语法专题二：名词性从句

语法专题二：名词性从句
语法专题二：名词性从句
1. 名词性从句的基本概念：
1) 主语从句：在句中充当主语；亦可用it作形式主语，主语从句
置于句末。

2) 宾语从句：在句中充当及物动词或介词的宾语；亦可用it作形
式宾语，宾语从句置于句末。

3) 表语从句：在句中充当系动词的表语。

4) 同位语从句：常置于fact, idea, news, promise, doubt,
suggestion, possibility, belief等表示有内容的名词后，起解释、说明
作用。

2. 注意：
1) 名词性从句要用陈述句语序。

2) 名词性从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语时：常用what 导，亦可
用which表示选择，用who/whom/whoever指人。

缺少状语：用where（表地点）, when（表时间）, how（表方
式）, why（表原因）。

3) 如不缺成份：主语从句、同位语从句用that引导，不能省略；
表从、单个动词宾从可省略引导词that；
介词宾从、第二个宾从，引导词that一般不省略；
当主从、宾从本身为复合句时，引导词that不省略。

如：He told us sadly that what he had done secretly was
discovered by his parents.
4) 含宾从的复合句中，主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句
中表示是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。

5) 主语从句做主语，谓语动词用单数；如果由and 连接两个或两
个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词
引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。

6) 当主句是I/We think（或suppose, expect, believe, imagine, guess）时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定的，常常把否定词not从从句中移到主句中。

7) 只能用whether，不能用if表示“是否”的情况如下：
(1) 在表语从句和同位语从句中；
(2) 在主语从句中，如果用it做形式主语，whether和if都能引导主语从句，否则，只能用whether
(3) 在介词之后；
(4) 后面直接跟动词不定式；
(5) 与or not连用；
(6) 引导让步状语从句，只能用whether。

8) 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
同位语从句常放在表示具体含义的名词后，解释名词的含义或内容，该名词在从句中不充当成份；定语从句是对先行词限定和修饰，先行词在定语从句中充当成分。

巩固练习：
1. We should think carefully about ______ Mr. Needham said at the meeting.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. /
2. ______ you have s een things like these before doesn’t matter.
A. If
B. Whether
C. What
D. When
3. She took it for granted ______ I’d be back home an hour ago.
A. that
B. whether
C. if
D. when
4. At that time I had no idea ______ I cou ld hand it to him without being seen.
A. if
B. how
C. which
D. that how
5. Last Sunday he promised ______ today, but he hasn’t appeared yet.
A. that he would come
B. that he will come
C. he will come to see me
D. whether he would come
6. What a pity ______ is ______ you didn’t arrive by daylight.
A. there; because
B. it; that
C. he; when
D. that; for
7. Father made a promise ______ I passed the examination he would buy me a new dictionary.
A. that
B. if
C. whether
D. that if
8. ______ is the most useful invention?
A. Do you think which of these
B. Which of these do you think
C. Which of these you think
D. You think which of these
9. ---I believe ______ you’ve done your best and ______ things will improve.
---Thank you.
A. that; /
B. /; /
C. what; that
D. /; that
10. It depends on ______ we have enough time.
A. if
B. if or not
C. that
D. whether
11. You will realize ______ breaks the law will be punished.
A. that those who
B. that those that
C. whoever
D. those whoever
12. I don’t doubt ______ he will come.
A. that
B. if
C. what
D. whether
13. When and why he came here ______ yet.
A. is not known
B. are not known
C. has not known
D. have not been known
14. The city is no longer ______.
A. what it is
B. that it used to be
C. which it was
D. what it used to be
15. ______ was the idea ______ the wife thought of ?
A. What; that
B. That; what
C. How; why
D. Why;
how
16. One of the men held the view ______ the book said was right.
A. what that
B. that what
C. that which
D. which that
17. ______ you don’t like him is none of my business.
A. What
B. Who
C. That
D. Whether
18. ______ he really means is ______ he disagrees with us.
A. What; that
B. That; what
C. Why; that
D. If; what
19. --- Don’t you believe me?
---______. I’ll believe ______ you say.
A. No; whatever
B. Yes; no matter what
C. Yes; whatever
D. No; no matter what
20. Lei Feng was always thinking of ______ he could help others.
A. that
B. how
C. when
D. which
21. Can you tell me ______?
A. who is that woman
B. who the woman is
C. whom is the woman
D. that woman is
22. Output is now six times ______ it was before liberation.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. those
23. After months of research there was little hope ______ the lost car might be found.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. how
名词性从句：BBABABDBDDCAADABCACBBCA。