(完整word版)被动语态详解及分类练习(包括句子翻译).doc

一、被动语态

1) 被动语态最基本的句型结构是：be + Vp.p（及物动词过去分词）

be 动词可以随时态人称的变化而变化

一、被动语态的用法：

1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词

Our classroom is cleaned every day.

I am asked to study hard by my mother.

Knives are used for cutting things.

2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词

A new shop was built last year.

Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.

3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词

This book has been translated into many languages.

Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.

4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

A new hospital will be built in our city.

Many more trees will be planted next year.

5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

Young trees must be watered often.

Your mistakes should be corrected right now.

The door may be locked inside.

Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.

6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词

Uncle Wang is mending my bike now. →

My bike is being repaired by Tom now.

They ar e planting trees over there. →

7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be +及物动词的过去分词

There are two books to be read.→

There are twenty more trees to be planted.

练习：

1. The boy ______ to get supper ready after school yesterday．

A. were told

B. is telling

C. was told

D. tells

2. A lot of new roads ______ built in the west of China in ten years ．

A. must

B. will be

C. has

D. have

3. Chinese _______ by the largest number of people.

A. speak

B. is speaking

C. speaks

D. is spoken

4. The old stone bridge ___ next week.

A.is going to be rebuilt

B. will be rebuild

C. are going to be rebuilt

D. will rebuild

5.The coat___her sister.

A. made to

B. were made for

C. was made for

D. was made to

2) 被动语态中的谓语动词一定要是及物动词

原则上，只有及物动词才有被动语态，但是，许多不及物动词加上介词或者副词，变成及物动词短语如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，这时也可有被动语态。此时应注意短语的整体性，即后面的介词或副词不要丢掉。例如：

We should speak to old people politely.

Old people ______ ______ ____________ politely by us.

She will take good care of the children ．（变被动语态）

The children will ____________ ______ ____________ by her ．

1．规则动词的过去分词

1）一般情况下栽动词原形后面加–ed

2）以不发音 e结尾的加 -d

3）以辅音字母加 y结尾的，把 y改 i 加-ed

4）以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母在家-ed

watch-watched practice-practiced

study-studied stop-stopeed

2.不规则动词的过去分词

am have do-done

is been write-written

are has go-gone

3）被动语态的疑问式：把第一个助动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成。例如：

Where could they grow these vegetables ？（改为被动语态）

Where _____ vegetables ________ _________?

【翻译练习】

1.孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。（ welcom ）

2. 这次英语演讲比赛将会在下星期五举行。(hold)

3. 在过去五年里，他被认为是这个村里最有才华的年轻人。(consider as )

4.Jim 正在院子里修理他的自行车。（ repair）

5.就网球来说他还从来没有被别人打败过。/ 他在网球上海从来没有遇到过对手。（ beat）

6. 你不必把这封信打印出来。（print）

7.据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。

8. 据专家所说，所有的桥梁必须重建。（rebuild）

3)在下列情况下，一般使用被动语态：

（1）表示 "据说 "或 " 相信 " 的词组，基本上由 believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand 等组成。例如：

It is said that据说

It is reported that据报道

It is believed that大家相信

It is hope d that大家希望

It is well known that众所周知