汉译英教程4
英汉翻译教程第四章翻译方法技巧
safe
and
The house needs attention but the roof is sound. sleep: deep and peaceful To have a sound night’s sleep
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5. good, but not excellent a sound piece of writing 6. physical punishment to give sb. a sound beating
He Hamleted at a chance and regretted for it. 机会到来时他犹豫不决，过后又后悔了。 Hamlet 原是沙士比亚（王子复仇记） 中主人公名，用此人优柔寡段性格来比 喻类似情况。译时抽象化了。
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We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street. 我们主张国际贸易不应该是有来无往。 One-way street 原意是“单行道” 引申“有来无往”。
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（二）英语中有些词是中立的本身不表示褒贬 义，但在一定的上下文中可能有褒贬的意味， 译时要相应地表达出来。 The president promised to work to repeat state and federal laws that discriminate Against women. 总统承诺将力求废除歧视（贬义）妇女的州法 及联邦法。 By a 6-3 vote, the court held that this official discriminate did not violate the Constitution. 法院以六票对三票的裁决的认定，政府对这个 问题上才去的区别对待（中性词）的办法并不 违反宪法。
英汉翻译教程课文4
4-1. Brindley had begun on his own account, out of interest, to survey the waterways that he travelled as he went about his engineering projects for mills and miners.
汉语叙事顺序是按照事情发生的 顺序进行的。
1-3. The Industrial Revolution began with such machines; the millwrights were the engineers of the coming age. 而工业革命就是从这些机械开始的。修造磨坊的匠人就是开创新时代的工程师。 1-4.James Brindley of Staffordshire started his self- made career in 1733 by working at mill wheels, at the age of seventeen, having been born poor in a village. 斯塔福郡的詹姆斯 •布林德雷，出身于一个贫苦的农村家庭；一七三三年，他十七岁， 就着手改良磨坊的车轮，从而开始了那自我奋斗的生涯。 having been born poor in a village表示原因，说明他为什么十七岁就开始干活。 2-1. Brindley 's improvemenபைடு நூலகம் were practical: to sharpen and step up the performance of the water wheel as a machine. 布林德雷所作的改良是很实际的：改善并加强水车的机械功能。 2-2. It was the first multi-purpose machine for the new industries. 这是为新工业提供的第一部多功能机器。
chapter four-商务英语英汉翻译教程
Part 1. Relationship between the meaning of English and Chinese words
Differences: Chinese-相比英文，汉语词义严谨固定， 词的含义范围较窄，词义上下的依赖性比较 小。 English-英文词义灵活多变，词的含义范围 比较窄，词义上下的依赖性较大，英语一词 多义的现象较汉语多。
CISISU-Business English for the Seniors 16
Part 3. Characteristic meaning in Business Discourse
CISISU-Business English for the Seniors 12
Part 2. Cultural meaning of words
2.英汉语中都有但文化内涵不同的词 1)There are only five minutes left, I need to go to the rest room. 译文：只剩五分钟了，我需要去下卫生间。 2)To reduce loss and increase overall profits, the CEO told his product managers to get rid of all the dogs. 译文：为了减少亏损，全面增加利润，公司的首席 执行官告诉产品部经理们要销毁所有的次品。
CISISU-Business English for the Seniors 15
Part 3. Characteristic meaning in Business Discourse
新编英语教程4(李观仪)-练习册汉译英1-10单元
新编英语教程4(李观仪)-练习册汉译英1-10单元 Unit 11.每当他午夜下班回家，他总是蹑手蹑脚地上楼，以免吵醒邻居。
Every time he returned home from work at midnight, he would tiptoe upstairs, trying not to disturb his neighbours.2.为了与新来的邻居建立一种和睦的关系，格林先生不失时机地主动帮她把行李搬进屋子。
To establish some kind of rapport with his new neighbour, Mr. Jones lost no chance in offering to carry her luggage into the house.3.米勒博士向我们推荐的文章集中论述了空气污染问题，同时也提到了诸如水污染，噪音污染和视觉污染等问题。
The article recommended by Dr. Miller centres on the problem of air pollution;meanwhile, it touches upon other issues such as water pollution, noise pollution and visual pollution.4.要不是她的朋友时常鼓励她、帮助她，她将一事无成。
