浅谈英语四种主要文体的写作应用

浅谈英语四种主要文体的写作应用
浅谈英语四种主要文体的写作应用

2020年高考英语作文应用文写作--祝贺信

2020年高考英语作文应用文写作--祝贺信 1.假定你是李华,你的美国朋友Peter最近在某电视台举办的汉语演讲比赛中获得第一名,他给了你重要的人生启迪。请写信向他表示祝贺与感谢。 注意: 1.词数80左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 第一稿 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 第二稿(第一稿的基础上修改语法错误,替换词汇、短语及句式) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

英语实用文体写作系列 4便条

Unit 4 便条(Short Note) 一、写作技巧 便条(Short Note),或称便签或便笺,是一种简单的书信。便条是对比较熟悉的人的留言,虽然内容简单,但却有其独特的风格。主要目的是为了尽快的把最新的信息、通知、要求或者活动的时间、地点转告给对方。常见的便条有收条、欠条、留言和请假条等。 便条写作(Note Writing)实际上与书信写作(Letter Writing)大致相似,但有三点主要不同:1. 便条较随便,因此语气通常更轻松,格式和语言都是如此。2. 通常便条较短,应言简意赅,这意味着你必须略去冗余信息。便条写起来往往更具个性化,通常语言更接近口语,更直接。具体说来,有以下特点: 便条可以有题目,也可以省略题目。 便条开篇须有称呼语,但称呼可以比较随便。 日期部分可写在便条的右上角。 日期的签署通常只需写星期几或星期几的上午、下午,也可只写上午或下午和具体时间。只写日期也可以。 便条结尾须署上留条人的姓名,位置在正文的右下角。 便条的形式和内容简洁,故可以用几句话概括。 文内语言尽量通俗口语化,简单扼要,直截了当,无需使用客套语言(In a roundabout way )。 便条虽简单,但中心务必突出,更要注明活动的时间及地点。 便条不需邮寄,不用信封。通常请人代为转交。有时可写在留言板和留言簿上。 基本写作格式 便条内容和类型不尽相同,可以灵活变通。但各类便条必须包括以下几个基本要素:1)Date:便条日期;2)Salutation:称呼;3)Body:正文;4)Signature:署名。 注意月份的全拼及缩略形式。月份的缩略形式为:Jan., Feb., Mar., Apr., May,June, July, Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec.。 二、经典范文 (一)收据(receipt) 收据种类很多,有收条、借据、订阅单、订货单等,是在跟对方发生钱和物的关系时写给对方作为凭据的条子,起书面证据作用。在写借据、收条时,写字据的日期写于右上角,然后写明是“借”还是“收到”,“借”、“还”钱或物的名称和数量。立据人写于右下角。不得涂改。 例一:借款 To Mr. Charles Green,

英语作文常用文体的写作知识[1]

