被动语态详细讲解(基础讲解)电子教案

被动语态详细讲解(基础讲解)电子教案
被动语态详细讲解(基础讲解)电子教案

被动语态

一、语态概述

我吃了一个苹果,那现在苹果怎样了?苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句,英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为:主动、主动、主去动。例如:Many people speak English.

谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。巧记为:被动、被动、主被动。例如:English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。

例如:He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)

二、被动语态的构成

被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。

及物动词---本身意义不完整,后必须带宾语,有些还可以带双宾。

不及物动词---本身意义完整,不需要带宾语,如带宾语必须通过介词。

人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

一般现在时:am/is/are+eaten 一般过去时:was/were+eaten

一般将来时:will/shall/be going to be+eaten 过去将来时:would/should/be going to be+eaten

现在进行时:am/is/are being+eaten 过去进行时:was/were being+eaten

现在完成时:have/has been+eaten 过去完成时:had been+eaten

歌诀是:被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面。

三、被动语态的用法

(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如:some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)

This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。(没有必要或说出出版者)

(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。

例如:The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。

Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。

歌诀:谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要;动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到。

(3) 为了更好地安排句子。

例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一个主语就够了)

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)

(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如:

All the people laughed at him. ---- He was laughed at by all people.

They make the bikes in the factory. ----The bikes are made by them in the factory.

歌诀是:宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。

五、含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。歌诀是:情态动词变动,情态加be加“过分”。例如:

we can repair this watch in two days. --This watch can be repaired in two days.

We must finish this work soon. --This work must be done soon.

六、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题.

(1)时态保持一致。I have repaired my computer.---My computer has been repaired.

(2)谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。

His best friend often looks after him. --He is often looked after by his best friend.

(3)主动语态中若有双宾语,将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变。动词make/buy//get用for;动词give//send/lend/take用to)

Vivian gave me a book. (双宾语,人间物直,me为间接宾语,a book 为直接宾语)

-- I was given a book by Vivian.

--A book was given to me by Vivian.(直接宾语提前时,要在间接宾语前加介词)

(4)主动语态若有复合宾语,(即句子结构为主+及物动词+宾+宾补),将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语,宾补不变。 They call him Louis. --He is called Louis.

(5)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。

例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.

主动语态句中动词make, have, let(使sb做sth), notice. see. watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel等变成被动语态时,后面的不定式需要加上to.

Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes. --He was made to wash the dishes.

(7)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。

例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

(8)非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。

例I don't like being laughed at in the public.

(9)It is said that+从句及其他类似句型

一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。有:

It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道,It is bel ieved that…大家相信,It is hoped that…大家希望,It is well known that…众所周知,It is thought that…大家认为,It is suggested that…据建议。

例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (=The boy is said to have passed the national exam. )

七、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

1、(1).英语中有很多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。

例This kind of cloth washes well.

注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。

试比较:The door won't lock.(指门本身有毛病)

The door won't be locked.(指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因)

(2)表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。

例How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?

(3)系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。

例Your reason sounds reasonable

2、在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。

(1)在need,want,require, bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。

例The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。

(2)形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。

例The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)

(3)动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

例I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.(to do与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。)

初中被动语态讲解

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初中被动语态详细讲解.

语法专练---被动语态 一、语态概述 我吃了一个苹果,那现在苹果怎样了?苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句,英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为:主动、主动、主去动。例如:Many people speak English. 谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。巧记为:被动、被动、主被动。例如:English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如:He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词---本身意义不完整,后必须带宾语,有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词---本身意义完整,不需要带宾语,如带宾语必须通过介词。 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时:am/is/are+eaten 一般过去时:was/were+eaten 一般将来时:will/shall/be going to be+eaten 过去将来时:would/should/be going to be+eaten 现在进行时:am/is/are being+eaten 过去进行时:was/were being+eaten 现在完成时:have/has been+eaten 过去完成时:had been+eaten 歌诀是:被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面。 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如:some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。(没有必要或说出出版者) (2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。 例如:The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 歌诀:谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要;动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到。 (3) 为了更好地安排句子。 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一个主语就够了) 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如: All the people laughed at him. ---- He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. ----The bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌诀是:宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。 五、含有情态动词的被动语态

