新世纪大学英语系列教材综合教材(4)完型填空
新世纪大学英语综合教程4(最全版答案)
Unit 1一、1. disaster 2. compelled 3. historical 4. disciplined 5. destruction 6. output 7. retreat 8.二、1. show signs of 2. called upon 3. off limits 4. in fear of 5. slow down 6. cut down 7. from三、IN CREASING YOUR WORD POWERsmoke + fog; web + log; breakfast + lunch ;medical + care ;motor + hotel; net + citizen ;scienc Anthropology: the scientific study of the human race, especially of its origins, development, cus Archaeology: the study of the buried remains of the ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools, a Ecology: the study of the relations of plants, animals, and people to each other and to their sur Geology: the study of rocks, soils, etc. which make up the Earth, and of their changes during the Ideology: a set of ideas that an economic or political system is based onMusicology: the study of the history and theory of musicPsychology: the scientific study of the mind and how it influences behaviourSociology: the scientific study of the nature and development of society and social behaviour Zoology: the scientific study of animals and their behaviour四、1. collective individual 2. consistent contradictory 3. constructive destructive 4. irrationa五、GRAMMAR REVIEW1. She wished us health and success in the new year.2. He asked how we were getting along with our work.3. Jack said to me that I would be happy to know that his condition had improved.4. Rose asked Jack whether he was sure his mother would like the idea.5. He asked John how long he had been waiting for them.6. She said I needn't have done all that myself.(2) 1. The strikers protested to the police that they had no right to arrest them.2. He promised that he would give us whatever assistance we needed.3. He agreed (that) that was the best solution to the problem.4. My sister admitted that it was she who had broken the glass.5. He declared that he meant what he said and would never go back on his word.6. The man insisted that we give an explanation of what had happened.7. Mrs. Don't complained that no one showed concern for the elderly in that country.8. The sales manager explained that he couldn't give us a definite answer because he had not rec (1) realm (2) elemental (3) obtain (4) stubbornly (5) transferred (6) transformed (7) subdued (8翻译1、这个村子离边境很近 村民们一直担心会受到敌人的攻击。
新世纪大学英语综合教程4选词填空
U11.The enormous oil spill on Alaska's North Slope region in 1989 was a(n) _disaster_ forAlaskan sea animals.2.Due to the lack of labor force, even women in this village were _compelled_ to work in thecoal mines.3.The travel agency promised to offer foreign travellers everything from _historical_monuments and castles to modern leisure activities.4.According to the rules set by the company, anyone who is regularly late for work is likely tobe _disciplined_ or dismissed.5.People in that area are already threatened with environmental _destruction_ since 60% of theforest there has been destroyed.6.The auto company has seen a huge increase in the _output_ of private cars this year due to theimproved working efficiency.7.Under the severe attack from enemy aircraft, the troops were forced to _retreat_ from thefront.8.The tennis match was _abandoned_ at half-time because of the harsh weather conditions.9.The policemen searched the building thoroughly but did not find any _trace_ of the criminal.10.Survival of the Fittest is a(n) _eternal_ truth of nature.11.A series of new policies have been introduced in the region in the hope of attracting foreign_investment_ .12.The military government refused to _transfer_ power to a democratically elected civiliangovernment.13.Many people tend to _justify_ the breakdown of their marriage on the grounds of conflict ofpersonalities.14.The substance in the new medicine is believed to be safe, _nonetheless_ , the Food and DrugAdministration is going to examine it all the same.15.It has been a long tradition for businesses in this area to make _contributions_ to the localcharities.16.In order to achieve a higher GDP, the government has taken various measures to _accelerate_the rate of economic growth.17.Deforesting and global warming _threaten_ to ruin the current and future state of ourenvironment.1.Shortly after the government's new policy was put into effect, the economy of our countrybegan to _show signs of_ recovery.2.The citizens have _called upon_ the local authorities to minimize environmental destructionby banning the use of all poisonous chemicals immediately.3.It is known to all that military bases are _off limits_ to outsiders.4.She never participated in any violent sports games _in fear of_ getting injured.5.It seems that all of us are rushing around trying to get things done in a hurry – we all need to_slow down_ and take it easy.6.Many trees in this area have been _cut down_ to make room for buildings, which hasworsened our living environment.7.In order to avoid possible infection by the unknown viruses, the researchers are protected_from head to foot_ with caps, face masks and white gowns.8.The latest news becomes so easy to _come by_ thanks to the advanced network technology.9.In the end we _lost out_ to a French company in the bidding because they could do the jobcheaper.10._As yet_ we haven't felt the need for any extra hands, but it's only a matter of time.11.The vast majority of the local people there _reside in_ rural villages and survive on less thanone dollar a day.U21.Patients who had been given the new drug were asked to _monitor_ their progress and reportto the doctor down to the smallest detail.2.Private space travel is a relatively new _phenomenon_. It's difficult at the moment to assess itseffects.3.All of us need to build up relationships with others unless we choose to live in complete_isolation_ from the outside world.4.Since sending her child to the kindergarten, she has been delighted to see a(n) _gradual_change in the boy's character; he seems less self-centered now.5.As an active environmentalist (环境保护主义者), Davis has earned a reputation as anoutspoken _opponent_ of any kind of nuclear waste dumping at sea.6.Quills (羽毛笔) were the chief writing tool from the 6th century until the _advent_ of steelpens in the mid 19th century.7.Do you think it will ever be possible to alter human _genetic_ code in order to produce the"perfect" human being?8.I don't think she's _consciously_ rude to you –she has just lost her new car and feels badabout it.9.His political views are rather _extreme_; I hate to discuss anything with him.10.The cheap perfume you see on special offer in petrol stations often smells _nasty_ after acouple of hours.11.The consumer _boom_ of the 1980s led to an explosion of shopping centre development inbig cities around the country.12.You shouldn't use "Yours faithfully" – it's too _formal_ for this kind of personal letter.13.Temperatures will _soar_ into 38°C over the weekend due to the heat wave, says the weatherforecaster.14.According to a(n) _survey_ among 1000 residents, garbage collection service in the city is farfrom satisfactory.15.The cost of food and clothing has come down in recent years. _Similarly_, fuel prices havefallen quite considerably.16.The technicians are working hard to _modify_ the design of the new car to make it morecompetitive in the overseas market.17.In my childhood memories, we were living a(n) _rough_ but happy life, with no luxuries tospeak of.1.The two runners reached the finish line almost _at the same time_; who came in first wasindistinguishable to the naked eye.2.As a result of the recent financial collapse, many people _are stuck with_ worthlessinvestments.3.The survey suggests that many college students don't know _for certain_ what kind of job issuitable for them.4.You can ask him again if you like, but it would _make no difference_ – he will still say no toyou.5.The doctor explained that _on average_ people who don't smoke are healthier than those whodo.6.I'm familiar with the operating system installed on the computer, but _when it comes to_repairing the machine I don't know a thing.7.Whether or not we go to Europe for our holiday _depends on_ whether we can save enoughmoney to cover the cost.8.The new staff insisted that opportunities for promotion should be _built into_ the workcontract.9.As they are discussing influential modern artists, three names immediately _come to mind_.10.After the first course of treatment, the doctors were relieved to see the new medication _atwork_.U41.Nearly 6 million people in the mid-western area were affected by the flood, and there is a realdanger of _mass_ starvation.2.It's incredible that when he _gambled_, he always won, whether he was playing a card gameor betting on horse racing.3.The council is trying to get more people to do _voluntary_ work and render social services inthe less developed regions.4.Elephants are dying out because they are being _hunted_ for the tusks (象牙).5.Wines can be _classified_ as dry, medium or sweet according to their sugar content.6.Slavery was _abolished_ in Canada in 1833, and the Canadian authorities then encouragedslaves from America to settle down on their land.7.Some of the developing countries seem to be stuck with a tough situation –the _division_between the rich and the poor has never been so clear and sharp.8.The mass media commented that the young man's suicide was nothing but a _senseless_ wasteof his life.9.The younger generation should not just seek for the latest _fashions_; they should havelong-term commitment and try to live a worthy life.10.There's absolutely no _coordination_ between the different work teams – we don't know whatothers are doing.11.As witnesses to the accident, we were asked to make written _declarations_ of what we hadseen.12.Although he pursued a life-time career as a lawyer, his talents and achievements _spanned_ awide range of subjects in the arts as well as in sciences.13.The local government _recommends_ that the police and the inhabitants join hands to fightagainst crimes in the neighborhood.14.It seems as if every American boy between the ages of 8 and 15 likes to play video games, butsuch games are only _moderately_ popular among girls of the same age group.15.He was a really considerate friend – always available to help at the _slightest_ hint of trouble.1.In view of her outstanding academic achievements and other qualities, she _stood a chance_of being admitted to one of the world's best universities.2.His recent mismanagement of the company has _ruled out_ the possibility of gettingpromoted to the top management.3.He pointed out something _worthy of_ our attention in his report, that is, the so-callededucational toys and games in our elementary schools are not really educational in the real sense of the word.4.It's good to