食品细菌污染与腐败质Bacterial contamination and food
_中英文_附录2 WHO药品GMP指南

9. Personnel 人员 General 概述 Key personnel 关键人员 10. Training 培训 11. Personal hygiene 人员卫生 12. Premises 厂房 General 概述 Ancillary areas 辅助区域 Storage areas 仓储区域 Weighing areas 称量区域 Production areas 生产区域 Quality control areas QC区域 13. Equipment 设备 14. Materials 物料 General 概述 Starting materials 起始物料 Packaging materials 包装材料 Intermediate and bulk products 中间体和成品 Finished products 制剂 Rejected, recovered, reprocessed and reworked materials 不合格、回收、返工和重 加工物料 Recalled products 召回产品 Returned goods 退货 Reagents and culture media 试剂和培养基 Reference standards 标准品 Waste materials 废弃物料 Miscellaneous 其他 15. Documentation 文件 General 概述 Documents required 需要的文件 16. Good practices in production 生产良好规范 General 概述 Prevention of cross-contamination and bacterial contamination during production生产 过程中交叉污染和额细菌污染的预防
contamination的用法

contamination的用法【原创实用版】目录1.Contamination 的含义2.Contamination 的用法2.1 在环境中的用法2.2 在人体中的用法2.3 在食品中的用法正文【Contamination 的含义】Contamination 是指在自然界、生物体、食品等中混入有害的物质或因素,导致其纯度、品质、安全性降低或产生危害的现象。
在环境、人体和食品等方面都可能发生污染。
【Contamination 的用法】【2.1 在环境中的用法】在环境中,contamination 通常指化学物质、微生物、放射性物质等对大气、水体、土壤等自然环境的污染。
例如:- Air contamination(空气污染):指大气中混入有害气体、颗粒物等,对人类健康和生态环境产生危害。
- Water contamination(水污染):指水体中混入有害物质,使水质下降,影响人类生活和生态环境。
- Soil contamination(土壤污染):指土壤中混入有毒化学物质、重金属等,导致土壤肥力下降,影响农作物生长和人类健康。
【2.2 在人体中的用法】在人体中,contamination 通常指外部有害物质进入人体,导致人体健康受损。
例如:- Food contamination(食品污染):指食品中混入有毒物质、细菌、病毒等,对人体健康产生危害。
- Blood contamination(血液污染):指病毒、细菌等进入血液,导致血液系统受损,危及生命。
【2.3 在食品中的用法】在食品中,contamination 通常指食品加工、储存、运输等过程中,混入有害物质,导致食品不安全。
例如:- Food contamination(食品污染):可以是化学污染,如农药残留、重金属污染;生物污染,如细菌、病毒、寄生虫等;或者物理污染,如玻璃碎片、杂质等。
总之,contamination 的用法广泛,涉及环境、人体和食品等多个领域。
食物污染的英文作文带翻译

食物污染的英文作文带翻译Food contamination is a serious issue that affects people's health and well-being. It can occur in variousways and has the potential to cause widespread harm. Let's take a closer look at this problem.Firstly, there is the issue of chemical contamination. Pesticides and other harmful chemicals can find their way into our food through improper use or contamination of soil and water sources. This can lead to long-term health problems for consumers, such as organ damage or even cancer. It is crucial for authorities to monitor and regulate the use of chemicals in food production to prevent such contamination.Secondly, there is the risk of bacterial contamination. Bacteria like Salmonella or E. coli can contaminate food during processing, handling, or storage. Consuming contaminated food can result in food poisoning, with symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to severe illness. Itis essential for food producers and handlers to maintain strict hygiene practices to prevent the spread of bacteria and ensure the safety of the food we consume.Furthermore, cross-contamination is another significant concern. This occurs when bacteria or other harmful substances are transferred from one food item to another, usually through improper handling or storage. For example,if raw meat comes into contact with ready-to-eat food, it can lead to the spread of harmful bacteria. Proper separation and storage of different food items are crucialto prevent cross-contamination and protect consumers from potential health risks.In addition to bacteria and chemicals, physical contamination is also a problem. This refers to thepresence of foreign objects in food, such as glass, metal,or plastic. These objects can accidentally find their way into the food during processing or packaging, posing a choking hazard or causing injury if consumed. Stringent quality control measures are necessary to detect and remove any physical contaminants before the food reaches consumers.Lastly, food fraud is a form of contamination that involves intentionally misrepresenting the quality ororigin of food products. This can include selling counterfeit or adulterated food, mislabeling products, or substituting cheaper ingredients for more expensive ones. Food fraud not only deceives consumers but can also pose health risks if unsafe or unregulated ingredients are used. Strict regulations and enforcement are necessary to prevent and detect food fraud and ensure the integrity of the food supply chain.食物污染是一个严重的问题,影响着人们的健康和福祉。
食品安全学