常用文体的写作知识 1.描写文(description):描写文就是用生动、形象的语言把人物的状态和动作、景物的性质和特征具体地描绘出来,描写人时 则刻画人物的肖像、语言、行为、心理活动及生活细节。描写景物时则用时间与空间顺序的安排方式展开文章段落。描写文中每一段只能表达一种思想或主题的一部分。请读这段文章。(由于篇幅有限,每种类型的文章只取一个段落为例。) It was noon. The hot sun above was bright. It made the temperature rise. On the road all was quite. There were few cars to be seen. There were even fewer people about. The shops alongside the road were wide open. Their bamboo shades were rolled down to keep out the blazing sun. There was no wind at all. The pavement way, though shady, was stuffy. Even the shopkeepers seemed affected by this mid –day heat and stuffiness. They looked bored and unwilling to serve the few occasional customers. 这是一段描写文。在读文章之前要求读者带着问题阅读:①段落的中心思想是什么?②段落是采用什么方法描写的?不难发现,段落的中心思想是描写某一天中午的高温、闷热的情景。作者采用由上到下、由远到近的空间顺序的方法描写。文章中用火热的太阳、道路安静、车辆稀少、为挡住阳光,商店的竹窗帘落下来、店主不愿接待顾客等情景的描写生动地衬托了段落的中心思想。2.记叙文(narration):记叙文叙述过去发生的事情,着重写事或人。其要素是五“何”原则,即在写作中必须交待清楚五个方面的内容:何时、何地、何人、何事以及何如。记叙文主要是按时间顺序陈述事件,中心思想是通过陈述、举例、解释及细节来说明。文章段落的中心思想可能是段落的任何一个句子或暗示。请读下面题为“My 35 Years In China”记述文章的开头段落,并注意体会文章的开头方式和展开手法: There is a saying in China that “Time flies like an arrow.” When I came to China the People’s Republic of China had just been born. Today, the new China has proudly celebrated her 35 th anniversary and now stands in full splendor and looks to the world with confidence. Meanwhile time has turned me from a strong 40-year-old into a gray-haired old man. This year marks 75 th birthday as well as 35 th year that I have been living and working in China. In that time I have lived in this fascinating land and shared joys and suffering with Chinese people, so that in my old age I can proudly say “the longer I live in China, the younger my heart become.” 这段文章的目的是通过时间顺序、举例对比的写作手法–––从中华人民共和国成立到如今中国面对全世界,骄傲地庆祝35周年纪念日;从一位四十岁的中年人变成了两鬓灰白的老人,感觉光阴似箭的心情。文章的中心思想是围绕着中国生活的35年时光过得很快而写成的。 又如:一九八八年六月全国四级统考的作文,题目是:An Early Morning Walk。这是一篇属于记叙文体裁的文章,要求学生写出“我”由起床开始到去公园以及在公园所见所闻的全过程。在第三段中,还要求写出自己的思想,对早上安静的环境的叙述以及对公园所见的情况给以具体的描述。见下面参考范文: An Early Morning Walk

高级英语文体分析

A Brief Stylistic Analysis on “ Mohamed Elbaradei’s Nobel Lecture for 2005” 外语系09级师范二班徐仲良11号 Abstract: On October 7, 2005, ElBaradei and the IAEA were announced as joint recipients of the Nobel Peace Prize for their "efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy, for peaceful purposes, is used in the safest possible way." ElBaradei donated all of his winnings to building orphanages in Cairo. The IAEA's winnings are being spent to train scientists from developing countries to use nuclear techniques in combating cancer and malnutrition. ElBaradei is the fourth Egyptian to receive the Nobel Prize, following Anwar Sadat (1978 in Peace), Naguib Mahfouz (1988 in Literature), and Ahmed Zewail (1999 in Chemistry). In his Nobel lecture, ElBaradei said that the changing landscape of nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament may be defined by the emergence of an extensive black market in nuclear material and equipment, the proliferation of nuclear weapons and sensitive nuclear technology, and the stagnation in nuclear disarmament. To combat proliferation, ElBaradei has suggested keeping nuclear and radiological material out of the hands of extremist groups, tightening control over the operations for producing the nuclear material that could be used in weapons, and accelerating disarmament efforts.[71]ElBaradei also stated that only one percent of the money spent to develop new weapons would be enough to feed the entire world and that, if we hope to escape self destruction, nuclear weapons should have no place in our collective conscience and no role in our security