see Tom looking so happy now after all the sufferings he has _gone through_ inthe last few years.5.When he competed at Stockholm Olympics, Jim Thorpe was not an amateur player _in thestrict sense_ because he had been paid a few dollars to play semiprofessionals before.6._At a guess_, I'd say that there were at least 1400 people on board when the ship sank in theRed Sea.7.The traditional practice that the father _earns a living_ for the family and the mother stays athome is out of date as more and more women have joined the workforce.8.Even if her suggestion does not _coincide with_ what you have in mind, I would advise you toaccept it.9.The tennis player had _gone in for_ all the major tennis events before she defeated heropponents and won the championship.10.They appreciate each other because they are both the sort of people who just can't let go oncethey have _got their teeth into_ something.U61.It used to be rare to see people sleeping on the streets of London, but these days it's becomingincreasingly _commonplace_.2.Those psychologists believe that one's childhood experiences will have a(n) _enduring_influence on his or her future work and personality.3.As the music started, the lights in the theatre began to _dim_.4.As a fresh graduate, Jim seems to have the ambition to _command_ everything in the world.5.Her colleagues were afraid to work with her, because she won't tolerate any _imperfection_ inher own or anyone else's work.6.The girl remains in serious but stable condition in the _intensive_ care unit in the hospital.7.At the last ring of the bell, all the people at the party joined in with _abandon_ , shoutingjoyfully and merrily, to welcome the arrival of the New Year.8.We should devote our _finite_ life to the infinite cause of serving the people.9.I never thought he was capable of doing such a(n) _mean_ thing to his brother –that wastotally disgusting!10.It seems to me that this novelist delights in _weaving_ elaborate and complicated plots in hisworks.11.Our car broke down, so we had to rent a car, which was a(n) _additional_ financial burden onmy family.12.Jim had high _aspirations_ to open a law firm even before he graduated from the law school.13.She felt a deep sense of _gratitude_ to the teacher who had financed her through collegeeducation.14.His friends deserted him since they were fed up with his _endless_ complaining about hisfamily, colleagues, work, and everything.15.He has remained _faithful_ to the President's administration when so many others havespoken out against it.16.The president of the university promised that once he had _committed_ to this course ofaction, he would try his best to have it fulfilled.1.He was so badly injured in the accident that the doctors don't expect him to _live on_.2.Jack was about to pay for the shopping when it suddenly _dawned upon_ him that he’d leftthe cheque book at home.3.No matter what hardships I may encounter in my life, I will always try to _live by_ what Ibelieve in.4.In his poems everyday reality _is invested with_ a sense of wonder and delight.5.The elderly generally prefer to _hold fast to_ their traditional life style rather than adaptthemselves to changes.6._All too_ often it's the parents who get blamed for their children's inappropriate behavior.7.He was forced to _step aside_ from his post due to his delayed response to the disaster.8.After winning the national championship, he _set out_ to break the world record for the1500-meter race..9.You can look for work at home by logging on to our website, so that you can avoid the troubleto travel _to and fro_.10.If you want to achieve certain goals in your trade, you have to _work at_ it with all your heartand soul.U71.I don't think it necessary to _furnish_ our apartment a second time since we will sell it soon.2.He made a firm _resolve_ to give up smoking and drinking as soon as he discovered that hehad a heart trouble.3.To reduce the risks of railway accidents, we spend over ten million yuan on _maintaining_ therailway lines every year.4.My parents lived a frugal lifestyle all their lives. For one thing, they never _discarded_anything that was still of use; for another, they never purchased things on impulse.5.The government has refused to _sanction_ a further cut in the rate of corporate tax.6.As Linda is a career woman and her husband works abroad, they cannot _raise_ their newbornson all by themselves and have to employ a babysitter on a fixed term of five years.7.My apartment was badly furnished because the workers did not _strip_ the original paint offthe walls before they started painting.8.When we learned that the local college had only the _bare_ essentials in terms of equipment,we decided to donate a million yuan so that they could improve their teaching facilities.9.The Jones purchased a second-hand car for $1200; it was a real _bargain_, but I wonder howlong it will last.10.It is always good to read some English novels in your spare time. If you cannot understand theoriginal, you may read the _simplified_ versions which are also available in the local bookstore.11.Sam said to the girl, "I will _trade_ you some of my chocolate for some of your ice cream."12.Since you've decided to simplify your life and have moved into a smaller house, you are goingto have to make an effort to _downsize_ your furniture and belongings.13.Representatives from the two nations had worked together on _numerous_ occasions beforethe peace treaty was signed to end the border conflicts.14.When the factory closed, the machinery was sold off for only a _fraction_ of its true value.15.At the press conference the new president made it _plain_ that he would do his utmost tobuild "a government of the people, by the people, for the people" as advocated by Lincoln. 16.Diets that are high in saturated fat tend to block our arteries (动脉), _thereby_ reducing theblood flow to our hearts and brains.17.The children are busy _rolling_, folding, and cutting paper in a handcrafting competition.1.My sister is very economical and saving money seems to come naturally to her; she always_keeps track of_ all the money she spends.2.My parents failed to show up at the commencement (毕业典礼); _It turned out that_ theirflight was delayed for 8 hours.3.Eric was a very shy boy, so much so that he even refused to _strip down to_ his underwear forhis medical examination.4.John began to _take an interest in_ politics when he was at secondary school; no wonder hebecame a Congressman at the age of 35.5.They are going to let us use their laboratory, and _in return_ we must let them share theresults of the research.6.His action _is all of a piece_ with what he has been saying he will do for the past few months;he is a man of his word.7.I thought my mother-in-law had come just for a visit, but it turned out that she would staywith us _for good_.8.The winner was asked to _write out_ numerous forms before he could get the award.9.The young couple often _eat out_ , for neither of them is interested in home cooking.10.After so many twists and turns in his life, he learned never to _look back_ with regret.11.The doctor advised that he _cut out_ smoking or give it up completely for the sake of hishealth.。
新世纪大学英语系列教材综合教程4英语课后题答案（含原句）及整句翻译短语填空
新世纪大学英语系列教材综合教程4英语课后题答案（含原句）及整句翻译短语填空Unit.1Shortly after the government’s new policy was put into effect , the economy of our co untry began to show signs of recovery. 后不久，政府的新政策付诸实施，我国经济开始出现复苏迹象。
2. The citizens have called upon the local authorities to minimize environmental destr uction by banning the use of all poisonous chemicals immediately. 市民呼吁地方当局立即禁止所有有毒化学物质的使用，以尽量减少对环境的破坏3. It’s known to all that military bas es are off limits to outsiders. 它是已知的限制外人的所有军事基地。
4. She never participated in any violent sports games in fear of getting injured. 她从来不参加任何剧烈运动游戏中得到受伤的恐惧。
5. It seems that all of us are rushing around trying to get things done in a hurry—we all need to slow down and take it easy. 看来，我们所有人都在四处奔波，试图把事情做在赶时间，我们都需要慢下来，很容易。
6. Many trees in this area have been cut down to make room for buildings ,which has worsened our living environment. 在这一领域的许多树木被砍伐，使建筑物的房间，我们的生活环境恶化。
新世纪大学英语综合教程4(第二版)-习题答案1-4单元
Unit ONEEnhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action▆Working with Words and Expressions1.In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete thefollowing sentences with the words given. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1> spark2> compelled3> bare4> scrape5> destruction6> output7> retreat8> tipped9> miracle10> eternal11> pile12> transfer13> mass14> thereby15> have emerged16> trigger17> threaten18> consumed19> hollow2.In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete thesentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1> show signs of2> cope with3> lives in fear of4> tough it out5> cut down6> from head to foot7> searched out8> nothing short of9> As yet10> settle in11> take heart▆Increasing Your Word Power1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are different in usage.Reflect on the differences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each blank with a proper one. Change the form if necessary.▆ Answers:1> temptation2> attraction3> chance4> opportunity5> states6> country7> warned8> threatened / threatens9> refuse10> reject11> total12> gross2. A blend is a word produced by combining parts of other words, such as "comsat〞from"communications〞and "satellite〞. Try to find out what words the following blends are formed from. You may consult a dictionary if necessary.▆Answers:3.Fill in the blanks in Column B with an adjective in Text A. The target adjective must beopposite in meaning to the one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with the noun in Column C.▆ Answers:1> individual2> contradictory3> destructive4> rational5> primitive6> synthetic7> distant8> pessimistic9> irreplaceable10> enormousGrammar in Context1.Study the following sentences from Text B and point out the grammatical function of eachof the present participles used as an adverbial.▆ Answers:1> an adverbial of accompanying circumstances2>an adverbial of accompanying circumstances3>an adverbial of result4> an adverbial of result5> an adverbial of manner; accompanying circumstances6> an adverbial of result7> an adverbial of time2 plete the following sentencesby translating the Chinese in the brackets into English, usinga present participle as an adverbial.