定语从句和其他句型的相互转换
定语从句与状语从句的替换方式
定语从句与状语从句的替换方式定状从句简述在学习英语从句的过程中，我们经常会遇到两种常见的从句，即定语从句和状语从句。
定语从句用来修饰名词或代词，在句中充当定语的作用；而状语从句则用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，起到状语的作用。
在实际应用中，我们有时可以灵活地将定语从句转换为状语从句，或者将状语从句转换为定语从句，以达到语言表达的多样性和准确性。
替换方式一：使用非限制性定语从句替换状语从句状语从句通常对于叙述句的主要内容进行补充和解释，而非限制性定语从句的作用也正是如此。
因此，我们可以将某些状语从句替换为非限制性定语从句，以增强语言表达的连贯性和流畅度。
例如：状语从句：As I was walking home, I saw a shooting star.非限制性定语从句：I saw a shooting star, as I was walking home.这里，我们将状语从句"As I was walking home"转换为非限制性定语从句形式，使得句子结构更加紧凑，语义更加清晰。
替换方式二：使用单词或短语替换状语从句有时，我们可以用单词或短语来替换状语从句，以简化句子结构或减少重复的表达。
例如：状语从句：Because it was raining, we stayed indoors.替换为：Due to the rain, we stayed indoors.这里，我们用"due to"这个短语替换了状语从句"because it was raining"，使得句子更加简洁，并保持了原本的语义。
替换方式三：使用分词或不定式替换状语从句分词和不定式有时可以用来替换状语从句，以减少冗余的表达或使句子更加简练。
例如：状语从句：After he finished his homework, he went to bed.替换为：Having finished his homework, he went to bed.这里，我们使用现在分词"having finished"替换了状语从句"after he finished his homework"，使得句子更加简洁而不失准确性。
语法定语从句和状语从句的转换
语法定语从句和状语从句的转换定语从句和状语从句是英语语法中常见的两种从句结构。
它们在句子中起到不同的修饰作用。
本文将探讨语法定语从句和状语从句的转换，以帮助读者更好地理解和使用这两种从句结构。
一、什么是语法定语从句和状语从句定语从句是一种用来修饰名词或代词的从句，起到限定或补充说明的作用。
语法定语从句通常由关系代词（如that, which, who）或关系副词（如when, where, why）引导，它们在从句中担任主语、宾语或表语等成分。
状语从句则是一种用来修饰动词、形容词或副词的从句，起到表达时间、原因、条件、目的、结果等不同状语关系的作用。
状语从句通常由各类连词（如when, because, if, so that）引导。
二、从定语从句到状语从句的转换虽然定语从句和状语从句在结构和功能上有所区别，但它们之间可以进行转换。
下面的例子将详细解释这两种从句的转换关系。
1. 从定语从句转换为时间状语从句定语从句可以用来修饰表示时间的名词，如"The day when I met her was unforgettable."（我遇见她的那一天是令人难忘的）。
如果要将这个定语从句转换为时间状语从句，可以改写为"When I met her, it was unforgettable."（当我遇见她的时候，那是令人难忘的）。
2. 从定语从句转换为条件状语从句定语从句还可以用来修饰表示条件的名词，如"The situation where there is no choice is difficult."（没有选择的情况是困难的）。
将这个定语从句转换为条件状语从句时，可以改写为"If there is no choice, the situation is difficult."（如果没有选择，情况就会困难）。
3. 从定语从句转换为目的状语从句定语从句可以修饰表示目的的名词，如"The reason why he went to the party was to meet new friends."（他去派对的原因是结交新朋友）。
定语从句与非谓语转换的例子
定语从句与非谓语的转换定语从句与非谓语转换的经典例子Replace the underlined part with ing/ ed / to do1. The computer centerwhich was openedlast year, is very popular among the students. in the school.转换为The computer centeropenedlast year, is very popular among the students. in the school.2. Most of the artistswho were invited tothe party were from South Africa.转换为Most of the artistsinvited tothe party were from South Africa.3. There was a terrible noisewhich followed the sudden burst of light.转换为There was a terrible noisefollowing the sudden burst of light.4. Do you know the boywho is lying under the big tree转换为Do you know the boylying under the big tree5. Are you going to attend the meetingwhich will be heldtomorrow转换为Are you going to attend the meetingto be heldtomorrow6. I like most of the bookswhich are publishedin this publishing house.转换为I like most of the bookspublishedin this publishing house.7. This is one of the questionswhich are being discussedat the meeting now.