英语正式文体与非正式文体的区别

英语正式文体与非正式文体的区别

老师在批改学生作文时,普遍有一种感觉:学生的作文大多用词简单、结构松散,从语体角度分析,正式程度都较低,呈口语化的倾向。很多同学在写作时都忽略了大作文对正式文体的要求。正式文体与非正式文体的区别表现在用词、语法上。 以2009年的大作文为例,该作文为图画作文,图画是一张蜘蛛网上有很多人上网。图画中的中文提示词为:互联网的“远与近”,题目给出的要求是考生简要描述图画,阐明其含义,并发表评论。下面特意选择了考生大作文中普遍存在的非正式用语,并给出相应的正式用语进行比较。 两种文体在语言特征上的主要差异首先表现在用词上,体现在以下几个方面: 1. 正式文体常使用正式用语,非正式文体则常使用非正式用语,这两类不同的用语是在长期的使用过程中被约定俗成地固定下来的。比如以下非正式用语一栏中的词汇在考生大作文中普遍存在,可修改为右栏正式用语中的表达: 具体而言,源于法语、拉丁语、希腊语的词语多用于正式文体;源于古英语的词语则多用于非正式文体。试比较: We should investigate the root cause of the problem. We should look into the root cause of the problem. Investigate源于拉丁语,属正式文体用语,而look into是古英语词汇成分,属非正式文体用语。 2. 现代英语中的缩略词及缩约词多用于非正式文体,其相应的非缩略或非缩约形式则常出现在正式文体中。很多考生都忽略了这一区别,以下非正式用语栏中的表达都是从考生大作文中选出的,可修改为右栏正式用语中的表达。

深圳中考英语作文应用文体 范文1

作文1 简要描述图片,并谈谈你对学生在业余时间参加过多的补习和培训的看法。 内容要点: 1.描述文字说明: 1)学生被迫上很多补习班 2)无兴趣可言 2.议论文字说明: 1)太多的补习班是浪费时间 2)学习要有兴趣 3)家长不要强迫孩子参加补习 4)表达希望 Look at this picture,you will understand better “Too much work makes Jack a dull boy”. He has to go to so many training classes besides his school classes. Life is no fun at all for him. Holidays and weekends have become dull work-days. He is too tired to learn these lessons well with no interest. In my opinion, spare-time training courses are a waste of time for many students. They might do better when they show interest in what they are learning. Please don’t force these students to do what they are not willing to, and when learning is fun, surely they will do better than we expect! 1

英语实用文体写作系列 建议信

建议信 建议信开头段常用句式和套话 I am writing in reply to… I would like to suggest that… I am writing with my suggestion proposal about… I am writing to express my views concerning… You have asked me for my advice with regard to…and I will try to make some c onducive suggestions. 表达建议常用句式和套话 I feel that it would be beneficial if… I would like to suggest that… I would recommend that… If I were you, I would… You may consider doing… It would seem to me that you could… As you may agree that… 建议信结尾常用句式和套话 I hope you will find these suggestions/proposals/recommendations helpful/practical/ useful. I trust you will take my suggestion into account. I would be more than happy to see improvements in this regard. I would be ready to discuss this matter to further details. ★例: Directions: You have a friend who is about to enter university, and he wants you to advise him on which subject to specialize in--history, in which he is very interested, or computer science, which offers better job prospects. Write a letter: 1) explaining what he could do, 2) why he could do this, and 3) wishing him luck with his studies. You should write with no less than 100 words on Answer Sheet 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. 范文: Dear John, You asked for advice concerning whether you should study history or computer science at university. I will try making some suggestions. University is preparation for your career. You should consider studying a subject which will best equip you to earn a living. Computer science offers more job opportunities than history. We are now in a high-tech age. For the foreseeable future, it would be necessary for everyone to be equipped with computer skills merely to earn a living! Of course, you don't have to devote all your time at university to studying computers and nothing else. I would recommend that you continue reading of history in your spare time. That way, you will find that your leisure hours are enriched while you prepare yourself for a worthwhile career in computer science. Whatever you decide to do, good luck with you studies!

