非谓语动词专题讲解

非谓语动词专题讲解
非谓语动词专题讲解

非谓语:(不能单独做谓语,但同时仍保留动词某些特征得动词形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子得任何成分。)

一、不定式与动名词做主语

1.动名词做主语往往表示普通得、一般习惯得行为,不定式做主语常表示某次具体得行为。

例句:

Reading English isreally agreat fun、<这里不强调瞧一次,瞧两次……表示得就是一般性得行为>

To read englishthis morning willtakemostof mytime、<这里用不定式表示一次具体得行为>

2、形式主语it 得运用:

1)、不定式做主语,谓语用单数。往往用it做形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。

例句:To finish thejob took ustwohours、

Ittook ustwo hours tofinish the job、

(注:在不定式做主语得被动语态句子中,必须用形式主语it、)

例句:it was decidedto gofor apicnic tomorrow、

2)、Itis+adj、of/forsb、todo sth、当不定式得逻辑主语与前面得形容词构成系表结构时,用of,否则用for、例句:

It’s very niceofyou to help us、<此时,不定时得逻辑主语就是you,adj、就是nice,二者构成系表结构,即可以说youare nice、此时应该用of>

It’simpossible for usto defeatthe boss、<此时就不能说we areimpossible、因此应该用for>

3)、用动名词做主语得句型:It is/was no good(use,useless, fun)+doing sth、It’s worth while doing

例句:

It’s no use cry over spilt milk、覆水难收

(it 用法远不止这几个后面会有补充)

3、成分对称:主语与表语都就是非谓语动词时,应保持形式上一致。

例句:

To see isto believe、

Seeing isbelieving、眼见为实

4、There beno +ving

例句:

Thereis no parking around here、

Nosmoking,please、

练习题

Itishard_________ his mind、(to change )

It is fun__________ with a foreign man、(talking)

Thereis no ________whatwill happen、(telling)

Ilike_________ this novelthis morning、(to read)

二:做表语

1、不定式做表语表具体个别得动作或有将来得含义。

例句:My wishis to bee a famous writer、

2、现在分词做表语表示主语得性质与特征,表主动(interesting, amusing,disappointing,puzzling, exciting 等);进行时表示正在进行得动作。

例句:

i amteaching the child toswimwhenyou passedby、

The storyis amusing、(令人、、、、得)

3、过去分词作表语表示主语所处得被动状态或完成某动作得状态。

例句:

The shop isclosed、<表状态>

The door was closed by the wind、<表被动>

4、注意如下动词得现在分词与过去分词用法不同:其实这些都就是使役动词。

interest,surprise,frighten,excite,tire,please,puzzle,satisfy,amuse,disappoint,inspire,worry、

Thebook isinteresting、

The news is surprising、

The storyis fritenting、

Heis fritented、

After hearingthe exciting news,he gave a speech in anexcited voice、练习题

The problemis _____(puzzling)

The village is_______bymountains、(surrounded)

She is________ at thenews、(surprised)

三:做宾语

1 只能用动名词做宾语得动词<口诀>

a考虑建议盼原谅…cosidersuggest/adviselookforward to doing excuse/parden

b承认推辞没得想…admit delay/put off fancy

c避免错过继续练…avoid miss keep/keeponpractice

e否认完成就欣赏…deny finish enjoy/appreciate

f禁止想象才冒险…forbidimagine risk

g不禁介意准逃亡…can’t help mindallow/permit escape

此外:beused to/lead to /devote to/go back to /object to /get done to/pay atte ntion to/can’t stand/give up/feel like /insist on/thank you for/apologize for /be busy(in)have difficulty 、trouble in//have a good/wonderful/hard time in //spendtime in 等动词词组后面也加doing。

2、跟动名词或不定式做宾语,有区别得。

1)、like,love,prefer后接动名词,表经常性得行为;接不定式,表具体得某次行为。如前有would/should,则后接不定式。但feel like 只接动名词做宾语。

例句:

Ilikeswimming,butIdon’t like toswimthisafternoon、

2)、在allow, advise,forbid, permit后,如后有名词或代词做宾语,则用不定式做宾补。

即allow, advise,forbid, permit+doing sth、/sb、todo sth、

例句:

We don’t allow smoking in the hall、

Weallow you to smokehere、

3)、当need, require, want做“需要”讲时,其后必接to be done(被动态)或ving(此时ving也表被动意义),表事情需要被做。want/need/require+动名词主动式=want/need/require+不定式被动式

即need/want/require(需要)+tobe done/doing/sb、to dosth

例句:

Thewindowneeds/want/requires to be cleaned/cleaning、

4)、worth后必须接动名词主动形式表被动。

即beworth+名词/doing

be worthy to be done

be worthy of+名词/beingdone

例句:

