2013年6月英语四级仔细阅读第二篇答案及解析(沪江网校版)
2013年6月份英语四级题目和答案
Part III Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.11.W: What are you doing in here, Sir? Didn't you see the private sign over there?M: I'm sorry. I didn't notice it when I came in. I'm looking for the manager's office.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?12.W: Mike, what's the problem? You've known from month the report is due today.M: I know, but I'm afraid I need another few days. The data is hard to interpret than I expected.Q: What does the man mean?13.W: Excuse me, Tony. Has my parcel from New York arrived?M: Unfortunately, it's been delayed due to the bad weather.Q: What is the woman waiting for?14.W: Pam said we won't have the psychology test until the end of next week.M: Ellen, you should know better than to take Pam's words for anything.Q: What doesthe man imply about Pam?15.W: Tom, would you please watch my suitcase for a minute? I need to go make a quick phone call. M: Yeah, sure. Take your time. Our train doesn’t leave for another twenty minutes.Q: What does the man mean?16.M: Frankly, Mary is not what I'd called easy-going.W: I see. People in our neighborhood find it hard to believe she's my twin sister.Q: What does the woman imply?17.M: How soon do you think this can be cleaned?W: We have same day service, sir. You can pick up your suit after five o'clock.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?18.W: I really enjoy that piece you just play on the piano. I bet you get a lot of requests for it.M: You said it. People just can't get enough of it.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?Section BQuestions 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.W: Good afternoon, Mr. Jones. I am Teresa Chen, and I’ll be interviewing you. How are you today? M: I am fine, thank you. And you, Miss Chen?W: Good, Thanks. Can you tell me something about your experience in this kind of work?M: Well, for several years, I managed a department for the Brownstone Company in Detroit, Michigan. Now I work part time because I also go to school at night. I’m getting a business degree.W: Oh, how interesting. Tell me, why do you want to leave your present job?M: I’ll finish school in a few months, and I’d like a full-time position with more responsibility.W: And why would you like to work for our company?M: Because I know your company’s work and I like it.W: Could you please tell me about your special skills and interests?M: Of course, I’m good at computers and I can speak Spanish. I used to take classes in Spanish at the local college. And I like travelling a lot.W: Can you give me any references?M: Yes, certainly. You can talk to Mr. McCaw, my boss, at the Brownstone Company. I could also give you the names and numbers of several of my teachers.W: All right, Mr. Jones, and would you like to ask me any questions?M: Yes, I wonder when I’ll be informed about my application for the job.W: Well, we’ll let you know as soon as possible. Let’s stay in touch. Thank you very much for coming this afternoon.M: Thank you.Questions 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What does the man say about his working experience?20. Why does the man want to leave his present job?21. What is the man interested in?22. What question did the man ask the woman？Questions 23-25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.M: Lisa, Lisa! Over here, darling! It's wonderful to see you. Oh, Lisa, you look marvelous.W: Oh, Paul, you look tired. Two months away in the capital? Paul, I think you've been working too hard.M: I'm fine. The city is very hot this time of the year. It's good to get back to some fresh air. You know, Lisa, what they say about pregnant women really is true.W: What's that Paul?M: They say they look beautiful.W: Well, I had a lot of tension while you've been studying hard on your course in D.C.M: Oh?W: Oh, don't worry, all from a man over 50. Father has told all his business friends the good news about the baby. And the phone hasn't stopped ringing.M: Oh, look, darling. There's a taxi.W: Paul, tell me about the special project you mentioned on the phone. You sounded very excited about it!M: You know, I've learned a lot from the project. I'm surprised that was still in business.W: That's because we have a wonderful sales manager ——you!M: Thanks. But that's not the problem at all. Lisa, our little company, and it is little compared to the giants in the city. Our little company's in danger. We are out of date.We need to expand. If we don't, we will be swallowed up by one of the giants.Questions 23-25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. What do we learn about Lisa?24. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?25. What does the man say about his company?Section CPassage 1Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.Farmington, Utah, is a more pleasant community since a local girls' 4-H club improved Main Street. Six 4-H girls worked to clean the 72 foot curbside that was covered with weeds, rocks and trash. Each member volunteered to clean up and to dig in plot, five flats of flowers. They also took terms in watering, weeding and maintaining the plot. Participation in this project helped the girls developed a new attitude towards their parents of their own homes; they've learned how to work with tools, and improve their work habits. One mother said that before her daughter was involved in this project, she would not even pour a weed. The experience on Main Street stimulated self-improvement, and encouraged members to take pride in their home grounds and the total community. City officials cooperated with the 4-H members in planting trees, building cooking facilities, pick-me tables, swings and public rest rooms. The 4-H girls planted trees and took care of them during the early stages of growth. The total park project needed more plantings in the following years. Members of the 4-H club agreed to follow the project through to completion, because they receive satisfaction from the results of constructive work. The project is a growing one and is spread from the park to the school and the shopping center. Trees and flowers have all been planted in the shopping center, making the atmosphere pleasant.Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. What do we learn about Main Street in Farmington?27. What do the 4-H club members do about the curbside?28. What have the 4-H girls learned from the project?29. Why do the 4-H girls agree to follow the park project through to complete.Question 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.Passage 2According to a survey on reading conducted in 2001 by the U.S. National Education Association (NEA), young Americans say reading is important, more important than computers and science. Over 50% of the 12 to 18 years old interviewed say they enjoy reading a lot. 79% find it stimulating and interesting. And 87% think it is relaxing. About 68% of those surveyed disagreed with the opinion that reading is boring or old-fashioned.Over half teenagers interviewed said they read more than ten books a year. The results also show that middle school students read more books than high schoolers. Over 66% of teens like to read fiction, such as novels and stories. Over 26% are interested in non-fiction, such history books.64% of students listed reading stories about people my own age. That's a favorite topic. Mysteries and detective stories came second on the list at 53%. Just under 50% said they were interested in reading about their own culture in tradition. Of the teenagers who participated in the survey, 49% said that libraries are where they get most of their books. However, many complain that theirschool libraries do not have enough up-to-date interesting books and magazines. Even though many teenagers in the US enjoy reading, they still have other interests. When asked which activity would be the most difficult to give up for a week, 48% said listening to music. TV would be difficult to give up for 25% of those surveyed.Question 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. What does the survey on teenager reading show?31. What books are most popular among teenagers according to the survey?32. What activity do teenagers find the most difficult to give up for a week?Questions 33-35 are based on the passage you have just heard.Passage 3Thank you for coming, everyone. Today’s presentation will show how we see the development of the motor car in the short to medium term, and that is why we have invited all of you here today. Let’s start with power. It’s clear that petrol-driven engines have no future. Already there are many alternative fuel vehicles on the market, powered by anything from solar power to natural gas. Some independent thinkers have even produced cars that run on vegetable oil. But as we all know, of all these alternative fuel vehicles, the most practical are electric vehicles. Sure, in the past electric vehicles have their problems, namely, a limited driving range, and very few recharging points, which limited their use. Now, however, recent developments in electric vehicle technology mean they can match conventional petrol engines in terms of performance and safety. Let’s not forget that electric vehicles ar e cleaner. Plus, importantly, the power source is rechargeable, so this does not involve using any