高考英语作文的十四种常见文体

英语高考作文的十四种常见文体 (一) 建议信 假如你是李华,你的英国朋友David是一名在你所在城市的交换生,他参加了当地帮助残疾儿童的志愿者活动。六一儿童节期间,他想给一些残疾儿童送上一些礼物,发来邮件询问他送给他们什么礼物合适。请用下面要点写一篇短文回复,并表示感激。 1.感谢他尽己所能去帮助残疾儿童; 2.说明自己也在帮助一位行走有闲难的残 疾儿童,所以决定和他一起去; 3.建议送些水果或儿童书籍等,并说明理由注意:1.词数120左右 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 Dear David, I'm grateful that you want to do what you can to help the disabled children. Reading your email,I'm so moved that I' ve made up my mind to see the disabled children on Children's Day with you. As you know.I'm assisting a disabled child who has trouble walking. As to what presents are the best choice, it's really a matter of personal preference.I'd like to recommend sending the children some fruits or some books. On the one hand, not only are fruits good for children's health, but it is also convenient to carry. On the other hand, disabled as they are, all of them,I think, are eager to study. Therefore, books may also be a good choice. Anyway, whether you choose fruits, some books or other presents, it's obvious that you' ll be appreciated by those disabled children. Yours sincerely, Li Hua

英语实用文体写作系列 范例讲解

英语应用文范例讲解 应用文(包括信签、便签、备忘录等)写作是全国硕士研究生入学考试从2005年新增加的考试形式,旨在考察考生准确和恰当运用英语语言的能力,符合中国英语语言教学的发展趋势和时代要求。 根据考试大纲的要赤诚,考生的作文必须很好地完成试题规定的任务。包括所有的要点;使用丰富的语法结构和词汇;语言自然流畅,语法错误较少;有效地采用了多种衔接的手法,文字连贯,层次清晰;格式与语域恰当贴切。对目标读者完全产生预期的效果。(指在书面和口头表达中根据不同的交际对象,所采用的话语方式,即正式、一般、非正式的话语等)。书信和信件是交往中常用的方式,也是考试中应该准备的学习内容。先将写信应该注意的问题作一个简单的说明。先将写书信应该注意的问题作一个简单的说明。 一:信头(Heading) 指发信人的单位名称、地址、发信日期。考试时候不要求写出。 格式:从信纸的上部中央往右写,第一行写单位名称,第三行写门牌号码、街名,第三行写市名、省名、国名,第四行写发信日期。学生写信时第一行写班级名称,第二行写学校名称,第三行写市、省名,第五行写国家名称,第六行写发信日期。国内信件国名可以不写。二:信内地址(Inside Address) 指收信人的姓名、单位和地址。考试时候不要求写出。 格式:信头下隔一二行,从左边开始写,第一行写姓名、头衔,第二行写单位名称,第三行写门牌号及路名,第四行写市名、省名及邮政号码,第五行写国名。 商业往来信件及公函必须写信头和地址。亲友、熟人之间的信可不写信内地址,信头处写发信日期就行了。 三:称呼(Salutation) 格式:信内地址下隔一二行写称呼,其左要与信内地址第一行对齐。对不相识的男子,单数常用“Sir”, “Dear Sir”, 或“My Dear Sir”;复数常用“Dear Sirs” 或“Gentlemen”。对女子,单数常用“Madam”,“Dear Madam”或“My Dear Madam”;复数常用“Mesdames”或“My Dear Mesdames”;对比较熟识的男子,普通称“Dear Mr. ……”; 女性通常称“Dear Mrs. (或Miss)……”。熟人和亲人常直呼其名,不用姓氏(以“Dear”为例):1)“Dear David”;2)“My dear David”;3)“My David”4)“My dearest David”;5)“My Dearest”;6)“Darling David”;7)“My Darling”;8)“My very own darling”等。有头衔的可把头衔写放在名字前,如“Prof Wang”,“Dr Lin”等。 四:正文(Body of Letter) 格式:称呼下面隔两行开始写正文。每段第一个字母要缩进3至5个字母的空格。正文是信的主要部分,内容要简单明了,一般不用同汉语信一样的“你好(how are you?)”之类的词。五:结束语(Complimentary Close) 结束语是写信人对收信人的谦称,写在正文下面二三行处,从中间写起,第一个词不达意的开头字母要大写,末尾用逗号。给不相识的人可用: “Yours truly”或“Truly yours” “Yours faithfully”或“Faithfully yours” “Yours Sincerely”或“Sincerely yours” 给上级或长者可用: “Yours respectfully” 或“Respectfully yours” “Yours obediently”或“Obediently yours” “Yours”, “Yours ever”, “Ever yours”, “Yours as ever”或“Yours sincerely”