转换为This is one of the questionsbeing discussedat the meeting now.8. Would you please give me a piece of paperwhich I can write on转换为Would you please give me a piece of paperto write on9.The next trainwhich will arriveis from Washington.转换为The next trainarrivingis from Washington.分词作前置定语We can see the rising sun.正在升起的太阳Look at the sleeping baby. So cute.Watch out that a moving lorry移动的卡车Don’t eat too many like fried chicken legsHe is a retired worker. 退休的工人主动的情况I know a man who works in that factory.I know a man working in that factory.I know a man who is working in that factory.I know a man working in that factory.I know a man who worked in that factory.I know a man working in that factory.The girl who sits beside me is my cousin.The girl sitting beside me is was my cousinThe girl who is sitting beside me is my cousin.The girl sitting beside me is was my cousinThe girl who sat beside me was my cousin.The girl sitting beside me is was my cousin.结论先行词与现在分词有主动关系,定语从句转换成现在分词短语做后置定语,有主动或进行的意思;She bought a computer which was produced in China.She bought a computer produced in China.He received a letter which was written in English.He received a letter written in English.结论：先行词与现在分词有被动关系,定语从句转换成过去分词短语做后置定语,有被动或完成的意思;不定式作定语,常置于被修饰的名词或代词之后;He was the last one to leave school yesterday.Tom has a lot of work to do.。
定语从句与名词性从句的互换
定语从句与名词性从句的互换一、定语从句和名词性从句由于表达意思的需要,有时可以互相转换.大致有下面三种情况：〔1〕定语从句与表语从句的互换That's the thing that we're worrying about.〔定语从句〕That's what we're worrying about.〔表语从句〕那就是我们正在担忧的事.Thisisthewayshedid it.〔定语从句〕Thisishowshedidit.〔表语从句〕这就是她做这件事的方法.This is the reason why we must go now.〔定语从句〕Thisiswhywe must gonow.〔表语从句〕这就是我们现在该走的理由.Thatistheplace whereXiao Lin wasborn.〔定语从句〕That is where Xiao Lin was born.〔表语从句〕那就是小林出生的地方.〔2〕定语从句与宾语从句的互换Idon't knowthereason whyshe is so happy.〔定语从句〕Idon't knowwhyshe is sohappy.〔宾语从句〕我不知道她为什么这样快乐.Heshowed metheplace wherehe used to live.〔定语从句〕Heshowed mewhere he usedto live.〔宾语从句〕他带我看了他曾经住过的地方.Do you know the date when Wuhan was liberated 〔定语从句〕Do you know when Wuhan was liberated〔宾语从句〕11 你知道武汉是什么时候解放的吗〔3〕定语从句与主语从句的互换The thing that we need is more time.〔定语从句〕What we need is more time.〔主语从句〕我们所需要的是更多的时间.The time when they will start out has not been decided yet.〔定语从句〕When they will start out has not been decided yet.〔主语从句〕他们什么时候动身还没有决定下来.The reason why he did it wasn't quite clear.〔定语从句〕Why he did it wasn't quite clear.〔主语从句〕他为什么做那件事还不很清楚.The place where she lives is not known yet.〔定语从句〕Where she lives is not known yet.〔主语从句〕她住在什么地方,大家还不知道.二、学习定语从句应注意的几个问题〔1〕定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性定语从句中关系代词一般应与它所指代的先行词的单复数保持主谓一致.例如：The students who were here just now are from No,2 Senior Middle School.但注意以下一组句子：Heistheonly one of the studentswho was herejust now.Heisoneof the students who werehere just now.如果"one of +复数名词"后跟有定语从句,一般情况下"one of"后的复数名词为先行词,但当one前有the only,the very,just the修饰时,先行词那么为one.22 (2)定语从句与强调结构It is the place where they lived before.第一个句子为定语从句,where指代the place,在定语从句中作状语,第二个句子为强调结构,强调in the place,that没有意义,把in the place放回后面句子,句子意思完整.Where is it that he found the lost watch(强调句型,强调疑问副词 where).Where is the watch that he found yesterday.