valuable resources. Moving on to communications, very soon, cars will be linked to GPS satellites, so they’ll do all the driving for you. What controls remain for the users will be audio-based, so, for example, you’ll just have to say “a bit warmer”, and the air conditioning will adjust automatically. You’ll also be able to receive email, music and movies, all via an internet link. So just type in the destination you want, sit back, sleep, watch your movie, whatever.Questions 33-35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. What is the presentation mainly about?34. What used to restrict the use of electric vehicles?35. What does the speaker say about electric vehicles of today?2013年6月大学英语四级考试Part III Listening Comprehension长对话答案+解析Conversation 1【听力原文】W: Good afternoon, Mr. Jones. I am Teresa Chen, and I’ll be interviewing you. How are you today?M: I am fine, thank you. And you, Miss Chen?Good, Thanks.W: Can you tell me something about your experiences in this kind of work?M: Well, for several years, I managed a department for the Brownstone Company in Detroit, Michigan. Now I work part time because I also go to school at ni ght. I’m getting a business degree.W: Oh, how interesting. Tell me, why do you want to leave your present job?M: I’ll finish school in a few months, and I’d like a full-time position with more responsibility.W: And why would you like to work for our company?M: Because I know your company’s work, and I like it.W: Could you please tell me about your special skills and interests?M: Of course, I’m good at computers and I can speak Spanish. I used to take classes in Spanish at the local college. And I like travelling a lot.W: Can you give me any references?M: Yes, certainly. You can talk to Mr. McCaw, my boss, at the Brownstone Company. I could also give you the names and numbers of several of my teachers.W: All right, Mr. Jones, and would you like to ask me any questions?M: Yes, I wonder when I’ll be informed about my application for the job?W: Well, we’ll let you know as soon as possible. Let’s stay in touch. Thank you very much for coming this afternoon.M: Thank you.Questions 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What does the man say about his working experience?20. Why does the man want to leave his present job?21. What is the man interested in?22. What question did the man ask the woman？【总评】这是一篇以面试为场景的听力对话。
2013年英语四级答案
2013年英语四级答案第一部分：听力（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）1. D2. A3. C4. B5. B2. A 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. C3. A 12. B 13. C 14. B 15. A4. C 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. B第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）21. D 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. C22. B 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. D23. C 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. A24. D 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. D第三部分：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）41. A 42. D 43. C 44. A 45. B42. D 47. C 48. B 49. D 50. A43. B 52. C 53. A 54. B 55. A44. C 57. D 58. B 59. A 60. C第四部分：写作（共两题；第一题15分，第二题25分；满分40分）第一题：假定你是李华，你参加了学校组织的英语演讲比赛并获得第一名。
请你根据以下内容写一篇发言稿。
尊敬的评委老师、亲爱的同学们：大家好！我很荣幸能在今天的演讲比赛中获得第一名。
首先，我要感谢学校组织这次比赛，为我们提供了一个展示自己才华和能力的机会。
本次演讲比赛的主题是“我的梦想”。
梦想是每个人生命的动力和追求的目标。
在这个竞争激烈的社会中，只有拥有一个明确的梦想并为之努力奋斗，才能在人生的舞台上取得成功。
我的梦想是成为一名优秀的科学家。
我热爱科学，对未知的世界充满好奇。
我相信在科学的道路上，我能为人类做出一些贡献。
为了实现我的梦想，我每天都在努力学习和积累知识，不断锻炼自己的实验和观察能力。
在实现梦想的过程中，最重要的是坚持和努力。
没有坚持，梦想就只是一场空想；没有努力，梦想就只是一句空话。
2013年6月四级真题仔细阅读部分(真题+翻译+解析)
2013年6月四级真题仔细阅读部分(真题+翻译+解析)2013年6月四级真题仔细阅读部分Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Walking, if you do it vigorously enough, is the overall best exercise for regular physical activity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the 47 risk of injury. The human body is designed to walk. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get 48 benefitfrom walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.Strength training is another important 49 of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and 50 bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, you will want to do strength training two or three days a week, 51 recovery days between sessions.Finally, flexibility and balance training are 52 important as the body ages. Aches and pains are high on the list of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints, many of them are 53 , and simple flexibility training can 54 these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated(润滑). Some of this you do whenever you stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you’ll get an idea of how natural it is. The general 55 is simple: whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to 56 stretch it in an opposite position.A) allowing F) helping K) preventSection BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway.So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why nottake a lesson from alcohol control policies and a pply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?“Many policy measures to control obesity （肥胖症）assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods,” note the two researchers.“In contrast,” the researchers continue, “many regulations that don’t assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance —like food — of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems.”The research references studies of people’s behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them: Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers butare allotted（分配）based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places t hat aren’t primarily food stores?Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.57. What does the author say about junk food?A) People should be educated not to eat too much.B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A) They should be implemented effectively.B) They provide misleading information.C) They are based on wrong assumptions.D) They help people make rational choices.59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?A) Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations.B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.D) Easy access leads to customers’ over-consumption.60. What is the purpose of California’s rule about alcohol display in gas stations?A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health.C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy（破产）protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to “complacency(自满) ,” that explanation doesn’t acknow-ledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film —and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975 — but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate（企业的）culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.Kodak’s downfall over the last severaldecades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.62. What do we learn about Kodak?A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.B) It is approaching its downfall.C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D) It is playing a dominant role in the film market.63. Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.B) To show its effort to overcome complacency.C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.D) To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji photo.64. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?A) They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.65. What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?A) A burden.B) A mirror.C) A joke.D) A challenge.66. What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?A) Its blind faith in traditional photography.B) Its failure to see Fuji photo’s emergence.C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.Passage One到处都是垃圾食品。
2013年06月大学英语四级真题含答案
2013年6月大学英语四级考试试题Part Writing (30 minute)Directions: For this part ,you are allowed 30minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120 words following the outline when bellow:1.有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师2.学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素3.学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题Part II Reading comprehension (skimming and scanning ) (15 minute)HighwayA government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles, and congress passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944,which called for strict, centric controlled desert criteria.The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century .To build its 44,000-mile web of highways, bridge and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Consider the many geographic, features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, deserts and plains. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load. Innovative, designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering the face of American.Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida ,and remarkable tunnels like Fort Mchenry in Maryland and Mr. baker in Washington developed under the nation's physical challenges, Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.Today the interstate system links every major city in the U.S, and the U.S with Canada and Mexico. Built with safety in mind the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians, or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, our engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S roads (0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads)By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of jobs, access to the growth options in terms of jobs access to cultural programs health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they enrich most: personal freedom of mobility.The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation's economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent of the nation's freight deliveries arrive by truck. And most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle.Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations ,motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads, residential streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles. The high way system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadership. The year construction began he said: "Together, the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear -United States. Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts."1. National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921.2. General Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways made more sense than the two-lane highways of America.3. It was in the 1950s that the American government finally took action to build a national highway system.4. Many of the problems presented by the country’s geograp hical features found solutions in innovative engineering projects.5. In spite of safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of other American roads.6. The interstate highway system provides access between major military installations in America.7. Services stations, motels and restaurants promoted the development of the interstate highway system.8. The greatest benefit brought about by the interstate system was___________9.Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than__________________10.The interstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognition_____________Part Ⅲ Listening ComprehensionSection A11. A)The girls got on well with each other. B)It's understandable that girls don't get along.C)She was angry with the other young stars. D)The girls lacked the courage to fight.12. A)The woman does her own housework. B)The woman needs a housekeeper.C)The woman's house is in a mess. D)The woman works as a housekeeper.13. A)The Edwards are quite well-off.B)The Edwards should cut down on their living expenses.C)It'll be unwise for the Edwards to buy another house.D)It's too expensive for the Edwards to live in their present house.14.A)The woman didn't except it to be so warm at noon. B)The woman is sensitive to weather changes.C)The weather forecast was unreliable D)The weather turned cold all of a sudden.15. A)At a clinic. B)At a restaurant. C)In a supermarket. D)In an ice cream shop.16. A)The woman did not feel any danger growing up in the Bronx.B)The man thinks it was quite safe living in the Bronx district.C)The woman started working at an early age to support her family .D)The man doesn’t think it safe to send an 8-year-old to buy things.17. A)The man has never seen the woman before. B)The two speakers work for the same company.C)The two speakers work in the same floor. D)The woman is interested in market research.18. A)The woman can't tolerate any noise. B)The man is looking foe an apartment.C)The man has missed his appointment. D)the woman is going to take a train trip.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A)To make a business report to the woman . B)To be interviewed for a job in the woman's company.C)To resign from his position in the woman's company. D)To exchange stock market information with the woman.20. A)He is head of a small trading company. B)He works in an international insurance company.C)He leads s team of brokers in a big company. D)He is a public relations officer in a small company.21. A)The woman thinks Mr. Saunders is asking for more than they can offer.B)Mr. Saunders will share one third of the woman's responsibilities.C)Mr. Saunders believes that he deserves more paid vacations.D)The woman seems to be satisfied with Mr. Saunders' past experience.22. A)She's worried about the seminar. B)The man keeps interrupting her.C)She finds it too hard. D)She lacks interest in it.23. A)The lecturers are boring. B)The course is poorly designed.C)She prefers Philosophy to English. D)She enjoys literature more.24. A)Karen's friend. B)Karen's parents. C)Karen's lecturers. D)Karen's herself.25. A)Changing her major. B)Spending less of her parents' money.C)Getting transferred to the English Department. D)Leaving the university.Section BPassage One Question 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) Rent a grave. B) Burn the body. C) Bury the dead near a church. D)buy a piece of land for a grave.27. A) To solve the problem of lack of land. B)To see whether they have decayed.C)To follow the Greek religious practice. D)To move them to a multi-Storey28. A)They should be buried lying down . B)They should be buried standing up.C)They should be buried after being washed. D)They should be buried when partially decayed.29. A)Burning dead bodies to ashes. B)Storing dead bodies in a remote place.C)Placing dead bodies in a bone room. D)Digging up dead bodies after three years.Passage Two Question 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A)Many foreign tourist visit the Unite States every year. B)Americans enjoy eating out with their friends.C)The United States is a country of immigrants. D)Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food.31. A)They can make friends with people from other countries.B)They can get to know people of other cultures and their lifestyles.C)They can practice speaking foreign languages there.D)They can meet with businessmen from all over the world.32. A)The couple cook the dishes and the children help them .B)The husband does the cooking and the wife serves as the address.C)The mother does the cooking while the famepand children within the guests.D)A hired cook prepares the dishes and the family members serve the guests.Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard .33. A)He took them to watch a basketball game. B)He trained them to play European football.C)He let them compete in getting balls out of a basket. D)He taught them to play an exciting new game.34. A)The players found the basket too high to teach. B)The players had trouble getting the ball out of the basket.C)The players had difficulty understanding the complex rules. D)The players soon found the game boring.35. A)By removing the bottom of the basket. B)By lowering the position of the basket.C)By simplifying the complex rules. D)By altering the size Of the basket.Section CF or American time is money. They say, “you only get so much time in this life; you'd better use it wisely." The(36)__________without be better than the past or present. As American are (37)__________to see things, unless people use their time for constructive activity, Thus American(38)__________a "well-organized" person is punctual and is(40)__________of other people's time. They do not (41)__________people's time with conversation or other activity that has no(42)__________beneficial outcome.The American attitude toward time is not (43)__________shared by others, especially non-Europeans. They aremore likely to regard time as (44)__________.One of the more difficult things many students must adjust to in the states is the notion that time must be saved whenever possible and used wisely every day.In the contest (45)__________.McDonald’s, KFC, and eating meals. As McDonald’s restaurants(46)__________, bringing not just hamburgers but an emphasis on speed, efficiency, and shiny cleanliness.Part IV reading comprehension(reading in depth)Section AEI Nino is name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange ___47_____happens every five to eight years. It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风)，which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in ____48____,the ocean temperatures rise causing the Peru current flowing in form the east to warm up by as much as 5`C.The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid(潮湿的)air over the ocean causes severe ___49___thunderstorms.The rainfall is increased across South American ____50____floods to Peru. In the West pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and____51____.EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most___52____weather in modern history .Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds ____53___of damage. The 1990 EI Nino will ____55___,but they are still not __56___sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.A)estimate B)strength C)deliberately D)notify E)tropical F)phenomenon G)stable H)attractionI)completely J)destructive K)starvation L)bringing M)exhaustion N)worth O)strikeSection BPassage OneCommunications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded-and can come back to haunt(困扰)you appears to be the key to the finding.Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, Mew York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation foe each medium .He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages,27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls.His resolves to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected e-mailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment(非直接接触）of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication.But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.People are also more likely to lie in real time in a instant message or phone call say-than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He fond many lies are spontaneous(脱口而出的)responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?"Hancock hopes his research will help companies work our the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium foe sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But, given his result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.57.Hancock's study focuses on ____________.A)the consequences of lying in various communications’ media.B)the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas.C)people are less likely to lie in instant messages.D)people 's honesty levels across a range of communications media.58.Hancock's research finding surprised those who believed that________________.A)people are less likely to lie in instant messages. B)people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions.C)people are most likely to lie in email communication D)People are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations.59. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?A)They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies. B)They believe that honesty is the best policy.C)They tend to be relaxed when using those media. D)They are most practiced at those forms of communication.60. According to Hancock the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because____________.A)Salesmen can talk directly to their customers. B)Salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate.C)Salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy. D)Salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively.61. It can be inferred from the passage that_____________.A)Honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communicationsB)more employers will use emails to communicate with their employeesC)suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposesD) email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company.Passage TwoIn a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come to work and live here? In the wake of the Sept.11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing.On December .11,2001,as part of the effort to increase homeland security ,federal and local authorities in 14 states staged "Operation Safe Travel" -raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification(身份证明).In Salt Lake City there were 69 arrests. But those captured were anything but terrorists, most of them illegal immigrants from Central or South American .Authorities said the undocumented worker's illegal status made them open to blank mall(讹诈)by terrorists Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods.Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent. “We’re saying we want you to work in these places, we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, and then when it's convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security, especially after Sept.11, then you’re disposable Ther e are whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons,” Anderson said.If Sept.11 had never happened the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely .Ana Castro, a ,mana ger at a Ben & Jerry’s ice cream shop at the airport had been working 10 years with the same false Social Security card when she was arrested in the December airport raid. Now she and her family are living under the threat of deportation(驱逐出境)。
2013年6月英语四级真题及答案【全】
2013年6月英语四级真题及答案【全】2013年6月英语四级真题及答案【全】Part I Writing对白：儿子： Dad, I'm a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste（处理核废料）爸爸： If you can empty the dustbin（垃圾筒） here, you can do anything！范文：The picture shows us a dialogue between a father and a son. The son told his father, “Dad, I’m a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste”. While his father told him, “If you can empty the dustbin here you can do anything”. It reveals the importance of doing small things well before undertaking something big. There is also an old Chinese saying to go with this that a person can’t sweep the world before he can sweep his own room.Unquestionably, doing small things is the first step of success and will layroot for doing something big. By doing something small, we are enabled to accumulate experience, master skills and train ourselves to be more patient. In other word, we can be well prepared for further challenges in the course of fulfilling small things. By contrast, those who set out to do something big will be constantly haunted by disappointment, frustrations or even failures. As when opportunity “something big” appears, they can hardly seize them because of the lack of experience and confidence stems from doing small things.Taking the picture presented above as a case in point, how can the little boy succeed in disposing of nuclear weapons if he even doesn’t know how to empty1.who take an image of the page and put it on a screen.”可知，Course Smart现在的电子课本只是对纸质课本的复制，因此，正确答案为D。
2013年6月英语四级答案完整版
快速阅读答案：1. A. they are not rescued once a new edition comes out2. B. They haven’t fixed all the shortcomings of print books.3. A. they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPad.4. D. they are no more than print versions put on a screen5. C. a platform for building multimedia content6. A. share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkers7. C. professors can join in students’ online discussions8. manpower to put together each 9. cost10. remains to be seen仔细阅读答案之选词填空部分：47. H. lowest 48. J. maximum 49. D. component 50. I. maintain 51. A. allowing 52. G. increasingly 53. B. avoidable 54. K. prevent 55. L. principle 56. C. briefly仔细阅读答案之篇章阅读部分：57. C . Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.58. C. They are based on wrong assumptions.59. D. Easy access leads to customers' over-consumption.60. D. To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.61. C. Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.62. B. It's approaching its downfall.63. A. To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.64. D. They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.65. A. A burden.66. C. Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.完形填空答案：67. promote68. mind69. with70. remember71. incredibly72. regularly73. from74. right75. interfere76. depending77. enhance78. experience79. between80. for81. affect82. recommends83. tempted84. published85. motion86. wonders翻译答案：87. studying abroad by herself88. even if we invest time and money in them89. would live up to their expectations90. had he been injured in the traffic accident91. obtaining information from the internetThe Big is the LittleNothing can be done except little by little, the French poet Baudelaire Charles once said. Most people, however, often ignore such a truth. So does the little boy shown in the picture. He expresses his worries to his father about disposing of nuclear waste, but is told that he can achieve nothing if he doesn’t empty the dustbin first.Every single little thing you can do today matters. The truth has been tested for ages, and thousands of great people have set good examples for us. For instance, Leonardo da Vinci, the world-renowned master in painting, starts his career with repeatedegg-drawing. Lu Xun, the great man of letters, reminded himself to get up early by inscribing the character “morning” on his As university students, in my opinion, we should aim high, but at the same time, we shall never measure a task by its size. All in all, only those who have the patience to do simple things perfectly will acquire the skill to do difficult things easily.。
2013年6月四级真题(第2套)
2013年6月四级真题(第2套) D[02:00.05]College English Test (Band 4)[02:04.68]Part ¢ò Listening Comprehension[02:09.10]Section A[02:10.65]Directions: In this section,[02:13.66]you will hear 8 short conversations[02:16.35]and 2 long conversations. [02:19.27]At the end of each conversation,[02:21.57]one or more questions will be asked[02:23.61]about what was said. [02:26.19]Both the conversation and the questions[02:29.04]will be spoken only once. [02:31.85]After each question there will be a pause.[02:35.05]During the pause,[02:36.32]you must read the four[03:32.62]the fitness training program in your club.[03:35.97]M: I¡¯ll have you speak with the director[03:38.13]in charge of new accounts. [03:40.82]Q: What is the woman interested in?[03:59.30]3. W: It¡¯s really cold in this apartment.[04:03.72]Can we turn up the heat a little bit?[04:06.76]M: Sorry. I¡¯ve run out of money[04:09.01]and can hardly pay the fuel bill.[04:11.74]Maybe you¡¯d better put on a sweater.[04:14.40]Q: What does the man mean? [04:31.44]4. M: I¡¯m sorry, Miss. [04:34.20]But you have to come with me to the security office.[04:37.74]The video cameras in our shop[04:39.79]have recorded everything you did.[04:42.40]W: No, no. I...I didn¡¯t do anything.[04:45.84]I¡¯ll call the police if you dare insult me.[04:49.80]Q: What does the man think the woman was doing?[05:08.94]5. M: I think you ought to see a doctor right away[05:13.56]about that cough.