William-Golding 威廉戈尔丁
《蝇王》权力与腐败
《蝇王》权力与腐败人类社会无处不在权力的存在，而权力与腐败往往如影随形。
在威廉·戈尔丁（William Golding）的小说《蝇王》中，他以一群被困在荒岛上的少年作为舞台，展现了权力的诱惑与腐败的堕落。
本文将从权力的产生、权力的演变以及权力的腐败等方面进行论述。
一、权力的产生权力的产生常常与人们的需求和利益密切相关。
在《蝇王》中，一开始的无政府状态并未出现权力的分配和差异，但随着生存的需要和团队合作的重要性被凸显出来，权力的产生成为不可避免的话题。
拉尔夫（Ralph）作为团队的领导者，以其阳刚果断、头脑清晰的特点，自然而然地获得了其他孩子们的认同并成为了权力的代表。
二、权力的演变权力并非一成不变的，它会随着环境的变化和人们的心理状态而演变。
在《蝇王》中，权力逐渐从拉尔夫转移到了杰克（Jack）身上。
杰克具有较强的领导能力，他懂得利用恐惧和暴力来控制其他孩子，并建立起自己的势力范围——猎人部落。
这种权力的演变不仅仅是因为杰克的个人胜任能力，更因为孩子们对权力的追逐和授权。
三、权力的腐败权力的腐败是人性中的弱点所导致的，正如名言所说“权力导致腐败，绝对权力导致绝对腐败。
” 在《蝇王》中，权力的腐败在杰克身上表现得淋漓尽致。
他在权力的诱惑下逐渐沉溺于野蛮和暴力，从而迅速地蜕变为残暴而野蛮的恶魔。
同时，他还利用权力建立了私人军队，统治着其他无势力的孩子们，并丧失了对道德和文明的敬畏。
这种权力的腐败也逐渐蔓延到其他孩子的身上，导致岛上渐行渐远的文明秩序彻底崩坏。
四、权力的代价权力并非没有代价的，玩弄权力的人往往会为自己的行为付出代价。
在《蝇王》中，孩子们对权力的争夺最终导致了无序、混乱以及人性的扭曲。
整个故事中，权力争夺所引发的暴力和血腥事件无不昭示着权力带来的浩劫。
当孩子们最终意识到自己过度追逐权力所付出的代价时，他们已无法回到最初纯真的状态。
在《蝇王》中，权力与腐败巧妙地交织在一起，展示了人性的弱点和社会的残酷。
戈尔丁William Golding
Features of his works
• Rich in imagination • In many novels Golding has revealed the dark places of human heart. His work is characterized by exploration of the “darkness of man’s heart” ,deep spiritual and ethical questions. • He preached moral sermons by using fables, metaphors, symbolism, and citing the Bible and mythologies.
His early works are widely recognized as the most famous ones, and their settings are different from one anther.
Lord of the Flies
on a wild island
The Inheritors
.
· Quit this job 5 years later in 1940. · He joined the Royal Navy in command of a rocket
ship in the WWII, and took part in a number of battles during the next 5 years.
· In 1979 ,he won James Tait Black
Memorial Prize.
· In 1983,he won Nobel Prize. · In 1993,he died of heart failure.
Lecture 15-1 (William Golding) 威廉 戈尔丁
7. He stepped through the screen of grass on to the little open space that led to the narrow neck. 他穿过象屏幕似的野草，走到了通向狭长地 带的小空地上。 8. Piggy peered anxiously into the luminous veil that hung between him and the world:猪崽子不 安地向前看着，有一道发光的帷幕似乎在他 面前，把他和世界隔开。
William Golding (1911—1993) What man is, whatever man is under the eye of heaven, that I burn to know and that-I do not say this lightly-I would endure knowing. —William Golding
• Simon（西蒙） : enlightened, spiritual, prophet
Symbolism:
• Characters • conch-power • Ralph also found a conch(海螺) earlier and the boys view it as a symbol of authority. Whenever the conch is blown, the boys meet together and only the boy holding the conch may talk while all others must listen and wait for their turn when the conch is passed to them
【历届诺贝尔奖得主(八)】1983年文学奖得主1
文学奖英国作家戈尔丁因“小说具有明晰的现实主义的叙述技巧，和虚构故事的多面性和普遍性”获诺贝尔文学奖。
威廉·戈尔丁（WilliamGolding，1911年9月19日－1993年6月19日）英国小说家。
生于英格兰康沃尔郡一个知识分子家庭，自小爱好文学。
1954年发表了长篇小说《蝇王》，获得巨大的声誉。
1955年成为皇家文学会成员。
1961年获牛津大学文学硕士学位，同年辞去教职，专门从事写作。
简介1930年遵父命入牛津大学学习自然科学，两年后转攻文学。
1934年发表了处女作——一本包括29首小诗的诗集（麦克米伦当代诗丛之一）。
1935年毕业于牛津大学，获文学士学位，此后在一家小剧团里当过编导和演员。
194o年参加皇家海军，亲身投入了当时的战争。
1945年退役，到学校教授英国文学，并坚持业余写作。
代表作戈尔丁是个多产作家，继《蝇王》之后，他发表的长篇小说有《继承者》（1955）、《品契·马丁}（1956）、《自由堕落》（1959）、《塔尖》（1964）、《金字塔》（1967）、《看得见的黑暗》（1979）、《航程祭典》（1980）、《纸人》（1984）、《近方位）（1987）、《巧语》（1995）等。
其中《航行祭典》获布克·麦克内尔图书奖。
此外，他还写过剧本、散文和短篇小说，并于1982年出版了文学评论集《活动的靶子》。
写作经历戈尔丁在西方被称为“寓言编撰家”，他运用现实主义的叙述方法编写寓言神话，承袭西方伦理学的传统，着力表现“人心的黑暗”这一主题，表现出作家对人类未来的关切。