(定语从句,that 指代 the watch) (3)定语从句与并列结构He has two sons,neither of whom looks like him.He has two sons.and neither of them 100ks like him.I've got two of them are in Shanghai.第一个句子为定语从句,关系代词whom指代two sons,在定语从句中作介词of的宾语.第二个句子为并列结构,由并列连词and连接,人称代词them指代two sons.第三个为两个独立的句子,两个句子中间用句号,两句开头的处一个字母都大写.(4)定语从句与状语从句Hefoundthebookswhere he hadput.Hefoundthebooksin the placewherehe had put.第—个句子为状语从句,where hehadput作主句He found thebooks的地点状语.第二个句子为定语从句,where引导从句修饰the place.This is such an interestingbookthat I'd like to readit.This is such an interestingbookas I'd like to read.第一个句子为结果状语从句,在结果状语从句中,it指代book,作read的宾语.第二个句子为定语从句,关系代词as指代先行词book的定语从句中read的宾语.(5)定语从句中的先行词33Is this book the one that you bought yesterdayIs this the book that you bought yesterday第一个句子中,this book是主句的主语,the one是先行词.在第二个句子中this 是主句的主语,the book是先行词.一定要防止出现：Is this book that you bought yesterday 〔6〕定语从句与同位语从句名词,它对其前面的词给予说明或作进一步解释,即说明该词所表示的具体内容.例如：The news that we heard is not true.〔定语从句〕The news that he won the prize is not true.〔同位语从句〕另：在"have no idea+从句〞结构中,其从句都作idea的同位语.例如：I have no idea when she will be back.三、把握定语从句中的时空概念在定语从句的运用中,当其先行词表示时间或空间概念时,有些学生很容易想当然地用关系副词when或where引导,而没有具体情况具体处理.所以,应注意以下几点.〔1〕从逻辑意义上讲,只有从句中的谓语动词与该先行词构成动状〔时间、地点〕关系时, 才能用when或where引导从句；或视不同情况以prep.+which代之.例如： 1、 This is the country where/in which Edison was born.〔动状关系〕2、I'll never forget the year when/in which the terrible earthquake happened.〔动状关系〕3、England was one of the places from which the settlers moved to America.〔动状关系〕〔2〕从逻辑意义上看,当从句中的谓语动词与该类先行词有主谓关系或动宾关系时,那么以which/that 或 prep.+which 引导从句.4、Please follow the custom of the country which/that you are going44to visit.〔动宾关系〕5、For ever I'll remember the year that/which brought me happy memory.〔主谓关系〕6、He is going to work in Tibet which/that is far away from HebeiProvince.〔主谓关系〕〔3〕从逻辑意义上讲,当从句中作主语的名词与先行词存在所属关系时,那么用词whose.8、Generally,we refer to the time whose speed is unchanged.〔所属关系〕浅述主动式定语从句的简化一、定语从句简化英语表达方式是相当灵活的,为了表达言简意赅,使表达简洁明快,常用一定的语法手段把句子加以简化,定语从句被简化成简单句就是常见的一种.下面简单谈谈主动式定语从句简化的几种情况.〔1〕定语从句中的关系代词为从句主语,其谓语动词是现在进行时,可以用现在分词短语来简化.例如：The man who is teaching us English now graduated from Hubei Univ ersity three years ago.-->The man teaching us...现在教我们英语的老师三年前毕业于湖北大学.但是,如果定语从句动词之后没有介词作状语时,现在分词常置于中央词之前.例如: The countries which are developing should get united.-->The developing countries should...开展中的国家应该团结起来.〔2〕把定语从句简化为现在分词短语有以下几个条件.1、从句的动词和主句的动作的时态的一致.例如：55My father used to work for the neighbours that lived here.--> ...the neighbours living here.我父亲过去常给住在这儿的邻居干活儿.2、从句谓语的动作可以发生在主句谓语动作之前.例如：Can you catch the early bus which will leave at 6:00 this morni ng你能赶上今天早晨六点钟离开的早班汽车吗3、从句和主句的动词和动作都是泛指的.例如：China is a developing country which belongs to the third world.--> ...country belonging to the third world.中国是一个属于第三世界的开展中国家.4、从句谓语动作一发生,主句谓语动词的动作紧接着发生.例如：The man who stole into the bank was caught immediately on the s pot.-->The man stealing into...溜进银行偷窃的那个人被立即当场逮住.