人文科学专业英语教程作者翻译
论人文科学专业 英语作文
论人文科学专业英语作文（中英文实用版）Title: The Humanities: A Vital Discipline in the Modern WorldIntroduction:The humanities encompass a wide range of disciplines, including philosophy, literature, history, languages, and cultural studies.These fields of study focus on understanding human experiences, cultures, and societies.Despite the rise of science and technology, the humanities remain a crucial and vibrant part of contemporary education.This essay will explore the importance of the humanities in the modern world, highlighting their unique contributions to society.Body:1.Preserving Cultural Heritage:The humanities serve as a bridge to our past, providing insights into the history, traditions, and values of various cultures.Through the study of history, literature, and art, we gain a deeper understanding of our own cultural heritage and that of others.This knowledge is essential for fostering cultural diversity, tolerance, and empathy in a globalized world.2.Promoting Critical Thinking and Communication Skills:The humanities disciplines emphasize critical thinking, analysis, and the interpretation of complex texts and ideas.These skills are transferable to various aspects of life, enabling individuals to navigate thecomplexities of modern society.Moreover, the humanities foster effective communication skills, including written and verbal expression, which are crucial for success in both personal and professional contexts.3.Enhancing Empathy and Understanding:The humanities encourage us to empathize with others and understand different perspectives.Through literature, drama, and film, we are exposed to diverse characters and situations, expanding our horizons and challenging our preconceived notions.This empathy and understanding are vital for building inclusive communities and promoting social cohesion.4.Encouraging Ethical Reflection:The humanities engage with fundamental ethical questions, exploring concepts of right and wrong, good and evil.Through philosophy and religious studies, individuals can develop a strong moral compass and ethical framework.This reflection on ethical issues is crucial for informed decision-making and responsible citizenship in a democracy.5.Fostering Creativity and Innovation:The humanities nurture creativity and innovation by encouraging individuals to think outside the box and explore new ideas.Artists, writers, and designers draw inspiration from the rich tapestry of human experiences, cultures, and histories.The humanities thus contribute to the cultural and economic growth of societies, fostering innovation in variousfields.Conclusion:In conclusion, the humanities play a vital role in the modern world.They preserve our cultural heritage, promote critical thinking and communication skills, enhance empathy and understanding, encourage ethical reflection, and foster creativity and innovation.Despite the challenges faced by the humanities in the face of increasing emphasis on science and technology, their unique contributions to society cannot be overlooked.Investing in the humanities is an investment in our collective future, as they empower individuals to navigate the complexities of the world and build a more inclusive and compassionate society.。
学术英语综合教程人文社科董金娣翻译全文
学术英语综合教程人文社科董金娣翻译全文学术英语综合教程人文社科，是一本由董金娣翻译的教材。
本教
材全面涵盖了人文社科领域的各个方面，为学习者提供了一份生动而
有指导意义的学术英语学习资料。
本教程从多个角度出发，帮助学习者掌握学术阅读、写作、口语
表达等技巧。
首先，教程介绍了如何阅读学术文献。
通过示例文章和
详细的解读，学习者可以了解到学术英语的独特特点和常用表达方式。
其次，教程注重培养学生的写作能力。
通过讲解学术写作的结构、语
法和修辞技巧，学习者可以掌握如何撰写一篇规范、清晰和有逻辑性
的学术论文。
此外，教程还提供了大量的练习和写作指导，帮助学习
者提升写作水平。
另外，本教程还注重培养学生的口语表达能力。
通
过听力材料和口语练习，学习者可以锻炼自己的听说能力，提高与他
人交流的能力。
与其他教材相比，本教程的翻译质量值得称赞。
董金娣准确地传
达了原文的意思，并将其转化为易于理解和学习的中文。
她的翻译准
确无误，避免了一些常见的翻译错误，使学习者能够更好地理解学术
英语的相关知识。
总的来说，学术英语综合教程人文社科是一本全面、生动且有指
导意义的教材。
通过学习本教程，学习者可以全面提升自己在人文社
科领域的学术英语能力。
无论是阅读、写作还是口语表达，本教程都
