【高职高考英语】主谓一致讲解 (1)
【高中英语】高考英语语法讲解：主谓一致问题讲解
【高中英语】高考英语语法讲解：主谓一致问题讲解本文题目：高考英语语法讲解：主谓一致问题讲解（一）主谓一致性主谓一致是指主语与谓语在数上要一致。
把握主谓一致问题，考生主要解决的是对不同结构的主语单复数的认定，进而选择适当的谓语。
解决主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：语法一致性原则意义一致原则邻近原则很多情况下应该综合利用这三个原则来处理主谓一致，在不同情况下可能应用三个原则中的不同原则，具体应用哪种原则应该视具体情况而定。
总结如下：当谓语动词是单数时1.动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语，谓语用单数。
如：购买柔软的衣服是因为人们喜欢的衣服是他们自己喜欢的。
(1987年考研题)2.当表示时间、距离、数量、重量、面积、体积、体积和其他度量的名词短语用作主语时，谓语为单数。
twoweekswastoolong五个时间五个星期做二十五个3.一般用and连接的两个单词或短语做主语时候，谓语用复数，但是下面用and连接的主语表示一个概念，谓语用单数：肥皂水由律师制备的肥皂水acupandsaucer茶杯碟子forkandknife刀叉NeedleAndThread针和线trialanderror尝试了一次又一次horseandcarriage马车timeandtide岁月面包和黄油的涨落如：iflawandordernotpreserved,neitherthecitizennorhispropertyissafe.a、 isb。
阿雷克。
瓦兹。
是答案：a。
4.表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词是复数。
当它们是主语时，谓语动词是单数的linguisticsisabranchofstudyonhumanlanguage.5.有些名词形式上是复数，意义上是单数。
根据语义一致性原则，动词使用单数形式thechaoswasstoppedbythepolice这则新闻非常鼓舞人心aseriesofdebatesbetweenthelectureswasscheduledforthenextweekend.6.当使用和表达单个概念时，动词谓语是单数形式breadandbutterisourdailyfood时间和潮汐二.谓语用复数情况1.并列主语后的谓语动词由and连接，两者都是。
主谓一致的讲解最全面的主谓一致的讲解
主谓一致的讲解一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致1.由and 连接主语时And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold.小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子Both rice and wheat are grown in this area.2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.那位教授兼作家正在会上发言A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor.一位新闻记者兼作家His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe.他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet.总理兼外长比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school.the writer and educator has visited our school.His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可A boy and girl are playing tennis.3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour.Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistakeNo boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie.4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up.法规制定The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好War and peace is a constant theme in history战争与和平是历史永恒的主题注意;常被视为主体的结构A cup and saucer 一副杯碟A horse and cart 马车A knife and fork 一副刀叉A law and rule 法规A needle and thread 一套针线Fish and chips 炸鱼加炸薯条The stars and stripes 星条旗2.由(either)…or 或neither…nor 等连接的主语时由 either…or, neither…nor, or, not only…but(also)…连接主语时，谓语动词陈述句中就近原则Either you or Jane is to be sent to New York.要么你要么简被派往纽约Neither you nor he has finished the experiment.Neither the teacher nor the students like this piece of music. 都不喜欢这首曲子Not only the old farmer but also his family were friendly to me.Not only his friends but also he himself is looking forward to taking part in the party.3.主语由肯定否定两部分构成谓语跟肯定部分走Not you but I am to answer the questionI, not you, am to answer the question.二、单一主语的主谓一致1.名词本身自带s作主语时1）学科名词: physics 物理 mathematics/maths 数学 economics 经济学 politics政治学新闻; news体操：GymnasticsAs we know, Physics is a fundamental subject in science.物理是自然科学中的一门基础学科Mathematics is a required course for middle school students.数学是中学生的一门必修课Einstein once said ,“Politics is much more difficult than physics.”注意：当mathematics 表示运算时谓语动词用单数复数都可If my mathematics is/are right, the answer is 56.如果我的运算正确，答案就是56 The television news is at 7 o’clock in the evening every dayGymnastics is my sister’s favourite sport2)有些名词单复数同行根据是单数概念还是复数概念判断谓语 means方式方法 aircraft 飞机works 工厂 crossroads十字路口 deer 鹿 sheep 羊 fish 鱼This works was build in 1982 这座工厂是By far, three steelworks have been closed down in this cityThis means of transport has been triedAll possible means have been tried3）由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数chopsticks筷子 compasses 圆规glasses眼镜 gloves手套Jeans牛仔裤 pants裤子scissors剪子 shoes鞋子shorts短裤 socks短袜trousers裤子My trousers are white and his clothes are black.我的裤子是白色的他的衣服是黑色的Why are your shoes so dirty?