[05:15.98]W: Well, I¡¯ll wait a few more days.[05:18.74]I¡¯m sure I¡¯ll get over it soon.[05:22.29]Q: What do we learn about the woman?[05:40.99]6. M: I¡¯ve heard that Pamela made quite a few mistakes [05:46.80]in her lab report.[05:48.63]W: Well, she wouldn¡¯t have [05:50.46]if she hadn¡¯t been in such a hurry to get it done.[05:55.08]Q: What does the woman imply?[06:13.59]7. M: We¡¯d better check out before 12 o¡¯clock, Marry. [06:19.10]And now there are only 30 minutes left.[06:22.63]W: Let¡¯s hurry up.[06:23.95]You go pay the bill[06:25.53]and I¡¯ll call the reception[06:27.06]to have our luggage taken downstairs.[06:31.17]Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?[06:50.52]8. W: Have you ever heard this speaker before?[06:55.43]M: Yeah. She¡¯s excellent. [06:57.96]She gets her point across[06:59.88]and it¡¯s entertaining at the same time.[07:03.74]Q: What does the man say about the speaker?[07:22.50]Now you will hear the two long conversations.[07:27.13]Conversation One[07:29.92]M: What should I do about Mr. Romero?[07:33.03]Remember? He said it was important and couldn¡¯t wait.[07:37.70]I think he may want you for that new movie he¡¯s directing. [07:42.11]W: That¡¯s absolutely correct.[07:44.58]Now, we have to fit him in somewhere.[07:48.32]Uh... what does Monday morning look like?[07:52.40]M: That doesn¡¯t look so good.[07:54.44]You have a make-up sessionstarting at 6:00,[07:57.35]then filming starts at 8:00,[07:59.75]and that¡¯s going to take the whole morning.[08:02.51]W: Well, what¡¯s after that?[08:05.30]M: You have lunch with your agent[08:06.95]to discuss the awards ceremony[08:09.26]and you¡¯ll have to meet him at one o¡¯clock[08:11.06]at the restaurant.[08:12.12]W: Oh, terrific![08:13.25]Listen, I cannot miss that. [08:15.82]But I still have to make time for Mr. Romero.[08:19.09]M: Well, now, don¡¯t forget [08:21.52]you got a three-o¡¯clock appointment[08:23.15]with your fashiondesigner.[08:24.92]W: That¡¯s right.[08:26.33]You know he¡¯s showing the latest fashions from Japan?[08:29.83]You know that loose-fitting look?[08:32.06]Those clothes are so in this year.[08:36.42]M: At 4:30 you have an appointment with your hairdresser. [08:40.90]Then at 7:00, you have dinner with a journalist.[08:44.67]Now remember, be nice to that guy.[08:47.32]W: Do I have to?[08:48.89]That won¡¯t be easy and it¡¯s likely to run late.[08:52.33]How does Tuesday look? [08:54.41]M: Well, you have to spend the whole morning[08:57.14]at the photographer¡¯s. [08:58.49]They are taking photos topublicize your new movie.[09:02.93]W: What about the afternoon? Am I free then?[09:06.47]M: Let me see... Yes, you are free after 3:30.[09:12.18]W: Then you can set up a meeting with Mr. Romero at 4:00. [09:16.42]M: Ok. I¡¯ll get on it right away.[09:19.33]Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation[09:23.06]you have just heard.[09:25.10]9. What are the speakers doing?[09:45.11]10. What is the woman going to discuss with her agent[09:49.31]over lunch on Monday? [10:07.99]11. What do we learn from the conversation about the man? [10:30.32]Conversation Two[10:32.90]M: I¡¯m phoning up about this job you advertised in the paper.[10:37.36]This...er...young sales manager?[10:40.00]W: Oh, yes.[10:41.58]M: I¡¯d like to apply for it.[10:43.46]Would you send me an application form?[10:45.81]W: No. You simply send in a written application, a letter. [10:50.83]M: Can you tell me a bit more about the job?[10:53.75]W: Well, we are very looking for someone[10:55.84]who isn¡¯t too concerned about working fairly long hours. [11:00.21]M: What do you mean by long hours?[11:03.12]W: This is a job which does, [11:05.32]as the advertisement says, [11:07.10]have travel possibilities, [11:08.83]and very often,[11:09.94]one would be away atweekends, for instance.[11:13.21]M: Oh, I thought you meant working in the evenings[11:16.12]and working overtime. [11:17.67]W: Well, it could also mean working in the evenings.[11:20.77]But for a managerial post, [11:22.93]I¡¯m afraid we don¡¯t pay overtime.[11:25.49]Um...that¡¯s for other grades.[11:28.36]M: Oh. What kind of money are you paying then?[11:31.89]W: Well, this is to be negotiated.[11:34.97]Uh, it depends partly on your experience and education. [11:39.75]Perhaps you can tell me briefly what that is?[11:42.58]M: I¡¯ve just left school and got A level in geography.[11:46.64]W: Oh, I see.[11:48.85]M: And it¡¯s the travel that appeals to me.[11:51.86]That¡¯s why I¡¯m inquiring about the job.[11:54.76]W: Yes, I see.[11:56.57]What sort of a salary were you thinking in terms of?[12:00.31]M: Starting off,[12:01.30]I thought it would be something like ¡ê500 a week?[12:05.61]W: Well, send in a written application[12:07.95]and then we¡¯ll consider your case[12:09.67]along with all the other applicants.[12:12.30]M: All right. Many thanks. Goodbye.[12:15.15]W: Bye.[12:16.76]Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation[12:20.24]you have just heard.[12:22.91]12. What does the woman say an applicant should do first[12:28.45]to apply for the job? [12:46.28]13. What kind of a person is the company looking for?[13:08.49]14. What does the man like most about the job?[13:29.51]15. What does the woman say about the salary[13:33.84]if the man is accepted by the company?[13:52.86]Section B[13:54.06]Directions: In this section,[13:56.93]you will hear 3 short passages.[13:59.84]At the end of each passage, [14:01.73]you will hear some questions.[14:03.90]Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. [14:08.76]After you hear a question,[14:10.71]you must choose the best answer from the four choices[14:13.75]marked A), B), C) and D). [14:18.58]Then mark the corresponding letter[14:20.68]on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. [14:26.55]Passage One[14:28.71]A typical large supermarket offers[14:30.98]around 17,000 to 20,000 items for sale[14:35.85]and it wants to make sure [14:37.28]that its customers see as many of them as possible.[14:41.78]That¡¯s why you¡¯ll normally find the essential goods [14:45.10]like bread, vegetables and meat[14:47.80]in completely different parts of the store.[14:51.37]Products with a high profitmargin[14:53.64]are always placed on shelves within easy reach of the customer,[14:58.32]while lower margin items like sugar or flower[15:02.00]are on the top or bottom shelves.[15:05.25]Many people make shopping list before they visit supermarkets. [15:10.18]But even so,[15:11.15]around 60% of all supermarket purchases[15:15.12]are the result of decisions that are taken in the store.[15:19.23]For this reason,[15:20.16]supermarkets try to attract their customers[15:23.45]by placing certain kinds of product next to each other.[15:28.32]In the UK,[15:29.80]beer will often be foundnext to items for babies[15:33.54]because research shows [15:34.78]that fathers of babies buy them[15:36.81]on their way home from work [15:39.24]and will buy beer at the same time.[15:42.58]Research has also shown that[15:44.68]this kind of impulse buy happens more frequently[15:48.66]when no sales assistants are nearby.[15:52.07]Supermarkets have made selling such a fine art[15:55.86]that their customers often lose all sense of time.[15:59.87]When interviewed, customers normally guess[16:02.68]they¡¯ve only spent half an hour in the supermarket[16:06.12]even when they have beenthere for over 45 minutes.[16:10.22]But that shouldn¡¯t be too surprising.[16:13.62]Any really profitable supermarket knows[16:16.24]that it should keep its clocks well hidden.[16:19.81]Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.[16:26.17]16. Why are essential goods [16:30.11]displayed in totally different parts of the supermarket? [16:49.82]17. Where are goods with a high profit margin usually found? [17:12.00]18. What does the speaker say about supermarket goers?[17:33.07]19. What shouldn¡¯t be too surprising according to the speaker? [17:55.17]Passage Two[17:57.37]When Matty Sallin was working on a degree[18:00.07]in art and technology at university,[18:03.59]he got an interesting assignment in electronics class: [18:07.92]Create something for the household.[18:10.59]He decided to create an alarm clock.[18:14.63]"Everybody has to use an alarm clock of some kind every day, [18:19.00]and it¡¯s extremely unpleasant!" he says.[18:22.67]He asked different people [18:24.20]what they'd like to wake up to instead of a noisy alarm.[18:28.08]A lot of them said,[18:29.79]"The smell of bacon." [18:32.35]So Sallin invented a new kind of alarm clock:[18:36.19]a wooden box with a pig face and a digital clock[18:39.75]that uses the smell ofcooking bacon[18:42.74]rather than sound to wake someone up.[18:46.01]He explains, "There's no danger of burning,[18:49.18]because I built it carefully.[18:51.41]It uses light bulbs instead of a flame for cooking[18:55.26]and turns off automatically after ten minutes." [18:59.08]Just a few easy steps are required to set the "alarm."[19:03.94]"What you do is put in a couple of frozen strips[19:06.98]the night before," says Sallin.[19:09.44]Bacon is preserved,[19:10.81]so there is no danger of its spoiling overnight. "[19:15.11]If you set the alarm for 8:00,[19:18.58]it will turn on at 7:50 [19:21.14]and slow cook for ten minutes under the bulbs," he says. [19:26.44]Then the bulbs turn off [19:28.49]and a fan blows the smell out through the nose of the pig. [19:33.59]"So instead of an alarm, you smell yourself awake," says Sallin.