初中被动语态讲解及练习

被动语态 一、概念: 语态是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态。 二、主动句变为被动句的步骤: 1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语 2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词,并注意其人称和数随主语的变化,而动词的时态则保持不变。 3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现(注代词的宾格),如不需要则可省略。 4.其它的成分(定语、状语)不变。 三、被动语态的用法: 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 We clean our classroom every day. My mother asks me to study hard. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. 3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year. 5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 7. 不定式的被动语态:to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 There are two books to be read. There are twenty more trees to be planted. 3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词 不定式,主动语态中不带to ,但变为被动 语态时,须加上to 。例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,可以使用直接宾语也可以使用间接宾语作被动语态句子的主语。使用直接宾语(物)作主语时,要在动词后加上介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 He gave me a book. →A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket. →A ticket was shown to me by him. My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.

九年级英语被动语态

九年级英语被动语态 在九年级第九单元中,系统地学习了被动语态,虽然以前接触过这种语法,但学生们接受起来比较慢,效果不好.我课前下了大量的功夫总结好语法,集中 讲解便于学生们理解。主要讲解如下: 一、语态概述 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,相当于小学学过的”把”字句.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。相当于小学学过的”被”字句. 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化 是通过be的变化表现出来的。 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 (2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的 人称和数,3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。尽管讲解很系统,很到位,但一做题,学生就丢三拉四。.为了充分发挥学生的主动学习能力,首先我列出初中阶段最常用的几种找宾语. 用横线划出主语,用波浪线划出谓语动词,用括号括出宾语.宾语的出现一目了然.把宾语作为被动语态中的主语. 第二找到be.分两小步进行a) 看原句的时态.一般现在时用am / is/ are,过去时用was/ were, 一般将来时用will/ shall现在完成时用have/ has been 情态动词用can/ must/ may be b)看改成被动语态的主语的单,复数。结合a 来选择相应的be。第三,把动词的过去分词放到be的后面,然后将其他成分落下,by某人不妨放到最后。 在教学过程中由于学生基础的差异性,开始就能熟练掌握被动语态的学生不多, 所以我在教学过程中,有意将教材化难为易,化多为少,精讲多练,这样才能让 学生更好的去掌握新的语态。 同时,我还注重与学生沟通,让学生消除对英语学习的恐惧感,只有对英语感兴趣,才能保持英语学习的动力并取得好成绩。刻板的学习,不仅会影响英语学习的效果,适得其反让他们厌恶学习英语。 “他山之石可以攻玉。”教学上也是如此。然而照搬照抄反而会适得其反。因此,材料的整合至关重要。九年级上册二、三、四模块语法知识为被动语态。本周结 束四模块的教学后,我们对被动语态做了简单的总结归纳,以便学生及时形成知识框架。我在参考了许多材料、课件之后,针对本班学生的特点及之前的教学实际,将被动语态总结如下: 一、什么是被动语态 主动语态与被动语态:英语的动词有两种语态,即主动语态(The Active Voice)与被动语态(The Passive Voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者; 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 e.g. 1.They make trains in Zhuzhou . 主动

被动语态详细讲解(基础讲解)上课讲义

被动语态详细讲解(基 础讲解)

被动语态 一、语态概述 我吃了一个苹果,那现在苹果怎样了?苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句,英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为:主动、主动、主去动。例如:Many people speak English. 谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。巧记为:被动、被动、主被动。例如:English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如:He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词---本身意义不完整,后必须带宾语,有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词---本身意义完整,不需要带宾语,如带宾语必须通过介词。 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时:am/is/are+eaten 一般过去时:was/were+eaten 一般将来时:will/shall/be going to be+eaten 过去将来时:would/should/be going to be+eaten 现在进行时:am/is/are being+eaten 过去进行时:was/were being+eaten 现在完成时:have/has been+eaten 过去完成时:had been+eaten 歌诀是:被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面。 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

