江苏省常州市2015—2016学年第一学期高二语文期末卷
2015—2016学年度第一学期高二期末语文考试题及答案(人教版)
2015—2016学年度第一学期高二期末语文考试题及答案（人教版）语文试题第I卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1－3题。
秦汉时代的普遍知识与一般思想葛兆光秦汉时代的普遍知识与一般思想，大致可以归纳如下。
“天”仍然是判断与理解的基本依据。
仿效“天”的构造，模拟“天”的运行，遵循“天”的规则，就可以获得思想与行为的合理性。
在人们心目中，凡是仿效“天”的，就能够拥有“天”的神秘与权威，于是，这种“天”的意义，在祭祀仪式中转化为神秘的支配力量，在占卜仪式中转化为神秘的对应关系。
不仅是一般民众，就连天子与贵族也相信合理依据和权力基础来自于“天”，秦汉时代皇宫的建筑要仿效天的结构，汉代的墓室顶部要绘上天的星象，祭祀的场所更要仿造一个与天体一致的结构。
“天”所显示的自然法则更加明确地被一些基本的数字概念所表述，而这些概念又被具体化为一些可以操作的技术，于是“天”与“人”之间就被联系起来。
首先是“一”。
在秦汉时代，它既是宇宙的中心、唯一的本原、至上的神祇，又是天下一统、君主权威、理性法则、知识基础和一切的终极依据。
其次是“二”。
“二”即阴阳，既可以指日月、天地，也可以指君臣、上下，以及从阴阳引申出来的冷暖、湿燥、尊卑、贵贱。
再次是“五”。
在《吕氏春秋》中，思想家曾为“五”并列出种种匹配的事物和现象。
这说明人们普遍相信“五行”可以归纳和整理宇宙间的一切，使宇宙整齐有序。
相反，如果五行、五色、五声、五味、五方、五脏、五祀等等发生紊乱，人们就要用技术将其调整过来，否则人就会生病，社会就会混乱，宇宙就会无序。
比如朝代的变更，要顺序地吻合五德的排行；人们的服饰，要顺序地吻合五色的轮次。
这种数字概念经历了漫长的整合和论证过程，在秦汉时代终于以系统的形式固定下来。
沟通天地人神的权力仍然被少数术士所掌握。
大多数人相信，他们由于有某些特殊的禀赋与训练，拥有与神秘世界对话的能力，人们需要通过他们与天、与神灵、与祖先交流。
江苏省常州市2015-2016学年第一学期高二语文期末卷单元练习高一上册人教版语文试题下载
江苏省常州市2015-2016学年第一学期高二语文期末卷单元练习高一上册人教版语文试题下载试题预览常州市教育学会2015～2016学年第一学期期末教学情况调研高二语文2016年1月一、语言文字运用(15 分)1．下列词语中加点字的读音全都不同的一组是（3分）A．浸渍暴戾恣睢孜孜以求B．逶迤虚与委蛇为虎作伥C．棱角盛气凌人幽韵泠然D．缇骑风流倜傥晶莹剔透2．下列各组词语中，字形全都正确的一项是（3分）A．庖丁解牛笑魇如花簪缨之族B．揾英雄泪娴于辞令力能扛鼎C．恂恂鄙人相形见诎作壁上观D．运筹帷幄破釜沉舟自矜攻伐3．依次填入下列横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是（3分）（1）有学者认为，清明节成型于大唐盛世，是由清明、寒食、上巳三个节日▲而成的。
（2）市长在谈及市政建设时指出，城市管理要标本兼治，▲，不断改善人居环境。
（3）其他景致，或以山色取胜，或以水色撩人，唯独在这里，水与山▲：岷江的水环绕青城山，我们就栖身在这岷江水畔的山水人家。
A．融汇持之以恒相得益彰B．融汇锲而不舍相映成趣C．融合锲而不舍相得益彰D．融合持之以恒相映成趣4．填入下列文字中横线处的句子，与上下文衔接较好的一项是（3分）纪实文学，理应讲究纪实性与文学性的高度统一，作为纪实文学之一的传记文学，▲。
缺乏真实丰富的事实材料，而靠浮辞丽藻挥洒成篇，只能写出苍白无力的东西；缺乏生动形象的文学语言，而仅罗列人物生平事迹，也不会葆有长久的感染力。
A．必须特别注意材料的真实性B．也应注意文采，以求引人入胜C．同样存在着一个“实”与“文”的结合与统一问题D．也要考虑到“文”与“实”二者的有机联系5．下列有关文学常识的叙述，不正确的选项是（3分）A．先秦诸子散文各具特色，如孟子善于雄辩、气势壮阔，庄子善用寓言、想象丰富。
B．《报任安书》的“书”指书信，《河渠书》的“书”代表用来综述典章制度的体例。
C．词是可以歌唱、配乐的韵文，藉由词人所用的词牌，即可了解词作的内容。
15—16学年上学期高二期末考试语文试题(附答案)(2)
2015-2016学年度高二语文上学期期末考卷考试时间：150分钟；注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I卷（阅读题，共70分）一、现代文阅读阅读下面的文章，完成后面问题。
（9分）开车会成为穷人的标志吗在狄更斯的《匹克威克外传》风行英伦之时，如果说将来富人多是瘦子，穷人多是胖子，谁都会觉得是异想天开。
如今呢，在发达国家，穷人的肥胖症最为严重。
走进富人区，则苗条的人明显多起来。
可见，未来往往在我们的想象之外。
那么，在现今这个开法拉利炫富的时代，如果说日后开车的多是穷人，富人反而很少开车出行——这种预言，是否会像贫富的胖瘦一样兑现呢？《经济学人》曾提纲挈领地展望了汽车的前程：目前地球上有十亿多辆汽车。
仅2012一年，就增加了6000余万辆新车。
预计到2020年，世界汽车拥有量可能翻一番。
毫无疑问，汽车，是世界经济的命脉。
不过，未来汽车拥有量的增长，将主要集中在发展中国家。
发达国家的汽车拥有量已经到顶，甚至有可能下降。
从总体上看，发达国家的汽车旅行里程在2004年触顶，自2007年经济危机前开始下降。
根据对人口社会学的初步分析，我们能够推断出这些现象是一个长期的趋势，而非一时经济波动所造成的短期失常。
在发达国家，婴儿潮一代的前锋，即1945年出生的人，大部分都开车的。
如今开车的退休老人比任何时代都多。
六十几岁的英国人中，79%有驾照。
美国60—64岁这个年龄层的人中，90%以上开车。
这比任何年龄段的比例都高，这代人是最痴迷汽车的一代。
他们年轻时，汽车象征着自由、财富、美国梦，汽车难以和他们的生命分开。
然而，他们恰恰是正在退场的一代。
新一代的年轻人考驾照的年龄普遍偏晚。
驾照拿得晚的人，一般开车比较少。
英国一项研究显示，快三十岁时领到驾照的，比起年轻十岁就开始开车的人来，开车要少30%。
在德国，年轻的有车家庭在增加，但开车的却少了。
大家买了车，但越来越多的时间是放在那里，偶尔才用。
2015—2016学年度上学期期末考试高二年级语文科试卷
江苏省2015-2016学年高二上学期第一次月考语文试题
姜堰区第一次月质量检测高二语文试卷（2015.10）一、语言文字运用（18分）1．依次填入下列各句横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是（）（１）世上读书人知道有一副对联是劝人苦读的，曰：书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟。
（２）契诃夫从平凡的日常生活取材，把笔触人物的内心深处。
（３）我们鉴赏一部小说，要透过故事的枝叶，仔细生活这棵常青的大树的根。
Ａ．大都伸向寻味Ｂ．全都伸入寻味Ｃ．全都伸向寻觅Ｄ．大都伸向寻觅2．下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一句是（3分）（）Ａ．由于这里自然条件优越，又有一个团结向上的领导班子，因而人民的生活安居乐业。
．．．．．Ｂ．举世瞩目的长江三峡工程捷报飞来，上下游围堰合龙工程一蹴而就．．．．。
滔滔江水驯服地沿着导流的渠道奔腾而去。
Ｃ．他不肯在命运面前退缩，不肯学世人之随波逐流．．．．。
?Ｄ．在抗击“非典”的斗争中，各部门都要有全局观念，那种目无全牛．．．．，忽视整体利益的做法是不对的3.下列各句中，没有语病．．．．的一句是 (3分) （）A．中国社科院主办的《气候变化绿皮书》指出，2013年1月至10月，全国平均雾霾日数为30天左右，频繁雾霾天气导致部分地区空气质量下降，给人体健康带来严重危害。
B．2013年11月以来，雾霾天气给淮安人民的出行带来不便；气象机构预测，近期将有一股较强冷空气影响中国中东部地区，对驱散淮安的雾霾天气起到积极作用。
C．寒风瑟瑟的冬天，中国人民大学，这座着名学府在遭受自主招生的“雾霾”后，另一着名学府，复旦大学将在全国试行“推优直选”录取试点生的办法。
D．面对日本等国的鼓噪，有学者认为，2014的甲午之年，是否会成为中日间事关国运衰荣的又一个“雾霾”之年，很大程度上取决于日本社会精英层对中日“对抗博弈”的把控。
4．（5分）汉语的奇妙在于，特殊的语境，会出现特殊的或潜在含义。
下面是《婚姻与生活》记者采访已经博士毕业，但仍单身的吴小瑛时两人的对话。
记者：您大学恋爱过吗？小瑛：上大学时，爱上一个人。
2015-2016学年度第一学期期末抽测高二语文试题答案
2015～2016学年度第一学期期末抽测高二年级语文试题参考答案一、语言文字运用（15分）1.（3分）C (无可非议：没有什么可以指责的，表示做得妥当。
无可厚非：不能过分责备，指说话做事虽有缺点，但还有可取之处，应予谅解。
平常：经常发生或出现的。
平庸：寻常而不突出。
鄙视：轻视，看不起。
忽视：不重视，不注意)2．（3分）A（B.语意不明：改为“使滕王阁成为登临的名胜”；C.主谓搭配不当。
“状况”与“提高”不搭配，应将“提高”改成“恶化”。
D.关联词位置不当：将“之所以”放在“基因组计划”之后）3.（3分）D(马声骄，指马声洪亮，响亮，非拟人手法)4.（3分）B（本语段以空间顺序（荔枝的产地）为主，间以时间顺序说明了“荔枝原产于我国，是我国的特产”）5．（3分）（1）C（图案上方为五只象征和平与希望的和平鸽由远及近展翅飞翔，表现对历史的纪念、对和平的向往，也象征五大洲人民团结一心，在血与火的洗礼后重生，携手前行，共创美好未来）（2）C、E（C.妙玉仍未能逐出尘世肮脏的门槛。
E.“孙吉人”换成“赵伯韬”）二、文言文阅读（18分）6.（3分）D（宝：以……为宝）7.（3分）D（往时的“董羽”而非现在的“董羽”）8.（8分）（1）（孙位）画奔腾的流水、巨大的波浪，水流随着山石的形态而曲折，随着流水所遇到的山石形状不同而赋予水的不同形态，把水的变化都画尽了，（他的画）被人们称为“神逸”之作。
[4分。
“湍”（急流）、“与”（协同，一起，这里指随着）、“赋”（赋予）、“神逸”（“神逸”的画）各1分]（2）王孙富人有时倚仗势力让他作画，永升就嘻嘻哈哈取笑他们一番，扔下笔扬长而去。
[（4分。
“或”（有时）、“以”（凭借、倚仗）、“之”（代词，作画）、“舍去”（扔下笔扬长而去）]9.（4分）①随山石形状而赋予水不同形态(随物赋形)；②将主观情志与画中景物融为一体（性与画会）（每点2分）【参考译文】古今画师画水，大多用细小的纹路把水画成平静广远的样子，那些画得好的也不过能够画出波浪的起伏，以至使人用手摸画时，感觉上水的波纹有高低起伏的形状，认为这已经是极妙的境界了。
常州市2015-2016上学期高二期末统考卷