If it had not been for the constant encouragement and help from her friends, she couldn’t have accomplished anything.5.几天前他还对这项计划嗤之以鼻，可是他现在却以高涨的热情去努力落实这项计划，这真是令人难以理解的转变。
It was only a few days ago that he was full of contempt for the new project, but he is now working hard with zest for its realization. What a baffling change!6.从她的自传可以断定，她对那名钢琴师始终怀有着一种复杂的感情。
英汉翻译教程 第四章 翻译的技巧
1. How to explain that I was not a proud owner seeking admiration for his vehicle, but a tourist who had broken down?【译文】真不知道怎么说好呢？我又不是一个得意的车主，专门让人家欣赏我的车子来着，而是个路途中有了难处的游客。
2. It is actually very, very old and was not always as beautiful as it is now. It is not certain how the Earth began. Probably it began as a huge globe of gas and dust. The globe became smaller and denser. … Today the outer layer or crust is cool and hard, …【译文】实际上，地球已经非常、非常古老了，它起初并不总像现在这样美丽。
关于地球的起源，尚无定论。
地球开始形成时，很可能是一个由气体和尘埃组成的巨大球体。
地球变得越来越小，越来越密，……今天，地球的外层或地壳已经冷却硬化，……3. Special equipment assures that the computers will not be disturbed by power interruptions that last less than two hours.【译文】在停电两小时以内的情况下，有专门设备能保证计算机正常工作。
4. It was not anger, nor surprise, nor disapproval, nor horror, nor any of the emotions that she had been prepared for.【译文】那表情不是生气，不是惊讶，不是不满，不是嫌恶，也不是她原先准备应付的任何一种感情。
新视野大学英语读写教程4汉译英翻译题汇总
资料范本本资料为word版本，可以直接编辑和打印，感谢您的下载新视野大学英语读写教程4汉译英翻译题汇总地点：__________________时间：__________________说明：本资料适用于约定双方经过谈判，协商而共同承认，共同遵守的责任与义务，仅供参考，文档可直接下载或修改，不需要的部分可直接删除，使用时请详细阅读内容新视野大学英语4汉译英Unit11.这种植物只有在培育它的土壤中才能很好地成长。
The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2.研究结果表明，无论我们白天做了什么事情，晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦。
Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.3.有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大努力，以此来为自己的失败辩护。
Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.我们忠于我们的承诺：凡是答应做的，我们都会做到。
We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it.5.连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己的儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。
爱迪生也同样如此，他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝。
Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6.当局控告他们威胁国家安全。
第4章 句子的英译(新编汉英翻译教程 陈宏薇)
（新编汉英翻译教程陈宏薇）第4章句子的英译在汉英翻译实践中，我们明确了关键词语的选择后，就要考虑句子的构建了。
如前文所述，句子是较为理想的汉英翻译单位。
从“汉英句法对比”中我们得知，由于思维方式的差异，汉语和英语的句子概念不同，句子类型的划分不同，句子组合的机制也不同。
汉语为语义型语言，着力考究“字”与语义及其相关关系，注重内容的意会性。
因此，汉语的句法特征是：主语可由诸多不同类别的词语充当，主语隐含不显或无主语句的情况时常可见；谓语的成分非常复杂，且不受主语支配，没有人称、数、时态的变化；句与句之间多无明示逻辑关系的连接词。
所以汉语句子看似松散，如流水般无定法可依。
英语为语法型语言，重点研究主谓序列及其相关词类，句子结构受形式逻辑制约，注重形式的严谨。
Partridge(1954:9)认为“英语句子十句有九句是按主谓宾配列的”。
刘宓庆先生也认为，任何英语语句都可以完形为主谓统携全句的基本态势。
因此，英语句法的特征是：主语突出、易于识别，且只能由名词或名词性的词语担任；谓语绝对受主语的支配，在人称和数上面必须和主语保持一致，有时态、语态和语气的变化；句与句之间多以明示逻辑关系的连接词相连。
所以英语依法构句，形式完整而严密。
在汉英翻译中，要牢记以上汉英语言之间的差异，记住英语是主语显著语言(subject-prominent language)，英语句子构建在主谓轴(subject-predicate pivot)上。
因此，选择确定主谓语，是成功构句，保证译文与原文功能相似、语义相符的关键。
4.1主语的确定在汉译英的实践中，对主语的确定可采取三种处理方法：（1）以原句主语作译文主语；（2）重新确定主语；（3）增补主语。
4.1.1以原句主语作译文主语英语句中的主语只能是名词、主格人称代词或名词性的词语。
当汉语原文有明确的主语，而且该主语由名词或主格人称代词充当时，我们可以原句主语作为英译文的主语：如：（1）我们的房子是一百多年前建造的。
《大学汉英翻译教程》 第四章 句子的英译与常用技巧