注意;如果这些词由单位词（a pair of , a suit of , a piece of , a kind of 等）修饰时，单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.4)表示国家、人名、书名、组织机构等的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数The united States is a developed countryThe New York Times is widely read in the world.5)以-s 结尾的群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等专有名词谓语动词用复数The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plants.植物种类繁多The Niagara Falls are splendid waterfalls.6)以-S结尾的名词作主语时谓语动词用复数belongings财产 clothes衣服 plasticsearnings收入 goods货物leavings剩余 savings储存All the goods are very expensive.2.集体名词作主语时1）mankind, humanity, man 作主语时，谓语一般用单数Only man knows how to cook. 只有人懂得烹饪【注】mankind 表示“人(类)”有时表示复数意义,尤其是其表语是复数时：Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的动物.2）people, police, cattle, youth等作主语时，只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义谓语动词用复数The police are investigating the riot. 正在调查暴乱事件The cattle are grazing the the field 正在牧场吃草Many cattle were killed for this. 就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜【注】people作民族讲时有复数形式.如： There are 56 peoples in China3）family, crowd 等作主语时，根据概念确定谓语动词这类集体名词有：Army， assembly议会集会 audience band class club committee company congress议会youth crew 全体工作人员 crowd enemy family gang团伙government group herd牧群 jury population public team强调整体用单数谓语强调个体用复数谓语The family is going to move to New YorkThe family have different opinions about their going abroadThe football club committee arranges all the matchesThe football club committee have decided to dismiss him.比较：A family , a group , a class 做主语时用单数谓语Families, groups, classes 作主语时用复数谓语A group is coming to the zoo.一队人正朝着动物园走来4）baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(机器), poetry(诗), scenery(风景), jewelry(珠宝), equipment(设备)等,是不可数名词,只用单数形式,不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词)Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒.Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托运了吗?【注】machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相应的个体可数名词是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等.如：a poem / a piece of poetry(一首诗),many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery(许多机器).5）hair的用法hair(头发,毛发)指全部头发或毛发时,为集合名词(不可数)；指几根头发或毛发时,为个体名词(可数)：My hair has grown very long. 我的头发已长得很长了.The police found two hairs there. 警察在那儿找到了两根头发.6）fruit的用法fruit(水果)作为集合名词,它通常是不可数的：He doesn’t eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果.He is growing fruit in the country. 他在乡下种水果.但是,当要表示种类时,它可视为可数名词,即a fruit 指一种水果,fruits 指多种水果.比较：Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚.3.非谓语动词或从句作主语时1）非谓语动词或从句作主语时谓语动词用单数To improve agricultural land needs a lot of money.改善耕地质量需要投入大量的资金To see is to believeSwimming is a good way to keep healthHow they will solve the problem remains to be seenWhether she will come is not known2)多个非谓语动词作主语，表达一个概念谓语用单数，表达不同概念谓语用复数Going to be early and getting up early is good for your health.早睡早起一个概念Reading books and playing table tennis are my great pleasure.读书和打乒乓球Listening, speaking, reading and writing are all important.To be strict with oneself and to be kind to others are good qualities of a person三、其他情况的主谓一致1.表示距离、时间、长度、金额、质量等的复数名词作主语时常被看作是整体谓语动词用单数这类复数名词有：miles, dollars, pounds, kilograms公斤千克, kilometres公里, centimetres,厘米 millimetres毫米, seconds, hours, years等Five dollars seems a fair price 是一个公道的价格Two kilometres is not very far for the young manFive hours is a short time for such a difficult job2.如果强调数目谓语动词用复数One hundred cents make a dollarMore than twenty years have passed since they got married.3.算数中的谓语动词一般用单数形式，有时也用复数Five times eight is/are fortyFour and eight makes/make twelveSixty minus seven leaves fifty-threeForty-eight divided by six is eight4.复合不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数Everyone something anybody nowhereEveryone in the class was surprised at the newsListen! Someone is knocking at the door.Is anyone going to tell him the news?5.each one of…, every one of …, anyone of…, one of…, 等作主语时谓语用单数Each of the girl in our class has a balloon 我们班每个女孩都有一个气球Each of the students was asked to speak for three minutes.Every one of them is familiar to me. 