直接引语和间接引语

直接引语和间接引语怎样区别直接引语和间接引语?直接引语：直接引述别人的话（句子中有“”）。

间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，叫“间接引语”（句子中一般无“”）二．直接引语变间接引语A.一般不表示请求或祈使的句子改为一个宾语从句1.连词若直接引语引号里的内容是陈述句，那么改为间接时，要用连词that (可以省略)……………….一般疑问句，…….，要用连词if/whether (不可以省略)……………….特殊疑问句，…….，要用连词wh- 即特殊疑问词本身（不可省）2.变化（1）主句动词的变化一般说来，主句谓语动词常为said或said to，变为间接引语时，当直接引语是陈述句时，said(不变)/told to。

当直接引语是一般疑问句和特殊疑问句时，则要把said或said to变为asked / asked sb.（2）从句人称的变化由直接引语变间接引语时，从句的主语人称要遵循一主、二宾、三不变的原则。

①直接引语的主语是第一人称变为间接引语时要和主句的主语保持一致。

②如果直接引语的主语是第二人称变为间接引语时要与主句的宾语保持一致。

③如果直接引语的主语是第三人称变为间接引语时，人称不变。

例如：①They said, “We will go there by bus.”→They said they would go there by bus.②She said to me, “Are you interested in science?”→She asked me if I was interested in science.③His mother said to me, “He can't go to school.”→His mother told me that he couldn't go to school.（3）、从句动词时态的变化a. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，从句的时态则应是与主句时态相应的过去时态。

①一般现在时→一般过去时；②一般过去时→过去完成时；③现在进行时→过去进行时；④现在完成时→过去完成时；⑤过去完成时→过去完成时（不变）；⑥一般将来时→过去将来时。

例如：The girl said, “I'm sorry for being late for class.”→The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class.b. 直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语从句的时态保持不变。

例如：He says, “I have finished my homework.”→He says that he has finished his homework.She will say, “I'll do it tomorrow.”→She will say that she'll do it the next day.c. 直接引语如果是客观事实或真理，变为间接引语时，从句时态不变。

例如：The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun.”→The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.（4）、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，指示代词的变化为this→that，these→those等；时间状语的变化为now→then，today→that day，yesterday→the day before, tomorrow→the next day等；地点状语的变化为here→there；动词的变化为come→go（go 不要变come）。

例如：1. She said, “I will come this evening.”→She said that she would go that evening.2. He said, “My sister was here three days ago, but she is not here now.”→He said that his sister had been there three days before, but she was not there then.B.表示请求或祈使的句子改为句型tell/ask/order sb (not) to do sth当直接引语引号里的内容表示要求时用tell sb (not) to do sth当直接引语引号里的内容表示请求时用ask sb (not) to do sth当直接引语引号里的内容表示强制要求时用order sb (not) to do sth直接引语变间接引语练习题将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1.“I never eat meat.” he said.He said that ______ never ______ meat.2.“I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me.He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.3.“I took it home with me.” she sai d.She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.4.The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west.5.“I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______.6.“You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.7.“I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______.8.“Did you see her last week?” he said.He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.9.He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there10.He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it.11.“Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days.12.“Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______.13.“Stop making so much noise, children.” he said.He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise.14.“Don’t tell him the news.” she said.She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news.15.“Are you intested in this?” he said.He ______ ______ I was interestd in ______.【参考答案】1. he, ate2. told, had, found, his3. she, had, taken4. rise, goes5. told, had, before6. had, there7. had, before 8. asked, if [whether], before9. told, could 10. how, she, had11. where, I, had, those 12. if [whether], I, lived13. told, to, stop 14. not, to, tell15. asked, if [whether], that二、.单项选择1. He asked ________ for the computer.A. did I pay how muchB. I paid how muchC. how much did I payD. how much I paid2. “Have you seen the film?”he asked me. →He asked me _______.A. had I seen the filmB. have I seen the filmC. if I have seen the filmD. whether I had seen the film3. “Please close the window,” he said to me.→He ______ me _____ the window.A. said to; to closeB. told to; closingC. asked ; to closeD. said to; please close4. “I am a teacher,”Jack said. →He said _________.A. that I am a teacherB. I was a teacherC. that he is a teacherD. he was a teacher5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.”→He _____- very naughty.A. said his mother that the boy wasB. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother that the boy wasD. spoke to his mother that the boy was6. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you?”→She asked ________.A. if I have already got well, hadn’t youB. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got wellD. had I already got well.7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?”→He asked me _________.A. am I a Party member or a League memberB. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member.8. He asked, “How are you getting along?”→He asked _______.A. how am I getting alongB. how are you getting alongC. how I was getting alongD. how was I getting along9. He asked me ________ with me.A. what the matter isB. what the mater wasC. what’s the matterD. what was the matter10. He said, “Don’t do that again.” He _____ me _______ that again.A. said to me; not to doB. said to me; don’t doC. told me; don’t doD. told me; not to do三、. 请选出正确的答案：1. Where was Alice’s sister? I don’t know where ________.A. was Alice’s sisterB. Alice’s sister wasC. is Alice’s sisterD. Alice’s sister is2. What did he say? I don’t know what _________.A. did he sayB. he saysC. he has saidD. he said3. I don’t know ___________.A. the reason why can beB. why the reason may beC. what the reason can beD. what the reason may be4. I wonder ___________ .which of the following is not the right choice?A. whether she will be fit for the job or notB. whether or not she will be fit for the jobC. if she will be fit for the jobD. what she will be fit for the job5. Is Mr. Wu from Beijing? I don’t know ________.A. where does he come fromB. from where does he comeC. which city he comes fromD. what city he comes from6. Can you make sure ___________?A. that he will come here todayB. when he will come here todayC. will he come here todayD. whether will he come here today7. Do you happen to know ________?A. where is her addressB. in which place is her addressC. what her address isD. the place her address is8. Excuse me, but can you tell me ___________?A. where can I get to the libraryB. where I can get to the libraryC. how can I get to the libraryD. how I can get to the library9. John asked me _______ to visit his uncle’s farm with him.A. how would I likeB. if or not would I likeC. whether I would likeD. which I would like10. I’d like to know ________ Chinese.A. when he began to learnB. when did he begin to learnC. when did he begin learningD. for how long he began to learn . 1~5 B D C D C 6~10 A C D C A。