报刊阅读课件之四

Selected Readingsin English Print News Media英语报刊选读4 消息中的背景材料News Background Information英文报纸中的常见的新闻背景可大致分为对比性材料Contrast Background、说明性材料Interpretative Background和注释性材料Explanatory Background三种;对比性材料Contrast Background：这类新闻背景对新闻事实起这对比与衬托的作用,犹如照片的背景对于照片的主体一样,反衬出新闻事实的重要意义,突出新闻的价值或深化新闻的主题;如：As a Peking opera star, Xun Huisheng distinguished himself by his projection of innocent, vivacious活泼的;快活的;有生气的and kind-hearted women in the feudal society who fought despotic暴君的;暴虐的,专横的suppression and social injustice. Unlike world-renowned Peking opera actor Mei Lanfang who portrayed such women as empresses and imperial maids, Xun Huisheng was adept at creating ordinary women, including country girls and prostitutes. This gained him great fame.---The China Daily, Oct. 29,2005说明性材料Interpretative Background ：说明性背景材料一般介绍有关新闻事实的政治背景、发展变化、历史状况、地理环境以及其他种种客观条件、主观因素等等,力求把新闻事实补充说明得既全面深刻又恰如其分;如：Chinese premier talks with Russian president on bilateral tiesMutual trust and mutually beneficial cooperation between the two sides have also been deepened over the past 10 years, said Wen, adding that the successful events of “the Year of Russia” in China and “the Year of China” in Russia have helped the Sino-Russian friendship take firm root in the hearts of both peoples. 历史意义Expressing his satisfaction with the rapid development of the partnership, the Chinese premier said its sound and stable growth is a guarantee of the development of both countries and a great contribution to world peace and stability. 可能产生的国际影响MOSCOW, Nov. 5 Xinhua -- Russian President Vladimir Putin and visiting Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao pledged late Monday to further promote the Sino-Russian strategic partnership of cooperation. 导语During the partnership’s first decade China and Russia have achi eved a thorough settlement of the border issue. Additionally, the two countries have put forward the concept of “friendship for generations” with the signing of the Sino-Russian Good-Neighborly Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation, said Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao during talks with President Putin at the Kremlin Palace late Monday. 政治背景Translation Practice:During the partnership’s first decade China and Russia have achieved a thorough settlement of the border issue. Additionally, the two countries have put forward the concept of “friendship for generations” with the signing of the Sino-Russian Good-Neighborly Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation, said Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao during talks with President Putin at the Kremlin Palace late Monday.温总理在周一早些时候与普京总统的会谈中提到在中俄战略协作伙伴关系的第一个10年中两国已经彻底解决了历史遗留的边界问题;此外,两国在缔结中俄睦邻友好合作条约的过程中还提出了“世代友好”的和平思想;Mutual trust and mutually beneficial cooperation between the two sides have also been deepened over the past 10 years, said Wen, adding that the successful events of “the Year of Russia” in China and “the Year of China” in Russia have helped the Sino-Russian friendship take firm root in the hearts of both peoples.