我对他们都很熟悉6.each , every 作形容词修饰主语时谓语动词用单数但是each 作复数主语的同位语时谓语用复数Each/Every boy in our class has a skateboard一副滑板They each have a stateboardEach/Every student has an English-Chinese dictionaryThe students each have an English-Chinese dictionary7.none of + 不可数名词谓语用单数none of,neither of, + 可数名词复数/复数代词 + 谓语动词单数复数都可either of ,None of that money in the desk is his 不可数名词None of his classmates knows the truth.= None of his classmates know the truth Neither of the statements is true = Neither of the statements are true 两种说法没有一个真实Either of the qualifications is acceptable = Either of the qualifications are acceptable8.neither 与 either 做形容词修饰单数名词时谓语动词用单数Either qualification is acceptable两种资格中的任何一种都可以接受Neither qualification is acceptable9.分数百分数+ of + 名词，some of , plenty of, a lot of, lots of, most of, the rest of, all(of), half(of) 谓语常与of 后面的名词一致分数/百分数 + of + 复数名词/ 复数代词谓语动词用复数分数/百分数 + of + 单数名词/单数代词谓语动词用单数不可数名词Two thirds of the students support the plan复数名词One tenth of them are suffering from this kind of illness.复数代词Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea单数名词Eighty percent of the employees in the company are from Beijing百分数复数名词Thirty percent of its area is flooded each year.百分数单数名词The rest of the money belongs to youThe rest of the students speak for it.Half of the apple is rottenHalf of the apples are rotten10.more(…) than one…结构作主语时More(…)than one…+ 单数名词谓语用单数More + 复数名词 + than one 谓语用复数More than two + 复数名词谓语用复数More than one white rose has bloomed in the gardenMore white roses than one have bloomed in the gardenMore than two white roses have bloomed 两个以上的的白玫瑰开了11.a number of + 复数名词谓语用复数许多的The number of + 名词谓语动词用单数…的数量A number of trees are green in AprilA great number of tourists have been to the Great WallA large number of worker were out of work because the factory was destroyed in flood.The number of students in the computer class is limited to ten.The number of workers who were out of work was 1,000.12.there/here…引导句子时就近原则There are some chairs and a table in the roomThere is a table and some chairs in the roomHere are some gifts for youHere is a book, a pen and some paper for you.13.当主语后接修饰语时With, along with, together with, but, besides, except, like, including, in addition to, as well as, rather than, 谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift被作为礼物送给了这个国家The teacher, along with her students, is going to attend the lecture 听报告A peasant, together with some soldiers, is about to help us.All but one have arrived here.除了一个人外所有人都到了No one except two students was late for class.再没有其他人上课迟到The garage, in addition to the house, was burned.She as well as the other girls is going to another supermarked.You as well as I are wrong.The father, rather than the brother, is responsible.父亲而不是兄弟们应当负责14.The+ 形容词做主语时表示一类人用复数谓语表示抽象概念用单数谓语The injured were carried away on stretchers.用担架抬走了The old are more likely to catch cold than the youngThe rich are for the decision but the poor are against it.The young are always full of vitality充满了活力The unknown is always something to be feared 未知的东西总是令人害怕The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true.美未必是善善未必是真The true is to be distinguished from the false真应与假相区别The good is what people like 人们总是喜欢美好的东西In many stories, the good are well rewarded and the bad are punished.好人有好报坏人有怀抱15.all做主语时指一切表示单数概念用单数谓语，指具体人或物用复数谓语All has been tried一切都试过了All were silent 大家都一言不发All was silent 万籁俱寂All are here now 大家都在16.由 a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of, 名词+of this kind, a type of asort of 谓语动词根据of 后面的名词来定A new type of machine is on show now. 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高考英语主谓一致知识点总结
高考英语主谓一致知识点总结高考英语主谓一致知识1(一) 语法一致原则即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数.如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。
2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如:The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体,如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.如:Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我的幸福.When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。
职高英语语法 主谓一致
职高英语语法讲座--第18章主谓一致主谓一致是指：（1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