常州市2015-2016高二上学期英语期末统考卷第一卷：（选择题，共80分）第一部分：听力（20分）第二部分：语言知识运用（30分）第一节：单项选择（10分）21.Poverty is one of the major problems ____ the children living in remote mountainous areas?A. faceB. facingC. faced withD. being facing22.---Shall we go to the seven o’clock performance or the eight? ---_______ suits you best.A．whatever B．whenever C．however D．Whichever23.You probably can’t get much sleep if you live near _______ a wedding reception ______.A the place; is being heldB the place where; has been heldC where; is being heldD which; has been held24.In a debate, ___ the side you don’t believe in can encourage your critical thinking.A taking upB take awayC taking onD take in25.By the time we realize we _____ what we treasure, it’ll be too late to do anything about it.A will loseB lostC have lostD had lost26.There you are! I have been looking for you everywhere. This is the last place in the world I ____ to findyou.A would have expectedB would expectC have expectedD had expected27._____I accept that he’s not perfect in many respects, I do actually quite like the man.A WhenB AsC BecauseD While28.---How did you sleep last night?--- _____. Never slept better.A Like a logB Counting sheep all nightC As a pigD Like the early bird29.Parents should provide children with a wonderful and secure childhood _____ they feel loved, valued andlistened to.A thatB whereC whichD how30.To allow all students ____ to education, China has to increase education spending to 4.5 percent of GDP.A accessB opportunityC accountD commitment第二节完形填空（20分）A weak old man went to live with his son,daughter-in-law, and a four-year-old grandson. The old man’s hands _31___, his eyesight was poor, and his step was unsteady. The family ate together nightly at the dinner table. But, the elderly grandfather`s shaky hands and ___32_ sight made eating rather difficult. Peas __33__ his spoon onto the floor. When he grasped the glass, often milk spilled on the tablecloth.The son and daughter-in-law became _34____ with the mess.So, the husband and wife _35__ a small table in the corner. There Grandfather __36__ alone , while the rest of the family enjoyed dinner at the dinner table. Since grandfather had broken a dish or two, his food was served in a _37__ bowl.Sometimes when the family glanced in grandfather`s direction, the old man had __38__ in his eyes. _39____,the only words the couple had for him were _40___ scoldings(责骂), when he dropped a fork or spilled food. The four-year-old grandson watched it all __41__.One evening, before supper, the father noticed his son playing with wood pieces on the floor. He asked the child sweetly , “What are you making? Just as sweetly, the boy __42__, “Oh, I am making a little bowl foryou and Mama to eat your food from when I grow up. ”The four-year-old son smiled and went back to work. The words so _43___ the parents that they were speechless. Then tears started to ___44_ their cheeks. That evening, the husband took Grandfather`s hand and gently led him back to the family table.For the reminder of his days he ate every meal with the family. And, for some reason, neither husband nor wife seemed to care any longer when a fork was dropped, or milk spilled, or the tablecloth__45__.Children are extremely _46___. Their eyes always observe, their ears always listen, and their minds always __47__ the messages they absorb. If they see us patiently provide a happy home _48___ for family members, they will __49__ the attitude for the rest of their lives. The wise parent realize that every day is being __50____ for the child’s future. Let us all be wise builders and role models.31. A roughed B froze C troubled D trembled32. A narrowing B sharpening C failing D darkening33. A rolled off B fell down C broken up D dropped out34. A relaxed B concerned C worried D annoyed35. A fetched B set C rent D fixed36. A ate B waited C watched D cried37. A plastic B glass C wooden D metal38. A trust B hate C fears D tears39. A Instead B Still C So D Therefore40. A sudden B mild C sharp D polite41. A in silence B in favor C in anger D at once42. A repeated B requested C remarked D responded43. A involved B struck C frightened D bothered44. A pour from B come off C stream down D make up45. A burst B bowed C tore D dirtied46. A aware B sensitive C admirable D awkward47. A deal with B make closer C comment on D refer to48. A atmosphere B situation C surrounding D background49. A adjust B review C copy D polish50. A applied B paid C supposed D laid第三部分：阅读理解：（满分30分）AOctober 31st is Halloween, a Western "ghost festival". Chinese people also have ghost festival on July 15 of lunar calendar, which is called "Zhongyuan Festival" or "Hungry Ghost Festival". The ghosts are believed to be released for no more than two days during Halloween, while it's at least for one month during Chinese