▆ Answers:1> killing thousands upon thousands of people2> raising the average yield by 15 percent3> trying to deduce its operating principle4> Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book5> Not having heard from his parents for a long time6> leaving the project unfinished7> Turning to the right8> Not wanting to make the patient nervousCloze▆Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆ Answers:<1> realm<2> elemental<3> obtain<4>stubbornly<5> transferred<6> transformed<7> subdued<8> expansion<9> irreplaceable<10> extinct<11> dynamic<12>verge<13> moderate<14> ecological<15> rationalTranslation1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.▆ Answers for Reference:1> The village is so close to the border that the villagers lived in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.2> In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.3> Seeing the project successfully completed, those who had invested so much time and energy in it felt very proud.4> Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.5> There are so many vehicles nowadays that the roads in this area are barely adequate to cope with the present traffic.6> The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.7> Alice had been confined to bed for over 10 years after the traffic accident, and so her recovery seemed nothing short of a miracle.8> The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV.9> Thomas said that his family had settled in Florida more than half a century ago.10> Ask for help. Don’t tough it out yourself. I learned this lesson early in my life.2.Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows.Human beings are connected with nature by "blood〞ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breakingdown. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed.Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.Theme-Related Writing▆ Write an essay of no less than 150 words on the topic "My Understanding of Environmental Protection〞. Your writing should cover the following points:1> the relationship between man and the environment2> the urgency of environmental protection3> ways to protect the environment▆Sample essayMy Understanding of Environmental ProtectionMan and the environment are closely related. Man relies on the environment for water, food and shelter. A harmonious relationship between man and the environment is essential for human survival on the earth.However, man and the environment have never been on such bad terms as they are now. As society develops, man’s transformation of nature has severely polluted his living environment. Deforestation leads to changes in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms. The discharge of chemical pollutants endangers our health and the lives of other beings. And mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources such as coal and oil. If we take no immediate and effective steps to protect our environment, human beings may be the next species to become extinct.We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees,taking care of wildlife, reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy, and imposing heavy fines on environmentally-unfriendly activities, so as to preserve the environment for future generations.<167 words>Unit TwoMan and TechnologyEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▆Working with Words and Expressions3.In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete thefollowing sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1)productivity2)phenomenon3)isolation4)gradual5)opponent6)advent7)genetic8)universal9)extreme10)nasty11)boom12)formal13)survey14)Similarly15)modify16)rough4.In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do youunderstand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1)at the same time2)are stuck with3)for certain4)make no difference5)on average6)when it comes to7)are better off8)builtinto9)come to mind10)close to11)infavor of▆Increasing Your Word Power1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are differentin usage.Reflect on the differences in usage between the words in each groupand fill in each blank with a proper one. Change the form if necessary.▆Answers:1)exterior2)external3)delightful4)pleasant5)separate6)isolate7)company8)companion9)acquire10)learn11)ripe12)mature2.Fill in each blank with one of the words listed below in the appropriate form,payingspecial attention to the meaning and spelling.▆Answers:1)accept2)oppression3)loss4)excerpts5)depression6)loose7)except8)expectations9)lose10)suppress3.Words that come from the same root may be said to belong to the same family.Gettingacquainted with each member of the family is a sure way to increaseyour word power.Now complete the following table with words of the samefamily. You may consult a dictionary if necessary.▆Answers:1)technology2)eternity3)miracle4)relevance5)analysis6)luxurious7)leisurely / leisured8)subjective9)prosperous10)innovativeGRAMMAR IN CONTEXTTask 1: Complete the following sentences with appropriate connectives listed in thefollowing table.▆ Answers:1)Whatever2)Although / Though3)whereas4)However5)though / although6)Granted / Granting that7)as8)WhileTask 2: Translate the following sentences into English.▆ Answers for reference:1)Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.2)You will have to attend the commencement whether you are free or busy.3)She leaves her bedroom windows open, however cold it is.4)We will make a trip even if / though the weather is bad.5)No matter who / Whoever you are, you must abide by the law.6)Difficult as the job was, they decided to accept it.7)No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.8)She seems to have a ready answer, whenever / no matter when I ask her a question. ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆ Answers:1)emphasize2)opposite3)improved4)luxuries5)benefited6)obviously7)consciously8)fractures9)eternal10)groundbreaking11)entitled12)correlation13)depends14)exclusivelyTranslation1.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given inbrackets.▆ Answers for reference:1)He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, heseems to be quiteignorant.2)The latest survey shows /showed that the majority of the citizens support /supported thegovernment’s plan to build a new library.3)The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific andtechnologicalcooperation because several factors favorable to theircooperation had been at work.4)I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won’t cometo mind for themoment.5)He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours everyday on average.6)Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whether he canbe a good lawyeror not.7)The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and isconvenient to use.8)These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is thattheir job is moredangerous.9)Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studiesphilosophy as hersecond major.10)What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems byyourselves. Itmakes no difference whether I go there or not.2.Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Nowadays, many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by materialand technological advances unimaginable in previous eras. With the developmentof science and technology, people’s standard of living is getting higher and higher.People’s life expectancy has soared, too.However, oddly enough, many people do not feel happier than they used tobe. It can be seen that there is no close correlation between people’s income andtheir happiness. Happiness cannot, after all, be bought with money.Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives, theyare happy to be alive, and the more time they live on earth, the better off they feelthey’ll be. What is important is that material wealth is far from enough. Peopleneed spiritual happiness, too.Theme-Related WritingWrite an essay of no less than 150 words about a technological invention. Your writing should cover thefollowing points:1> a brief description of the invention2> the positive impact of the invention on people’s life3> the negative impact of the invention on people’s life4> your opinion▇Sample essay:The Impact of the Mobile Phone on People’s LivesAmong the many technological inventions, themobile phone impresses me most.The mobile phone brings considerable convenienceto our lives. It not only enables us to keepin touch with each other almost anytime and anywherebut also helps us solve problems or do businessefficiently. In emergencies, a mobile phone caneven be a life-saver. Besides, its multi-functions addease and color to our lives. With a mobile phone,we can receive mail, read news, listen to music,play games, and take pictures.Yet, the mobile phone has its disadvantages,too. Most of us have experienced the nuisance ofunwanted or wrong calls. We are inconveniencedby calls on occasions when we least expect one. Besides,the technology infrastructure to support mobilecommunication has consumed valuable naturalresources and caused significant environmentalproblems. It is reported that electromagnetic radiationwaves from the phone may result in healthproblems.Despite its negative side, the advantages ofthe mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages. I believethat with advances in science and technology,improved and safer models of mobile phones willsurely serve us still better.<184 words>Unit ThreeFame and SuccessEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in ActionWorking with Words and Expressions1. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1)fortune2> dull3> chased4> launched5> accompanied6)intrinsic7> ranks8> publicity9> sufficiently10> image11)target12> transform13> temporarily14> cover15> bored16> audiences17> regard18> acknowledged19> predict2.In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1)thrown out2> and so on3> for dear life4> settheirsightson5> was tired of6)turn away7> hang on8> inhispresence9> live with10> nothingbut11)forgood12> set out13> Whatif14> tireof▆Increasing Your Word Power1. Study the following usage notes about the verbs in the box..Now complete each of the following sentences with the most appropriate word from the above box.▆Answers:1)grasped2> was snatched3> Clasping4> Catch5> seized6)gripped7> grabbed8> clutch2. The following table shows some typical verb + noun collocations, as indicated by the symbol √. Examine the table carefully and then fill in each blank in the following sentences with a suitableverb from the table.▆Answers:1)reached / secured2> achieved/ attained 3> attained / reached4)reach / secure 5> achieved / realized/ fulfilled 6> fulfill / meet / satisfy3. Fill in the blanks in Column B with an adjective in Text A. The target adjective must be opposite in meaning to the one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with the noun in Column C.