由于他的小说“具有清晰的现实主义叙述技巧以及虚构故事的多样性与普遍性，阐述了今日世界人类的状况”，1983年获诺贝尔文学奖。
“蝇王”即苍蝇之王，源于希伯莱语Baalzebub，在《圣经》中“Baal”被当作“万恶之首”，在英语中，“蝇王”是污秽物之王，也是丑恶灵魂的同义词。
在这部作品中，戈尔丁用他特有的沉思与冷静挖掘着人类千百年来从未停止过的互相残杀的根源，是一部揭示人性恶的现代版寓言。
蝇王(译文经典)
读书笔记模板
01 思维导图
03 目录分析 05 读书笔记
目录
02 内容摘要 0维导图
小说
暮色
故事
兽性
海滩
海螺
眼镜
译文
人性
荒岛 供品
火
经典
高树
城堡
花脸
声
茅屋
岩
内容摘要
内容摘要
“在探讨人性之恶这一主题上，还没有一部作品能超过《蝇王》。”一个写给所有孩子和成人的寓言：一个 兽性战胜人性、野蛮战胜文明的故事，斯蒂芬·金、罗翔倾情推荐，后疫情时代必读的人类经典文学。
《蝇王》是诺奖得主威廉·戈尔丁重要的代表作，这部小说借孩童之天真来探讨人性之恶这一严肃主题。故 事发生于想象中的第三次世界大战（未来的核战争），一群六至十二岁的英国男孩在撤退途中因飞机失事困于一 座荒岛，起先尚能和睦相处，随着恶的本性萌发膨胀，人性中潜伏的兽性战胜了人性，他们互相残杀，重现了使 他们落到这种处境的历史的全过程，将荒岛乐园变成人间屠场。作者将抽象的哲理命题具体化，让读者通过阅读 引人入胜的故事和激动人心的争斗场面来加以体悟，人物、场景、故事、意象等等都深具象征意味。这部小说由 此被公认为二十世纪最伟大的文学巨著之一。
读书笔记
读书笔记
这是《蝇王（译文经典）》的读书笔记模板，可以替换为自己的心得。
精彩摘录
精彩摘录
这是《蝇王（译文经典）》的读书笔记模板，可以替换为自己的精彩内容摘录。
谢谢观看
目录分析
01
Digital Lab简介
02
第一章海螺 之声
04
第三章海滩 上的茅屋
06
第五章兽从 水中来
03
第二章山上 之火
1浅析戈尔丁的宗教观
浅析戈尔丁的宗教观【摘要】威廉.戈尔丁（William Golding）是英国著名小说家，在1983获得诺贝尔文学奖。
《蝇王》是他的第一本小说也是他的代表作。
本文从互文性的角度，在他所创作的所有作品中，探究《蝇王》与《圣经》以及当时的社会背景的关系，进而探讨作者戈尔丁的宗教观。
【关键词】戈尔丁《蝇王》宗教观互文性一、引言《蝇王》是诺贝尔文学奖获得者，英国著名小说家威廉.戈尔丁（william Golding）的代表作之一。
它一经出版，即获得的极大的成功。
有一部分批评家从基督教义的角度推论，《蝇王》是一部宣扬原罪观的小说。
原因在于，不同于传统的荒岛文学，《蝇王》重点描述了人性中残忍与野蛮的一面，全书充满了悲观主义的色彩而书中某些人物的特点甚至某些情节都与《圣经》有所关联，并且书中宣扬的人性本恶也是来源于基督教中的原罪论，有的学者甚至认为“戈尔丁的深刻思想充分说明了他崇尚‘原罪论’的宗教观。
”（尹迪，2012）。
但是如果单从这一点上来说明戈尔丁具有典型的基督教宗教观是片面的。
本文尝试从互文性的角度对《蝇王》的部分情节和人物进行剖析，对戈尔丁的宗教观进行一个全面的解读，发现戈尔丁对基督教是持有保留甚至是怀疑态度的。
二、互文性理论互文性理论的萌芽产生与俄国巴赫金的对话理论，简单来讲，一个文本不是独立存在的，它始终是与其他文本进行交互，相互影响所形成的，在互文性中，文本超越了它固有的局限，向更广阔的文化领域延伸。
（转引自：秦海鹰，2004）由于文本是对历史的一种反应，而如克里斯蒂娃说，“从互文性的角度研究文本，需要将文本与社会和历史文本放在一起思考。
”（Kristeva Julia，1984）而历史也是有文本所堆砌而成，因此分析作品所处的社会、文化背景其实也是一种文本的解读。
本文也会对作者当时所处的历史和社会环境进行分析，阐释社会、文化中层面上的互文性。
三、社会与文本的互文性（一）《蝇王》与《圣经》的互文性《蝇王》这本小说的题目就是取自于《圣经》中的别西卜（Beelzebuh），最早指腓力斯人所崇拜的巴力神，由于发音在希伯来文中和“蝇王”一致，基督教徒将巴力神称为“蝇王”，逐渐成了《圣经》中“撒旦”的另外一个指称。
William_Golding
Plots:
8. Simon found the dead parachutist, a pilot, who had been mistaken for the beast. Simon attempted to alert Jack‘s tribe that the “beast” was nothing more than a cadaver but was regarded as the beast by mistake during their tribal pig dance and Jack's tribe beat him to death.
Plots:
7. Jack and the hunters slay their first pig, they offer promises of meat, fun, and protection from the beast. Jack's tribe gradually becomes more animalistic, applying face-paint to liberate their inner savages while they hunt. At the same time, some boys from Ralph’s tribe went to Jack’s tribe.
Main characters:
•Simon Simon was a character who represents peace and tranquility and positivity. He loved the nature of the island and was positive about the future. Simon was killed by Jack’s people for they mistook him for the beast and kill him in their “dance”. His death represented the loss of truth and common sense.
WilliamGolding戈尔丁简介