ghost festival.Stemmed from different cultures, let's see how they are different and how they are similar.Keep evolving & Tradition sustainsThe Halloween, stemming from a festival of warding spirits in Ireland, has evolved from pagan to Christian, and to secular, with the theme becoming a carnival(狂欢节) for all.Zhongyuan Festival originates from Buddhist traditions, and then integrates Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism, which still remains a religious observance in China.Expel ghosts & Respect ghostsThe two festivals, both themed on ghosts, have different attitudes toward them. During Halloween, people dress up like ghosts to scare away spirits rather than please them. While during Chinese Zhongyuan Festival, people burn paper money and sacrifice the spirits to show their respect.Funny & ScaryThe Halloween has become a full-of-fun carnival when people dress up, play trick-or-treat games, and partying. With its light theme, the festival has been celebrated around the world, also in China.While Chinese Zhongyuan Festival is still a serious thing and people are scared of ghosts when talking about them. There are some taboos during the festival which can avoid the spirits from hurting you, like no swimming and no walking outside late at night.Pumpkin lantern & Water lanternDuring Halloween, people make pumpkin lights, which are made by hollowing the pumpkin, carving evil faces on the surface and put candles inside, used to drive out the spirits.During Zhongyuan Festival, Chinese people also make river lanterns which are made by pasting paper into a lotus shapes with a lamp or candle placed inside. Lanterns are released to rivers or lakes to guide the way for the dead people to the dark hell.51.The Halloween is celebrated worldwide because _______.A it is a western cultureB people like playing a trick by natureC many activities are heldD it provides entertainment for people52.Which of the following should people avoid doing during Chinese Zhongyuan Festival?A Going outing late that nightB Talking about ghostsC Releasing river lanternsD Burning paper money53.What do the two ghost festivals have in common?A Ghosts enjoy freedom for about one month.B Religious tradition is still kept alive.C People have respect for ghosts.D Lanterns are made to drive away spirits.BMy children are unlikely to read this, which is lucky for me, because it would give them support for the ongoing “Can we get a dog or a cat?”argument. Because the research suggests that having one is good for children. A study published in JAMA Pediatrics shows that children who had a dog in their first year of life were 13% less likely to develop asthma(哮喘) by the time they were six than those from dog-free households. It is believed that children are more likely to develop allergies(过敏) if they are brought up in super-clean environments. This study allowed for other factors that increase the risk of asthma, but can still show only an association.It is estimated that 46% of the households in the UK have pets, with dogs and then cats the most common animals. The evidence on the benefit of having cats in reducing allergies is inconsistent, but some research shows that pets make children healthier. A study of 397 Finnish babies in 2012 found that, during their first year of life, those whose parents had dogs or cats had fewer colds and needed less antibiotics(抗生素) than those from homes without pets. Dogs offered more protection than cats. The researchers think this is because they brought in more dirt from outside to cause the babies’ immune system(免疫系统) to function.There is also some evidence that having a pet may make children feel more popular and be more understanding. Older studies found that pets increased the amount of time families spent together as well as the amount of “fun” they had.Pets can help children to learn about responsibility, take more exercise (if you get a dog) and deal with loss--- who can forget when their family pet got run over?However, the research for health benefits is not strong enough on its own to give good reason for a pet in our home. Both dogs and cats have a tendency to poop(大便), and they can carry worms or other parasites(寄生虫). Also, while I couldn’t find any studies, it seems that few children look after the animals they repeatedly asked their parents for.54.According to some research, having a pet makes children healthier because_____.A they are unlikely to develop asthmaB they live in a super-clean environmentC pets can protect them from dangerD dirt makes them better able to defend against disease55.Having pets has the following benefits except ________.A gaining popularityB having more responsibilityC increasing the time with familyD avoiding suffering