为学习者提供了实用的技巧和方法。
董金娣的翻译工作更是让学习者
更好地理解教材内容。
因此，学术英语综合教程人文社科是学习者们不可或缺的宝贵学习资源。
大学英语阅读教程Unit7howtobeascientist全文翻译
大学英语阅读教程Unit7howtobeascientist全文翻译第一篇：大学英语阅读教程 Unit7how to be a scientist全文翻译How to be a scientistGina KolataAsk most people – even students majoring in science – to describe the typical life of a successful scientist, and chances are they will describe a dedicated existence: long hours in the laboratory, toiling alone among racks of test tubes and beakers.But researchers say that nothing could be further from the truth.Indeed, they say, the irony is that to succeed in science, most people have to leave the lab completely.Leading biologists and chemists say they spend no time in the laboratory.Instead they write grant proposals, travel and give talks on their group‟s research;they think up ideas for their staff of graduate students and postdoctoral fellows to work on, and try their best to motivate and encourage staff members to be creative and productive.Dr.Shirley, Tilghman, a molecular biologist at Princeton University, says that most people have no idea of the skills needed to succeed in science.“I get these undergraduates in my office saying they are trying to decide between medicine and science,” Dr.Tilghman said.“They say, …I really want to go into medicine because I want to be involved with people.‟ I just say, …my God.‟ The extraordinary thing about being a principal scientific investigator is that I should have been a psychology major.I do nothing but try to motivate people, try to figure out why they‟re not working hard.Most of biology is a profession where success depends to a large extent on how you work with people.”Some researchers say that the most valuable course work forscientists may not even be science.Dr.Ponzy Lu, a chemist at the University of Pennsylvania, says his worst memories of his days as an undergraduate at the California Institute of Technology were the humanities courses he and every other science major were forced to take.“We hadto write 500 to 1,000 words a week in essays,” Dr.Lu said.“I wasn‟t good at that kind of stuff.”But as soon as he become a successful scientist, Dr.Lu said he found that rather than puttering around the laboratory conducting experiments, he had to spend his time writing grant proposals, meeting deadlines.Dr.Lu said, writing “is about all I do.” And the dreaded essay writing at Cal Tech was “the most useful thing I learned.” Some scientists are delighted to leave the laboratory and find that they can finally shine when they are judged by their ideas and their administrative skills.Yet even people who feel this way are often loath to admit it, Dr.Lu said, because it is part of the mystique of science to say you love the lab.“It‟s like Jimmy Carter saying he lusted after women,” Dr.Lu said.“You can get in a lot of trouble saying things like that.”But no matter what they think of laboratory work, most researchers say that it was not until they were in graduate school, well on their way to becoming scientists, that they realized what the career path actually is.Dr.Kenneth Gross, a molecular geneticist at Roswell Park Cancer Institute in Buffalo, N.Y., remembers well his epiphany.It happened when he was a graduate student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.One day, Dr.Gross was working happily in the lab next to a postdoctoral fellow, Dr.Arthur Skoultchi, who is now at Albert Einstein College of Medicine.Full of enthusiasm, Dr.Gross said, he remarked that “the most incredible thing is that hey paid you towork in a lab.” Dr.Skoultchi, he said, replied, “Enjoy it while you can,” and explained to Dr.Gross what lay ahead.Young scientists move up the ladder from graduate student to postdoctoral fellow to assistant professor to, they hope, recipient of a federal grant.From then on, their time in the lab rapidly dwindles to nothing.Dr.Lu explained that it was not so surprising that most successful scientists ended up as thinkers rather than doers.