▆Answers:1)dull 2> competitive 3> same 4> momentary 5> specific 6> sufficient 7> cruel 8> humble9> famous 10> reasonableGrammar in context1. Study the following sentences and point out the grammatical function of each of the infinitive phrases.▆Answers:1> <real> subject2> object complement3> object4> adverbial of purpose5> adverbial of purpose6> object to the verb "make〞7> adverbial of result8> subject, predicate9> attributive modifying "ways〞10> predicate2 plete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English.▆Answers:1> To become a famous writer2> to take traveler’s checks3> to employ a young engineer4> take the machine apart5> To understand the situation completely6> to rise higher in position7> to find that the train had left 10 minutes before8> to apply for a known job opening9> to make trouble10> To be more exactClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆Answers:1> chase 2> reputation 3> dedicate / devote 4> reward 5> sufficiently 6> measured7> assure 8> Momentary 9> celebrity 10> target 11> frank 12> liberty13> illusory 14> regardTranslation1.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.▆ Answers for reference:1)He attempted to save the enterprise which was on the verge of collapse but failed.2)The president has announced that he will not seek re-election at the end of his first term.3)The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.4)She loves giving parties and does so whenever she can find an excuse.5)I’m afraid that you’ll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post inthis company.6)One of the main reasons why theyhave messed up their lives is that they did not have a goodschool education when young.7)Mary is already famous, but she is not happy at all because she’s been obsessed withthoughts of becoming even more famous.8)With the development of science and technology, people now can have easy access toeducational, medical and many other kinds of information.9)The company’s investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of thegeneral manager and so the board of directors decided to throw him out.10)I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak in half anhour.2.Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Many people want to be famous because fame can bring them both honor and respect from the public. In most cases, fame can also help them gain wealth. But, after all, very few people can really become famous while most people, including most artists, are unlikely to become famous.It is true that some failure for some people at certain times in their lives does motivate them to strive even harder so as to achieve final success. For example, Thomas Edison, the famous American inventor, had tried hundreds of materials before he finally found the suitable fuse for the electric bulb. However, unfortunately, for most people failure is the end of their struggle.Therefore, in my opinion, success is one thing and fame is another. As long as you have tried your best, you’re already successful whether you are famous or not.Theme-Related WritingWrite a composition of no less than 150 words on the topic "Fame —Good or Evil?〞. Your paper should cover the following points:1> the advantages of being famous2> the disadvantages of being famous3> your attitude towards fameSample essay:Fame — Good or Evil?Fame has always been pursued by many people for the advantages it brings about. Fame canassure one of a high social status, high regard, great admiration, etc. Fame can also bring one wealth as a celebrity has more chances to earn big money. Besides, the applause and flowers from fans may boost one’s self-confidence and increase one’s sense of fulfillment.However, fame can ruin one’s life, too. Itdeprives one of his privacy. As a public figure, he is often chased by fansand journalists, and his private life never escapes the media’s attention or public curiosity. Fame also places one under great pressure. He has to work in line with public expectations and thus becomes the slave of his own success.So fame is a double-edged sword. I don’t seek fame and I don’t envy those who are famous.I highly appreciate what the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow says about fame: "The talent of success is nothing more than doing well whatever you do without a thought of fame.〞Unit FOUREnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▇Working with Words and Expressions1 In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.■Answers:1> mass2> gambled3> voluntary4> hunted5> classified6> abolished7> division8> senseless9> fashions10> coordination11> declarations12> committed13> necessity14> moderately15> slightest16> considerable17> evaluate18> derived2In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.■Answers:1> stands/stood a chance2> ruled out3> consist /consists of4> gone through5> in the strict sense6> At a guess7> earns a living8> coincide with9> gone in for10> got their teeth into▆ Increasing Your Word Power1 Word BuildingDid you notice the suffix -ary and -ory in words such as "voluntary〞and "satisfactory〞in Texts A and B? The suffix -ary or -ory can be added to a noun to form an adjective. Now add the suffixes of -ary or -ory to the nouns in the following table to form adjectives, then translate them into Chinese.▆ Answers:2> congratulatory3> Migratory4> documentary5> legendary6> introductory7> contradictory8> explanatory2 Study the following usage notes and then complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate word from the box.▆ Answers for reference:1> vocation2> posts3> trade4> job5> work6> profession7> career8> position3 Underline the mistakes in the following sentences, paying special attention to the use of prepositions. Write down your corrections in the space provided. If there is no mistake, write "No Mistake〞.▇Answers:1> < of > Natural disasters are inevitable and they are independent onman’swill.2> < against > This incident can by no means justify their discrimination fort heblack people.3> < for > My son has little aptitude of sport but he excels in music.4> < with > The deceased musician was buried in his home village inaccordance to his wishes.5> < over > The mayor <市长> presided on the ceremony to lay thefoundation stone of the new museum.6> < of > Truth be told, I am envious about his fame and success though Ialways pretend otherwise.7> < in > The old man’s will was signed at the presence of twowitnesses—his younger sister and one of his favourite students.8> < No Mistake > When Britain declared war on Germany, Jack’s grandpa joinedthe army and his grandma was frightened for his safety all thetime.9> < of > The marketing strategy that I designed proved successful andmy boss was very appreciative for my efforts.10> <No Mistake > The new theatre is very spacious, but unfortunately, it isdifficult of access for wheel-chair users.11> < for > Edward Snowden was on a plane bound to Moscow when hegot to know that his passport had been revoked <吊销> by theUS government.12> < of > Professor Peterson is very contemptuous for the so-called"popular〞writers, whom he describes as talentless andworthless.Grammar in Context1Turn the following complex sentences into simple sentences.▇Answers for reference:1> I don’t remember having borrowed/borrowing anything from you.2> She’ll stay here for a couple of weeks before going on to New York.3> The prospect of Professor Smith’s coming to see us cheered us all.4> Jim, a man of strong character, naturally didn’t give in.5> Arriving at the school gate, he found his classmates had already assembled.2Replace the that-clause in each of the sentences with a prepositional phrase.▇Answers for reference:1> He was afraid of falling behind the others.2> We were all amused at Henry’s running after the dog in his slippers.3> Have they informed you of the change in the plan?4> We’re grateful to you for having given us so much help.5> We assured them of our willingness to cooperate with them.ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▇Answers:<1> enjoy<2> physical<3> compelled<4> necessity<5> support<6> mental<7> idealize<8> status<9> values<10> classified<11> essential<12> mind<13> attitude<14> fortunateTranslation1 Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or expressions given in brackets.▇ Answers for reference:1> As more and more details of her private life were disclosed by the media, shewas compelled to resign her post as general manager <or: resign as general manager/ resign from the post of general manager> of the company.2> She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.3> I bought this shirt because the pricet was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan.4> To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships.5> The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady’s death.6> The municipality <municipal government> promised to take effective steps assoon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.7> I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because ofmy injured leg.8〕If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.9> Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend thatyou borrow it from the library and read it.10> At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of themen’s 110-meter hurdle and broke the world record, which had been previously held by an American athlete.2 Translate the following passage into English.▇Answers for reference:Some people think that they’ve fulfilled their tasks as long as they go on duty and come off duty on time. They never think about what is meant by "work〞and why they should work at all. In fact, "work〞involves such qualities as wisdom, enthusiasm, imagination and creativity.To do his work well, a worker must have a spirit of dedication, and be capable of bearing hardships and standing hard work. In addition, he should have initiative and creativity. Having initiative means the worker should be ready to grasp every opportunity to display his outstanding ability.。
新世纪大学英语综合教程4_习题答案
1)dull 2) competitive 3) same 4) momentary 5) specific 6) sufficient 7) cruel8) humble
9) famous 10) reasonable
Grammar in context
1.Study the following sentences and point out the grammatical function of each of the infinitive phrases.
2) the disadvantages of beiபைடு நூலகம்g famous
3) your attitude towards fame
It is true that some failure for some people at certain times in their lives does motivate them to strive even harder so as to achieve final success.For example, Thomas Edison, the famous American inventor, had tried hundreds of materials before he finally found the suitable fuse for the electric bulb.However, unfortunately, for most people failure is the end of their struggle.
▆Increasing Your Word Power
1.Study the following usage notes about the verbs in the box..