from losses56.What does the last para mainly talk about?A There is no good reason for having pets.B Having pets had its disadvantages.C Children share the care of pets with parents.D Pets may bring diseases to children.57.What can be the best title for the passage?A Will having a pet make your child healthier.B What benefits do pets bring to your child.C How does having a pet reduce the risk of disease?D Can children have a dog or a cat?CIt's easy to assume that when you finally lose those excess pounds, life will change for the better. But dieting can in fact make you miserable and more at risk of depression, a study claims.Researchers found that losing weight didn’t make people happy. Instead, those who successfully slimmed down were almost twice as likely to feel sad, lonely and listless than those who stayed the same weight or got fatter.The research, at University College London, found that the advertising industry tells dieters their lives will be transformed when they are thinner. They then feel disappointed when they discover little has changed other than their weight. In addition, dieting itself can be difficult, which in turn can cause people to feel down.The findings come from a study of almost 2,000 overweight and obese men and women aged 50 and over. They were weighed at the start of the study and answered questions about how often they felt sad, lonely and listless. Four years later, some 14 per cent of the volunteers had lost at least 5 per cent of their body weight –an amount known to improve health.Tests showed their blood pressure and levels of harmful blood fats had dropped, however their mood was also lower. Those who had lost weight were 78 per cent more likely to have symptoms of depression than those who hadn’t.And importantly, the link could not be explained away by participants’having fallen ill or suffered a bereavement(丧亲) or divorce during the intervening years, the journal PLOS ONE reported.Researcher Sarah Jackson said: ‘We do not want to discourage anyone from trying to lose weight, which has tremendous physical benefits, but people should not expect weight loss to instantly improve all aspects of life.The difficulties of sticking to a diet may also have a negative effect on mood, the researchers found.‘Dieting requires considerable willpower and it might involve missing out on special meals and eating in restaurants. It is not necessarily the most pleasant experience for people.‘Lots of people want to lose weight thinking it will fix all their problems. But while it will go some way towards fixing their health, it won’t necessarily make them happier in the short-term.’She added that it is possible that slimmers are happier eventually, especially if they feel a sense of achievement from reaching their target weight and maintaining it.58. It can be learned from the passage that ______.A the difficulty in dieting makes people feel stressedB overweight women are more likely to suffer depressionC with blood pressure dropping, people’s mood dropped tooD the more weight one loses, the more depression he is to suffer59. Researchers Sarah Jackson may agree that ______.A people shouldn’t go on dietsB dieting can’t make people fitter and healthierC dieters’ life will be improved when they are thinnerD people shouldn’t expect too much from going on diets60. The writer’s attitude toward dieting is _____.A objectiveB subjectiveC optimisticD pessimistic61. The main idea of the passage is ______.A dieting makes people fitter and healthierB dieting helps people solve many a problemC dieting makes people depressedD dieting makes people lose pleasant experiencesD(选择A 卷的请做此篇)Recently, while eating lunch by myself at a local diner, I realized something that genuinely bothered me: I’m losing the ability to sit and do nothing. Where I used to be able to sit contently and simply daydream or observe my surroundings, I now feel anxious, restless, and awkward if I’m sitting alone with nothing specific for my hands or brain to do.It didn’t take me long to figure out why. Looking around at the other solo diners that day, I noticed something common: the smart phone. Technology is replacing something many people have never thought was worth doing—sitting still and simply letting your mind wander.I worry that the more dependent we become on technology to help us pass idle time, the less likely we’ll be to allow our minds to wander in positive ways. It’s already become common for parents to hand their kids an iPhone when they’re complaining of boredom. While I recognize the logic-enhancing and hand/eye coordination(协调) benefits of video games in young people, I can’t help but wonder how that constant stimulation is taking away opportunities for them to expand their