（2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
主谓一致的表现形式：1.由and连接两个名词性主语时，and后面的名词没有冠词，其谓语动词用单数形式。
由and连接两个名词作主语表示不同的人或事，句中的谓语动词用复数。
The worker and writer works in their factory. 那位工人兼作家在那家工厂工作。
A cart and horse was seen in the distance. 有人看见一架马车在远处。
Mary and Rose like English. 玛丽和罗斯喜欢英语。
2.由not only…but also，neither…nor，either…or，or，not…but等连接的主语，谓语动词与其最靠近的一个主语一致（即就近一致）。
Either you or I am wrong this time. 这一次，要么你错，要么我错。
Not only Liming but also his parents are going to visit you.不只是李明，还有他的父母将来拜访你。
3.有下列做主语的定语时，动词形式与主语一致：with together with along with主语+ but,（unlike）+ sth +V.（动词与主语保持一致）except, including besides; as well asA famous doctor together with some nurses has been sent to help us.一位著名医生及一些护士被派来帮我们。
No one except my parents knows about it. 除了我父母，没人知道那件事。
4. many a （n.）, more than one +单数名词+动词单数形式（许多）Many a student likes collecting stamps. 许多学生喜欢集邮。
高中英语2025届高考语法复习句法知识讲解(主谓一致+动词时态+助动词)
高考英语语法复习句法知识讲解一、主谓一致在英文中，谓语的形式要与主语保持一致。
比如，你、我、他是学生，中文“是”字是一样的，只有主语不同。
英文的动词要根据主语不同而改变：I am，you are，he is。
主谓一致有三大原则：语法一致，意义一致，就近一致。
（一）语法一致名词是单数，谓语动词是单数。
不可数名词、集体名词、动词不定式、动名词等，谓语动词也用单数。
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
The team is playing well. 这个团队表现得很好。
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
Swimming is good exercise. 游泳是一项很好的运动。
记住：绝大多数都用单数，只有明确的复数名词，谓语动词才用复数。
My parents are teachers. 我的父母都是老师。
The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子很合适。
鞋、裤子、眼镜，只能是复数，如果前面加上“一双”“一条”，后面的动词就是单数。
A pair of glasses is very expensive. 一副眼镜很贵。
要想搞清楚谓语用单数还是复数，一定要准确锁定主语。
All except me in my family are going to the park. 很显然，all才是真正的主语，所以是复数。
She as well as the other girls is reading a book. 在这里，She才是真正的主语，所以是单数。
"more than one +名词"作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
例如：More than one teacher gets the flowers."half of, the rest of, most of, all of, 百分数/分数+of +名词"作主语时，谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定。
高考主谓一致知识点归纳
高考主谓一致知识点归纳高考英语中，主谓一致是一个重要的语法知识点。
在句子中，谓语动词的单复数形式要与主语保持一致，这是英语语法中最基本的规则之一。
在考试中，掌握好主谓一致的知识点对于正确理解和构造句子至关重要。
本文将对高考中主谓一致的知识点进行归纳总结。
一、基本概念主谓一致是指谓语动词的单复数形式与句子的主语在数上保持一致。
当主语是单数时，谓语动词也要用单数形式；当主语是复数时，谓语动词也要用复数形式。
这个规则对于英语句子的语法正确性至关重要。
二、一般规则在一般情况下，主谓一致是按照单数和复数形式来判断的。
下面是一些常见的情况:1. 当主语是第三人称单数代词（he、she、it）时，谓语动词要使用单数形式。
例如：He likes to read books.2. 当主语是第三人称单数名词时，谓语动词要使用单数形式。
例如：The dog barks at strangers.3. 当主语是第三人称复数代词（they）时，谓语动词要使用复数形式。
例如：They are eating lunch.4. 当主语是第三人称复数名词时，谓语动词要使用复数形式。
例如：The girls play soccer every Saturday.三、特殊情况除了一般规则外，还有一些特殊情况需要特别注意。
下面是一些常见的特殊情况及解释：1. 连系动词和主语一致。
当谓语动词是“be”等连系动词时，其形式要与主语保持一致。
例如：She is a doctor.2. 由“there”引导的句子。
当句子以“There”作为形式主语时，谓语动词的形式要与后面的真正主语保持一致。
例如：There are two apples on the table.3. 复合主语的一致性。
当句子中有两个或更多的主语时，谓语动词的形式要与紧靠它的主语保持一致。
例如：The cat and the dog are playing in the garden.四、注意事项在考试中，还有一些需要特别注意的事项：1. 特殊名词的复数形式。
高考英语主谓一致1
高考英语主谓一致115. 主谓一致主谓一致是指：1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，一样来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。
There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.15.1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数Reading and writing are very important.注意：当主语由and连结时，假如它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 现在连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.典型例题The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. isB. wasC. areD. were答案B. 注：先从时态上考虑。
这是过去发生的情况应用过去时，先排除A.，C.。
本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 仿佛是两个人，但认真辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。
后面的职务用and 相连。
如此本题主语为一个人，因此应选B。
15.2 主谓一致中的靠近原则1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.2）当either… or… 与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。
英语主谓一致ppt课件
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③主语是 either，neither，the other 或主语被 either， neither 修饰时。例如： Either of the answers is correct. Neither answer proves to be correct. ④every/some/any/no＋body/one/thing 构成的复合不定代词 做主语时。例如： Nobody is absent. ⑤主语是“a kind/sort/type of＋单数或复数名词”时，因为 kind/sort/type 是短语中的中心词，也是信息的焦点，所以， 谓语应与其一致。例：This kind of wheat isn't grown in our country.