“That‟s the whole problem with big science,”he said.“You have to have an army of people to do the work.” But, he added, “Part of what makes a person become a scientist is the desire for influence and power.And the only way you can have that is to have a group of people working on your ideas.”A typical research group at a leading university has about a dozen people, paid for mainly by grant money either from the federal government, private groups like the American Cancer Society or companies, that the principal investigator raises.Dr.Lu said that although his salary is paid by the university, he must bring in ＄300,000 a year to run his lab.This includes paying for equipment and paying the budding scientists who perform the experiments.Graduate students earn about ＄12,000 a year, some of which, is paid by fellowship;the rest comes from grant money.Postdoctoral fellows receive about ＄20,000 a year.Some scientists run huge groups that have budgets equal to those of small corporations.Dr.Jerome Groopman, an AIDS researcher at Brigham and Women‟s Hospital in Boston, said his group of about 50 people had an operating budget of ＄2 million a year.“It‟s clearly a major problem for a lot of people,”said Dr.Tom Maniatis, a molecular biologist at Harvard.“Nowhere in your education are you trained to be a manager or administer.Suddenly you are faced with writing grants andkeeping track of spending.But the most difficult challenge is managing people.I don‟t think scientists are prepared to do that at all.”From the new york times , april4,1993.怎样成为一名科学家问大多数人来形容一个成功的科学家的典型生活，和机会，他们将在实验室中描述了一个专用的存在：时间长，独自之间的试管和烧杯架劳作。
人文地理学专业英语
引言Introdu ction人文地理学，作为科学王国中一支较小的学科，尽管常常不被人们关注和重视，然而它却是一支最具活力的学科，它的研究主题——社会的空间组织和人与环境的关系——为许许多多形式的研究和朝气蓬勃的地理学者提供了机遇和挑战。
在最近30年来，西方人文地理学可以说是百家争鸣、百花齐放。
人文地理学家不断地接受他们以前很少遇到的其它学科的新思想、新观念，这样就给人文地理学的发展带来无限的生机。
Human geograp hy is such a subject full of vitaliti es despite of being neglect ed sometim es. Its research themes, the social-spatial structu re and the relatio n shipbetween human and environments, have brought opportu ni ties and challen ges to both various forms of research and geograp hers. In recent 30 years, the western human geograp hy has so many variega ted theorie s and ramific ations. Human geograp hers have kept absorbi ng new ideas and opinion s from many other subject s, which gives tremend ous vital force to the develop ment of human geograp hy.一、人文地理学的性质Charact ers of human geograp hy1、地理学形成及分化Formati on and differe ntiati on of geograp hy地理学（geograp hy）是希腊语中关于地球和书写两个词复合词，主要研究人类生活空间的地球表面（Haggett，1990）。
大学社科人文英语课文翻译
大学社科人文英语课文翻译Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998第一单元（History’s nature）历史是什么，它是关于什么的，它的目的是什么，这些问题，在某种情况下，不同的人会以不同的方式来回答。
但尽管这些答案存在着分歧，答案之间仍有很大程度的一致性。
如果答案经过仔细审查，这份协议就会变得更接近，抛弃那些来自不合格证人的答案。
历史，像神学或自然科学一样，是一种特殊的思想形式的性质、对象、方法和价值的问题，必须由拥有两个条件的人来回答。
首先，他们必须有这种思维方式的经验。
他们一定得是历史学家。
从某种意义上说，我们现在都是历史学家。
所有受过教育的人都经历过一个包含一定历史思维的教育过程。
但这并不足以说明他们对历史思维的性质、对象、方法和价值有什么看法。
因为首先，他们由此的历史思维经验可能是非常肤浅的；因此，基于这一观点的观点并不比一个人对法国人民的看法更有依据，这种看法是基于他对巴黎的一次周末访问。
第二，任何通过普通教育渠道获得的东西，以及肤浅的东西，总是过时的。
由此获得的历史思维经验是以教科书为模式的，而且这种模式所描述的并不是现实生活中的历史学家的看法，而是在过去原材料被创造出来的那个时候的历史学家的。
这不仅仅是历史思想的结果，当他们进入教科书的时候就已经过时了。
它也是历史思维的原则，即对历史思维的性质、对象、方法和价值的观念。
第三，与此相联系的是，对所有通过教育方式获得的知识都有一种特殊的错觉：对结局的错觉。
当学生在学习状态下学习任何科目时，必须相信事情已经解决，因为课本和老师都认为问题已经解决了。
当他从那种状态解脱出来，继续研究这个问题时，他发现什么都没有解决。
作为不成熟的教条主义的固定标志从他的身上消失了。
他以新的眼光看待所谓的事实。
他对自己说：“我的老师和课本告诉我，某某是真的；但这是真的吗他们凭什么认为这是真的，难道这些理由都是假的吗”另一方面，如果他摆脱了学生的身份而不继续研究这个问题的话，他就永远不会摆脱这种独断专行的态度。
英文介绍什么是人文学科