新世纪大学英语系列教材综合教程三4(New century college English Series coursebook three, 4)
新世纪大学英语系列教材综合教程三4（New century college English Series coursebook three, 4）New century integrated unit test -- Unit 4, Book 4Listening ComprehensionPlease fill in the Script as required:True or FalseDirections: There are ten statements in this section. Numbers are based on 1 to 6 Text A while the rest are based on Text B. Listen carefully and decide whether each of the following is true or false. (10 points)OneTrue FalsePlease fill in the Script as required:A, job, can, be, as, labor, a, person, has, no, interest, in, and, is, compelled, to, it, take, it, by, the, necessity,, of, earning,, a, living, if, and, classified, supporting, his, family.TwoTrue FalsePlease fill in the Script as required:Play, is, an, activity, one, enjoys, doing, as, a, pastime., Whether, one, plays, or, not, is,, a, matter, that, of, concern, society., toThreeTrue FalsePlease fill in the Script as required:In, the, author's, eye, the, majority, of, people, in, the, modern, technological, society,, are, labourers, workers., rather, thanFourTrue FalsePlease fill in the Script as required:The, development, of, technology, and, division, of, labor, have, turned, a, large, amount, the, of, enjoyable,, work, into, labor., boringFiveTrue FalsePlease fill in the Script as required:We, are, very, happy, imagine, a, in, future, where, the, majority, of, workforce, have, as, much, the, time, for, play, as, the,, upper, classes,, used, to, world, have, to, in, the, past.SixTrue FalsePlease fill in the Script as required:Workers, seldom, commit, acts, of, because, the, aggression, inside, if, any, themselves, would, naturally, turn, into, the, motivation, and,, determination, to, violence, do, well., their, jobsSevenTrue FalsePlease fill in the Script as required:The, profession, we, select, reflects, kind, of, the, qualities, we, want,, to, show, in, public.EightTrue FalsePlease fill in the Script as required:The, higher, the, educational, background, required, for, an, occupation, the, lower, is, its, status, is.NineTrue FalsePlease fill in the Script as required:Studies, show, that, having, the, required, by, the, job, ability, guarantees, good, work,, performance, and, career, satisfaction.TenTrue FalsePlease fill in the Script as required:If, you, are, interested, your, work, you, are, more, likely, to, career, success, and, job, satisfaction, and, obtain, less, likely,, to, give, in, it, up.Please fill in the Script as required:Compound DictationDirections: You will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the secondtime, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 11-20 with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. (10 points)雇佣是双方之间的一种契约，一种是雇主，另一种是雇员。
新世纪大学英语（第二版）综合教程第4册4
新世纪⼤学英语（第⼆版）综合教程第4册4Electronic Teaching PortfolioBook FourUnit Four: Work and CareerPart I Get StartedSection A Discussion▇Work in pairs or groups and discuss the following questions.1. What do you think work can provide?2. What factors do you think one should take into account when choosing a career?3. What kind of job do you think will be suitable for you?▇ Answers for reference:1. Work can provide us with the necessities of life, such as food, clothing and shelter. Work can also provide us with spiritual satisfaction, such as happiness and a sense of achievement.2. There are several factors we should take into account when choosing a career such as interest, ability, personality, pay, and so on. Interest is where our passion for work comes from. Ability guarantees that we are qualified for the job. Personality determines whether we are suitable for the job or not. And a good pay helps us to live a decent life.3. Most students would probably say that they would choose an occupation which is related to what they are learning at college now and which would provide them with ample opportunities to develop their potential and prove their worth. Section B Quotes▇Study the following quotes about work and career and discuss in pairs what you can learn from them.Margaret Bourke-White⊙Work is something you can count on, a trusted, lifelong friend who never deserts you.— Margaret Bourke-WhiteInterpretation:By this quote Bourke-White expresses her passion for her career. She compares her work to her lifelong trustworthy friend, which shows that she enjoys working and is fully dedicated to it. About Margaret Bourke-White (1904-1971): the first American female war correspondent and the first to be allowed to work in combat zones during World War II. She made history with the publication of her photos of the Depression in the book You Have Seen Their Faces (1937).Warren Beatty⊙You’ve achieved success in your field when you don’t know whether what you’re doing is work or play.— Warren BeattyInterpretation:If you want to be successful in your career, you must love what you are doing passionately, devote yourself to it whole-heartedly, and treat it as if it were the only source of enjoyment and amusement in life. Then—and only then can you feel a sense of fulfillment.About Warren Beatty (1937- ): a well-known American film actor, producer, screenwriter and director. One of the most fascinating characters in Hollywood history, Warren Beatty has received some 30 wins and nominations, including the Oscar Academy Award for Best Director (Reds, 1881).Thomas Edison⊙Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.— Thomas EdisonInterpretation:Most of the world’s geniuses worked very hard and failed thousands of times before they finally became successful in their inventions. By this quote, Edison advocates the virtue of hard work. About Thomas Edison(1847-1931): an American inventor. Edison profoundly influenced modern life through his inventions such as the light bulb, the phonograph, and the motion picture camera. During his lifetime, he acquired 1,093 patents, and marketed many of his inventions to the public.Theodore Roosevelt⊙Far and away the best prize that life has to offer is the chance to work hard at work worth doing.—Theodore RooseveltInterpretation:By this quote, Roosevelt means that the best reward one can get in life is the chance to work at something worthwhile. One should feel blessed to have the chance to work and should treasure it as one’s best possession.About Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919): the 26th president of the United States. He was one of the strongest and most vigorous presidents in United States history. His domestic social and economic reforms were the first federal attempts to deal with the problems created by a modern industrial society. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906.Section C Watching and Discussion▇ Watch the following video clip “How to Choose the Right Career” and do the tasks that follow:1.Please decide whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F) based on theinformation in the video clip.( T ) To choose the right career, you should firstly figure out your passions and interests.( T ) You can increase your knowledge and develop new skills in order to have more career choices.( T ) Making a list of your personal preferences and needs is helpful in choosing the right career.( F ) You should take some qualification tests to get ready for your chosen career.( F ) Before choosing a career, you should research the job market to see if you have the required skills.( F ) The video is to persuade people to believe in themselves and aim high.2.Do you think the speaker’s suggestions helpful? Do you have more suggestions?Answers for reference:Open.Script：How to Choose the Right CareerWith some effort, perseverance, and guidance, you’ll be able to choose the right career for you. Y ou will need: reflection, research and a belief in yourself.STEP 1 (Figure out your interests): List your passions and interests. Do you like working with your hands or sitting at a desk? Working with numbers or managing money? Teaching or helping people? Selling or creating things?STEP 2 (Identify strengths, skills, and talents): Identify your strengths, skills, and talents – things that come easily that you enjoy doing. Don’t let lack of skills limit your choices. You can always increase your knowledge and develop new skills.STEP 3 (Make a list)：List your personal preferences and needs. What is the lowest income that you will accept? Are you willing to commute or relocate? Can you go back to school for additional training?STEP 4 (Take career and self-assessment tests)：Get professional advice by taking career assessment tests and tests that evaluate your personality and temperament. Some career assessment tests are free; others are available from a career counselor.STEP 5 (Research the job market)：Research the job market to learn about careers that match your interests and personality. Check the U.S. Department of Labor’s Occupational Outlook Handbook and Career Guide to Industries, found online or at the library.STEP 6 (Get ready)：Prepare to begin a new chapter in your life as you pursue a career that will make you happy and bring you satisfaction. Aim high!Did you know Vincent Van Gogh was a schoolmaster, a student priest missionary, and an art dealer before he became a painter?Part II Listen and RespondSection B Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas▇Choose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the information contained in the listening passage.1. What is the main idea of the passage?A) One should control his or her feelings.B) It is important to express one’s thoughts and feelings.C) Attitude is the key to job success.D) Different attitudes bring about different results2. How does the speaker define attitude?A) Attitude is the way people think about their work.B) Attitude is the way people think about things and act toward others.C) Attitude is the way by which people gain their job satisfaction.D) Attitude is the way by which people enjoy their business performance.3. What do employers think is the most important factor in job success?A) A friendly cooperation.B) A good opportunity.C) A positive attitude.D) A good decision.4. Which of the following is not mentioned as a positive attitude in one’s job?A) Being polite, cooperative and considerate with one’s co-workersB) Showing interest and enthusiasm in doing one’s job.C) Viewing a new job as an opportunity to learn new things.D) Being open to suggestions and constructive criticism.5. What do people do if they hold a negative attitude in their job?A) They tend to lay their own problems on others.B) They tend to criticize their superiors.C) They tend to be indifferent to their superiors.D) They tend to address the needs of others.