食品安全学:食品卫生学的定义定义:为确保食品安全性和适用性在食物链的所有阶段必须采取的一切条件和措施Food contaminations & its prevention strategy(食品污染及其预防)定义:从种植、养殖到生产、加工、运输、销售、烹调直至餐桌的整个过程中的各个环节,都有可能出现某些有害物质,使食品受到污染,以致降低食品卫生质量,严重时会对人体造成不同程度的危害。
Classification of Food Contaminants(食品污染物的分类)生物性污染:非致病性、相对致病性和致病性:细菌、细菌毒素霉菌、霉菌毒素寄生虫病毒 (Virus)化学性污染:Chemical Contaminants (化学性污染)食品在生产、储藏、运输和销售环节混入的化学性污染物农药、兽药有毒金属多环芳烃化合物、N-亚硝基化合物、杂环胺、二噁英 (polycyclic, n-nitro, dioxins compounds)物理性污染:食品在生产、储藏、运输和销售环节混入的非化学性污染物掺假物质如沙石、糖放射性污染 Classification食品污染的分类:内源性污染:食品原料在种植或养殖的过程中,由其自身带的生物性、化学性和放射性的污染物所造成的食品的污染。
外源性污染:食品在生产加工、运输、储藏、销售等过程中,受到外界环境中微生物的污染。
Salmonella (沙门氏菌)沙门氏菌生物学特性:革兰氏阴性;两端钝园的短杆菌;无芽孢;兼性厌氧;最适生长繁殖温度为20-37℃;最适pH为7(9<pH<4: 死亡);不耐热(60oC:死亡);不耐盐(90g/L: 死亡);水中不易繁殖,但可生存2-3周;在自然环境的粪便中可存活1-2月引起人体食物中毒的沙门氏菌主要来源于动物性食品: 家禽(Poultry);肉类 (Meat);奶类 (Milk);蛋 (Eggs)沙门氏菌的传播途径:人和动物的粪便、尿液、乳汁;人和动物的流产胎儿、胎衣和羊水;污染水源、土壤、饲料;烹饪过程中交叉污染沙门氏菌属食物中毒的临床表现:胃肠类型伤寒型败血症型预防措施:1.防止食物被沙门氏菌污染:畜、禽在宰杀前必须进行严格的兽医检验;严格防止携带沙门氏菌的肉类食品流入市场;在屠宰健康家禽、家畜因严格遵守卫生要求,避免肉收到带菌皮毛、粪便、污水、容器等污染;食品在贮藏、运输、加工、销售和烹饪环节应加强卫生管理,避免交叉污染;食品从业人员定期进行肠道沙门氏菌情况的检查2. 控制食品中沙门氏菌的生长繁殖,低温贮藏可控制沙门氏菌繁殖3. 食用前彻底杀灭沙门氏菌,充分加热杀死致病菌,蛋类应煮沸8-10min 。
微生物引起的食品污染与腐败变质—食品腐败变质的控制和保藏(食品微生物检验技术课件)