William Golding戈尔丁简介1911- 长篇小说：Lord of the Flies蝇王;The Inheritors继承人;Pincher Martin平却·马丁;The Spire塔尖;The Pyramid金字塔in full Sir William Gerald Goldingborn Sept. 19, 1911, St. Columb Minor, near Newquay, Cornwall, Eng.died June 19, 1993, Perranarworthal, near Falmouth, CornwallWilliam Golding.English novelist who in 1983 won the Nobel Prize for Literature for his parables of the human condition. He attracted a cult of followers, especially among the youth of the post-World War II generation.Educated at Marlborough Grammar School, where his father taught, and at Brasenose College, Oxford, Golding graduated in 1935. After working in a settlement house and in small theatre companies, he became a schoolmaster at Bishop Wordsworth's School, Salisbury. He joined the Royal Navy in 1940, took part in the action that saw the sinking of the German battleship Bismarck,and commanded a rocket-launching craft during the invasion of France in 1944. After the war he resumed teaching at Bishop Wordsworth's until 1961.Golding's first published novel was Lord of the Flies (1954; film 1963 and 1990), the story of a group of schoolboys isolated on a coral island who revert to savagery. Its imaginative and brutal depiction of the rapid and inevitable dissolution of social mores aroused widespread interest. The Inheritors(1955), set in the last days of Neanderthal man, is anotherstory of the essential violence and depravity of human nature. The guilt-filled reflections of a naval officer, his ship torpedoed, who faces an agonizing death are the subject of Pincher Martin (1956). Two other novels, Free Fall(1959) and The Spire(1964), also demonstrate Golding's belief that “man produces evil as a bee produces honey.” Darkness Visible(1979) tells the story of a boy horribly burned in the London blitz during World War II. His later works include Rites of Passage(1980), which won the Booker McConnell Prize, and its sequels, Close Quarters (1987) and Fire Down Below (1989). Golding was knighted in 1988.Early lifeWilliam Golding was born in his grandmother's house, 47 Mountwise, St Columb Minor, Cornwall and he spent many childhood holidays there. He grew up at his family home in Marlborough, Wiltshire, where his father (Alec Golding) was a science master at Marlborough Grammar School (1905 to retirement). Alec Golding was a socialist with a strong commitment to scientific rationalism, and the young Golding and his elder brother Joseph attended the school where his father taught. His mother, Mildred, kept house at 29, The Green, Marlborough, and supported the moderate campaigners for female suffrage. In 1930 Golding went to Oxford University as an undergraduate at Brasenose College, where he read Natural Sciences for two years before transferring to English Literature.Golding's biographer John Carey claimed in 2009 that Golding admits in a diary to attempted rape while he was an undergraduate。
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British Literature
Quit this job 5 years later in 1940 Joined the Royal Navy in command of a rocket ship in the WWII Took part in a number of battles during the next 5 years and fought fiercely because he was bitterly opposed to the Nazi philosophy that advocated the German superiority over all the other races
William Golding 18
British Literature
One thing interesting to note about these is their settings. The stories are set usually in a place far from “the old world”: either on a wild island (like Lord of the Flies [1954]), or on a rock in the Atlantic (as in Pincher Martin [1956]), or in a primitive world (as is The Inheritors [1955]), or a medieval town (as is The Spire [1964]).