(3)如果定语从句中是连系动词be的一般现在时或一般过去时,且表语是介词短语,形容词短语或名词短语,可以把它们简化作中央词的后置定语.例如：The farmers had to fetch water from a river which was a mile a way from the village.-->...a river a mile away from the village.家民们得从离村子一里路远的河里取来水.66The students who were from the Middle School have gathered.--> The students from the Middle school...来自十四中的学生集合好了.(4)定语从句的谓语是表示程度、时间和方式等的副词或副词短语修饰语,可用副词和现在分词(两者之间用连字号)作中央词的前置修饰语.例如：This is a man who works hard.-->This is a hard-working man.这是一位勤奋工作的人.(5)如果定语从句的动词是一个普通名词作宾语时,可用名词和现在分词(二者之间须用连字号)作定语来简化.例如：ThesouthofHubeiisan area whichgrowsrice.TheSorthofHubeiisa rice-growingarea.(6)定语从句中有一系列并列形容词作表语,可简化成简单句,形容词变成中央词的前置定语.例如：A person who is gentle,lovable and familiar is always easy to ge t along with.-->A gentle,lovable and familiar person is always...一位温和,可爱和熟悉的人总是容易相处.(7)如果定语从句的谓语动词与中央词有逻辑上的动宾关系,动状关系和主谓关系时,可以简化成不定式短语作中央词的后置定语.例如：He is a good student with whom you can study.-->...student to study with.他是一位能一起学习的好学生.(8)如果定语从句中有have加宾语被形容词修饰时,可以简化成with短语中央词的后置定语,也可以简化成名词加-ed作前置定语.例如:a girl who has blue eyes——>a girl with blue >a blue-eyed girl二、定语从句典型错误例析1.The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put into my mouth.【析】上句应由关系代词that或which在定语从句中作宾语,已省去.因此, 从句中的宾语it多余.又如:Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland,where he was buried there in 1977Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland,where he was buried in 1977.2.【误】I,who is a Chinese,will do my best for our country.【正】I ,who am a Chinese,will do my best for our country.【析】定语从句中谓语动词的形式应依据先行词的人称和数来确定,保持主谓一致.如: ①Mike is one of the students who know the truth.〔先行词为 students〕②88Mike is the only one of the students who knows the truth.(先行词为the only one)3.【误】All what you have done is not necessary.which you have done is not necessary.【误】Allthat you have done is not necessary.【正】Allwhat 领先行词是不定代词(all,something,anything,nothing,everything 等), 或先行词受形容词最高级,序数词或last,very等词修饰时,关系代词常用that而不用which.如：①This is the most interesting film that have ever seen.They asked him to tell them everything that he saw in the factory.4.【误】I don't know the man with who my brother is talking.【正】I don't know the man with whom my brother is talking.【析】定语从句中,如介词提前,指人时只用whom,指物时只用which:如:The two things about which Marx was not sure were grammar and some of the idioms.5.【误】 He is the very person for whom I am looking.【正】 He is the very person who (whom) I am looking for.【析】有些定语从句中的介词不能提前,如提前从句动词的意义会改变. take care of,look up,look forward to,ask for,make up等短语动词均属此列. 6.China Daily has plenty of advertisements,that help to cut the costsof making the newspaper.China Daily has plenty of advertisements,which help to cut the costs of making the newspaper.【析】在非限制性定语从句中, 指物时用which,不用that.7.I can't remember the things and persons who I met at that time.I can't remember the things and persons that I met at that time.【析】先行词既有人又有物时,定语从句用that引导.定语从句误用辨析1. This is the factory where we visited last week.2. This is the watch for which Li Feng is looking.3. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two.4. The house in that we live is very small.5. Everything which we saw was of great interest.6. I've read all the books which I borrowed from the libra ry.7. This is the best film which I have ever seen.8. My father and Mr Crosset talked of things and persons w ho they remembered in the school.9. This is the same bag like I lost yesterday.10. His dog,that was now very old,became ill and died.11. This is one of the reasons,why you may like to eat it.12. Those who wants to go with me put up your hands.13. The boy,his mother died,studies very hard.14. I have two sisters,both of them are doctors.15. We're going to visit the school where your brother works there16. The captain's head soon appeared out of the second storey wind ows,from which he could see nothing but trees.17. That is the way which they work.18.Those have questions can ask the teachers for advice.19.The news which a new English teacher will come makes us excited.20.As we all know it,he is American.辨析：1、将where改为that或which.定语从句关系代、副词的选择,一看先行词,二看其在从句中的成分.本句中visit是及物动词,which做其宾语.2、把for放在looking之后,当which做短语动词〔即动词和其介词不能分开〕的宾语时, 介词不前置.3、who改为whom,尽管在口语中who、whom都能做宾语,但在介词后只用whom.4、that应为which.that不做介宾.5、which改成that.领先行词有不定代词something,someone,all等时,由that充当关系代词,不用which.6、which 改为 that.领先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little等修饰时,用 that,不用which.7、which换成that.领先行词中有形容词的最高级、序数词,the only、the very等时, 只用that引导.8、who改为that.如果先行词既是人又有物时,那么用that引导定语从句.9、like改为as.领先行词里有the same,such时,用as引导限制性定语从句.10、which代that.that不引导非限制性定语从句.11、去掉逗号.why可以引导定语从句,但不能用于非限制性定语从句.12、wants改为want.定语从句的谓语动词的数应与先行词一致.13、his 改为 whose.14、them改为whom,由both of whom引导非限制定语,或去掉逗号,both大写.15、there多余,去掉.16、from which 改为 from where.which 只表示地点〔place〕,where〔n〕可表示地方, 空间〔space〕.111117、which 改为 that 或 in which. 18、在Those 后添上who,引导定语从句.19、which 改为that.本句是同位语从句,that 不做成分,只起引导作用. 20、去掉it.as 作know 的宾语,以"he is American 〞为先行词.历届高考英语单项选择题精选定语从句9) parents wouldn’t whom heard a terrible the dark street urn for help. let him marrywhosenoise, there wasn t whom anyone family was poor.brought her heart into her single person whom(8she mouth.(91)could t(92)weather expect.living turned out to be very goodwas more than we could(92)i nPairs for fifty years he returned to the smalltownhe grew .Carol personally A. it (99) up as said a child.(96)the work would be done by October. I doubt very much. 12127. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,s.,of course A. whoI bought anpricepricehas alreadylived in English.the wallI metsmile.visitors tower.boss women.whichdon’twaymadeB. ancient beenLondonhung awhich himthe others unhappy.which(2000)Chinese vase pointed outfor 3 monthspicture,wasasked the guidedepartment Msthatlikeprice ofpricegrammarduringcolorfairly often,to take hisKing workedwhoseC. this D .whatwas very reasonable.whichofiswhosenot atimeis blue.I like hispicturetenset of dead rulehe learned somesweet and hopefulstands the famouyears ago look down uponyou speak to her.way in that way which way of whichhad neither a raincoat nor an umbrella I got wet through1313s the reason s whymade another wonderful discoveryof great importance to science. I think is I think it I think it is think which is was very rude to the customs officer, evenworse. of course made things KEYS: 1-5 DBDBB 6-10 DBCAB 11-15 ABBCA 16-18 BAD1414s why s how。