超高温杀菌
采用137.8℃ 加热2s的方法
二、低温抑菌保藏法
原理
在低温下,降低食品本身酶的活性及食品内化学反应速度,减弱 或抑制食品中微生物的生长繁殖。
低温保藏一般可分为冷藏和冷冻两种方式。
食品的冷藏
食品的藏的目的,食品中水分含量(水活性)需降至一定限度 以下,使微生物不能生长,同时,酶的活性也受到抑制,从而防止 食品的腐败变质。
特别适合于鲜肉、果蔬的保鲜,还可用于谷物、鸡蛋、肉类、鱼产 品等的保鲜或保藏。
课程小节
食品保藏的原理
七种常用食品保藏方法的原理
一、加热杀菌保藏法
原理
加热杀菌的目的在于杀灭微生物,破坏食品中的酶类,明 显地控制食品的腐败变质,延长保存时间。
大部分微生物营养细胞在60℃停留30min便死亡。
一、加热杀菌保藏法
加热杀菌类型
常压杀菌
用在100℃下 煮沸20min的方法
巴氏消毒法
在63 ℃处理 30min的方法
高压杀菌
在121℃(压力为 1Kg/cm2)处理20 ~
食品腐败变质的控制和保藏
课程目标
01 掌握食品保藏的原理
02 熟悉控制食品腐败变质的方法:
食品加热杀菌保藏、食品低温抑 菌保藏、食品高渗透压保藏等
针对食品腐败变质的原因,采取不同控制措施即食品 保藏技术,可减少甚至消除食品的腐败变质。
食品保藏的原理是围绕着防止微生物污染、杀灭或抑 制微生物生长繁殖以及延缓食品自身组织酶的分解作 用而采用物理学、化学和生物学方法,使食品在尽可 能长的时间内保持其原有的营养价值、色、香、味及 良好的感官性状。
方法主要有:日晒、阴干、干燥、减压蒸发和冷冻干燥等。
食品专业英语单词汇总

食品专业英语单词汇总Aabattoir 屠宰场abdominal cramps 腹绞痛aborigine 土著abundant 大量的acetic 醋酸achieved 形成activator 活化剂active agent 活性剂acute 急性的acyl 酰基adequate 足够的adhere 遵守adverse 不利的aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素agent to 作...用的agitation 搅拌albumin 蛋清aldehyde 醛algae 藻类aligned 整齐的alkaloid 生物碱allergen 过敏源alternative 替代品amber 琥珀amine 胺amino acid 氨基酸ammonia 氨气amongst ...之一amylase 淀粉酶amylopectin 支链淀粉amylose 直链淀粉Anaemia 贫血anatomy 分析anthelmintic 驱虫剂anthocyanin 花青素antibacterial agent 抑菌物质antibiotic 抗生素anti-carcinogeic 抗癌的antifungal agent 抑菌剂antiseptic 防腐的aortic valve 主动脉瓣appetite 食欲、饮食习惯applie to 适用于apricot 杏aqueous 水的archaeological 考古学的aroma 香味aromatic 芳香族的arose 上升artery 动脉ascorbic acid 抗坏血酸Asia Minor 小亚细亚aspect 方面Aspergillus 曲霉association 缔合assurance 确保asthma 哮喘atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化atomic 原子的attribute 属性authenticity 真实性Autolysis 自溶Bbacilli 杆菌Bacillius cereus 蜡样芽孢杆菌bacillus 杆菌backup 备份bacterial contamination 细菌污染balanced diet 均衡膳食bale salt 胆汁盐barley 大麦barley bran 大麦麸barren 贫瘠的basic fuchsin 品红beetroot 甜菜根behave 表现、起某种作用belt 传送带benzoic acid 苯甲酸Beri beri 脚气病Bifidobacterium bifidi 双歧杆菌bile 胆汁bind 与...结合bind to 与。
微生物引起的食品污染与腐败变质课件