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(二)主谓一致细说 1．谓语用单数时的情况 (1)不可数名词做主语时。例如： There is a lot of water in the jar. 特别提醒：不可数名词前若有表示数量的物量词，则谓语动 词与物量词本身的形式一致。例如： One million tons of oil were produced last year.
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(8)在四则运算中，加法、乘法后面的谓语动词用单、复数均 可，减法、除法后面的谓语动词只能用单数。例如： Three plus three makes/make six. Thirtyfive divided by five is seven.
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4．谓语与相邻的那个主语一致 (1)either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also，not...but， or 等连接两个并列的主语时，谓语须与靠近的那一个主语一 致。例如： Either you or I am wrong. Are neither you nor he for the plan? (2)在 here is，there is 或其他状语提前的倒装句中，谓语动 词的形式也适用邻近原则。例如： Here is a pen and two pieces of paper for you.
英语主谓一致讲解ppt课件
作单数用 ） These kinds of apple(s) are sweet . （总作复数用） Apples of this kind are sweet . （总作复数用）
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为 的，应 当按照 消费者 的要求 增加赔 偿其受 到的损 失，增 加赔偿 的金额 为消费 者购买 商品的 价款或 接受服 务的费 用
41. Early to bed and early to rise ______ a man healthy, happy and wise.
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为 的，应 当按照 消费者 的要求 增加赔 偿其受 到的损 失，增 加赔偿 的金额 为消费 者购买 商品的 价款或 接受服 务的费 用
什么是主谓一致？
主谓一致：英语句子中，主语的“人称”和 “数”要限制、决定谓语动词的形式变化， 这就叫“主谓一致”关系。
它通常依据三项原则： 1）语法一致 (必考) 2）意义一致； 3）就近一致。（必考）
______ some history, enough at least, to survive in the world. a. knows b. know c. is known d. are known
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为 的，应 当按照 消费者 的要求 增加赔 偿其受 到的损 失，增 加赔偿 的金额 为消费 者购买 商品的 价款或 接受服 务的费 用
2024年春季中职英语高考二轮复习专题《主谓一致》课件
• 主谓一致，指主语和谓语之间在“人称” 和“数”方面的一致关系。
• 主谓的对应关系遵循三项原则：
• 语法一致 意义一致 就近一致
语法一致原则
• 1. and连接两个或两个以上的名词或者代词作主语时， 有以下情况：
• 1）如果是两个或两个以上不同的人或事物时（通常 and连接的两个作主语的名词前都有冠词修饰),则谓语 动词用复数形式。
1. 主语中有all，half, most, the rest 等，以及“分数 或百分数十名词”作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决 于与其连用的名词。如：
• 60% of the apple was caten by the little boy.
• Most of them are leaving for Beijing next weck. 2.不定数量的词组，如 part of, a lot of, lots of, one of, a number of, plenty of 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复 数取决于 of 后面的名词。如：
A part of the textbooks have arrived .
Plenty of fresh vegetables are helpful to our health. 3.加减乘除用单数。如： Fifteen minus five is ten.15 减去5等手 10
• 4.表示“总量”或“总和”的时间，金钱，距离，重量， 容量等的复数名词做主语时，他们作为一个单一的 概念，其谓语动词用单数形式。
4. each of+复数代词，谓语动词用单数形式；复数代词 +each，谓语动词用复数形式。 • Each of us has something to say.我们每个人都有话要说。 • we each have a map.我们每人都有一张地图。
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• 7. 由any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所构成 • 的不定代词作主语。 • 8. 非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。
• Collecting stamps is what he likes.