语法名词性从句和定语从句的转换
语法名词性从句和定语从句的转换语法名词性从句和定语从句是英语语法中常见的两种句子结构，它们在使用上有很多相似之处，但也存在一些差异。
本文将重点探讨语法名词性从句和定语从句之间的转换关系。
从句是一个句子的一部分，通常由一个连词引导，并在主句中承担一个特定的句子成分。
在英语中，从句可以分为名词性从句和修饰性从句两种类型。
名词性从句用作其他句子的主语、宾语、表语或补语，而定语从句则用来对一个名词或代词进行修饰。
首先，我们来看一下名词性从句和定语从句的基本结构和特点。
名词性从句通常由连接词that, whether, if, who, whom, whose, which, what, why, how等引导，连接词后面跟随一个完整的句子。
定语从句通常由关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that或关系副词where, when, why等引导，连接词后面跟随一个修饰性的句子。
名词性从句和定语从句之间的转换主要涉及从句的引导词和位置的变化。
在将名词性从句转换为定语从句时，我们需要将名词性从句中的连接词（通常是that或whether）改为适当的关系代词或关系副词。
同时，我们还需要将从句移到被修饰名词的后面作为定语从句。
例如，将名词性从句句子“Whether he will come or not is still uncertain.”转换为定语从句时，我们可以得到定语从句句子“The factthat whether he will come or not is still uncertain.”在这个例子中，我们将名词性从句中的连接词whether改为关系代词that，并将从句移到名词fact的后面形成定语从句。
另外，还需要注意的是，对于某些名词性从句，特别是引导词为what和how的从句，转换为定语从句时需要做进一步的调整。
例如，将名词性从句句子“What he said is true.”转换为定语从句时，我们可以得到定语从句句子“The thing that he said is true.”在这个例子中，我们将名词性从句中的连接词what改为关系代词that，并将从句移到名词thing的后面形成定语从句。
定语从句与状语从句的替换方式例词
定语从句与状语从句的替换方式例词定语从句与状语从句是英语语法中常见的复合句结构，用来修饰名词或者表达条件、原因、目的等语义。
在表达中，我们可以通过替换方式来改变句子的结构和表达方式。
本文将以一些例词来说明定语从句与状语从句的替换方式，以帮助读者更好地理解和运用。
一、定语从句的替换方式定语从句在句子中充当定语的作用，修饰某个名词或代词。
下面是一些常见的替换方式：1. 关系副词替换：关系副词"where"、"when"、"why"可以替换定语从句中的限制性定语从句，从而简化句子结构。
例词：原句1：The school where I study English is very famous.替换1：The school I study English in is very famous.原句2：This is the reason why she is angry.替换2：This is the reason she is angry.2. 关系代词替换：关系代词"that"、"which"、"who"、"whom"可以替换定语从句中的限制性定语从句，起到简化和减少重复的作用。
例词：原句1：I like the book that you lent me.替换1：I like the book you lent me.原句2：The girl who won the first prize is my cousin.替换2：The girl winning the first prize is my cousin.3. 关系副词或代词 + "to do"替换：关系副词或代词加上"to do"的形式，可以替换定语从句中的非限制性定语从句，使句子更加简洁。
定语从句与非谓语动词的转换
1定语从句转换成不定式“to do”。
定语从句的谓语动词是将来时或含有情态动词或含有序数词the next， the last等时，该定语从句转换为不定式“to do”.（1）The plane which will arrive is from Hubei.→The plane to arrive is from Hubei。
（2）The students will go to a party that will be held in our class at 7：45.→The students will go to a party to be held in our class at 7：45.（3）He was the first boy who came to school.→He was the first boy to come to school..2定语从句可转换成为“介词+关系代词或副词+不定式”。
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句和“介词+关系代词或副词+不定式”充当的定语，可以相互转换。
被这种定语修饰的名词往往在逻辑上充当不定式动作的地点、时间或工具。
例：（1）She wanted a room in which she could do her homework.→She wanted a room in which to do her homework.（2）She had only a pen with which she can write.→She had only a pen to write with.或She had only a pen with which to write.注：定语从句转换成“介词+ 关系代词+不定式”时，此时的不定式一定是及物动词，如是不及物动词，则需在动词后面加上相应的介词。
这个介词可提前到关系代词前面，也可留在句尾。
前者是正式说法后者是非正式说法。
英语句型转换的方法与例子