【例2】科学是老老实实的学问，来不得半点虚假，需要付出艰巨的 劳动。（郭沫若：《科学的春天》） Science means honest, solid knowledge, allowing not an iota of falsehood, and it involves herculean effort and grueling toil. 【分析】译文中增译了“herculean effort”，用来和“grueling toil” 一起来表示艰巨的任务的意思，增加了这个词语，使得译文更充分 的传达除了艰苦的劳动之意。 【例3】还有些人不能进领导班子或者不能重用，例如，……革命意志 严重衰退，饱食终日，无所用心的，等等。（邓小平：《邓小平文 选》第二卷） There are also others whom we should not recruit into leading bodies or place in important posts. They include:...and persons whose revolutionary will has waned and who are content to eat three square meals a day and do nothing. 【分析】“饱食终日”这个词语在译文中采用了增译法，划线部分为 与之对应的译文。
【例3】所以，人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。 Hence people are all heavily dependent on nature for survival. 【分析】“全都”已经包含了“一致”的意思了，所以，译文 中“一致”并没有再次译出。
【例4】他暗暗下定决心：一定重新做人。 He made up his mind to turn a new leaf in his life. 【分析】“暗暗下决心”不必译成“he made up his mind secretly”,在英文中“make up one’s mind”就可以表达暗暗下 定决心了，如果加上“secretly”反而会让人觉得奇怪。因为下 决心本来就是一种心理活动，所以就不存在“openly”和 “secretly”之分了。
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汉译英教程4.
I. 作业讲评
1. 此乃千载难逢的好机会，你一定要抓住。
You must seize this opportunity. It is a chance of lifetime.
2. 地质勘探队员们历尽千辛万苦，找到了不少新矿藏。
After innumerable hardships, the prospecting team discovered a lot of new ores.
3. 该港的吞吐量两年间翻了一番。
The handling capacity of the harbor has doubled in two years.
4. 这种机器的耗油量是那种新机器的九倍。
The fuel oil this type of machine uses is nine times that of the new type.
5. 采用新技术使生产成本一下子降低了25%。
The adoption of the new technique reduced (lowered) the cost of production by one quarter.(25%)
6. 今年上半年汽车进口12.5万辆，比去年同期增长1.75倍。
In the first half of this year, the import of motor vehicles reached 125,000, increasing 1.75 times compared with the same period of last year.
7. 作为出口主体的国有企业今年出口278.3亿美元，比去年减少了3.4%。
As the major force of China’s export, China’s state-owned enterprises exported US$27.83 billion worth of goods, a reduction of 3.4 percent
compared with last year.
8．据报，今年1到6月份，大连市的工业生产值达到58亿人民币，比去年同期增长15.8%，占年预算的35.8%。
It is reported that, during the January-Jane period, the gross value of industrial output of Dalian, a coastal city in Liaoning Province, topped 5.8 billion yuan, chalking up 15.8 percent from the same period of last year while occupying 35.8 percent of the annual budget.
销售实现收入为49亿元，比去年同期提高6.9%。
Incomes realized from sales reached 4.9 billion yuan, 7.9 per cent higher than that of the previous year.
头六个月出口创汇5.3亿万美元，比去年同期增长15.2%，占年计划的37.9%。
Exchange earnings through export hit $530 million during the first six months, up 15.2 percent from that of last year, accounting for 37.9 per cent of the annual year.
II．第三章主语的确定（P.164）
1.滥用职权严重地损害了党在人民群众中的形象。
Abuse of power seriously damaged the Party’s image among the people.
2.鉴于经济犯罪的严重性，亟需加大反腐力度，亟需增强透明度。
Given the seriousness of economic crime, anti-corruption efforts should be stepped up, and transparency in management be increased.
3.我原计划今年一月份访问中国，后来不得不推迟，这使我感到很
扫兴。
It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in January.
4.牛奶要放在阴凉的地方，否则就会变酸。
Milk must be kept in a cool place, or else it will go sour.
5.因为他病了，所以今天没来。
He is absent today because of illness. ( because he is ill)
6. 中国正在实施的西部大开发战略会创造很多的就业机会。
China is carrying out a strategy for the massive development of western areas, thus creating a lot of job opportunities.
7.不断地在思想上撒谎终将导致人的思想和性格的毁灭。
Continuous lying in the mind leads to the destruction of human thought and character.。