▇ Key:1. D2. B3. C4. B5. ASection C Task Two: Zooming In on the Details▇Listen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.If you view a new job as an opportunity, a chance to learn new things, and act with interest and enthusiasm, you are expressing a positive attitude. You also demonstrate a positive attitude when you are polite, cooperative and considerate with your co-workers and superiors. People with a positive attitude view the world as a friendly place. They take responsibility for their decisions and have the ability to control their feelings. People with a positive attitude are easy to get along with. They are honest in expressing their thoughts and feelings. And they are open to suggestions and constructive criticism.As you begin your new job, guard against a negative attitude. People with a negative attitude frequently complain and have careless work habits. They always blame others for their own problems. Besides, they are critical and indifferent to the needs of others.Script:Attitude Makes a DifferenceAttitudes affect the way people get along at home, at school, and at work. Your attitude will influence your feelings of job satisfaction and your career success. Attitude is the way you think about things and act toward others.In fact, many employers believe that the most important factor in job success is a positive attitude. They know that an employee’s work performance is closely related to his or her attitude. Employees with a positive attitude enjoy better business performance.If you view a new job as an opportunity, a chance to learn new things, and act with interest and enthusiasm, you are expressing a positive attitude. You also demonstrate a positive attitude when you are polite, cooperative and considerate with your co-workers and superiors. People with a positive attitude view the world as a friendly place. They take responsibility for their decisions and have the ability to control their feelings. People with a positive attitude are easy to get along with. They are honest in expressing their thoughts and feelings. And they are open to suggestions and constructive criticism.As you begin your new job, guard against a negative attitude. People with a negative attitude frequently complain and have careless work habits. They always blame others for their own problems. Besides, they are critical and indifferent to the needs of others.Part III Read and ExploreText ASection A Discovering the Main IdeasExercise 1: Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1. How does the author define a laborer and a worker?2. What is the difference between the attitudes of workers and laborers towards leisure according to the author?3. What are the results technology and the division of labor have brought about according to the author?4. Why do workers seldom commit acts of violence according to the author?5. What is the author’s attitude towards workers and laborers?▇ Answers for reference:1. According to the author, a man is a laborer if he is not interested in what he does but iscompelled to take it by the necessity of earning a living and supporting his family. A man is a worker if he is truly interested in the job he does; what from the point of view of society is necessary labor is from his own point of view voluntary play.2. According to the author, to a worker, leisure means simply the hours he needs to relax and restin order to work efficiently. He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much.To a laborer, on the other hand, leisure means freedom from compulsion, so that it is natural for him to imagine that the fewer hours he has to spend laboring, and the more hours he is free to play, the better.3. According to the author, technology and the division of labor have done two things. Firstly,they have made a very large number of paid occupations which formerly were enjoyable work into boring labor. Secondly, they have reduced the number of necessary laboring hours.4. According to the author, workers seldom commit acts of violence because they can put theiraggression into their work, be it physical like the work of a smith, or mental like the work of a scientist or an artist. In other words, being so engaged in their job, workers probably do not bother to commit acts of violence after work.5) The author tends to take a positive attitude towards workers and a negative attitude towardslaborers. According to the author, whether one is a worker or a laborer depends not on the job itself but on whether he enjoys what he is doing or not. The author believes that workers are happier because they are not compelled to do what they do not enjoy. Workers need leisure time only to relax in order to work more efficiently, while laborers want as much leisure time as possible so that they could play.Exercise 2: Text A can be divided into three parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.Section B In-depth StudyWe go to work every day and we think we are workers. However, after reading Auden’s discussion about work, labor, and play, the majority of us may find that we are no longer “workers”. What are we then?Work, Labor, and PlayWystan H. Auden1 So far as I know, Miss Hannah Arendt was the first person to define the essential difference between work and labor. To be happy, a man must feel, firstly, free and, secondly, important. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance. In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished, whether what a man does has social value depends on whether he is paid money to do it, but a laborer today can rightly be called a wage slave. A man is a laborer if the job society offers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity of earning a living and supporting his family.2 The opposite to labor is play. When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, otherwise we should not play it, but it isa purely private activity; society could not care less whether we play it or not.3 Between labor and play stands work. A man is a worker if he is personally interested in the job which society pays him to do; what from the point of view of society is necessary labor is from his own point of view voluntary play. Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it. The difference does not, for example, coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job;a gardener or a cobbler may be a worker, a bank clerk a laborer. Which a man is can be seen from his attitude toward leisure. To a worker, leisure means simply the hours he needs to relax and rest in order to work efficiently. He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much; workers die of heart attacks and forget their wives’ birthdays. To the laborer, on the other hand, leisure means freedom from compulsion, so that it is natural for him to imagine that the fewer hours he has to spend laboring, and the more hours he is free to play, the better.4 What percentage of the population in a modern technological society are, like myself, in the fortunate position of being workers? At a guess I would say sixteen per cent, and I do not think that figure is likely to get bigger in the future.5 Technology and the division of labor have done two things: by eliminating in many fields the need for special strength or skill, they have made a very large number of paid occupations which formerly were enjoyable work into boring labor, and by increasing productivity they have reduced the number of necessary laboring hours. It is already possible to imagine a society in which the majority of the population, that is to say, its laborers, will have almost as much leisure as in earlier times was enjoyed by the aristocracy. When one recalls how aristocracies in the past actually behaved, the prospect is not cheerful. Indeed, the problem of dealing with boredom may be even more difficult for such a future mass society than it was for aristocracies. The latter, for example, ritualized their time; there was a season to shoot grouse, a season to spend in town, etc. The masses are more likely to replace an unchanging ritual by fashion which changes as often as possible in the economic interest of certain people. Again, the masses cannot go in for hunting, for very soon there would be no animals left to hunt. For other aristocratic amusements like gambling, dueling, and warfare, it may be only too easy to find equivalents in dangerous driving, drug-taking, and senseless acts of violence. Workers seldom commit acts of violence, because they can put their aggression into their work, be it physical like the work of a smith, or mental like the work of a scientist or an artist. The role of aggression in mental work is aptly expressed by the phrase ―getting one’s teeth into a problem‖.▇课⽂参考译⽂⼯作、劳动和玩耍威斯坦·H·奥登1 就我所知，汉娜?阿伦特⼩姐是界定⼯作和劳动之间本质区别的第⼀⼈。
新世纪大学英语综合教程4课后答案整理
新世纪大学英语综合教程4课后答案整理Unit 1 Man and NatureEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action (pp19-23)Working with Words and Expressions1. 1) disaster 2) compelled 3) historical 4) disciplined 5) destruction 6) output 7) retreat 8) abandoned 9) trace 10) eternal 11) investment 12) transfer 13) justify 14) nonetheless 15) contributions 16) accelerate 17) threaten2.1) show signs of 2) called upon 3) off limits 4) in fear of 5) slow down 6) cut down 7) from head to foot 8) come by 9) lost out 10) As yet 11) reside inIncreasing Your Word Power1.1) web + log 博客2) breakfast + lunch 早午餐3) medical + care 医疗保险/保障4) motor + hotel 汽车旅馆5) net + citizen 网民6) science + fiction 科幻小说7) work + alcoholic 工作狂2.1) the scientific study of the human race, especially of its origins, development, customs and beliefs2) archaeology3) ecology4) the study of rocks, soils, etc. which make up the Earth, and of their changes during the history of the world5) ideology6) the study of the history and theory of music7) psychology8) the scientific study of the nature and development of society and social behavior9) zoology3.1) individual 2) contradictory 3) destructive 4) rational 5) primitive 6) synthetic 7) distant 8) pessimistic 9) irreplaceable 10) enormousGrammar Review (pp23-24)1.1) She wished us health and success in the new year.2) He asked how we were getting along with our work.3) Jack said to me that I would be happy to know that his condition had improved.4) Rose asked Jack whether he was sure his mother would like the idea.5) He asked John how long he had been waiting for them.6) She said I needn’t have done all that myself.2.1) The strikers protested to the police that they had no right to arrest them.3) He agreed that that was the best solution to the problem.4) My sister admitted that it was she who had broken the glass.5) He declared that he meant what he said and would never go back on his word (违背诺言).6) The man insisted that we (should) give an explanation of what had happened.7) Mrs. Jones complained that no one showed concern for the elderly in that country.8) The sales manager explained that he couldn’t give us a definite answer because he had not received instructions from his company.Cloze (pp24-25)1) realm 2) elemental 3) obtain 4) stubbornly 5) transferred 6) transformed 7) subdued 8) expansion 9) irreplaceable 10) extinct 11) dynamic 12) verge 13) moderate 14) ecological 15) rationalTranslation (pp25-27)11) The village is so close to the border that the villagers live in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.2) In only 20 years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.3) This company has evolved into one of the major chemical manufacturing bases in this region.4) Given the current financial situations, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.5) The government’s call for suggestions about the control of water pollution produced very little response from the citizens.6) The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.7) At one time scientists thought that there was nothing smaller than an atom but now most people know that an atom consists of even smaller particles.8) The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV.9) The department store lost out because loans were very hard to come by and it could not start business on time.10) We can’t go there for a walk be cause there is navy base there, which is off limits to tourists. 2.Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows.Human beings are connected with nature by “blood” ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed.Professor Spirkin holds (the view) that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.Unit 3 Man and TechnologyWords in ActionWorking with Words and Expressions1. 1) monitor 2) phenomenon 3) isolation 4) gradual 5) opponent6) advent 7) genetic 8) consciously 9) extreme 10) nasty11) boom 12) formal 13) soar 14) survey 15) Similarly16) modify 17) rough2. 1) at the same time 2) are stuck with 3) for certain 4) make no difference 5) on average 6) when it comes to 7) depends on 8) built into 9) come to mind 10) at workIncreasing Your Word Power1.AdjectivesNounsAdjectivesNouns1) technologicaltechnology6) luxuriousluxury2) eternaleternity7) leisurelyleisure3) miraculousmiracle8) subjectivesubject4) relevantrelevance9) prosperousprosperity5) analyticalanalysis10) innovativeinnovation2. 