各种文体的特点及翻译策略

一、旅游文本的特点及翻译策略 特点:(1)汉语旅游文体常引经据典,而英语则直扣主题; (2)汉语旅游文体多用华丽的修辞,而英语则用客观描述; (3)汉语旅游文体大量使用四字结构,而英语则善于用树杈性结构。 策略:1、适当的增译,添加适当的理解原文内容所必需的背景知识; 2、偏译法,在不损害原文内容的前提下,不拘泥于原文,对不不符合译文语言表达习惯的语句、语 序进行必要的结构性改动和调整,重新组合编辑,使译文更好的适应外国游客的审美心理。 二、科技文本的特点及翻译策略 特点:1、词汇大量使用专业术语;非限定动词的使用,多用纯科技词汇、通用科技词汇、派生词和缩略词; 2、句法,多名词化结构,广泛使用被动语态; 3、语篇,大量使用条件句、省略句,多用长句和复合句; 4、修辞,常用单调且出现频率较低的修辞,时态变化较少。 策略:1、强调术语翻译的准确性和专业性; 2、科技文英语时态变化不明显,故汉译英时多采用一般现在时; 3、科技文较少使用人称句,而是大量使用被动语态,翻译时应进行必要的时态转换。 常用的翻译法:增译法,省略法,此类转换法,结构调整法。 三、广告文体的特点及翻译策略 特点:1、词汇,用于简单,具有口语化倾向,仿造新词,使用缩略语; 2、句法,多用简单句,口语性强,多用并列结构,较少使用主从结构,少否定,多祈使 3、多用修辞(比喻、拟人、排比、押韵、反复、双关) 4、语篇,多并列,少主从。 策略:1、翻译时应考虑文化背景不同和审美习惯的差异,遵从“从主原则”,即“客从主便,入乡随俗” 2、翻译时不必拘泥于语言层面的对应,而应力求功能相似,效果相似,一般采用直译、意译、省译、 创译等译法。 四、文学文本的特点及翻译策略 特点:1、词汇,丰富多次啊,模糊性和不确定性,给读者广阔的想象空间; 2、句法,大量修辞增强了语言的艺术性和音乐性,遣词造句体现作家写作风格; 3、修辞,使用大量修辞(比喻、你人、夸张、排比、双管、反语、反拟、回环、委婉) 4、语篇,由单个的“象”如事物、动作、场景、情节等就可产生一个完整的意境—意象结构—借物抒情。策略:1、疑问的语言应具有形象、生动、抒情、象征性和韵律感等特征; 2、不求形似,但求神似,风格再现; 3、译文应具有信息功能、表情功能和美感功能。 五、新闻文体的特点及翻译策略 特点:1、词汇,常用具有新闻色彩的词,且用词新奇,大量缩略词、临时词、次一转变及旧词新意; 2、句法,使用简短句;直接引语和间接引语大量使用; 3、语篇,较多使用省略句和扩张的简单句,用一般现在时和现在进行时;已提供事实或消息为目的, 避免使用带有个人感情或倾向性的语言;时态不求一致,往往主句用动词过去式,从句使用一般现在时。 策略:1、直译,一定要与原文取向一致,切不可自作主张; 2、翻译中适当添加注释行词语; 3、尽量再现原文修辞特点; 4、增译,使意义完整; 5、套用中外诗词熟句。