英文介绍什么是人文学科What is Humanities: An IntroductionHumanities is a broad academic discipline that encompasses the study of human culture, society, and history. It focuses on exploring various aspects of human existence, including language, literature, philosophy, art, music, and religion. In this article, we will delve into the definition and significance of humanities, highlight its key areas of study, and discuss the impact it has on society.Definition of HumanitiesHumanities is a field of study that examines the human experience through critical analysis, interpretation, and evaluation. It seeks to understand the complex nature of human behavior, thoughts, and emotions, and how these aspects have shaped civilizations across time.The study of humanities is rooted in the belief that an understanding of human culture and history is essential to gain insights into contemporary societal issues. It offers a unique perspective on the human condition, allowing us to appreciate the diversity and complexity of human existence.Key Areas of Study in Humanities1. Language and LiteratureIn the field of humanities, language and literature play a crucial role in understanding human communication and expression. Linguistics examines the structure and evolution of languages, while literature focuses on analyzing written works of fiction, poetry, and drama. By studying languageand literature, we can understand the power of storytelling, cultural values, and historical contexts.2. PhilosophyPhilosophy explores fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, ethics, and the nature of reality. It encourages critical thinking and rational inquiry to gain a deeper understanding of the human experience. Philosophy contributes to various disciplines within humanities and helps us navigate ethical dilemmas, moral values, and different perspectives.3. Arts and Visual CultureThe study of arts and visual culture examines various forms of artistic expression, including painting, sculpture, architecture, film, and photography. It explores how art reflects and shapes societal beliefs, values, and cultural identities. Through visual analysis, we can appreciate the aesthetic qualities of artworks and their historical and social contexts.4. Music and Performing ArtsMusic and performing arts are essential components of humanities, providing a means of creative expression and cultural representation. The study of music encompasses different genres, styles, and traditions, analyzing the composition, performance, and cultural significance of musical works. Performing arts, including theater, dance, and opera, explore the ways in which human experiences are conveyed through physical expression and storytelling.5. Religious StudiesReligious studies examine various world religions, their beliefs, practices, and their impact on society. It explores religious texts, rituals, and the role of religion in shaping cultural, ethical, and moral values. By studying religious traditions, we gain insights into human spirituality and the diverse ways in which people seek meaning and purpose in their lives.The Impact of Humanities on SocietyHumanities play a crucial role in shaping our understanding of ourselves, our communities, and the world we live in. It fosters critical thinking, empathy, and cultural awareness, providing a foundation for meaningful dialogue and social progress. Here are some key contributions of humanities to society:1. Cultural Preservation and HeritageThe study of humanities helps preserve and celebrate cultural heritage, ensuring that historical artifacts, literature, and traditions are passed down to future generations. By understanding our cultural roots, we can appreciate the rich diversity of human experiences and promote cultural understanding and respect.2. Social Justice and EqualityHumanities provide a platform for examining social issues and advocating for social justice. By studying history, literature, and philosophy, we can gain insights into the