英语句型转换的方法与例子摘要英语句型转换是指按照一定的要求，把一个句子改写成另一个意思相同或相近的句子，不改变原句的主要意思。
英语句型转换的目的是为了使句子更加简洁、准确、自然和地道，也可以增加句子的变化和丰富性，避免重复和单调。
英语句型转换的方法有很多，本文将介绍以下几种常见的方法：同义词或近义词替换主动语态和被动语态互换陈述句和疑问句互换直接引语和间接引语互换并列句和复合句互换定语从句和非限制性定语从句互换分词短语和独立主格结构互换一、同义词或近义词替换定义同义词或近义词替换是指用意思相同或相近的词或短语来替换原句中的某些词或短语，使句子更加简洁、准确或地道。
规则替换的词或短语必须在意思、用法、搭配和语气上与原词或短语相符。
替换后的句子不能改变原句的主要意思。
替换后的句子不能造成歧义或误解。
例子原句替换后的句子He is very angry with me.He is very mad at me.She passed away last night.She died last night.He made a mistake in the test.He went wrong in the test.I can't stand him.I hate him.He gave me a hand with my homework.He helped me with my homework.二、主动语态和被动语态互换定义主动语态和被动语态互换是指把一个主动语态的句子改写成一个被动语态的句子，或者把一个被动语态的句子改写成一个主动语态的句子，使句子更加客观、强调或适应上下文。
规则主动语态变被动语态时，要把原主语变成by短语放在被动语态谓语之后，把原宾语变成新主语放在被动语态谓语之前，把原谓语动词变成被动形式（即be+过去分词），并保持时态、人称和数一致。
被动语态变主动语态时，要把原by短语去掉，把原主语变成新宾语放在主动谓语之后，把原谓语动词变成主动形式，并保持时态、人称和数一致。
定语从句与短语的转化_
定语从句与短语的转化_1.直接转化为-ing或-ed形式这种形式只需去掉定语从句中的who/which is/was/are/were 即可。
The girl ( who is) dancing now just returned from Beijing.正在跳舞的那个姑娘刚从北京回来。
I love the stories( which were) written by Mary.我喜欢玛丽写的小说。
2.动词重新进行-ing形式的转化Look at that house. That is my home which stands at the top of the mountain.Look at that house.That is my home standing at the top of the mountain.瞧那所房子，那就是我坐落在山顶上的家。
My sister, who lived in France for ages, now lives in Beijing.My sister，having lived in France for ages, now lives in Beijing.我姐姐在法国住过多年，现在住在北京。
My mother，who hasn t been used to living in the city， has made up her mind to settle in the country.My mother，not having been used to living in the city, has made up her mind to settle in the country.Not having been used to living in the city, my mother has made up her mind to settle in the country.我妈妈由于不习惯住在城市，决定到乡村定居。
定语从句的引导词及句式转换
定语从句的引导词及句式转换定语从句是英语语法中一个重要的句子结构，用于修饰名词或代词。
在句子中，定语从句通常由引导词引导，可以用不同的句式进行转换。
下面将介绍定语从句的引导词及句式转换。
一、引导词：1. 关系代词：关系代词在定语从句中可以作为主语、宾语或介词的宾语。
常见的关系代词有：who, whom, whose, which, that。
例句1：The person who is talking to my teacher is my father.（主语）例句2：The book which I borrowed from the library is very interesting.（宾语）例句3：This is the girl whose brother is a famous actor.（介词的宾语）2. 关系副词：关系副词在定语从句中一般作状语，修饰整个句子。
常见的关系副词有：where, when, why。
例句1：I will never forget the day when we met for the first time.（修饰时间状语从句）例句2：I still remember the place where we spent our summer vacation.（修饰地点状语从句）例句3：That is the reason why I didn't go to the party.（修饰原因状语从句）二、句式转换：1. 将定语从句转换为非限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句用来对名词或代词进行额外说明，用逗号将其与主句分开。
例句（限制性定语从句）：The woman who is sitting next to me is my mother.例句（非限制性定语从句）：The woman, who is sitting next to me, is my mother.2. 将定语从句转换为分词短语：分词短语作为定语从句的转换形式，修饰名词或代词。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
定语从句和其他句型的相互转换
1.定语从句和非谓语动词：
分析基本规律：从句是主动形式，用现在分词; 从句是被动形式，用过去分词。
或者看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被修饰词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果定语和被修饰词之间是动宾关系，用过去分词；
(1)There are lots of good English programes ， which are broadcast on TV or the radio in China.