imaginations, creativity, and overall mindfulness.I’m noticing it in older generations, too. Just the other day, I witnessed a woman walking outside on a beautiful morning with her head down, reading a Kindle. Meanwhile, the natural beauty of her surroundings was going by unnoticed. While it’s true that she was engaging her imagination through the book, her brain was missing out on a different kind of stimulation—the kind you can only get when you allow yourself to truly appreciate the natural world we’re all apart of. And lest you think stopping to smell the roses or listening to the birds sing isn’t all that important, consider that establishing a true and lasting connection to nature may be only way we’ll be able to shake society’s general apathy toward climate change and make the real changes necessary to curb its impacts.Which brings me to my favorite argument for why we need to spend more time staring into space rather than into ascreen: how else can we encourage the cutting-edge ideas, innovations, and solutions that only seem to pop into one’s mind when it’s disengaged from a specific task and allowed to wander? I recently read Mason Currey’s book Daily Rituals: How Artists Work, which is a fascinating rundown of the work habits of 161 of history’s greatest creative thinkers from Matisse and Mahler to Freud and Einstein. What stood out to me by the end was how many of them took time out of their busy days to take a walk or just sit and seemingly do nothing. Who knows how many world-changing ideas first made themselves apparent during those daily moments of stillness and contemplation? It suggested to me that what we consider “downtime”may actually be the access point to a higher plane of thinking—one that I’m hoping to find my way back into now that I’ve opened my eyes again to the world that exists outside of the phone in my pocket.来源：Christian Williams is Editor in Chief of Utne Reader; contact him at cwilliams@ or follow him on Twitter: @cwwilliams. He also paints and makes music. View and listen to his work at .62. The author feels awkward at a local diner because he/she ______.A doesn’t have a smart phoneB has no company when eatingC finds him/herself dependent on technologyD is looking at other people dining63. What can be inferred from para 3 and 4?A Video games are beneficial to expend children’s imaginationsB Reading on a Kindle can’t develop imagination like physical books.C Technology has brought great change to the natural world.D Heavy dependence on technology will kill people’s creative thinking.64. The underlined word “apathy” (para 4) has the possible meaning of _______.A uncertain attitudeB lacking concernC immediate measuresD urgent warning65. Mason Curry’ s book is mentioned in the last para to indicate____.A how artists work in their spare timeB even great thinkers do nothing sometimesC doing nothing encourages inspirationD stillness makes a quick access to being great thinkersD(选择B卷的同学请做此篇)Being busy has somehow become a symbol of honor. The popular idea is that if you aren’t super busy, you aren’t important or hardworking. The truth is, busyness makes you less productive.When we think of a super busy person, we think of a ringing phone, a flood of e-mails, and a schedule that’s bursting with major projects and side-projects hitting at the same time. Such a situation leads to multi-tasking and interruption, which are both deadly to productivity.David Meyer from the University of Michigan published a study recently that showed that switching what you’re doing mid-task increases the time it takes you to finish both tasks by 25%.“Multitasking is going to slow you down, increasing the chances of mistakes,”Meyer said.Microsoft decided to study this phenomenon in their workers and found that it took people an average of 15 minutes to return to their important projects (such as writing reports or computer code) every time they were interrupted by e-mails, phone calls, or other messages. They didn’t spend the 15 minutes on the interrupting messages, either; the interruptions led them to stray to other activities, such as surfing the web for pleasure.Beyond interruptions, busyness reduces productivity because there’s a bottleneck in the brain that prevents us from concentrating on two things at once. When you try to do two things at once, your brain lacks the capacity to perform both tasks successfully. In a breakthrough study, RenéMarois and his colleagues at Vanderbuilt University used MRIs tosuccessfully pinpoint a physical source for this bottleneck. The study suggested that practicing mindfulness increases your ability to focus and concentrate because it increases brain density in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). As it turns