金融市场与金融机构Chapter15

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15.1.1 Liabilities (b)

Nontransaction deposits are generally a bank’s highest cost funds because banks want deposits which are more stable and predictable and will pay more to the depositors (funds suppliers) in order to achieve such attributes
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15.1.2 Assets (e)
Other assets The physical capital owned by the banks is included in this category.

23Biblioteka 15.2 Basics of Banking
Before we explore the main role of banks—that is, asset transformation—it is helpful to understand some of the simple accounting associated with the process of banking.
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15.1.1 Liabilities (d)


Since assets minus liabilities equals capital, capital is seen as protecting the liability suppliers from asset devaluations or write-offs. Capital is also called the balance sheet’s “shock absorber (减震器),” thus capital levels are important.

The Balance Sheet is a list of a bank’s assets and liabilities.
Total assets = total liabilities + capital

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15.1 The Bank Balance Sheet
Flow of funds (tab down to commercial banks) /releases/z1/current/z1r-4.pdf
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准备金


指商业银行为应付日常的提款要求而保 留的流动性最高的资产。 库存现金+在中央银行的存款 收益最低，一般无利息收入
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15.1.2 Assets(b)

Cash items in process of collection。 It is a claim on another bank for funds which will be paid within a few days.

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15.1.1 Liabilities (c)


Certain borrowings can be more volatile than other liabilities, depending on market conditions, for example, fed funds. Borrowings have become a more important source of bank funds over time: in 1960, they made up only 2%, currently, 24% of bank liabilities.
中国2007年底14家上市银行合并资产负债表 （表中数据均为百分数，即各项占总额的百分比）
资产（资金运用） 负债与所有者权益 （资金来源） 一般性存款 主动负债 负债合计 其他资产 合计 9.22% 100% 所有者权益 占负债82.12% 占负债17.88% 100 %
现金资产 贷款 证券投资类
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We examine how banking is conducted to earn the highest profits possible. In the commercial banking setting, we look at loans, balance sheet management, and income determinants. Topics include:
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15.1.1 Liabilities (c)
Borrowings: banks obtain funds by borrowing from the Federal Reserve System, other banks, and corporations; these borrowings are called: 1, discount loans/advances 预支款 (from the Fed), 2, fed funds (from other banks), interbank offshore dollar deposits (from other banks), 3, repurchase agreements, a.k.a. (also known as）, “repos” from other banks and companies, 4, commercial paper and notes (from companies and institutional investors)
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15.1.1 Liabilities (d)

Bank Capital: is the source of funds supplied by the bank owners, either directly through purchase of ownership shares or indirectly through retention of earnings (retained earnings being the portion of funds which are earned as profits but not paid out as ownership dividends)
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15.1.1 Liabilities (a)


Checkable deposits are a bank’s lowest cost funds because depositors want safety and liquidity and will accept a lesser interest return from the bank in order to achieve such attributes; Costs of maintaining checkable accounts include interest payments and the cost incurred in servicing.
Chapter 15
Banking and the Management of Financial Institutions
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Banks play an important role in channeling funds (about $6 trillion annually) to finance productive investment opportunities. They provide loans to businesses, finance college educations, and allow us to purchase homes with mortgages.

The Bank Balance Sheet Basics of Banking General Principles of Bank Management Off-Balance Sheet Activities Measuring Bank Performance
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15.1 The Bank Balance Sheet
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15.1.2 Assets (c)
Securities A bank’s holding of securities are an important income-earning assets.

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15.1.2 Assets (d)

Loans - banks make their profits primarily by issuing loans.

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15.1.1 Liabilities (a)




Checkable Deposits (支票存款): includes all accounts that allow the owner (depositor) to write checks to third parties; examples include non-interest earning checking accounts (known as DDAs—demand deposit accounts), interest earning negotiable orders of withdrawal (NOW,可转换支付指令) accounts, and money-market deposit accounts (MMDAs), which typically pay the most interest (支付利息最高 的) among checkable deposit accounts
13.68% 48.28% 28.82%