食品污染和腐败变质是由微生物引起的常见问题,本课件将介绍微生物引起 的食品污染和腐败变质的影响以及预防方法。
微生物引起的食品污染
霉菌
霉菌可以引起食品变质,如发霉、产生毒素等。
细菌
细菌是常见的食品污染微生物,如沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌等。
病毒
病毒是一种潜在的食品污染源,如诺如病毒、腺病毒等。
微生物引起的腐败变质
1
蛋白质分解
微生物分解食物中的蛋白质,导致食物表面变黑、腐烂。
2
氧化反应
微生物与食物中的氧气反应,引起食物的氧化变质,如发酸。
3
糖分发酵
微生物利用食物中的糖分进行发酵,产生酸性物质,导致食物变。常见的食品污染微生物
沙门氏菌
常见于家禽、蛋制品和肉类, 可以引起食物中毒。
大肠杆菌
微生物引起食品污染的影响
1 人体健康风险
食品污染微生物可能引起食物中毒和食源性疾病。
2 经济损失
食品污染导致产品被召回、销毁,造成企业巨大的经济损失。
3 食品品质下降
食品污染和腐败变质会导致食物味道变坏、营养价值降低。
预防微生物引起的食品污染的方法
清洁卫生
保持加工环境的清洁卫生,减少污染源。
充分加热
3 预防食品污染方法
清洁卫生、适当储存、充分加热和采用保鲜技术可以预防微生物引起的食品污染。
存在于不洁净的水源或未经充 分烹饪的食物中,可能导致肠 道疾病。
金黄色葡萄球菌
常出现在高蛋白食品和糕点中, 引起食物中毒和急性胃肠炎。
食品腐败的微生物
霉菌
酵母菌
霉菌通常会导致食品变绿、发霉、 产生毒素。
酵母菌会引起食物发酵,导致水 果腐烂和发酵食品产生酸味。
食品安全淀粉肠英语作文

The Importance of Food Safety: The Case ofStarch-Based SausagesIn the fast-paced world of today, food safety has become a paramount concern for consumers and manufacturers alike. Starch-based sausages, a popular processed food item, are no exception to this rule. The significance of ensuring the safety of these products cannot be overstated, given their widespread consumption and potential impact on public health.The manufacturing process of starch-based sausages involves several stages, each carrying its own set ofsafety risks. It starts with the selection of ingredients, which must comply with strict quality standards. The use of fresh, uncontaminated raw materials is crucial to prevent bacterial contamination and other foodborne illnesses. Furthermore, the processing equipment must be sanitized regularly to eliminate any harmful microorganisms thatcould contaminate the food.During the production process, temperature control is paramount. Improper cooking temperatures can lead to the formation of harmful bacteria or toxins, which can pose aserious threat to consumers' health. Therefore, manufacturers must adhere to strict temperature guidelines to ensure that the sausages are cooked thoroughly and safely.Moreover, the packaging of starch-based sausages is another crucial aspect of food safety. Packages must be tamper-proof and able to maintain the freshness and quality of the product. They should also provide clear information about the product's ingredients, expiration date, and manufacturer's contact information, allowing consumers to make informed decisions about their purchases.In addition to these manufacturing considerations, it is also essential to have a robust quality control systemin place. Regular testing and inspections ensure that the sausages meet all safety standards and are free from harmful contaminants. Manufacturers must also be prepared to respond promptly to any food safety incidents, implementing corrective measures to prevent future occurrences.Consumers also play a crucial role in ensuring food safety. They should be aware of the importance of readingand understanding food labels, checking expiration dates, and storing foods properly. By practicing these simple precautions, they can help reduce the risk of foodborne illnesses and protect their own health.In conclusion, the safety of starch-based sausages is paramount and requires a combination of efforts from manufacturers, regulators, and consumers. By adhering to strict safety guidelines, ensuring quality control, and practicing good food safety habits, we can all contributeto a safer and healthier food supply.**食品安全的重要性:以淀粉肠为例**在当今快节奏的社会中,食品安全已成为消费者和制造商共同关注的重要问题。