out, multitasking has the opposite effect on this critical brain area. Researchers from the University of Sussex compared the amount of time people spend on multiple devices (such as texting while watching TV) to MRI scans of their brains. They found that high multitaskers had less brain density in the ACC. It’s as if being busy all the time (via multitasking) trains your brain to be mindless and unproductive.I doubt these findings completely surprise you as we’ve all felt the distracting pull of competing tasks when we’re busy. So why do we keep doing it?Researchers from the University of Chicago have the answer. They found that the belief that busyness is a sign of success and hard work is so prevalent that we actually fear inactivity.The researchers also found that we use busyness to hide from our laziness and fear of failure. We burn valuable time doing things that aren’t necessary or important because this busyness makes us feel productive. For instance, responding to non-urgent e-mails when you know you have a big project that you need to finish.We are naturally drawn to being busy despite the fact that this hinders our productivity. As it turns out, you really do have to slow down to do your best. When you don’t, the consequences can be severe.来源：https:///pulse/how-being-busy-makes-you-less-productive-dr-travis-bradberry62. Busyness makes you unproductive because_____.A the possibility of making mistakes increases by 25%.B people are likely to be interrupted by other messages.C people spend too much time on urgent thingsD the less time you will spend on tasks63. According to the studies, the less brain density in the ACC you have, _____.A the more focused you will be on workB the less productive you will becomeC the more tasks you can take at onceD the less time you will spend on tasks64. People are drawn to being busy all the time for the following reasons except ____.A busyness makes you feel more productiveB busyness means you are hardworkingC busyness has become a sign of successD busyness can prevent you from failure65. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?第二卷（非选择题共40分）第四部分：任务型阅读（满分10分）Was Jesus happy？Americans tend to think Jesus was happy, extrovert(外向的), agreeable, kind and caring. Koreans, on the other hand, associate Jesus more with suffering, sacrifice, and pity, according to a recent analysis in Personality and Social PsychologyConnections.Responses to the simple question about Jesus and happiness, whose Biblical depiction is essentially the same worldwide, turn out to involve complex factors, such as shared life histories among groups of people, culture and possibly even genetics."Americans meet far more strangers than others and need to be more extroverted than the Japanese, Koreans and others who tend to interact with a small number of people repeatedly, so extroversion is a highly valued asset in the U.S.," Shigehiro Oishi, lead author of the study, told Discovery News. "In the end, happiness, extroversion, and kindness are all highly valued qualities among Americans, and they might just see Jesus to have these highly desirable characteristics."Oishi said that "Buddhism and other religions had been firmly in place in Korea before the introduction of Christianity, and life is suffering in Buddhism. The main goal of Buddhism was to reduce pain and suffering.”Other cultural differences may further explain the American and Korean responses. Oishi said such differences pose "an egg and chicken problem" involving genetics and shared life experiences, since one can affect the other. It is also unclear if the image of Jesus might be culturally constructed to fit an existing ideal, or if it could reflect an individual's self-image.Casey Eggleston, a researcher at the University of Virginia, told Discovery News that language differences also come into play, with the meaning of happiness differing across cultures over time."The historical definition included concepts of luck and good fortune, but that meaning has fallen out of use in the U.S., where many believe they can pursue and obtain happiness by their own effort, while it remains a major part of the concept in most other cultures," she explained."Similarly, the emotional connotation of the word happy varies substantially. While the American concept typically includes upbeat positive emotions like excitement, the concept in East Asia tends to focus more on calm positive emotions like peace and contentment."The researchers chose to focus on two particular countries, but they expect respondents in other nations with a large Christian base would also provide different, culture-predicted responses to the question, "Was Jesus happy?"As for Oishi's answer to whether or not Jesus was happy, he said, "I don't know for sure, but I don't think so. He had a tough life."