------There are lots of good English programmes_________on TV or the radio in China. (2)At one time there were long queues of people who were waiting outside the CAAC offices.
------At one time there were long queues of people ________ outside the CAAC offices.
⑶ The World Trade Organization (WTO) finally opened its door to China on November 10,_____ a 15-year wait.
A. to end
B. ended
C. ending/which ended
D. ends
2.定语从句和并列句
—
⑴ I saw some trees, and the leaves of the trees were black with disease.
-----I saw some trees, the leaves of ________were black with disease.
⑵ The professor is an ordinary-looking little man, on the nose of __________there is a pair of glasses.
----- The professor is an ordinary-looking little man, and there is a pair of glasses on the nose of______.
分析：是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键
3.定语从句和状语从句
(1)This is such a big stone _______no one can lift it.
This is such a big stone _______no one can lift.
(2)Please put the letter in the drawer _____ ______he can
easily find it.(=where)
—
Please put the letter_________he can easily find it.
(3) Please put the letter in which he can easily find it.
这句子正确吗
分析：（1）句从引导词来看，状语从句中的that 是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。
(2)句定语从句修饰先行词，状语从句修饰动词。
:
4.定语从句和名词性从句
(1) He did all (that) he could to help me .(=what)
(2) All that can be done has been done. (=what)
(3) _______is known to us all, the earth turns round the sun.
It is known to us all _______Taiwan belongs to China.
______ is known to us all is that the earth is smaller than the sun.
;
5.定语从句和强调句和状语从句
(1) It is in this room ______I lived last year.
It is the room _______I lived last year.
(2) It was at seven o’clock ________he went to school this morning.
It was seven o’clock _______ he went to school this morning.
分析：强调句句型：It is/was +被强调的成份+that/who +其它部分去掉It is/was….that/who…,句子依旧成立。
(1) I lived in this room last year. (2) He went to school at seven this morning. It is/was +时间名词+when 引导的时间状语从句，It 指代时间。
定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。
6.强调句与定语从句、名词性从句的结合使用
(1) ----Where did you met her
----It was in the hotel ______I lived.
(2) It is the fact _____ he d oesn’t know his birthday _____ surprised us all.
】
(3) It is ______ he often fails in exams ______ makes his parents worried about him.
7.定语从句和同位语从句
(1)The news ________our volleyball team won the match made us excited.
(2)The news __________he told me yesterday is exciting.
(3)The problem __________we should answer for the accident is clear to you.
(4)The problem __________he asked me to solve is hard to solve.
分析：that引导同位语从句，在从句中不充当任成份，并且引导的句子是说明前一名词的内容，that在从句中不可省去，也不可用which 替代。
That/which 引导定语从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时可省去，从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。
翻译：
卡车撞倒一群学生，两名学生被立即送往医院。
}
The truck ran into a group of students,
______________________________immediately.
The truck ran into a group of students, ________________________________ immediately.
The truck ran into a group of students, _________________________immediately.
1. There is a popular belief among parents ___________ schools don’t pay any attention to handwriting.
A. whose
B. that
C. which
D. in which
2. ---- Was _______Bill, _____________ played football well, _________ helped the blind man cross the road
---- Yes, you are right. He is always ready to help others.
A. it; that; who
B. which; that; that
C. it; who; that
D. who; which,that
3. The theory he’s stuck ________ us that earthquakes can be forecast.
A, to prove to B. to proves to C. proves to D. which proved
4. It was at the school _________ was named after a hero _____________ he spent his childhood.
A. which; that
B. where; where
C. that; where
D. which; where。