英语正式文体与非正式文体的区别

老师在批改学生作文时,普遍有一种感觉:学生的作文大多用词简单、结构松散,从语体角度分析,正式程度都较低,呈口语化的倾向。很多同学在写作时 都忽略了大作文对正式文体的要求。正式文体与非正式文体的区别表现在用词、语法上。 以2009年的大作文为例,该作文为图画作文,图画是一张蜘蛛网上有很多人上网。图画中的中文提示词为:互联网的“远与近”,题目给出的要求是考生简 要描述图画,阐明其含义,并发表评论。下面特意选择了考生大作文中普遍存 在的非正式用语,并给出相应的正式用语进行比较。 两种文体在语言特征上的主要差异首先表现在用词上,体现在以下几个方面: 1.正式文体常使用正式用语,非正式文体则常使用非正式用语,这两类不同的用语是在长期的使用过程中被约定俗成地固定下来的。比如以下非正式用语一 栏中的词汇在考生大作文中普遍存在,可修改为右栏正式用语中的表达: 具体而言,源于法语、拉丁语、希腊语的词语多用于正式文体;源于古英语的 词语则多用于非正式文体。试比较: We should investigate the root cause of the problem. We should look into the root cause of the problem. Investigate源于拉丁语,属正式文体用语,而look into是古英语词汇成分,属非正式文体用语。 2. 现代英语中的缩略词及缩约词多用于非正式文体,其相应的非缩略或非缩约形式则常出现在正式文体中。很多考生都忽略了这一区别,以下非正式用语栏 中的表达都是从考生大作文中选出的,可修改为右栏正式用语中的表达。

Informl: People can’t put up with the alienation brought by the Internet.3. 很多考生使用了很多短语动词,而这正是非正式文体的一大特征,正式文体则常用与之同义的单个动词。试比较: Formal: Individuals cannot tolerate the alienation brought by the Internet. Informal: In this day and age, many people can make use of the Internet via computers or mobile phones. Formal: In this day and age, many individuals can utilise the Internet via computers or mobile phones. 两种文体在语言特征上的第二类主要差异体现在语法上,具体包括以下几个方面: 1.在构成比较句型时,很多考生选择使用了人称代词的宾格形式,其实使用人称代词的主格形式要显得更正式些。 Informal: He spent more time playing computer games than me. Formal: He spent more time playing computer games than I. 2.在表达“让步”概念时,很多考生选择使用的but, anyway, all the same, though, although等为非正式文体常用词语表达。正式文体则常使用yet, however, nevertheless, in spite of (despite), notwithstanding等词 语, Informal: He tried to overcome his addiction to the Internet, but he failed. Formal: He endeavoured to overcome his addiction to the Internet; however, it turned out to be a failure. 3.在构成“方式状语”时,很多考生偏爱使用副词,而这正是非正式文体常用的表达方式,正式文体则常用介词和与该副词同根的词构成的介词短语: Informal: It’s very important to….

考研英语作文应用文系列之祝贺信模板

考研英语作文应用文系列之祝贺信模板 一、信函写作:称呼、正文、落款 1、审题—-判断是个人书信&事务公函 决定: 语域使用:正式:使用礼貌表达,不用缩略语(对公) 半正式:可以使用缩略和口语表达(对私) 非正式:(一般不考)——It depends 呼语:特定的写信对象:Dear XX 不明确收信人:Dear Sir/Madam, or To Whom It May Concern 2、正文 三段(8句):写作目的段、细化段、感谢或者期待。 3、各种信函内容安排 6)祝贺信 A.基本结构 Dear…., 表示祝贺,为之高兴; 祝贺缘由,劳有所获; 寄予期望,取得更大成就; 再次祝贺。 Yours sincerely, Li Ming B.范文解析 Dear Zhang Jian,

I am just as proud as you can be of you and send my sincerest congratulations on your admission to Beijing University as a postgraduate. During the past four years, you kept improving and devoted yourself into your major study. I am delighted that the four years of your study has been rewarded in this way. It is obvious that you will have a promising future in front of you. Congratulations again. I wish you will make great achievement in you future study and life. I am looking forward to hearing more good news in your studies and research work. Yours sincerely, Li Ming C.祝贺信框架 Dear XX, I am just as proud as you can be of you and send my sincerest congratulations on…. Du ring the past four years, you kept improving and devoted yourself into…. I am delighted that the four years of your effort has been rewarded in this way. It is obvious that you will have a promising future in front of you. Congratulations again. I wish you will make great achievement in you future study and life. I am looking forward to hearing more good news in your studies and research work. Yours sincerely, Li Ming