来源：/human/psychology/jesus-happy-120406.htm discovery newsTheme Was Jesus happy?Different___66_____ Americans are more likely to associate Jesus with __67____ meanings while Koreans with negative ones.Various _68___ in the differences Life history More social __69__ leads Americans to value extroversion more than Koreans. Culture ●Long before Christianity was __70__ to Korea, Koreans believe in Buddhism, whose teachings foucus on _71___.●The image of Jesus may be created to fit for or __72_ the culture.__73____ Happiness has different meanings __74__ on different cultures over time.●Historically, happiness is no longer associated with luck in the USA as in othercultures.●__75__, happiness can mean excitement to Americans but peace andcontentment to Asians.Conclusion There is no definite answer to the question.第五部分：单词拼写：（5分）76. They collect 1.35 yuan per day from each member and add it to some money c______ by the government.77. Many Chinese people remain “too shy” to express their great a_____ for their parents.78. She accepted his i________ to join him for lunch this weekend.79. The students p_____ actively in school activities are more likely to be outgoing persons.80. My job with the UN is not paid but v______, and I visit countries to help those in need.81. Many job seekers seem to have no interest in certain positions, with 800 left _____(空缺的).82. More practice is the key to ______ (保证) a successful performance.83. I couldn’t stand other people ____(取笑) about my red hair when I was at school.84. Women were becoming more ______(政治) active and trying to bring about social change.85. Online learning requires much time, ____ (全心投入) and discipline to keep up with the flow of the course.第六部分：书面表达（25分）A卷下面是一位名叫Mary的女孩写给某报编辑的一封信，请以编辑的身份给她回一封信。
高二江苏省苏州市2015至2016学年第一学期期末考试高二语文试卷含附加和答案
2015－2016学年第一学期期末考试试卷高二语文2016. 1注意事项：考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求1．本试卷满分为160分，考试时间为150分钟。
2．答题前，务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在答题卡的规定位置上，考试结束后，请将答题卡交回，在本试卷上答题无效。
一、语言文字运用(15分)1．在下面一段话空缺处依次填入词语，最恰当．．．的一组是(3分)近日外媒撰文称，诺基亚的衰落▲ 了芬兰的创业公司，最开始大家都以为是▲ ，现在看反而是拯救了芬兰。
大量被裁员工极大地刺激了创业市场，他们广泛分布在游戏、洁净科技、生物、健康与教育等领域。
在这些领域中，移动游戏▲ ，成为芬兰的新名片。
A．激活噩梦别开生面B．激励噩耗别开生面C．激励噩梦别具一格D．激活噩耗别具一格2．下列各句中，没有．．语病的一项是(3分)A．如今，手机在中小学校园大有泛滥之势，怎样有效地劝阻孩子不玩手机，而是集中精力投入学习，这让很多家长感到困惑。
B．国际放射防护委员会对人体可接受的辐射剂量限值有明确规定，对于普通公众，要求一年内不超过5毫西弗左右。
C．“新生代农民工”自从被列入政府重点关注的对象之后，各级政府积极行动，将关心新生代农民工成长作为新一年度工作重点。
D．本届世俱杯上，恒大欲与巴萨过招的愿望终于实现。
赛前的新闻发布会，吸引了包括西班牙、巴西等国在内的几十家报社的记者。
3．下列诗句中，没有．．使用借代手法的一项是(3分)A．宫女如花满春殿，只今惟有鹧鸪飞。
(李白《越中览古》)B．朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨。
(杜甫《自京赴奉先县咏怀五百字》)C．谈笑间、樯橹灰飞烟灭。
(苏轼《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》)D．知否、知否？应是绿肥红瘦。
(李清照《如梦令》)4．在下面一段文字横线处填入语句，衔接最恰当．．．的一项是(3分)在我的记忆中，以前这里的民宅大都是吊脚楼，▲ ，▲ 。
▲ ，▲。
▲ ，▲ 。
2015-2016学年度第一学期期末联考高二语文
A援 尽可能多地建造廉价公寓袁使之成为这个群体居住和工作的野中转站冶遥 B援 设法让这些群体获得既相对低廉又卫生的居住环境遥 C援 野蚂蚁冶不该嫌家乡太小袁应登上时代的列车袁跨出回乡的艰难一步遥 D援 取消户籍尧学历尧性别等人为限制袁为这个群体创造一个机会均等的就业环境遥 3援 下列观点符合文意的一项是渊 冤渊3分冤 A援 根据商业社会的赤裸裸尧硬邦邦的生存逻辑袁如果返回农村或小城袁也许他们这辈子就
第玉卷 阅读题 甲 必考题
一尧现代文阅读渊9分袁每小题3分冤 阅读下面的文字袁完成1-3题遥 野蚁族冶指的是那些聚居于城中村袁收入不高尧工作不稳定的野高校毕业生低收入聚居群体冶遥
据统计袁仅北京一地就有至少10万野蚁族冶袁而在全国这一群体拥有上百万规模和数量遥 在这群怀揣理想尧面对现实的野蚂蚁冶面前袁讲励志故事袁谈成功之道袁没有多少意义袁因为没
谈成功之道袁没有多少意义遥 二尧古代诗文阅读渊40分冤
渊19分冤 阅读下面的文言文袁完成4-7题遥 李春芳袁字子实袁扬州兴化人遥 嘉靖二十六年举进士第一袁除修撰遥 简入西苑撰青词袁大被帝 大进眷礼左袁与及侍侍岁郎读时袁转严给吏讷赐部· 超袁皆袁· 擢代严翰讷为林为之学礼制士部遥遥尚寻帝书迁嘉遥太之时常袁赐宗少名室卿宗蕃袁拜藩衍礼条袁岁部例禄右遥苦侍寻不郎加继袁太俱遥子兼春太学芳保士考遥袁· 故直四· 事西十袁苑四为如年书故命上遥兼之佐武遥理诸英部殿吉事大凶袁 学士袁与讷并参机务遥 世宗眷侍直诸臣厚袁凡迁除皆出特旨遥 春芳自学士至柄政袁凡六迁袁未尝一 由廷推遥 春芳恭慎袁不以势凌人遥 居政府持论平袁不事操切袁时人比之李时曰其才力不及也袁而廉洁过 之遥 时徐阶为首辅袁得君甚遥 春芳每事必推阶袁阶亦雅重之遥 隆庆元年春袁有诏修翔凤楼袁春芳曰院 野上新即位袁而遽兴土木袁可乎钥 冶事遂止遥 齐康之劾徐阶也袁语侵春芳遥春芳疏辨求去袁帝慰留之遥及代阶为首辅袁益务以安静袁称帝意遥 时 公同 尚列 尔者 我陈 安以 能勤 久尧容张旦居夕正乞遥身以耳勤居· 端正· 谨遽袁而曰居如正此恃庶才保凌令物名袁遥视春春芳芳愕蔑然如袁也三遥疏始乞阶休以袁人帝言不罢允春遥 既芳叹而赵曰贞徐 吉入代以勤袁刚而负气遥 及高拱再入直袁凌春芳出其上袁春芳不能与争袁谨自饬而已遥 时春芳已累 加少师兼太子太师袁进吏部尚书袁改中极殿袁度拱辈终不容己袁两疏请· 归· 养袁不允遥 南京给事中王
2015-2016学年高二语文上学期期末考试试题
2015-2016学年度上学期（期末）考试高二语文试题【新课标】一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。
“家风”是一个家族开展教育的起点。
在传统中国，社会教育不发达，人的成长往往依赖家庭教育。
许多大的家族组织，承担着对本家族成员的社会保障功能。
家族成员之间通过礼仪性的活动取得联系，同时也接受家族的集体约束。
在这一层面，家风家训好比家族“纲领”，指导和规训着每一位家族成员的生活和行为。
“家风”还是家族的共识性的道德观念。
无锡《锦树堂钱氏宗谱》所记载钱氏《家训》，可以概括为“孝、悌、忠、信、礼、义、廉、耻”八字。
在传统社会，家风往往是儒家核心价值观念的具体展开，因族群的生活环境及文化传统不同，侧重会略有不同，但无外乎是教人向善、积极进取、勤劳节俭。
在每一个具体的家族中，家风不仅仅是道德教化的口号，还是家族精神的体现，通过代代家族成员具体的行为而践行和传承。
有的历史人物，可能和这个家族并无直接的血缘关系，但是因为相同姓氏往往也被说成是本族的祖先。
用祖先的荣耀和事迹，增强自身的荣誉感和尊严感，凝聚家族成员，使他们对于姓氏家族本身产生认同。
家风实际是一种经过历史积累而形成的精神尺度。
中共中央办公厅印发的《关于培养和践行社会主义核心价值观的意见》，为积极培育和践行社会主义核心价值观指明了方向：国家层面倡导富强、民主、文明、和谐，社会层面倡导自由、平等、公正、法治，公民层面倡导爱国、敬业、诚信、友善。
这是对社会主义核心价值观的高度概括，反映了现阶段全国人民价值观的“最大公约数”。
从家风到社会主义核心价值观，一个具体现实，一个宏观抽象，二者其实存在深刻的内在联系。
正是有了家风这样的微观载体，宏观抽象的社会主义核心价值观才会变得具体而鲜活，也就更容易从精神层面的“深入”，到具体行动上的“浅出”。
现实中，家庭就是这样一个很好的载体。
中国传统文化讲究“修身、齐家、治国，平天下”，强调个人、家庭、国家的统一。