2) multi-faith 3) multiform 4) multifunction 5) multi-ethnic6) multilateral7) multi-lingual 8) multimedia 9) multimillionaire 10) multinational1) a multi-faith society 2) a multi-lingual secretary 3) a multimillionaire4) a multinational motor-manufacturing corporation 5) a multifunction video camera6) a multi-ethnic community 7) a multimedia dictionary 8) multi-cultural education9) a multilateral trade negotiation 10) multiform technological cooperation3. 1) j 2) c 3) b 4) i 5) a 6) g 7) d 8) e 9) f 10) h4.AdjectivesNounsAdjectivesNouns1) creativecreativity6) minorminority2) cruelcruelty7) originaloriginality3) equalequality8) purepurity4) locallocality9) regularregularity5) majormajority10) superiorsuperiority1) superiority 2) equality 3) originality 4) minority 5) Creativity 6) purity 7) crueltyGrammar Review1. 1) My mother would not be worried about me if she knew what my life was like.2) They would probably allow you to do the job if you were in better health.3) They wouldn’t work with such enthusiasm if they didn’t know what they were working for.4) I would have to look it up in the dictionary if I didn’t know the me aning of the word.5) She would understand what we say if she knew Chinese.6) I would be quite satisfied if you spoke with greater accuracy.2. 1) If we knew where he was, we would try to get in touch with him.2) If it were not for the expense involved, we would go there by plane.3) If we were to miss the train, we would have to wait another four hours.4) If we pooled all our resources, we would have enough money to buy the equipment.5) If he didn’t have a strong love for the handicapped children, he wouldn’t be working so ti relessly for them.Cloze1) emphasize 2) opposite 3) improved 4) luxuries 5) benefited6) obviously 7) consciously 8) fractures 9) eternal 10) groundbreaking11) entitled 12) correlation 13) depends 14) exclusivelyTranslation1. 1) He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he seems to be quite ignorant.2) The latest survey shows / showed that the majority of the citizens support / supported the government’s plan to build a new library.3) The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technological cooperation because several factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.4) I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won’t come to mind for the moment.5) He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours every day on average.6) Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whether he can be a good lawyer or not.7) The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient to use.8) These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is their job is more dangerous.9) Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophy as her second major.10) What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems by yourselves. It makes no difference whetherI go there or not.2.Nowadays, many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by material and technological advances unimaginable inprevious eras. With the development of science and technology, people’s standard of living is getting higher and higher. People’s life expectancy has soared, too.However, oddly enough, many people do not feel happier than they used to be. It can be seen that there is no close correlation between people’s income and their happiness. Happiness cannot, after all, be bought with money.Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives, they are happy to be alive, and the more time they get on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. What is important is that material wealth is far from enough. People need spiritual happiness, too.Theme-related WritingSample Essay:The Impact of the Mobile Phone on People’s livesAmong the many technological inventions, the mobile phone impresses me most.The mobile phone brings considerable convenience to our lives. It not only enables us to keep in touch with each other almost anytime and anywhere but also helps us solve problems or do business efficiently. In emergencies, a mobile phone can even be a life-saver. Besides, its multi-functions add ease and color to our lives. With a mobile phone, we can receive mail, read news, listen to music, play games, and take pictures.Yet, the mobile phone has its disadvantages, too. Most of us have experienced the nuisance of unwanted or wrong calls. We are inconvenienced by calls on occasions when we least expect one. Besides, the technology infrastructure to support mobile communication has consumed valuable natural resources and caused significant environmental problems. It is reported thatelectromagnetic radiation waves from the phone may result in health problems.Despite its negative side, the advantages of the mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages. I believe that with advances in science and technology, improved and safer models of mobile phones will surely serve us still better.(184 words)Unit 3WORDS IN ACTIONWorking With Words and Expressions1. 1) quest 2) remained 3) consume 4) likewise5) vessel 6) qualify 7) stiff 8) collapsed9) predict 10) inevitably 11) absorbed 12) sheer13) refining 14) paralyzed 15) exchange2. 1) In a way 2) act on 3) to such an extent that4) opens up 5) close off 6) look intoIncreasing Your Word Power 1.Clipped wordsOriginal formsClipped wordsOriginal formsfaxfacsimilefridgerefrigeratorautoautomobilememomemorandumburgerhamburgerPoli-sciPolitical sciencedemodemonstrationsubSubstitute; submarinefluInfluenzazooZoological garden2.Nouns / Adjectives Suffixes Uncountable Nouns Chinese Meanings king-dom / -hoodKingdom王国；领域fatherfatherhood父亲的身份（或资格）adultadulthood成年brotherbrotherhood手足之情，同胞之爱freefreedom自由；自主dukedukedom公爵的爵位likelylikeliness可能性neighbor neighborhood街坊，四邻；住宅区wisewisedom智慧，才智womanwomanhood女子成年期；女子气质3. 1) positive2) certain3) less4) unknown5) complete6) infinite7) hopeless8) modern9) individual10) contradictoryGRAMMAR REVIEW1. 1) If they hadn’t broken away from the out-of-date regulation, they wouldn’t have made great advances in their work.2) If they hadn’t taken proper care of her, she wouldn’t have recovered so rapidly.3) The conference wouldn’t have been so successful if we hadn’t ma de adequate preparations.4) We would have had a hard ti me if we hadn’t followed the right instructions.5) The flood would have caused great damage to our property if we hadn’t built so many reservoirs.6) They would have succeeded in the experiment if they had followed the right procedure.2. 1) If English ha dn’t become a language of international business after World War II, most developing countries wouldn’t have required students to study it at school.2) If William ha dn’t invaded England in 1066, the English language wouldn’t have had many words of French origin.3) If modern English hadn’t developed from several different languages, the grammar and spelling rules wouldn’t have been so irregular.4) If En gland hadn’t been conquered by the Normans in 1066, French wouldn’t have become the main language of t he ruling class at that time.CLOZE1. 1) topic 2) creates 3) really 4) grasp5) sure 6) opposite 7) contradictory 8) reality9) physical 10) rigidity 11) individual 12) humility13) rainbow 14) falsehoodTRANSLATION1. 1) Most people strongly believe that the court will no doubt punish the bank robbers severely.2) The medical workers overcame one difficulty after another in their long-term quest for a cure for the disease.3) Acting on the information they received, the police closedoff the streets and caught the bank robbers.4) We were amazed at learning that the newly-built TV factory can produce 500,000 TV sets in the first year.5) The government is looking into the causes of so many layoffs and is trying to help the laid-off workers to be re-employed.6) To expand the sales of its product, the company has taken up various measures to open up new markets and to improve its services.7) He has neglected his studies to such an extent that I am afraid it is impossible for him to catch up with the other students in a month.8) The fireworks factory was closed last month for failing to comply with the government safety regulations.9) It remains to be seen whether our football team can beat its opponents.10) Mr. Smith predicted that the recent oil discoveries, together with the use / employment of new technologies, would lead to a decline in the price of crude oil.2.We all know that knowledge is power but we are seldom aware of how difficult knowledge transfer is. According to Victoria Griffith, there are many barriers to knowledge transfer and lack of trust is one of the major ones.It seems to her that people are only to absorb knowledge readily from those they know and trust. For example, in the early 17th century, Galileo argued that the earth and other planets move around the sun, but this knowledge was rejected by the general populations at that time because the Italian over three hundred years ago trusted the Roman Catholic Church more thanthey trusted science. What was worse, Galileo had to spend the rest of his life under house arrest for his ideas.Victoria Griffith reminds us that knowledge transfer is still a tough problem although we are living in the “knowledge era.”THEME-RELATED WRITINGSample Essay:Knowledge transfer is a human phenomenon and plays a very important role in the process of human evolution. With the knowledge accumulated over generations, human beings can now build and transform societies with unprecedented knowledge resources.However, there are many barriers to knowledge transfer. For example, lack of trust and resistance to change undermine the transfer of knowledge. People are less likely to acquire knowledge from those whom they don’t trust or to adopt new theories and practices they are not familiar with. Cultural and language barriers also hamper the transfer of knowledge between nations or ethnic groups. It would be almost impossible for people who speak different languages or dialects with different cultural backgrounds to communicate effecitvely, not to mention exchanging knowledge.An underdeveloped economy is another barrier to knowledge transfer. The lack of socio-economic and techno-environmental cooperation, as well as poor communications infrastructure, can greatly hinder the flow of knowledge within and between nations.To remove these barriers, people should change their attitude towards knowledge transfer and the learning of foreign languages and cultures. At the same time, efforts should be made to develop a better world economy. (190 words)Unit 4Enhance Your Language Awareness(I) Working with Words and Expressions1. (1) mass (2) gambled (3) voluntary (4) hunted(5) classified (6) abolished (7) division (8) senseless(9) fashions (10)coordination (11) declarations (12) spanned(13)recommends/recommended (14)moderately (15) slightest2. (1) stands/stood a chance (2) ruled out (3) worthy of (4) gone through (5) in the strict sense (6) At a guess (7) earns a living (8) coincide with (9) gone in for (10) got their teeth into (II) Increasing Your Word Power1.(1) imaginary (2) congratulatory (3) Migratory(4)documentary(5) legendary (6) introductory (7) contradictory (8) explanatory2. (1) vocation (2) posts (3) trade (4) job(5) work (6) profession (7)career (8) position3. (2)lawyer (3)electrician (4) philosopher (5) musician(6) engineer (7) surgeon (8) cashier (9) photographer (10) biologist Grammar1(1) I don’t remember having borrowed/ borrowing anything from you.(2) She’ll stay here for a couple of we eks before going on to New York.(3) The prospect o f Profesor Smith’s coming to see us cheered us all.(4) Jim, a man of strong character, naturally didn’t give in.(5) Arriving at the school gate, ha found his classmates hadalready assembled.2(1) He was afraid of falling behind the others..(2) We were all amused at Henry’s running after the dog in his slippers.(3) Have they informed you of the change in the plan ?(4) We’re greatful to you for having given us so much help.(5) We assured them of our willingness to cooperate with them.