William Golding 12
British Literature
“The basic point my generation discovered about man was that there was more evil in him than could be accounted for simply by social pressure.”
William Golding (1911-1993)
William Golding (1911-1993)
British Literature
William Golding
2
威廉· 戈尔丁
戈尔丁在西方被称为“寓言编撰家”，他 运用现实主义的叙述方法编写寓言神话， 承袭西方伦理学的传统，着力表现“人心 的黑暗”这一主题，表现出作家对人类未 来的深切关切。 由于他的小说“具有清晰的现实主义叙述 技巧以及虚构故事的多样性与普遍性，阐 述了今日世界人类的状况”， 1983 年获诺 贝尔文学奖。
William Golding 4
British Literature
但是，我们从二次大战中得到了一些启示。 这场战争不同于欧洲历史上所经历过的任 何其他战争，它给予我们的启迪不是关于 战争本身，或国家政治，或民族主义的弊 病，而是有关人的本性。”
British Literature
William Golding
British Literature
William Golding
6
Was especially interested in literature from his young age At 7, began to write a play revised from a story in old Egypt
William Golding 16
British Literature
This famous novel derives from Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe and R. M. Ballantyne’s The Coral Island (1857). In this book, as well as in his many other books, his purpose is to explore into the darkest place of human heart and make people realize the truth of man.
British Literature
William Golding
7
From 12, began to compile a book about the history of the British Chamber of Commerce （英国商会）, which was prepared to consist of 12 volumes Became a very famous novelist in middle ages His novels are permeated with the sense of man’s sin and guilt.
British Literature
William Golding
14
When the war was over, he returned to his former post as a teacher at Bishop Wordsworth School in 1945. Although he had written a few books at that time, he was unsuccessful except for a few minor reviews and magazine articles. However, at the same time he did produce 3 manuscript novels.
British Literature
William Golding
17
In 1955, a science fiction, The Inheritors In 1956, his third novel, Pincher Martin In 1959, the forth novel, Free Fall His another novel entitled The Spire came out in 1964. Darkness Visible was published in 1979. The title is taken from Milton’s description about the Hell in his Paradise Lost.
William Golding 9
British Literature
Changed his major to English literature and Anglo-Saxon history It was during his university years that he published his book—a collection of poems. After graduation, followed his family tradition and worked as an English and philosophy teacher at Bishop Wordsworth’s School in Salisbury, which was a job he did not like at all
British Literature
William Golding
8
Was educated at a famous boys’ school, Marlborough Grammar School, where his father was a senior master（校长） Was expected to be a scientist by his parents; however, he had a very different plan for his own future Studied sciences at Oxford University for 2 years according to his parents’ wishes
5
Life Expe19th, 1911 in Cornwall, on the south-western tip of England His father, Alec Golding, was a distinguished school master.
William Golding 3
British Literature
二战对戈尔丁的影响
“ 如果你在二次大战前见到我，你会发现我 是一个理想主义者。脑子里充满了我们这 一代人，特别是在欧洲的同龄人所共有的 一种简单幼稚的信念：认为人类可以发展 到完美无瑕的阶段。只要消除社会上的某 些不平等因素，对社会问题采取一些切实 可行的措施，我们就可以在地球上创造一 个人间天堂。
William Golding 19
British Literature
Golding is a very genuinely serious writer because he held a very strong pessimistic view towards human nature. He thinks that modern civilization, the institutions and order are fragile and temporary, and that man’s irrationality and innate evil are strong and enduring.
William Golding 15
British Literature