[19:39.09]"Then you can open the door on the side[19:41.78]and pull the bacon out and eat it."[19:45.54]Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.[19:51.96]20. What was Matty Sallin doing when he created an alarm clock? [20:14.17]21. What did Matty Sallin do[20:17.68]before making the new type of alarm clock?[20:37.29]22. What makes the newly invented alarm clock so unique? [20:59.80]Passage Three[21:02.08]Most people feel lonely sometimes,[21:04.84]but it usually only lasts [21:06.84]between a few minutes and a few hours.[21:09.72]For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. [21:13.56]Psychologists are studying this complex phenomenon[21:17.00]and have identified three different types of loneliness. [21:21.18]The first kind of loneliness is temporary.[21:23.94]It usually disappears quickly[21:26.19]and does not require any special attention.[21:28.92]The second kind, situational loneliness,[21:31.99]is a natural result of a particular situation,[21:35.51]for example, a divorce or moving to a new place.[21:40.10]Although this kind of loneliness[21:41.83]can cause physical problems[21:44.19]it usually does not last for more than a year.[21:48.24]Unlike the second type, [21:49.80]the third kind of loneliness[21:51.58]usually lasts more than two years[21:53.85]and has no specific cause. [21:56.29]People who experience habitual loneliness[21:59.08]have problems socializing [22:00.77]and becoming close to others.[22:02.99]Unfortunately,[22:04.17]many of them think[22:05.25]there is little or nothing they can do about it.[22:09.19]Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness [22:13.65]is a person's social contacts,[22:16.13]for example, friends, family members, etc.[22:20.16]We depend on various people for different reasons.[22:24.38]For instance,[22:25.34]our families give us emotional support[22:28.26]and our friends share similar interests and activities. [22:32.17]However, psychologists have found that[22:34.66]the number of social contacts we have[22:37.47]is not the only reason for loneliness.[22:40.90]It is more important [22:42.03]how many social contacts we think[22:44.35]or expect we should have. [22:46.94]In other words,[22:48.02]though lonely people may have many social contacts,[22:51.59]they sometimes feel they should have more.[22:54.67]They question their own popularity.[22:58.54]Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage[23:02.56]you have just heard. [23:04.64]23. What does the speaker say about situational loneliness? [23:26.91]24. What problem will people have[23:30.40]if they experience habitual loneliness?[23:49.72]25. Why do some people suffer loneliness[23:54.05]according to psychologists?[24:13.41]Section C[24:14.97]Directions: In this section,[24:17.79]you will hear a passage three times.[24:20.49]When the passage is read for the first time,[24:23.14]you should listen carefully for its general idea. [24:26.53]When the passage is read for the second time,[24:28.87]you are required to fill in the blanks[24:31.20]with the exact words you have just heard.[24:34.49]Finally, when the passage is read for the third time,[24:38.12]you should check what you have written.[24:41.62]Now listen to the passage.[24:45.19]There was a time when any personal information[24:47.79]that was gathered about us [24:49.62]was typed on a piece of paper[24:51.58]and locked away in a file cabinet.[24:54.25]It could remain there for years and,[24:56.58]often forgotten,[24:58.09]never reach the outside world.[25:00.90]Things have done a complete about-face since then.[25:04.23]Responsible for the change [25:05.65]has been the astonishingly swift development[25:08.44]in recent years of the computer.[25:10.88]Today, any data that is collected about us in one place or another¡ª[25:15.88]and for one reason or another¡ª[25:17.90]can be stored in a computer bank.[25:20.45]It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. [25:24.36]They are owned by individuals[25:26.21]and by private businesses and corporations,[25:29.25]leading institutions, [25:30.60]direct mailing and telemarketing firms,[25:33.66]credit bureaus, credit card companies,[25:35.90]and government agencies [25:37.59]at the local, state, and federal level.[25:40.96]A growing number of Americans[25:42.88]are seeing the accumulation[25:44.48]and distribution of computerized data[25:47.40]as a frightening invasion of their privacy.[25:51.28]Surveys show that the number of worried Americans[25:54.32]has been steadily growing over the years[25:56.95]as the computer becomes increasingly efficient,[25:59.87]easier to operate,[26:01.18]and less costly to purchase and maintain.[26:04.42]In 1970, a national survey showed[26:07.69]that 37 percent of the people questioned[26:11.22]felt their privacy was being invaded.[26:14.75]Seven years later,[26:16.11]47 percent expressed the same worry.[26:19.93]A recent survey by a credit bureau revealed[26:22.99]that the number of alarmed citizens[26:25.36]had shot up to 76 percent. [26:28.95]Now the passage will be read again.[26:32.56]There was a time when any personal information[26:36.03]that was gathered about us [26:37.53]was typed on a piece of paper[26:40.01]and locked away in a file cabinet.[26:43.10]It could remain there for years and,[26:45.88]often forgotten,[26:47.71]never reach the outside world.[26:51.10]Things have done a complete about-face since then.[26:54.50]Responsible for the change[26:56.12]has been the astonishingly swift development[26:59.21]in recent years of the computer.[27:02.32]Today, any data that is collected about us in one place or another¡ª[27:07.63]and for one reason or another¡ª[27:10.16]can be stored in a computer bank.[27:13.02]It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. [27:16.79]They are owned by individuals[27:18.72]and by private businesses and corporations,[27:22.31]leading institutions, [27:23.90]direct mailing and telemarketing firms,[27:27.23]credit bureaus, credit card companies,[27:30.28]and government agencies [27:31.92]at the local, state, and federal level.[27:35.14]A growing number of Americans[27:37.41]are seeing the accumulation[27:39.18]and distribution of computerized data[27:42.50]as a frightening invasion of their privacy.[27:45.96]Surveys show that the number of worried Americans[27:49.42]has been steadily growing over the years[27:52.68]as the computer becomes increasingly efficient,[27:56.14]easier to operate,[27:57.84]and less costly to purchase and maintain.[28:01.49]In 1970, a national survey showed[28:04.21]that 37 percent of the people questioned[28:07.55]felt their privacy was being invaded.[28:10.62]Seven years later,[28:12.21]47 percent expressed the same worry.[28:16.14]A recent survey by a credit bureau revealed[28:19.46]that the number of alarmed citizens[28:21.72]had shot up to 76 percent. [28:25.03]Now the passage will be read for the third time.[28:28.78]There was a time when any personal information[28:31.39]that was gathered about us [28:33.22]was typed on a piece of paper[28:35.26]and locked away in a file cabinet.[28:37.91]It could remain there foryears and,[28:40.03]often forgotten,[28:41.71]never reach the outside world.[28:44.59]Things have done a complete about-face since then.[28:47.93]Responsible for the change [28:49.44]has been the astonishingly swift development[28:52.16]in recent years of the computer.[28:54.64]Today, any data that is collected about us in one place or another¡ª[28:59.68]and for one reason or another¡ª[29:01.72]can be stored in a computer bank.[29:04.32]It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. [29:08.22]They are owned by individuals[29:10.16]and by private businesses and corporations,[29:13.17]leading institutions, [29:14.60]direct mailing and telemarketing firms,[29:17.60]credit bureaus, credit card companies,[29:19.89]and government agencies [29:21.60]at the local, state, and federal level.[29:24.96]A growing number of Americans[29:26.90]are seeing the accumulation[29:28.40]and distribution of computerized data[29:31.52]as a frightening invasion of their privacy.[29:35.37]Surveys show that the number of worried Americans[29:38.48]has been steadily growing over the years[29:41.06]as the computer becomes increasingly efficient,[29:43.98]easier to operate,[29:45.30]and less costly to purchase and maintain.[29:48.60]In 1970, a national survey showed[29:51.75]that 37 percent of the people questioned[29:55.53]felt their privacy was being invaded.[29:58.85]Seven years later,[30:00.21]47 percent expressed the same worry.[30:04.07]A recent survey by a credit bureau revealed[30:07.06]that the number of alarmed citizens[30:09.45]had shot up to 76 percent. [30:13.14]This is the end of listening comprehension.。
四级答案2013 (2)
四级答案2013阅读理解Passage 11. A解析：根据第一段的描述，作者在教授大学课程之后开始写书，并且他的书都是关于教育的。
因此，我们可以得出结论，他现在是一名作家。
2. C解析：根据第二段的描述，作者决定离开学校是因为他觉得在那里他无法表达自己的想法。
他想要有更多的自由，并且找到另一种教育方法。
3. D解析：根据第三段的描述，作者决定成为一名作家是因为他想要去探索外面的世界，而不是一直待在学校里。
他想要有更多的经验，并且写作是他实现这一目标的方式之一。
4. B解析：根据第四段的描述，作者出版了一本关于他的教育经历的书。
这本书记录了他在学校里的经历，以及他离开学校后的决定和发展。
因此，这本书应该是与教育相关的。
5. A解析：根据最后一段的描述，作者的第一本书引起了很大的关注，并且被广大读者认可。
这让他有了信心去继续写作，并且他相信他可以通过写作来传达自己的想法和观点。
Passage 26. D解析：根据第一段的描述，研究表明相对而言，自行车道车祸的发生率更低。
这意味着自行车道是一种更安全的交通方式，因为它可以减少与其他车辆的碰撞风险。
7. B解析：根据第二段的描述，自行车道的建设会使骑自行车的人感到更安全和舒适。
它们提供了一个独立的空间，骑自行车的人不必担心与其他车辆共享道路时的危险。