struggles faced by marginalized communities and challenge existing power structures. Humanities contribute to creating a more equitable and inclusive society.3. Ethical Decision-MakingPhilosophy, an integral part of humanities, encourages the development of ethical frameworks to guide decision-making. It helps individuals and societies navigate complex moral dilemmas, consider different perspectives, and make informed choices that uphold values such as justice, fairness, and compassion.4. Critical Analysis and InterpretationHumanities develop critical thinking skills, enabling individuals to analyze and interpret various forms of information and media. By questioning assumptions and engaging in evidence-based analysis, we can evaluate ideas, art, literature, and arguments more effectively, fostering a well-informed and discerning society.In conclusion, humanities encompasses a diverse range of disciplines that explore the human experience and shape our understanding of culture, society, and history. By studying language and literature, philosophy, arts, music, and religious traditions, we gain insights into the complexities of human existence. Humanities foster critical thinking, cultural appreciation, and social engagement, making it an essential field of study with a profound impact on individuals and society as a whole.。
新视野大学英语读写教程（第三版）Book2-unit-2-课文原文及翻译
Text A课文AThe humanities: Out of date?人文学科：过时了吗？When the going gets tough, the tough takeaccounting. When the job market worsens, manystudents calculate they can't major in English orhistory. They have to study something that booststheir prospects of landing a job.当形势变得困难时，强者会去选学会计。
当就业市场恶化时，许多学生估算着他们不能再主修英语或历史。
他们得学一些能改善他们就业前景的东西。
The data show that as students have increasingly shouldered the ever-rising c ost of tuition,they have defected from the study of the humanities and toward applied science and "hard"skills that they bet will lead to employment. In oth er words, a college education is more andmore seen as a means for economictrend that i betterment rather than a means for human betterment.This is as likely to persist and even accelerate数据显示，随着学生肩负的学费不断增加，他们已从学习人文学科转向他们相信有益于将来就业的应用科学和“硬”技能。
Human Cloning：A Scientiet27a Story 全新版大学英语 第三册UNIT 8课文翻译知识分享
H u m a n C l o n i n g：AS c i e n t i e t27aS t o r y全新版大学英语第三册U N I T8课文翻译Human Cloning: A Scientist's StoryDr. Samuel Wood via interviewI was extremely close with my mother all my life. She was a brilliant educator, writer and wonderful woman. Sadly, she developed complications related to diabetes. When she lost her eyesight and most of her ability to walk, it was absolutely horrifying for me. She passed away from a fall seven or eight years ago. At her funeral, I swore that one day I'd do something about conditions like hers.克隆人：一位科学家的故事塞缪尔·伍德博士采访录我一生与母亲无比亲密。
她是一位卓越的教育家、作家，是一位了不起的女士。
不幸的是，她患上了糖尿病引起的并发症。
当她丧失视力和大部分行走能力时，我惊恐万状。
七、八年前，她摔了一跤便离开人世。
在她的葬礼上，我发誓有朝一日要为她那样的疾病做点什么。
2. Years passed and I read about the work the South Koreans had done with stem cells. In 2004 and 2005 Hwang Woo-Suk fraudulently reported that he had succeeded in creating human embryonic stem cells by cloning.时间一年年过去，我读到了韩国人在干细胞研究方面所做的工作。
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作者介绍第一单元Around the beginning of the twentieth century there was a strong reaction among many philosophers, especially in the Anglo-American world, to metaphysical idealism in all its various forms. These new realists, as they were called, were motivated to a considerable extent by what they regarded to be the inability of metaphysical idealism to make sense out of science, with its implicit faith in the existence of an independent , real world. They wanted to show how perception does give us genuine knowledge of objects.在一开始的第二十世纪，有一种强烈的反应之间的许多哲学家，尤其在英美世界，形而上学的唯心主义在其所有的各种形式。