温家宝说,在过去的10年中,双方的互信和互利合作关系不断加深;同时他还指出,双方成功举办了“国家年”活动,使中俄友好深入人心;温家宝对中俄战略协作伙伴关系的高水平发展感到满意;同时他还指出,中俄战略协作伙伴关系持续健康稳定发展,是两国加速发展的可靠保障,是世界和平与稳定的重要支撑; Expressing his satisfaction with the rapid development of the partnership, the Chinese premier said its sound and stable growth is a guarantee of the development of both countries and a great contribution to world peace and stability.注释性材料Explanatory Background ：世界上各个民族因历史文化传统不同,生活环境发展程度迥异,在思想的沟通及信息交流过程中必然要遇到困难;在此一国、此一地是家喻户晓的事情,在彼一国、彼一地竟如天书,反之亦然;同样,读者阅读英文报纸时也会遇到很多困难,包括对科技项目的专有名称、历史故事、人物、事件等用语,常常不解其意;在这种情况下,读者一般都能在消息报道中浏览阅读到有关的注释性材料;Chang’e-1 starts 2nd braking to be closer to final orbitBEIJING, Nov. 6 Xinhua –China’s first lunar probe, Chang’e-1, started its second braking on Tuesday's morning, which will further decelerate the satellite to get it closer to its final orbit.Instructions for the braking was issued by the Beijing Aerospace Control Center BACC at around 11:21 a.m.The braking, when completed, will help Chang’e-1 to slow down its speed to 1.8 km per second to enter a orbit with a perilune近月点of 200 km and an apolune远月点of 1,700 km. The probe is expected to brake for the third time at around 8:00 a.m. on Nov. 7, which will further slow down its speed to 1.59 km per second to put it on a 127-minute round polar circular orbit.The round orbit is also the probe's final destination wh ere it is supposed to start “working” formally.Before the second braking, Chang‘e-1 was traveling along a 12-hour elliptical椭圆形的moon orbit, with a perilune of about 210 km and an apolune of about 8,600 km.Chang‘e-1 successfully completed its first braking and entered the moon’s orbit at around 11:37 a.m. on Monday, which made it become a “real”circumlunar 环月的；绕月的satellite. The probe, named after a legendary Chinese goddess who flew to the moon, blasted off on a Long March 3A carrier rocket on Oct. 24 from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in southwestern Sichuan Province.由此可见,留心阅读消息中的新闻背景,有助于读者更好的理解新闻内容,获得更好的阅读效果;同时,读者通过阅读新闻背景材料,还能获得许多富有知识性、趣味性的新信息,从而扩大知识面;嫦娥一号完成第二次近月制动顺利进入环月轨道新华网北京１１月６日电记者田兆运１１月６日１１时３５分,北京航天飞行控制中心对嫦娥一号卫星成功实施了第二次近月制动,卫星顺利进入周期为３．５小时的环月小椭圆轨道;７日将进行最后一次近月制动,使嫦娥一号卫星进入工作轨道;１１时２１分,卫星主发动机点火成功,工作１４分钟后,正常关机;嫦娥一号卫星速度进一步降低,卫星轨道远月点高度由８６００公里降至１７００公里;预计卫星在环月小椭圆轨道上运行６圈;据北京飞控中心总工程师王也隽介绍,第二次近月制动主要目的是使嫦娥一号卫星进一步降低飞行速度,使其进入“过渡”轨道,为卫星最终进入工作轨道做准备;王也隽说,嫦娥一号卫星共进行３次近月制动,是根据卫星上发动机的推力设计的;这样,不仅能够减小每次控制量,而且能够有效节约卫星携带的燃料,延长卫星使用寿命;１１月７日,北京飞控中心将对嫦娥一号卫星进行最后一次近月制动,以便卫星顺利进入高度为２００公里、周期为１２７分钟的工作轨道;通过在轨测试后,卫星将开始进行各项科学探测活动;常见的新闻体裁及其结构Common Styles and Structures of Journalistic Writing特写的基本结构Basic Structures of Feature特写feature与消息news的区别,在于报道的范围与目的不同;消息主要告诉读者发生了一件什么事情；为了把这件新闻事实交待清楚,消息往往需要具备新闻的五要素,也就是说,消息所报道的范围一般具有全面性和完整性;特写不在于照顾全面,而侧重于某个方面,注重与再现生活的画面,将新闻事实诸要素中最有意义、最有情趣human interests和影响的一、两个要素或片断,像电影中的特写镜头一样,既形象又突出的把它们再现出来,使读者如身临其境,耳闻其声,亲睹其人,从而获得深刻的印象和强烈的感染;1 特写与消息的区别The Chronological Style2 特写的基本结构The Basic Structure of Feature一般来说,特写多采用倒金字塔式结构,按事实重要的程度依次排列：最重要—次重要—次要;或者说,按读者对报道内容是否有共同兴趣以及兴趣之大小程度而依次排列;把最吸引人的部分突出在前面,即最高潮—次级趣味—详情经过;当然,偶尔也采用按时间发展顺序的“时间顺序法”;特写的种类很多,按其性质或内容来分,主要由人物特写、事件特写,旅行特写等;不论是哪一种性质的特写,其写作形式或结构与消息报道不一样;他们一般没有特定的规律或格式可循;总的来说,由于特写文章的篇幅比消息长的多,少则几百字,多则成千上万字;为了引起读者的兴趣,吸引他们一直往下看,作者常以细腻的笔触,挥洒自如的笔调突出表现事件的精髓内容; Common Styles and Structures of Journalistic Writing社论的基本结构Basic Structures of