The placeisworth visiting、

Theplace is worthy tobe visited

The place is worthy of + a visit/beingvisited、

5)、在介词but, other than之后得不定式。如介词前有“do”,则不定式省略“to”,否则就带“to”、<前有do,后无to> 例句:

Wecould do nothing but/other than wait、

He had nochoicebut to wait、

另接不定式省略to得有:can’t choose but, can’thelp but(只好), can’t but,hadbetter, would rather、Eg:Hecannot choose but stay on、

You had bettere here on time、

I would rather stay than otherwise、

6)、当不定式做动词tell,show,understand,teach,discuss,wonder,find out,等词宾语时,前常带引导词how, what,whether, why,who等+to do,但why+不带to得不定式。

例句:

I don’t know whatto do、

Can you tellme why doit?

练习题:

1、Ican hardly imagine Peter _____ (sail)across the Atlantic、

2、Iwould appreciate your_____ (call) backthisafternoon、

3、The discovery of the new evidence ledto the thief ______(catch)、

4、She didn’t remember______(meet) himbefore、

5、We havealwaysdeeply regretted _____(sell)the house、

6、Thedictionarycan’t help ______(learn)thelanguage、

7、When do youplanto leave?

Imean ______ (leave) tomorrow、

8、He would like_____ (sing)this song now、

9、Do you feel like______(have) a cup oftea?

10、The extramoney allow us _______(buy) a car、

11、This book is worth _______(read)、

12、Thisbook isworthy of_______ (read)、

13、All carsrequire_______ (service) regularly、

14、I wonder how _____ (solve) this problem、

15、What we can do but _____ (sit) and______ (wait)、

16、Ifyou areplanningto spendyourmoney having fun this week, better______ (forget) it--

-- you havegot somebigbillsing、

四:做宾补

1、、感官动词see,watch, observe, look at,hear, listen to,notice等与使役动词have后情况:

1)、主动时,do原型表完成;现在分词doing表正在进行。

例句:

I heardher sing an English songjust now、

I heard her singingan Englishsongwhen Ipassed by herroom、

2)被动时,ved过去分词表完成或没有一定得时间性;being done表正在进行。

例句:

I heard anEnglish song being sung by a littlegirl whenI passed by herroom、

I wantto have my haircut、

2:使役动词let后,主动时,用动原do;被动时用be+过去分词。

例句:

Don’t let yourchildplay withmatches、

Lettherebe nomistake aboutit、

Let thework be doneimmediately、

3、leave 后接非谓语动词做宾补时,意为“使、、、、、、处于某种状态”。

Leave sb、doingsth、(主动,正在进行)

Sth、Undone(被动或完成)

sb、to do sth、/sth、tobe done(不定式表示将来得动作)

It is wrong ofyou to leave the machine running、

The guestsleft most ofthedishes untouched、

He left,leaving me to do all the restwork、

Wehurriedend ourmeeting, leavingmany problems tobe settled、

4、have, get后接宾补得三种形式:

1)、Have sb、do sth、=get sb to dosth、使/让/叫某人做某事

例句:

Mother had me gotothe shopand buysome salt、

2),have sth、done = get sth、done 让某事由别人去做(叫/让某人做某事)

例句:

I will have/get my bikerepaired tomorrow、

此外have sth、done有“使遭受、、、”之意。

例句:

Tom hadhis legbrokenwhileplaying football、

3)、have sb、/sth、doing 让某人持续得做某事(主动,正在进行)

Get sb、/sth doing使某人/物开始行动起来

例句:

The captain got the soldiers moving toward thefront aftera short rest、

注:have sb、doing置于否定句中,have有“容忍”之意。

例句:

Iwon’thaveyou speakingto youdadlikethat、

5、”吾瞧三室两厅一感觉”----5瞧(lookat, see,watch,notice, observe);3使(make,let,have,);2听(liste nto, hear);1感觉(feel)。在主动态中宾补用不带to得不定式,但在被动态中要还原to、

例句:

I hatetosee you leave so soon、

Someone was heard to e upthe stairs、

除let,make外,以上动词还可用现在分词做宾补。此外find,catch, keep, leave(+4)同。

Eg:He was caught stealing、

Iam sorry to have keptyou waiting forsuch a long time、

练习题:

1.At that momentIsaw him______(cross) theroad、

2.I was gladto see the children well ______(take) care of、

3. A cook willbe immediaelyfiredif he isfound______(smoke) in the kichen、

4.Hewent away without saying anything, ______(leave) us______(stand)outside、

5.Mr、Brown was muchdisappointedto sethe washingmachine she had_____(repair)w

entwrong again、

6.Iwonder if thisistheputer you want to haveit______(repair)、

7.Children’sbeingaddictedto the Internet gets theirparents_______(worry)