这些新的现实主义者，因为他们被称为，动机，很大程度上是由于他们认为是无法对形而上学的唯心主义的有意义的科学，其隐信心独立存在，真实的世界。
他们想显示如何知觉对象给我们真正的知识。
Bertrand Arthur William Russell (1872-1970) was a British philosopher, mathematician, and Nobel laureate, whose emphasis on logical analysis influenced the course of 20th - century philosophy.Russell was among the strongest realist voices of the time. He developed his realism from a so-called phenomenalistic theory of perception and the adoption of what he took to be "the logical-analytic method". He believed that our direct experiences have primacy in the acquisitionli of knowledge, and that the main task of the philosopher was to illuminate the most general propositions about the world and to eliminate confusion.贝特朗亚瑟威廉罗素（1872-1970）是英国哲学家，数学家，和诺贝尔奖得主，其重点是逻辑分析的过程中影响第二十-世纪哲学。
罗素是其中最强的写实声音的时间。
他发展了他的现实主义从所谓的现象主义理论的认识和采取什么他是“逻辑分析法”。
他认为，我们的直接经验，首要的获取知识，和主要任务的哲学家是照亮了最一般的命题的世界和消除混乱。
The main problem that philosophical realism faces is how to account for errors in perception and how to avoid the possibility that all of perception is systematically misleading regarding the actual state of the world insofar as all our knowledge is necessarily partial and incomplete.主要的问题是哲学的现实主义所面临的是如何考虑的观念中的错误和如何避免的可能性，所有感知系统误导有关实际状态的世界在我们所有的知识必然是片面的、不完整的。
In the selection from Our Knowledge of the External World (1914), Russell formulates his arguments in a very lucid manner.在《外间世界的真理》的选择中（1914），罗素提出他的论点，一个非常清晰的方式。
第二单元Arnold Toynbee was born in April 14,1889 in London and died in October 22,1975, in Y ork, England. His 12-volume A Story of History (1934-1961)put forward a philosophy of history, based on an analysis of the cyclical development and decline of civilizations, and provoked much discussion.阿诺德汤因比是天生的在四月141889在伦敦死于十月221975，在约克郡，英国。
其十二个历史故事（1934-1961）提出一个历史哲学的基础上，分析周期性的发展及衰落的文明，并引发了许多议论。
Toynbee began his study of history in 1922. In the study Toynbee examined the rise and fall of 26 civilizations in the course of human history, and he concluded that they rose by responding successfully to challenges under the leadership of creative minorities composed of elite leaders. Civilizations declined when their leaders stopped responding creatively, and the civilizations then sank owing to the sins of nationalism, militarism, and the tyranny of a despotic minority. Unlike Spengler in his The Decline of the West, Toynbee did not regard the death of a civilization as inevitable, for it may or may not continue to respond to successive challenges.汤因比开始了他的研究历史1922。
在研究汤因比的上升和下降26个文明在人类历史的进程，于是他得出结论，他们的成功应对挑战的领导下创造性少数精英所组成的领导。
文明衰落了当他们的领导人停止响应，创造性，和文明瘫由于罪恶的民族主义，军国主义和专制，暴政的一个少数民族。
不像格勒在《西方的衰落》，汤因比并没有把死亡的文明是不可避免的，因为它可能或可能不继续响应连续挑战。
Toynbee has been severely criticized by other historians. In general, the critique has been leveled at his use of myths and metaphors as being of comparable value to factual data and at the soundness of his general argument around the rise and fall of civilizations, which relies too much on a view of religion as a regenerative force. Many critics complained that the conclusion he reached were those of a Christian moralist rather than of a historian . His work, however, has been praised as a stimulating answer to the specializing tendency of modern historian research.汤因比一直严厉批评由其他历史学家。
一般来说，批判一直稳定在他使用的神话和隐喻为可比价值的事实数据，在他的健全的论点在上升和下降的文明，这很大程度上依赖于一个宗教观作为一个再生力。
许多批评人士抱怨说，他是一个基督教道德达到而不是一个历史学家。
他的工作，然而，被誉为刺激答案的专业现代历史学家的研究趋势。
The text is selected from Chapter One of Arnold Toynbee and the Western Tradition (1996) by Marvin Perry, who is a retired Professor of History at Baruch College, City University of New Y ork. He has published several successful Houghton Mifflin texts, including Western Civilization;A Brief History; Sources of the Western Tradition, the leading Western Civilization reader; and Sources of Twentieth-Century Europe.本文选自第一章阿诺德汤因比和西方传统（1996）由马尔文·佩里，是一位退休的历史学教授在巴鲁克大学，纽约城市大学。