8. C解析：根据第三段的描述，自行车道的建设可以促进骑自行车的人口增长。
它们提供了一个安全和方便的交通选择，因此更多的人可能会选择骑自行车。
9. A解析：根据第四段的描述，自行车道的建设对于环境友好型城市的发展也很重要。
鼓励人们骑自行车可以减少交通拥堵和空气污染，从而改善城市的环境质量。
10. D解析：根据最后一段的描述，自行车道的建设需要政府和社区的合作。
政府应该提供资金和资源支持，而社区则需要提供反馈和意见，确保自行车道的建设满足当地居民的需求。
Passage 311. C解析：根据第一段的描述，社交媒体是一种非常受欢迎的网络活动。
2013年6月全国大学英语四级考试历年真题含答案
2013年6月全国大学英语四级考试历年真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy entitled How Will Our Life Go on without Internet. You should write at least 120wordsfollowing the outline given below in Chinese:1. 很多人开始感觉离开网络寸步难行2.你对网络依赖症的看法How Will Our Life Go on without Internet_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (skimming and scanning)(15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, completethe sentences with the information given in the passage.Time Off from Work Gains in ImportanceAmerican workers are saying they need a break. As their number of hours clocked on the job has crept higher, more time off has become a bigger priority. In the past few years,human resources experts say time off has consistently placed among the top three employee concerns, along with compensation and staffing levels, whereas it used to be farther down the list. In a poll taken online in November 2004, 39% of workers said if given the choice, they would choose time off over the equivalent in additional base salary. Of course, most of the 4,600 respondents are still opting for the bigger paycheck, but the desire for time off is up almost 20% from just three years ago when conducted a similar poll.The reasons for this shift are many and varied. Some have to do with the way a new generation is thinking about work, while others are driven by how companies are responding to recent economic pressures.A New GenerationThe results may in part represent the needs of a new breed of workers. The average American is working one month (160 hours) more each year than a generation ago. According to recruiting and human capital management expert John Sumser, younger workers work for meaning first and money second. He goes on to warn employers that these are the people who are the foundation for the next workforce and they may not buy the existing paradigm (范例). A study released in late 2004 by the New York-based Families and Work Institute concludes that the new brand of young workers is rejecting thework-centric style of their parents’ generation. The study, which examines changes in the workforce over the past 25 years, found that younger workers are more likely to be “family-centric” or “dual-centric” (with equal priorities on both career and family) rather than “work-centric” when compared to members of the Boomer Generation.September 11th and the End of the Roaring NinetiesThe impact of the terrorist attacks of September 11th cut across all age groups of the workforce. We collectively entered a new era, reevaluating life’s priorities and making changes in our attitude toward time spent at work versus hobbies and family. “I started looking at things completely differently. I’ve been far less willing to put in the 14-hour days necessary to get noticed and climb the corporate ladder,” said Tony Jackson, a 43-year-old employee of a New York City-based financial services company. “Frankly, I can’t see that changing.”Even before September 11th, some experts say the slow shift in worker attitudes was already underway due to the end of the roaring 1990’s, when hours were long and significant personal wealth was created. For those who fared well financially, some opted for careers of contract work where they could call more of the shots pertaining to (与……有关的) time off, or new occupations with greater personal rewards. For others, even if their bank accountswere not spilling over from America’s economic heyday (全盛时期), their own energy had been depleted due to unrelenting (毫不松懈的) years of work hours and high stress. They were ready for something less taxing.Families and Work Institute President and co-founder Ellen Galinsky agrees. She says the poll numbers show evidence of an increase in need for time off and a shift in thinking due to the fact that workers have been pushed to their limit in recent years. “This new generation of workers is at the edge of how long they can work. It just feels like too much. They are not slackers (懒虫); they just don’t want more,” says Galinsky.Monetary Needs Less Intense Due to Dual Income Households“We’ve decided we prefer to have more time to ourselves,” says Carol Kornhaber, a New England software programmer in her late twenties. Kornhaber and her husband are both working but have sought out jobs where they are not pressed to put in long hours. Instead, they have insisted upon eight-hour days and having enough vacation time to travel, a major interest they share. Financial pressures are eased by both of them working and keeping a careful watch on their expenses. “We are lucky in a lot of ways to have found bosses who understand our needs.”BurnoutTrying to squeeze more productivity out of workers may be nothing new, but it has become particularly acute in recent years. This has been due in large measure torecession-induced layoffs and other trends such as the rising cost of healthcare benefits. After a layoff, workers who remain behind are often asked to pick up most or even all the load of the people who were let go, requiring more and more hours at the office. As new corporate initiatives are planned, the inverse is also true. As Sumser observe s, “the additional workload, which runs across the economy from the office worker to the manufacturing line, seems to be a function of the cost of benefits. The regulations make it cheaper to add workload for existing employees than to hire new players.” T he Families and Work Institute reports that nearly one third of U.S. employees often or very often feel overworked or overwhelmed by how much work they have to do. Nearly three out of four report that they frequently dream about doing something different from their current job.Show Me the MoneyOverworked or not, the majority in the poll still chose to fatten their paycheck if given the choice. For many, it was a practical matter. Says Peggy Jones, an accountant in a Boston area business services company, “I already get three weeks a year that I can’t use up because I’m so busy. I’d definitely go for the extra money to pay somebills or make a big purchase I’ve been holding off on.” For Jones, the realities of running a household and saving up for college for her children simply need to take precedence over extra free time.Companies Are Already RespondingTo many human resources experts it is inevitable that, given the growing health of the economy and the upcoming population-driven labor shortages as the Boomer Generation moves into retirement, the pendulum of control in the employee-employer relationship will swing back to the employee side. That is expected to begin in just a few years. According to human resources expert, Larry Schumer, at , “since most companies succeed based on a motivated and capable workforce, they have offered and will continue to offer more paid flexibility, whether it be through tried and tested time-off programs or the next great idea.” Where will that new balance of employer versus employee needs lie? Time, or perhaps time off, surely will tell.1. Which of the following has been rising in importance in the past few years?A) Compensation. B) Time off. C) Right to vote. D) Staffing levels.2. According to the passage, we know that the Boomer Generation is concerned ________.A) about family and work equally B) more about workC) more about family D) about neither work nor family3. What can be inferred about Tony Jackson?A) He is 43 years old.B) He works in a financial services company.C) He has changed his life and work attitude.D) He spends 14 hours a day on his work.4. When did American workers gradually begin to change their attitudes towards work?A) After September 11. B) In November 2004.C) In late 2004. D) At the end of the roaring 1990’s.5. According to Ellen Galinsky, why did workers change their mind about work?A) They have been pushed to the limit of their working hours.B) They increased their need to enjoy life.C) They have more rights than before.D) They don’t want to work for a living.6. Carol Kornhaber and her husband don’t have too much financial pressure because ___________.A) they have parents who are richB) they don’t have children to feedC) they both have a high salaryD) they both have work and they are thrifty7. After a layoff, the employees who keep their jobs usually have to ___________.A) find another job in case they are firedB) do what their bosses tell them toC) work longer hours to avoid being firedD) do the work left by the laid-off workers8. According to , compared with three years ago, the desire for time off is up almost ________________________.9. According to the poll from , the majority of employees preferred to ________________________ if they had the choice.10. Larry Schumer said that most companies succeeded based on a motivated and capable __________________________.Part ⅢListening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2013年6月大学英语四级真题试卷(第2套)(题后含答案及解析)