• Whatever was left was taken away. • 9. 单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。 • 10. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用
谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致?
We Chinese ____ a hard-working people．
A．is
B．are
C．is being D．are being
此题应选B。这里应注意的是：我们通常说 的是主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持一致），而不 是表谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致），本题意 为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。
• 2. 1) Every … and (every)…
• 2) each …and (each… 3)no …and (no)…, • 4) many a …and (many a)…连接两个单数名词作
主语,谓语用单数。
• Every desk and every chair is made of wood.
• with , along with , together with , including , but , except , like , among , as well as , no more than , besides , rather than +名词”置于主语 后，谓语动词一般仍和前面的名词在 单复数上保持一致。
单数 形式。如：
• One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。
• 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓 语动词用单数形式。 如：
To see is to believe. 眼见为实 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area. 5. 以s 结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、
书籍、报刊等名称作主语。 6. 表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，
表达一个整体概念时。
Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.
意义一致的原则
（一）谓语动词为单数的情况
1. 由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念， 兼具身份或匹配出现。
The worker and writer is from Wuhan. (那个工人兼作家…) (比较：The worker and the writer are from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家) Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.
• Many a boy and girl has made the same
• mistake. • 3. one/every one /each/either/ the number+of +复
数名词作主语，
• Each of the students has a book. 谓语用单数。
4. clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命的集合 名词作主语。
B．are，are
C．is，are D．are，is 此题应选C。family是一个集合名词，具有单
数(侧重指整体)和复数(侧重指个体)两种可能。类
似这种用法的词主要的有：
team(队，队员)，class(班，班上的全体学生)，
crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘务员)，
committee(委员会，委员们)，audience(听众)等：
• 谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词单复数保持一致。
就近一致原则
由or , either …or, neither…nor, not only…but also 等连接的并列主语，谓语 动词常和靠近的作主语的名词有单复数 上保持一致。
Not only he but also I am invited. Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress.
• This class consists of 45 students. Mr Green teaches it．
• 这个班45个学生，由格林先生教。
• This class are all diligent. Mr Green teaches them.
• 这个班的学生都很用功，由格林先生 教。
• It was late, but the audience was increasing. • 时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加。 • The audience were all moved to tears. • 听众都感动得流了泪。 The team is the best in the league． 这个队在联赛中打得最好。 The football team are having baths． 足球队队员们在洗澡。
并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致 ？
1. You or he _______ to blame． 你或他有一人要受责备。
His family is a great one. His family are music lovers. 2. means, works, pains等词，根据主语表达的概念 而定。
The steel works is near the station. Two new steel works are being built.
作主语。 The police are looking for the missing child. 3. goods, stairs, arms 等名词作主语。
• 4. 由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的专有 名词作主语。
• The Olympic Games are held once every four years.
Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
• Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。Байду номын сангаас
• 不定代词somebody, someone, something,
books． • The country's leading export is watches． • The best part of the meal is the coffee and
cookies．
• 但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种 可能，它的谓语到底用单数还是复数，要看具体
的语境（多数情况是看其后面词语的单复数）， 例如：
• 但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法：
• 1. 有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数)：clothing 衣服，poetry 诗歌，baggage／luggage 行李， furniture家俱，machinery 机械，scenery 景色， jewellery珠宝等。
• 2. 有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用复数 形式)：people人，police警察，cattle牲口等。
Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师
• a number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复 数； the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用 单数。
A number of famous people were invited to
a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。 如：
A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。
• 当主语部分含有with，together with， along with，as well as，besides，except ，but，like 等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数 形式。如：
party. 许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。
The number of the students is over eight
hundred. 我们学校的学生数超过800人。
（二）谓语动词为复数的情况
1. 由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同 的概念。
Both bread and butter are sold out. 2. people , police, cattle 等有生命的集体名词
• 3. “kind, sort, pair, type +名词” 作主语，以这 些名词本身的单复数而定。
• 4. all, none, some, any 等不定代词作主语，根据 其指代的内容而定。
• All are present .
• All the food tastes good.
• 5. “half / most / enough / part / the rest / the last / lots / plenty / 分数、百分数 + of + 名词”作主语:
• The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.
集合名词作主语，谓语的数如何确定?