初中英语被动语态讲解原版教学文案

初中英语被动语态讲 解原版

初中英语被动语态讲解原版 一、被动语态的构成形式 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为: 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2) has /have been done 现在完成时 例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例A new cinema is being built here. 4) was/were done 一般过去时 例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5) had been done 过去完成时 例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.[少儿英语口语的提高,如果方法对还是很快的,最好的方法就是让他沉浸在一 个英语的环境中,现在最多人用的类似UIABC 这样的外教一对一教学平台,在一对一的教学中 建立一个纯正的说英语环境,15元/节的价格,也是还算比较经济的。] 6) was/were being done 过去进行时 例A meeting was being held when I was there. 7) shall/will be done 一般将来时 例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8) should/would be done 过去将来时 例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用) 例The project will have been completed before July. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。 例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语 变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。 例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为 被动结构时,要加to。 例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能 省略。

英语人教版九年级全册被动语态语法讲解

被动语态讲解课练习题 一.用括号内动词的适当形式填写This work may_________ today.(finish) The cars can’t _____________ here.(park ) 二.单项选择 1.---Did you go to Jim’s birthday party? ---No, I ________. A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invited D. didn’t

invited 2. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish ______ into the river. A. needn’t be thrown B. mustn’t be thrown C. can’t throw D. may not throw 3.The trees must _____ three times a week. A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters 4.Another new building _______last month near my school. A. was built B. built C. has been built D. is built

5. A new bridge ______ over the river next year. A is built B will build C will be built D will built 6. Another bridge ___ set up over the river in 6 years. A is being B will been C will be D has been 7. My bike _____ for 3 days. A is mended B has been mended C hasn’t be mended D is being mended. 8. The piece of music _______ great.

初中被动语态详细讲解上课讲义

初中被动语态详细讲 解

语法专练---被动语态 一、语态概述 我吃了一个苹果,那现在苹果怎样了?苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句,英语中的“被 字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形 式的变化表现出来的。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为:主动、主动、主去动。例如:Many people speak English. 谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。巧记为:被动、被动、主被动。例 如:English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如:He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词---本身意义不完整,后必须带宾语,有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词---本身意义完整,不需要带宾语,如带宾语必须通过介词。 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的 构成。 一般现在时:am/is/are+eaten 一般过去时:was/were+eaten 一般将来时:will/shall/be going to be+eaten 过去将来时:would/should/be going to be+eaten 现在进行时:am/is/are being+eaten 过去进行时:was/were being+eaten 现在完成时:have/has been+eaten 过去完成时:had been+eaten 歌诀是:被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面。 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如:some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电 脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。(没有必要或说出出版者) (2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。 例如:The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保 证。 歌诀:谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要;动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到。 (3) 为了更好地安排句子。 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一个主语 就够了) 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的 形式)。

初中英语被动语态的讲解

初中英语被动语态的讲解 定义:英语中有两重语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态中的主语是动作的执行者,被动语态中的主语是动作的承受者,即主动语态中的宾语。所以只有及物动词才有被动语态。 规则:被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。第一,助动词be 要随着人称和数的变化而变化,第二,助动词be 要随着时态的变化而变化。 一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化以do 为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为: 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2)was/were done 一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 3)shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 4)am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here. 5)was/were being done 过去进行时例A meeting was being held when I was there. 6)should/would be done 过去将来时例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 7)has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 8)had been done 过去完成时例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 9)shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)例The project will have been completed before July. 2.被动语态句型变化肯定句主语+be+过去分词,否定句主语+be not+过去分词,一般疑问句Be+主语+过去分词,特殊疑问句疑问词+be+主语+过去分词。 3.被动语态的特殊形式 1) 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 双宾语结构。主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍

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