2013年6月大学英语四级真题试卷（第2套）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 5. Cloze 8. TranslationPart I Writing (30 minutes)1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.正确答案：On the Importance of Reading Literature As is vividly depicted in the picture above, a teacher asks her student to read a piece of literature and tells him just to think of it as if he is reading a long text-message. Nonetheless, fewer people are willing to sit down and enjoy a good literary work. The concept of literature may seem to be very old, but its importance has not faded. We can benefit a lot from reading literature. To begin with, it brings us a wide range of intellectual benefits, such as expanding vocabulary and developing new ideas. Furthermore, it broadens our horizons. Reading literature helps us understand the everyday life and historical events described in the books, which are quite different from those of our time. Lastly, it entertains us. Although with the advent of television, people have lost their interest in reading literature to some extent, they can still get to know the classics via films or TV series, which have been derived from them. In conclusion, literature is not something to be tossed away. Reading literature can be an enriching and eye-opening experience.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.School Lunch Ryan moved silently through the lunch line. The cook put a cheeseburger(奶酪汉堡)and an applesauce cup on his tray. He grabbed a bottle of milk from the cooler at the end of the line and found a seat in the cafeteria(食堂). Ryan saw that his friend Tyler had brought lunch from home.”What did you bring today, Tyler?” he asked. Tyler pulled his meal out of its brown paper sack. “ I’ve got a ham sandwich, chips, two cupcakes, and a can of soda. “Ryan’s mouth started to water. “ Uh, Tyler,” he said. “ If you don’t want one of those cupcakes, I’ll take it. They sure look good. “Tyler handed Ryan his cupcake. “ Sure,” he said.“ I won’t eat all this. “ Lunch Requirements Is Ryan eating a healthy meal if he eats the school lunch? School lunch supporters say “ Yes. “ Recent studies show that a government-approved school lunch has more variety and is more nutritious(有营养的)than most lunches brought from home. It’s also lower in fat. The National School Lunch Act requires that school lunches go along with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans developed by the government. Meals must contain a variety of foods with plenty of grains and at least one fruit or vegetables each day. Foods must not contain too much sugar or salt. A hot lunch can contain up to 30% fat, but not more than 10% of its calories(卡路里)should come from saturated(饱和的)fat. In an average week, you should get one-third of the daily Recommended Dietary Allowances for protein, iron, calcium(钙), and vitamins A and C from your school lunch. Dare to Compare Let’s compare Ryan’s and Tyler’s meals to see which is healthier. Ryan’s hot lunch(without the cupcake from his friend)has 577 calories, 25 grams of total fat, and 12 grams of saturated fat. He had one serving of fruit, 26 grams of protein, and 483 milligrams of calcium. Ryan ate more total fat(39%)and saturated fat(19%)than the dietary guidelines recommend. However, schools can still meet the guidelines by having the numbers average out over a week of lunches. Tyler’s lunch from home(this includes both cupcakes)had 1,014 calories, 45 grams(40%)of total fat, and 10 grams(9%)of saturated fat. He ate 21 grams of protein and 155 milligrams of calcium, but no fruits or vegetables. Tyler’s meal met the saturated fat guidelines, but had too much total fat. Tyler ate more calories and total fat than Ryan did, Ryan ate more protein, calcium, and fruit than Tyler did. Which meal would you say is the healthier choice? A la Carte Options Federal standards and most school districts forbid selling food in the cafeteria that competes with the school lunch. Many programs do, however, offer a la carte choices for students who don’t want the hot meal. Foods sold a la carte are separate from the main meal and are priced individually. These foods do not have to meet the same nutritional standards as the foods on the hot lunch menu. Neither do the foods sold at a snack-bar or those foods available elsewhere in the school. A study in one Texas school district compared the lunches of fourth graders who did not have food choices with those of fifth graders who could choose either a standard lunch or select from a snackbar. The fourth graders ate 25% more fruits and vegetables than the fifth graders. Food sold as fund-raisers can also have an impact on school lunch. The money raised is important to provide needed funds for many after-class activities. But the meal’s overall nutritional quality usually goes down. Many of these foods are high in fat, sugar, or both, and often come in extralarge portions. Fund-raisers rarely sell fruits and vegetables. Choosing Wisely School food-service programs are trying to please students, and still offer quality, nutritious meals at low cost. That task isn’t easy. One school district in New York decided to do something about it. A student advisory board kept the food-service director up-to-date on what the kids wanted. They also worked with school snack-bars to sell smaller servings of chips and candy. You can make healthy meal choices at school even when not-so-healthy choices are available. You can be sure to get a nutritious meal when you pick foods from the Food Guide Pyramid. For example, always drink milk or a calcium-rich juice for lunch.Even chocolate milk is more nutritious than soda or a sports drink. Stay away from snack foods offered a la carte. They may fill you up now, but the ones that contain a lot of fat and sugar will slow you down later. Always eat the fruits and vegetables offered at the meal. They help give you the energy and vitamins you need to get you through the rest of your school day. Some people like to make fun of school lunches, but good nutrition is no laughing matter. Your school’s hot lunch is based on the Food Guide Pyramid, so it’s full of nutrition. Give it a try. You might be pleasantly surprised. It’s a Team Effort Team Nutrition is a program that gets schools excited about healthy eating. Schools across the nation pick a team leader who develops fun nutrition activities. The leader works with students, teachers, parents, food-service workers, and people from the community. Activities can range from running a school health fair to planting a garden. At the Jordan Community School in Chicago, Illinois, one group of fifth graders showed off their “pizza(比萨饼)garden” in a big, colorful poster showing vegetarian pizzas. The students and food-service staff planted and took care of the vegetables that they would later use as ingredients on their pizzas. The group started growing the plants in the school’s cafeteria. Then they moved them outdoors to the students’demonstration garden. This is just one way to get everyone involved in making school lunch healthy and fun. Team up with your own group and see how creative you can get.2．What did Ryan do when he saw Tyler?A．He compared his lunch with Tyler’s.B．He offered to share lunch with Tyler.C．He showed off his healthy lunch.D．He asked Tyler for a cupcake.正确答案：D解析：定位句提到，赖安对泰勒说，“如果你不想吃其中的一个杯形蛋糕，让我吃吧。
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2013年6月英语四级仔细阅读第二篇答案及解析（沪江网校版）2013年6月英语四级仔细阅读第二篇答案+解析
Section B Passage 2
【总评】本文为我们分析了柯达公司虽然看到了市场前景，但是并没有在战略上把握机会，等意识到错误时，已经为时已晚，并最终走向衰败。
对于一出生就接触各种数码产品的考生来说，柯达也许是个并不熟悉的企业，这或许会对阅读带来一定影响。
而且本文也有不少商务用语，如strategy（战略，策略）、sponsorship（赞助），及一些关键词如anticipate（预期、预计）等，难度并不算小。
所以平时对于词汇的积累是快速理解阅读内容的关键。
62. B. It's approaching its downfall.
【解析】细节题。
从全文第一句中的bankruptcy (破产) 以及第二段第一句Although many attribute Kodak's downfall to "complacency"... 可知柯达已经衰落了。
所以正确答案为B。
根据第全文第一句…a sad, though not unexpected turning point… 可知柯达的衰败，是早有预期的，而不是突然的，排除答案A. It went bankrupt all of a sudden；
根据第一段最后一句... but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution可知柯达最终没有适应数字革命，排除答案C. It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry；
根据第一段内容，dominate用的是过去分词形式，即柯达在胶卷市场占主导地位是过去的事实，而非现今，排除答案D. It is playing the dominant
role in the film market.
63. A. To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.
【解析】推理题。
柯达发明第一台数码相机的例子出现在第二段，该段一开始指出很多人将柯达的衰败归结于柯达的自满，但是这个解释并没有承认柯达在自我改造上做出的努力。
接下来作者用柯达发明了第一台数码相机来例证柯达在reinvent上的尝试。
所以正确答案为A。
答案C. To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.与第一段最后一句ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution. 相冲突，且发明了第一台数码相机并不足以说明其顺应了数码革命。
64. D. They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.
【解析】细节题。
根据题干关键词large companies和switch定位到第四段最后一句Large companies have a difficult time switching to new
markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses. 根据此句可知，大公司不能进入新市场的原因是他们
在开创新业务的过程中，依然不愿放弃现有的优势。
接来下第五段用柯达的事例继续阐释了这句话的含义，即too rooted in the successes of the
past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future，沉溺于过去的辉煌，而不能完全拥抱未来。
所以正确答案为D. They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.
65. A. A burden.
【解析】细节题。
根据第五段最后一句话Their history was so important
to them. Now their history has become a liability.可知柯达的历史已成自身发展的负担。
burden是对liability的同义转换。
所以正确答案为A。
66. C. Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.
【解析】细节题。
最后一段第一句说柯达在过去几十年间的衰败是戏剧性的。
之后通过一个个例子来举例说明。
从文中Kodak’s decision not to pursue
the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation.可知柯达犯的主要错误是没有赞助1984年的奥林
匹克。
而对手富士拿到了竞标，并由此赢得了市场上的永久立足点。
所以正确答案为C。