossroads for people from all over the world.This multicultural, multiracial city-state boasts the highest living standard and GNP in Southeast Asia.Singaporeans are proud of their tidy, prosperous city.They work hard to make sure that everyone feels welcome.。
口译与听力uniteight
同时它也向世界提出了严峻的挑战。
11
Lesson One
This year’s World Habitat Day theme---Cities for All---focuses our attention on all urban residents who are excluded from enjoying the benefits of urban life. 今年世界居住日的主题 今年世界居住日的主题—— 全人类 的城市 的城市 —— —— 把我们的注意力集中在了 把我们的注意力集中在 了所有的城市居民身上。 所有的、被排除在享受城市生活乐趣 之外的城市居民身上。 他们被排除在享受城市生活乐趣之外
14
Lesson One
According to the UNDP Human Development Report, 1.3 billion people do not have access to clean water and the same number of people live on less than one dollar a day.
7
Lesson One
Based on what I have observed during this first day of the symposium, I think I can safely say we will have even closer cooperation in the future.
美国公使在“中美环境保护研讨会” 上的祝酒词
3
Lesson One
Thank you, Mr. … Good evening, ladies and gentlemen.
陕西高等教育自学考试英语专业《口译与听力》口译仿真试题二
陕西高等教育自学考试英语专业《口译与听力》仿真试题二A第一部分：汉译英（50 分）（一）句子口译（共5 句，每句5 分）在这一部分，你将听到5 个中文句子，每句只播放一遍，每句后有20 秒钟间隙供你口译成英语，你可以边听边做记录：１、我希望有机会能答谢您给予我们的热情招待。
I hope that I will have the chance to reciprocate your warm reception.２、有关部门已批准了项目建议书。
The project proposal has been approved by the relevant departments.3、保护自然资源和维护健康对每个社会的发展和繁荣都至关重要。
Protecting natural resources and safeguarding health are essential to the development and prosperity of every society.4、中国积极参与多边外交活动。
China takes an active part in multilateral diplomatic activities.5、噪音污染不仅令人讨厌，还是一种环境危害。
Noise pollution is not only annoying but also an environment hazard. （二）段落口译（共1 段，25 分）在这一部分，你将听到一段中文，整段播放一遍，播放完毕后有70 秒钟间隙供你口译成英语，你可以边听边做记录：第二个原因是铁路有利于民族团结。
铁路修建之前，不同地区的人过着各自的生活，他们几乎不和其它地区的人进行联系，而铁路却造就了国民的团结；这就像义务教育教所有的学生同一种语言而非各地的方言，也像征兵制度，因为征兵把年青人变成士兵，并且安排他们和同团的来自其它地区的士兵在一起，同样促成了国民的团结。
口译与听力unit13-b
1. 他说，如果改革进程轻而易举，那么几十年前就已经完成了。
He said that if the reform process was easy, it would have been done decades ago.2. 经济职能上要完善城市知识基础设施，培植以知识为基础的产业；In economic functions, the city government should complete the knowledge infrastructure of city, and cultivate the knowledge-based industries;3. 出于无奈, 我们只得照要求的做了。
We had no choice but to do what we were asked.4. 简而言之，家庭教育必须得到重视。
In short, we should pay more attention to family education.5. 事实上，在西方发达的证券市场也存在同样的问题。
The same problem also exists in the western mature securities market.6. 由于缺乏良好的教育，可能使你不适合做某些工作。
The lack of a good education might disqualify you from some jobs.7. 我们都有过高估计我们意志力的倾向，因而将自己放在多过我们能够抵御的诱惑当中。
We all tend to overestimate the strength of our willpower, and then put ourselves in situations where temptation is more than we can resist.8. 加大工作量可能会使你在很短的时间做更多的事情，但是最终你的精力会消耗殆尽。
本科英语自学考试《口译与听力》句子翻译(上)
Unit 6 Opening and Closing Ceremonies1、Over the next day and a half we will have the opportunity to get to know one another and discussrelevant issues affecting the diamond industry.在随后的一天半的时间里，我们将有机会相互了解，并就影响钻石业的相关问题进行讨论。
2、We will also present updated research result on the world DJ (diamond and jewelry) market andmore importantly just recently released research findings on the state of the Chinese DJ industry.我们还将向你们介绍有关世界钻石珠宝市场的最新调查结果。
更为重要的是介绍最近发布的有关中国钻石珠宝业状况的最新调查结果。
3、The impressive economic growth and sound management of the economy in the past few yearsare very encouraging. 在过去几年，中的形势令人鼓舞，经济发展显著，管理良好。
4、当然，我们还不应当忘记为会议提供了各方面周到服务的各界朋友，他们的辛勤工作确保了会议的顺利进行。
Of courage, we should not forget our friends from all walks of life who have provided thesmooth running of the conference.5、我衷心祝愿我们的事业蒸蒸日上，我们的友谊地久天长。