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常州市教育学会2015～2016学年第一学期期末教学情况调研高二语文2016年1月一、语言文字运用(15 分)1．下列词语中加点字的读音全都不同的一组是（3分）A．浸渍．暴戾恣．睢孜．孜以求B．逶．迤虚与委．蛇为．虎作伥C．棱．角盛气凌．人幽韵泠．然D．缇．骑风流倜．傥晶莹剔．透2．下列各组词语中，字形全都正确的一项是（3分）A．庖丁解牛笑魇如花簪缨之族B．揾英雄泪娴于辞令力能扛鼎C．恂恂鄙人相形见诎作壁上观D．运筹帷幄破釜沉舟自矜攻伐3．依次填入下列横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是（3分）（1）有学者认为，清明节成型于大唐盛世，是由清明、寒食、上巳三个节日▲而成的。
（2）市长在谈及市政建设时指出，城市管理要标本兼治，▲，不断改善人居环境。
（3）其他景致，或以山色取胜，或以水色撩人，唯独在这里，水与山▲：岷江的水环绕青城山，我们就栖身在这岷江水畔的山水人家。
A．融汇持之以恒相得益彰B．融汇锲而不舍相映成趣C．融合锲而不舍相得益彰D．融合持之以恒相映成趣4．填入下列文字中横线处的句子，与上下文衔接较好的一项是（3分）纪实文学，理应讲究纪实性与文学性的高度统一，作为纪实文学之一的传记文学，▲。
缺乏真实丰富的事实材料，而靠浮辞丽藻挥洒成篇，只能写出苍白无力的东西；缺乏生动形象的文学语言，而仅罗列人物生平事迹，也不会葆有长久的感染力。
A．必须特别注意材料的真实性B．也应注意文采，以求引人入胜C．同样存在着一个“实”与“文”的结合与统一问题D．也要考虑到“文”与“实”二者的有机联系5．下列有关文学常识的叙述，不正确的选项是（3分）A．先秦诸子散文各具特色，如孟子善于雄辩、气势壮阔，庄子善用寓言、想象丰富。
B．《报任安书》的“书”指书信，《河渠书》的“书”代表用来综述典章制度的体例。
C．词是可以歌唱、配乐的韵文，藉由词人所用的词牌，即可了解词作的内容。
D．王实甫的《西厢记》虽然也以功成名就和有情人终成眷属作为团圆结局，但体现了重爱情、轻功名的思想。
二、文言文阅读（共33分）（一）阅读下面的文言文，完成6～9题。
（16分）沛公引兵西，遇彭越昌邑，因与俱攻秦军，战不利。
还至栗，遇刚武侯，夺其军，可四千余人。
与魏将皇欣、魏申徒武蒲之军并攻昌邑，昌邑未拔。
西过高阳。
郦食其为监门，曰：“诸将过此者多，吾视沛公大人长者。
”乃求见说沛公。
沛公方踞床。
郦生不拜，长揖，曰：“足下必．欲诛无道秦，不宜踞见长者。
”于是沛公起，摄衣谢之，延上坐。
食其说沛公袭陈留，得秦积粟。
乃以郦食其为广野君，郦商为将，将陈留兵，与偕攻开封，开封未拔。
西与秦将杨熊战白马，又战曲遇东，大破之。
杨熊走之荥阳，二世使使者斩以徇．。
南攻颍阳，屠之。
因张良遂略韩地轘辕。
初，项羽与宋义北救赵，及项羽杀宋义，代为上将军，诸将黥布皆属，破秦将王离军，降章邯，诸侯皆附。
及赵高已杀二世，使人来，欲约分王关中。
沛公以为诈，乃用张良计，使郦生、陆贾往说秦将，啖以利，因袭攻武关，破之。
又与秦军战于蓝田南，益张疑兵旗帜，诸所过毋得掠卤，秦人憙，秦军解，因大破之。
汉元年十月，沛公兵遂先诸侯至霸上。
秦王子婴素车白马，系颈以组，降轵道旁。
诸将或言诛秦王。
沛公曰：“始怀王遣我，固以能宽容；且人已服降，又杀之，不祥。
”乃以秦王属．吏，遂西入咸阳。
欲止宫休舍，樊哙、张良谏，乃还军霸上。
召诸县父老豪桀曰：“父老苦秦苛法久矣。
吾与诸侯约，先入关者王之，吾当王关中。
与父老约，法三章耳：杀人者死，伤人及盗抵罪。
余悉除去秦法。
诸吏人皆案堵．．如故。
凡吾所以来，为父老除害，非有所侵暴，无恐！且吾所以还军霸上，待诸侯至而定约束耳。
”乃使人与秦吏行县乡邑，告谕之。
秦人大喜，争持牛羊酒食献飨军士。
沛公又让不受，曰：“仓粟多，非乏，不欲费人。
”人又益喜，唯恐沛公不为秦王。
（节选自《史记•高祖本纪》）6．下列各组中加点的词，意义和用法相同的一项是（3分）A．因．与俱攻秦军因．张良遂略韩地轘辕B．乃．用张良计今其志乃．反不能及C．又与秦军战于．蓝田南屈原既放，游于．江潭D．凡吾所以．．传道受业解惑也．．来，为父老除害师者，所以7．写出下列句子中加点的词在文中的意思。
（4分）（1）足下必．欲诛无道秦（2）二世使使者斩以徇．（3）乃以秦王属．吏（4）诸吏人皆案堵．．如故8．把文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
（6分）（1）于是沛公起，摄衣谢之，延上坐。
（2）仓粟多，非乏，不欲费人。
9．根据选文内容，用三个四字短语概括刘邦作为政治家的品质。
（3分）（二）阅读下面的文言文，完成10～13题。
（17分）童贤母传方孝孺童贤母，姓罗氏，宁海童处士释卿妻也。
罗为县旧族，贤母少丧亲，姿端厚，有识度，年十三归童氏。
时处士之祖母高年而父母皆老，贤母事之孝敬雍顺，治产业，习女工，甚得归道。
舅姑喜，家政一任之。
祖母晚病，手足痹不能举，溲恶或时污床席。
贤母躬抱持洗涤，饮食必执匙箸以进，久而不懈。
祖姑心德．其所为，每私祝曰：“吾苦新妇无以报，愿汝有子有妇，咸若汝之孝敬。
”贤母有知能，遇女妹及族人亲戚皆有恩。
祖姑及舅姑卒，相夫奉丧葬于内外，细粗指画经综皆有方略条理。
既而家浸．盛，生四丈夫子。
子长，各有才智，好学问，训以礼义忠厚，尤有母道。
及处士蚤世，诸子长，娶妇生孙，一听贤母之教。
遂相与合食，不分财异爨。
作先祠，置祭器，以奉祖考。
家庭之间，出内有法，长幼有伦，遇人有惠，待宾客有礼，于是贤母远迩皆称焉。
洪武初，宁海及邻县饥，里中富人以麦贷贫乏者，每麦斗责．谷二斗三升。
时贤母家有麦数廪，召诸子谓曰：“饥者众，而吾家幸有余，安忍乘时取倍蓰之息。
若等无效他人，宜减息一斗，以为乡率。
”于是长子遵母意，与诸弟行之。
又白于县，请禁多取息以病．民者。
数百里内，贷麦者利其息小，竞奔走焉，咸叹息以为童母恩己。
母好施予孤弱，不能自存者给以钱粟，不责其偿。
人或告饥，推食以予之。
遇人有急，度其事可解属诸子为解之后或背负绝不与较至不义人戒莫近事于不可者戒弗为其揣料世事明远甚虽丈夫有弗逮也。
10．对下列句子中加点词语的解释，不正确的一项是（3分）A．祖姑心德．其所为德：感激B．既而家浸．盛浸：逐渐C．每麦斗责．谷二斗三升责：索要D．请禁多取息以病．民者病：弊病11．用斜线“∕”给上面文言文中画波浪线的部分断句。
（4分）度其事可解属诸子为解之后或背负绝不与较至不义人戒莫近事于不可者戒弗为其揣料世事明远甚虽丈夫有弗逮也。
12．把文中划线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
（7分）（1）贤母少丧亲，姿端厚，有识度，年十三归童氏。
（2）若等无效他人，宜减息一斗，以为乡率。
13．童贤母身上有哪些优良品德？（3分）三、古代诗歌阅读（10分）14．阅读下面这首宋诗，然后回答问题。
江行严羽暝色蒹葭外，苍茫旅眺情。
残雪和雁断，新月带潮生。
天到水中尽，舟随树杪行。
离家今几宿，厌听棹歌声。
【注】杪：树枝的细梢。
（1）首联中“苍茫旅眺情”一句中的“苍茫”该如何理解？（4分）（2）请从“景”与“情”的角度，赏析本诗的颔联。
（4分）（3）诗人为什么“厌听棹歌声”？（2分）四、名句名篇默写与名著阅读（12分）15．补写出下列名句名篇中的空缺部分。
（8分）（1）四围山色中，一鞭残照里。
▲ ，▲ ？（王实甫《长亭送别》）（2）盖文王拘而演《周易》；▲ ；▲ ；左丘失明，厥有《国语》。
（司马迁《报任安书》）（3）▲ ，行比一乡，▲ ，而征一国者，其自视也亦若此矣。
（《庄子•逍遥游》）（4）▲ ，▲ ；雁阵惊寒,声断衡阳之浦。
（王勃《滕王阁序》）16．“他用一支竹筷将辫子盘在头顶上，迟疑多时，这才放胆的走去。
他在街上走，人也看他，然而不说什么话，阿Q当初很不快，后来便很不平。
他近来很容易闹脾气了。
”阿Q为什么感觉“不快”和“不平？？请简要说明。
（4分）五、现代文阅读（20分）阅读下面的作品，完成17～20题。
低语朱以撒①我必须穿过几条小巷才能到达老家门口，拐一个弯的时候，我又见到了很熟悉的场景：两位老妇人倚在门边，头挨得很近，正在交谈。
她们注视着过往行人，调整着本来就很低的音量，低到只在二人的耳听范围内。
一方口中的气息笼罩着对方的脸，如果是冬日，随着密谈的节奏，两张脸之间不时升起薄薄的雾。
②我对上世纪六七十年代的记忆中，存留着这么一种言说方式——悄悄窃窃地，有一种神秘在言说的背后。
眼睛滴溜溜转着，有人靠近，话语戛然而止。
③是当时的生存状态使人如此的吧。
一种语言不是推到广大空间为人所知，而是有意控制在两人之间——对话的数量降低到最小值，也许就潜藏着戒备和保全的警觉。
④如果轻轻地言说能传达出内在的意绪，那么，这个世界永在寥廓和清静之中。
⑤敛约、平和、徐徐溜出唇齿的话语，在耳际轻拂时，内心已开始温暖。
柔情似水，其中包含语言的柔软性，还有恰当的表达速度。
同样表明一种含意，甚至更为明晰。
强音的普遍使用，代表的是一种权力，压倒对方的企图。
噪音，有时就是这类话语方式的沉渣——那么多人在街市上冲着手机叫嚷，一段路程充满了声浪，人是声浪中的泳者，污浊没过头顶，看不到宁静的岸。
⑥在以前，一个人一般不会有太多的秘密，也不会有太复杂的人际关系。
找不到适合倾诉的人时，一个人呆在田野上，直到黄昏才悄然返回——我自己就曾如此，只有面对旷野，才轻快一些。
旷野消化了胸中的郁闷。
语言被收藏着，如同储蓄罐中的硬币，不轻易掏一枚出来消费。
一个乡村的孩童在前边引路，一路无语，只在客人询问时答上一句。
不热情也不显怯意，这种朴实得到了外乡人的好感。
想想城市里的孩童，伶牙俐齿地说着套话，很可珍贵的童趣、稚气蜕皮般地蜕掉了。
一个人在孩童时期，看多了矫揉造作和放纵张扬，不知不觉就会收不住的。
⑦趴在蓬松柔软的草坪上，有窸窸窣窣声传来，土地舒展着气孔，花瓣轻轻绽开，枯枝清脆落地。
经过一片主人迟迟不来收拾的豆荚地，失去了等待耐性的枝条，借助秋阳的余威，在豆壳打开的同时，把豆粒弹射到周围的土壤里。
没有哪种拟声可以发出这种生命跃动的轻吟。
如果没有到城市来，还可以如《诗经》中的人们，听到“五月斯螽动股”或者“十月蟋蟀入我床下”的节气预报。
很多时候，我们感到这个生存的环境仍然可爱，就是这些低吟浅唱给予的——在人的声调越来越高昂的进化中，那些藏身于瓦砾石缝、田畴篱角的小生物，它们随着季节到来一次次地啁啾、呢喃，依旧委曲婉转。
⑧碰巧读到几帧弘一的墨迹，从落款看，离他圆寂已经不远。
几根萧疏的线条带着对于彼岸的眺望，静静地延伸，随心而信手。
从红尘喧嚣中毅然脱身来守候晨钟暮鼓，从李叔同墨痕的尖峭到弘一的清寒枯瘦，调子越来越低，声气越来越平，甚至就是旁人听不清的自言自语。
寂静的修行之路耗尽了朝觐者的体力，此时的笔墨已经从我们常规的体验中脱逸。
精神生活发生如此大变故的人的遗物，自知毫无希望进到它的内部。
我很坦然自己看不懂或者觉得不好看。
晚景中的人生大多是在低语中度过的，自说自笑，自问自答，使人以为他正与另一个世界交流。