常用文体写作作业

常用文体写作作业

.市场预测报告是在市场调查的基础上,运用科学的方法对未来一段时间和一定范围内市场供求状况的经 济发展趋势作出预测的一种商情调研类 (填空 ) 2.析因实验 是一种由已知结果去寻求未知原因的实验。 (填空 ) 3.学术论文的写作要领中提到,署名 (填空 ) 4.不写或少写具体工作的内容,而将行文的重点放在分析工作得失、梳理经验教训、摸索事物发展规律方面。这样的总结主体部分的表述方式属于( )。 (单选 ) A.两段式写法 B.概述式写法 C.经验式写法 D.阶段式写法 5.某工厂的QC成果报告属于( )。 (单选 ) A.专题研究报告 B.科技成果总结报告 C.科学实验报告 D.科技试验报告 6.介于科技论文和科技综述之间的科研文体文章是( )。 (单选 ) A.专题研究报告 B.综合研究报告 C.实地调研报告 D.可行性研究报告 7.学术论文的写作要领中提到,在缺少检索工具或检索工具不够齐全的情况下,可以充分利用何种检索方法( )。 (单选 ) A.追溯法

B.常用法 C.循环法 D.都不对 8.总结的种类按内容分包括( )。 (多选 ) A.工作总结 B.生产总结 C.学习总结 D.个人总结 9.简报的基本特点包括( )。 (多选 ) A.简明性 B.及时性 C.典型性 D.灵活性 10.按照研究报告的写作目的及其内容特征来看,可以划分为( )。 (多选 ) A.学术性论文 B.技术性论文 C.综述性论文 D.创新性论文 11.招标书的主体要写明招标的目的和招标单位的基本情况。 (判断 ) 正确错误 12.答谢词的重点在于向对方表达诚挚感谢之意,对主人的盛情款待予以高度评价,对交往活动的结果表示满意和赞赏,对自己的收获给予充分肯定。 (判断 )

英语作文之应用文体

For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use 英语作文之应用文体 一.作文类型:感谢信(thanks),祝贺信(congratulation),道歉信(apology),邀请信(invitation) 倡导信(建议信)(suggestion); 投诉信(complaint),询问信(inquiry)请求信(require)婉拒信(decline),求职信(application),推荐信(recommendation),公告(notice)备忘(memo), 二.作文格式:三三原则1.三个逗号;2.三个段落;3.三个永恒 1.三永恒:Jan.9th, 2011, Dear XX, Yours, 2.三逗号:日期中,称呼后,署名后 3.三段式:首段说明写信意愿和目的+第二段展开内容+末端呼应首段,再一次强调写信用 意,并表达祝愿。 三.作文格式注意事项: 1.日期的格式和位置;-----Jan.9th,2011 在右上角 2.称呼的格式:Dear Sir, Dear Madam Helen, Dear John, Dear Professor Smith, 男士:Mr. 女士:Mrs./ Ms./Miss 教授、博士:Prof./Dr. 市长,法官,议员,其他高官:Hon.(Honorable,尊敬的) 编辑:Editor 不清楚对方姓名:Dear Sir/Sirs, Dear Madam/Madams, Dear Sir or Madam, To Whom It May Concern, 3. 署名的格式:右下角,Yours sincerely, Sincerely yours, Sincerely, 4.正文开头空四格 A letter of Congratulations Jan.10th, 2011 Dear Jack, I am so delighted to hear that you have just been admitted into the prestigious Peking University. Please accept my heartiest congratulations to you! This is a special moment for you and all the friends as well as relatives, and I do want to share the happiness with you. After years of hard and creative work and study, you have finally got what you really deserve. I’m convinced that this will be a new beginning, a chance for you to embrace a broader future. I wish you good luck and keep pursuing a brighter future. Sincerely yours, Li Ming 英语作文书信类八大模板解析 1:建议信 Dear ___________,

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