Editorial社论editorial是报纸的灵魂;它代表着报社的言论,最集中地体现某种立场、观点,常常及时地评述当前社会上的重大事件或问题,以言辞明快犀利,理论深刻、透辟的特点来吸引和影响读者,起到感染读者的号召性作用;作为新闻体裁中的一个大类,社论不同于以叙述新闻事实为主的消息与特写;社论,顾名思义,即为报社的言论,表示作者的见解,包括对事物的主张或评论及驳斥他人的主张或评论,申述自己的言论;社论的篇幅一般较长,初读英文报纸的读者往往会望而生畏,不敢问津或阅读社论上大块大块黑压压的文字;为此,有必要预先了解一些有关英文社论写作的基本结构,社论的类型及其文笔、调子等方面的常识,从而提高理解和辨析社论的能力;1 社论的基本结构The Basic Structure of Editorial在写作结构上,社论不同于消息或特写,而与一般的论辩文颇为相似,即通常由“引论—论证—结论”三部分组成,尤其中间的论证部分为主体;引论部分即文章的开头,往往先提出论点,即该社论要讨论的问题或要证明的观点；主体部分根据论据对引论逐段进行论证,摆事实、讲道理；最后,结论部分回答开头提出的问题或重申社论的观点;2 社论的类别Types of Editorial对当前某一事件、问题或典型等作专题性的说明和论述；针对一个时期内的一系列重大问题所进行的全面概论；为配合重大节日、会议、新闻事件等而发表言论的社论;较大、较有影响的英文报纸一般都辟有固定的社论版Editorial Page或评论版Opinion Page,登载代表各报立场、观点、态度的不同种类的社论文章;社论的种类很多,按其基本内容的不同性质来区分,一般可分作三大类：McGrady leads Rockets past Jazz 106-95SALT LAKE CITY, Nov. 3 -- Tracy McGrady scored 47 points and the Houston Rockets got a little revenge for last season’s opening-round playoff loss by beating the Utah Jazz 106-95 on Thursday night.Mike James added 15 points - two more than the Jazz reserves combined - and Chuck Hayes had 13 rebounds for the Rockets, who improved to 2-0 under new coach Rick Adelman and have yet to play a home game this season.Carlos Boozer had 30 points and 16 rebounds, and Mehmet Okur finished with 16 points and 10 boards, but after dominating the first quarter the Jazz tapered off in the second and never recovered.Yao Ming finished with 11 points and seven rebounds.Deron Williams had 18 points and 13 assists, and Ronnie Brewer scored 13 points for the Jazz, who led by 12 in the first quarter before McGrady took over the game.McGrady seemed intent on avenging another first-round knockout in the playoffs, as the Jazz rallied from a 2-0 series deficit and won the series in seven games. Even with Yao on the bench with foul trouble and the Jazz knowing very well who was going to be getting the ball, Utah couldn’t stop McGrady.Every time the Jazz made a run in the second half, McGrady stopped it.Okur hit a short jumper to get the Jazz within 89-82, but McGrady answered with a 3-pointer and did teammate Dikembe Mutombo’s finger wag while backpedaling on defense. The “no, no, no” gesture seemed appropriate because the Jazz could not stop McGrady when they needed to all night.It also fired up the Jazz, but not quite enough. Utah closed within five twice late in the fourth quarter, but no closer.After Boozer cut the lead to 96-91, McGrady hit two free throws with 2:53 remaining, then Yao added a layup that cooled off Utah's comeback and quieted the fans in Utah's home debut. Inside, outside or at the foul line, McGrady carried the Rockets. He was 17-for-27 from the floor and 11-for-14 from the line and added four assists.The Rockets forced 20 turnovers while committing just 12, and the Jazz didn’t help themselves any by going 20-for-29 from the foul line.In Miami, Tayshaun Prince scored a career-high 34 points and matched a career best 12 rebounds as Detroit used a big second-half run to beat Miami 91-80 in the season opener for both teams.Chauncey Billups added 19 points and 11 assists for the Pistons, whose 12-0 run over a 6-minute stretch midway through the second half saw them take control. Rasheed Wallace scored11 points for Detroit.Ricky Davis scored 23 points for Miami, which dropped its opener for the second straight season.Shaquill e O’Neal didn’t score in the first half and finished with nine points for Miami, getting only