8.At that time, Ifound him ____(cry) inthe street。

五:做定语

1、不定式做定语

1)、做定语得不定式如果就是不及物动词,后要加相应得介词。

Eg: The Brownshaveafortable house to live in、

注:如不定式修饰得名词就是time, place或way时,其后介词省去。

Eg:Hehad no money and no place tolive(in)

2、不定式做定语得几种情况。

1)、不定式表将来

Eg:Thecarto be bought isfor his sister、

2)、用来修饰被序数词,最高级,或no, all, any等限定得中心词。

Eg:He was the best mantodo the job、

3)、用来修饰得词就是抽象名词时,常有:ability, chance,idea,fact, excuse, reason,time等等

Eg:Do you have the abilitytoread and write inEnglish?

I have no chance to go swimming、

3、不定式得一般被动式(to bedone),表被动、将来;过去分词(done),表被动、完成或状态;与现在分词得一般被动式(being doing),表被动、正在进行。

1)、Thequestion to be discussed attomorrow’s meetingis a very importantone、

2)、Listen! The songbeing sung is very popularwith thestudents、

3)、Haveyou read the novel written byDickens?

3、分词做定语:Ving表正在进行,过去分词表已经完成。

boiling water 正在沸腾得水falling leaves正在下落得叶子

boiled water 烧开过得水fallen leaves 已经落下得叶子

练习题:

1.Doyouknow theboy_____(lie) underthe bigtree?

2.Thespeech which he made _____ (concern) thefootballmatch boreda lot of fans to death

3.If the building project______ (plete)by the endof this month isdelayed,the constructio

n pany willbe fined、

4.To fetch water before breakfast seemedto him a rulenever_____(break)、

六:做状语

1、不定式做状语

Eg:Jim hadto shout tomake herself heardabovethesound of themusic、(表目得) To look athim, youwould like him、(表条件)

表结果时常用,too、、、to、、, enough、、、to、、、,only to、、、、、等结构。

He hurriedto the station only tofind thatthe trainhad left、(表另人失望得结果)

某些形容词,表喜,怒,哀,乐得做表语后接得不定式表原因。

Eg: I amverygladto seeyou、

在表目得强调时,可用inorder to/so as to +动原,后者不能置于句首。

Eg:Hegot up early inorderto catch the first bus、

2、分词做状语

原则:此时,分词得逻辑主语必须与句子得主语保持一致,且分词必须与句中主语含有逻辑上得主动或者就是被动关系。否则不能使用分词做状语。

Doing表主动/正在进行,having done表先于谓语发生得主动;done表被动;being done表与谓语同时发生得被动;havingbeen done表先于谓语发生得被动。

Eg: ing into the room,he foundhisfatherangry、(时间状语)

Seenfromthetop ofthe hill, thetown is beautiful、(条件状语)

Being tired,theywent on working、(让步状语)

Having beenhit bythe big boy on thenose,the little boy beganto cry、(原因状语) 注:与not连用时,通常-ing形式。

Eg:Not beinginvited,he hastostay at home、

3、独立成分做状语(形式不受上下文得影响得分词或不定式)

含义:

常见得有:generallyspeaking一般来说,frankly speaking坦白得说; judging from/by根据、、、来判断; considering、、、/taking、、、、into consideration考虑到、、、、、; totellthe truth说实话;s eeing、、、考虑到;supposing 即使,如果;providing 如果; saving 除了,除非;assuming 假使;admitting虽说;g iven如果;provide that如果;pare to/with 与、、、相比;

Judging from his accent,he is fromthe south、

Generally speaking,the moreexpensiveth camera, thebetteritsquality、

练习题:

1、______(consider) your health,you hadbetterhave a rest、

2、_______(judge)from previous experience,hewill be late again、

3、_______(judge)by the local official,thisgroup ranked first、

4、_______(take) his health into consideration, he has to be sent toa hospital at once、

5、She is too tired ______(do) the job、

6、Generally_____(speak),when _____(take)according to the direction,the drug has no side effect、

7、The teachercame into the lab, ______(follow)bysome students、

8、_______(tell) many times,hestill repeated thesame mistake、

9、______ many times, she stillcan’t remenber it、

A、Had toldB、Havingbeen told C、Having told D、Being told

10、_______ full preparations, wedecided to put off the meeting till nextweek、A、Wedidn’tmake B、Having not madeC、Wehad not made D、Not having made

11、Written in a hurry, _______、

A、Peter mademany mistakes inthepaper

B、thereare many mistakesin the paper、

C、we found somemistakes in the paper

D、the paperis full of mistakes

12、Heput a finger inhismouth, tasted it and smiled, _____(look)rather pleased、她把一个手指放进嘴里,尝了尝,笑了,瞧起来挺高兴。(伴随状语)

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