(III) Cloze(1) enjoy (2)physical (3)compelled (4) necessity (5) support(6) mental (7) idealize (8) status (9) values(10) classified (11) essential (12) mind (13) attitude (14) fortunate(IV) Translation1. Sentence translation(1) As more and more details of her private life were disclosed by the media, she was compelled to resign from the post of general manager of the company.(2) She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.(3) I bought this shirt because the price was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan.(4) To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships.(5) The pol ice have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady’s death.(6) The municipal government promised to take effective steps as soon as possible to solve theproblems of air pollution.(7) I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because of my injured leg.(8) If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.(9) Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend that you borrow it from the library and read it.(10) At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of the men’s 110-meter hurdles and broke the world record, which had been previously held by an American athlete.\2. Paragraph translationSome people think that they’ve fulfilled their tasks as long as they go on duty and come off duty on time. They never think about wh at is meant by “work” and why they should work at all. In fact, “work” involves such qualities as wisdom, ent husiam, imagination and creativity.To do his work well, a worker must have a spirit of dedication, and be capable of bearing hardships and standing hard work. In addition, he should have initiative and creativity. Having initiative means the worker should be ready to grasp every opportunity to display his outstanding ability.In addition, a worker should make clear the nature and significance of the work he does, be responsible for whatever he is doing and plunge himself into the work with vigorous enthusiasm. If he can do so, he willl find a job no longer a burden but an indispensable part of his life. Whatever he does, he can always find values and pleasure in the work and achieve extraordinary results in otherwise ordinary work.The Answers to Book4---Unit5Enhance Your Language Awareness(I) Working with Words and Expressions1. (1) fortune (2) dull (3) chased (4) launched(5) finance (6) reputation (7) liberty (8) publicity(9) sufficiently (10) sympathy (11) target (12) educate (13) commerce (14) alike (15) bored (16) audiences(17) regard (18) assure2. (1) thrown out (2) and so on (3) for dear life (4) dedicate himself to (5) was tired of (6) turn away (7) hang on (8) for the sake of(II) Increasing Your Word Power1.Back-formationOriginal wordBack-formationOriginal wordautomateautomationhousekeephousekeeperbabysitbabysittermass-producemass-productionbook-keepbook-keepingself-destructself-destructiondry-cleandry-cleaningwindow-shopwindow-shoppingediteditorwordprocesswordprocessor2. (1) reached / secured (2) achieved / attained (3) attained / reached(4) reach / secure (5) achieved / realized / fulfilled (6) fulfill / meet / satisy3. (2) competitive (3) same (4) momentary (5) specific(6) sufficient (7) cruel (8) humble (9) famous (10) reasonableGrammar Review1(1) (real) subject(2) object to the verb “make”(3) predicate(4) attribute modifying “opportunity”。
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Unit OneMan has a blood tie with nature and nobody can live outside nature. Nature provides us with everything we need: the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat.For quite a long time after man began to live in the (1) realm of nature, he lived in fear of its destructive forces. He used to regard nature with its (2)elemental forces as something hostile to him. And even the forest was something wild and frightening to him. Very often, he was unable to (3) obtain the merest daily necessities though he worked together with others (4)stubbornly and collectively with his imperfect tools. Through his interaction with nature, man changed it gradually. He cut down forest, cultivated land, (5)transferred various species of plants and animals to different climatic conditions, changed the shape and climate of his environment and (6)transformed plants and animals. He (7)subdued and disciplined electricity and compelled it to serve the interests of society.Nonetheless, with the constant (8)expansion of agriculture and industry, man has robbed nature too much of its (9)irreplaceable resources, polluted his own living environment and caused about 95% of the species that have existed over the past 600 million years to become (10)extinct and still many others to be endangered. The previous (11)dynamic balance between man and nature is on the (12)verge of breaking down. Man is now faced with the problem of how to stop, or at least to (13) moderate the destructive effect of technology on nature. The crisis of the (14)ecological situation has become a global problem. The solution to the problem depends on (15)rational and wise organization both of production itself and care for Mother Nature. This can only be done by all humanity, rather than by individuals, enterprises or separate countries.Unit FouMost people have work to do. With work, they can (1) enjoy their lives. However, people who did (2)physical labor were looked down upon in the past. Many people were (3) compelled to take manual labour because it was an absolute (4) necessity for them to earn a living and to (5) support their families. By contrast, people who did (6) mental work were highly respected. Under the influence of this idea, even today some people still (7) idealize their funture when making choices for their career. What they care most about is whethere the job can give them enough social (8) status rather than whether they can realize their (9) values in it. In their eyes, those who do manual labor should still be (10) classifiedas inferior in social status.In fact, there is no (11) esential difference between those who work with their hands and those who work with their (12) mind . Whether a job is labor or work does not depend on the job itself but on people’s (13)attitude towards it. As long as you like your job, you will think you are (14) fortunate enough to take it and you will do it enthusiastically.Unit 5What does success mean to you? Does it mean wealth, fame, power or something else? Different people have different pursuits in life so they understand success in different ways. Some people (1) chase money their whole lives. To them, more money means more success. Some people run after fame. With fame and (2) reputation, they can gain the admiration and love of many others. However, some people (3) dedicate themselves to the well-being of society.Doubtlessly, money is something that can be used as a (4) reward to those who have done valuable work. Those who perform their work excellently should be paid (5)sufficiently. But success cannot be (6) measured in monetary terms, nor in terms of the amount of power one may exercise over others. After all, money and power can (7) assure people neither of happiness nor of respect from others.Fame, too, is a flawed measure of success. (8) Momentary fame can bring great joy to those who have it for a time. But they are very likely to become the slaves of their (9) celebrity because of the public’s demands. In addition, they will easily become the (10)target of everyone who disagrees with them and of the media as well. To be (11) frank, if one is unable to fully enjoy life and (12) liberty, the short-lived success is nothing but (13)illusory.Therefore, to achieve the right kind of success is vitally important. As long as one can combine his own material needs and spiritual satisfaction with those of the well-being of society, he should be held in high (14) regard.Unit SixTruth is a fact accepted as true, for which proof exists. Truth is a great principle, without which beauty may fade and love may (1) wither those who uphold truth have a strong (2) sense of responsibility. Those who hold firmly to truth are (3) faithful to their duty and the people they serve. They (4) commit themselves to the well-being of others. With (5) aspirations to make a contribution to society, they are ready to correct their own mistakes, if any. It can be said that they are men of moral integrity who never ask for (6) gratitude in return.Truth (7) dawns upon us slowly but surely. In the long quest for truth, people have (8) accumulated precious knowledge and experience. However, truth also needs (9) nourishment just as plants need water, because many people are too (10) preoccuped with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the great beauty of truth when it (11) flowers or they frequently fail to appreciate truth when it is (12) tendered.In short, truth is an invaluable asset to the whole of humanity. Stick to the truth and we will (13) weave a timeless pattern, and earn the respect and esteem of others, (14) elevate the world today above its present imperfections and place ourselves in the proud position of promoting the good of the humanity.Unit sevenWe often hear people say, "Time is money." But today many Americans have come to realize that the crazy pursuit of money is leaving them too little time to enjoy life. They are tired of working just for the (1) luxuries of life and are beginning to change their fast-paced lifestyles for a simple and (2) frugal one, hoping to keep family, friends, work and play all of a piece.For some people, creating a more balanced life involves changing jobs or locations. For others, it means (3) trading two incomes for one, in which case they must (4) curtail expenses. So some have sold out their (5) splendid homes and moved into smaller houses. They have given up the extra cars, unnecessary modern conveniences, and expensive (6) hobbies. They now do things by themselves to avoid paying for the services of others. They resist the temptation to purchase things on (7) impulse and spend money only on (8) bare necessities and things that do not make (9) wasteful use of the earth's resources.However, they do not (10) deny themselves what they like or enjoy. The change in their lifestyle is not one involving (11) deprivation; it is just simplification. They believe that they can still live a happy and fulfilling life on less money. Indeed, whether we can (12) naintain a healthy lifestyle or not does not depend on how wealthy we are but on whether we have the (13) resolve and courage to discard our old (14) consumption habits.Unit EightThe Story of an Hour leaves us much to think about. In the story, when Richards, who worked in the newspaper office, learned that his friend Brently Mallard had been killed in a railroad (1) disaster, he was greatly shocked. He only waited until he was a(2) assured by a second telegram and then he (3) hastened to go to Josephine, sister of Brently's wife, and asked her to break the news as (4) gently as possible to her sister because he knew Mrs. Mallard was (5) afflicted with a heart trouble. He was afraid that if someone less (6) tender brought the message to her ahead of him, there might be dreadful consequences.People usually expect a wife to accept such sad news with a (7) paralyzed inability, but Mrs. Mallard did not. At the news, she wept at once, with sudden, wild (8) abandonment in her sister's arms, and then she went to her own room, forbidding anyone else to go in.When she was alone, she felt something (9) subtle coming to her, which gradually came to her mind, beginning to (10) possess her. Hard as she tried, she couldn't get rid of the feeling. What was it? She didn't know. However, a clear and excited (11) perception occupied her which made her regard her husband's death no longer as something important, because beyond that bitter moment she saw a long (12) procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely, during which her husband would not (13) impose his will upon her any more.Just at that moment, her husband came back, (14) travel-stained, carrying his briefcase and umbrella. Seeing him, she died of a sudden heart attack.。