six shots from the floor.In Seattle, Amare Stoudemire had 23 points and 11 rebounds, and the Phoenix Suns rallied past Seattle SuperSonics 106-99.Steve Nash had 18 points, including the clinching 3-pointer, and 12 assists, while veteran Grant Hill added 13 points, six rebounds and five assists in his Suns debut. Phoenix won for just the second time in nine season openers.Seattle’s Kevin Durant, the se cond overall draft pick, scored 27 points on 11-for-23 shooting. Chris Wilcox had 23 points and 11 rebounds for the SuperSonics, which blew a nine-point lead from the third quarter, just a night after getting blown out late in its opener at Denver.Jay puts on new disguiseIn an effort to prove to critics that he’s not a one-trick pony, Taiwan pop singer Jay Chou has crossed over to country music.As least, that’s what he wants us to believe after hearing his latest single, Cowboy is So Busy, in which Jay sings about his “cowboy” life. Jay’s new album, Jay Chou on the Run, is due out in November.But wait, Jay Chou is no ordinary gunslinger. Take whatever image of a cowboy you have in your mind—John Wayne, Kenny Rogers, George W. Bush—and throw it out the window. Behind all of that Western-wear, it is still the same old Jay.“Although I’m a cowboy, I only order milk in pubs. Why not beer Because it’s not healthy,” sings Jay. “I’m riding my donkey because I’m too short to get on the horse. I even ta ke a bubble bath so I can play with toys in the tub.”As I look back through my collection of Jay Chou CDs, I realize that Jay has always been a master of disguise. Like a good pop star, he’s always looking for ways to re-invent his image.For instance, the cover of an early album shows Jay with an electric guitar and leather jacket—he’s a regular rocker. Other covers feature Jay in a military uniform, Jay sitting at a piano, Jay sporting a red rap-star hoodie. Now, Jay’s playing a cowboy.Indeed, Cowboy Jay has been very busy—and not just with women. Besides making music, Jay’s acted and directed. Oh, and he’s apparently been listening to a little country music.But I suspect this is all just a quick ride on a donkey before Jay settles back into his sports car and pulls into the fast lane.In the end, Jay’s persona and lyrical style just don’t suit country music. His upcoming album may borrow sounds from country music, but I doubt they’ll be as “countrified” as Cowboy is So Busy. Real cow boys know when to speak, and when to shut up. Let’s hope Jay has at least learned this much about life in the Wild West.---By Charlie Shifflett from 21st Century StaffBut remember, this is just for show. Just as Jay is no ordinary cowboy, neither is he singing ordinary country music. Cowboy is So Busy does feature instruments and sounds common to country music. For effect, Jay even throws in a “Yeeeehaaaw”—southern slang for “I’m feeling good”.Like most of Jay’s other music, however, the new single is heavily produced. The guitars andstrings we hear in the background sound like they came from a computer—not from a live country band.And instead of singing about losing a woman a common theme in country music, Jay sings about having too many of them: “Justice is calling me, the beauties are wanting me. So cowboy’s so busy.”。