必修一 unit 4 单词语法

Unit4 重点单词1. burst(1)vi 爆裂，爆发The balloon burst,and it surprised all the children.用法：burst out crying/laughing==burst into tears/laughter 突然哭/笑起来The sad mother burst (out crying)into tears,when the reporter asked ab out her son‟s death in the big fire.burst into/in 闯进，突然破门而入Suddenly the children burst in/into the room.burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/心花怒放(2)n. a burst of(爆发出)一阵......The burst of a balloon shocked all of us. There is a burst of applause from the crowd.2. at an end 介词短语，“终结结束”一般做表语。

The war is at an end.at the end of “在......的尽头，末尾，在......结束时”，后接时间，地点at the end of garden/this yearby the end of “到......为止”，后接时间，句子用过去完成时或将来完成时By the end of last month, we had finished half of it.i n the end“最终，终于”，做状语They give up the plan in the end.come to an end结束，完成The journey was coming to an end.3. (1)n. lie/be in ruins 成为废墟After the flood, the village is in ruins now.come/go/fall to ruin 毁灭，荒废，崩溃The house was empty for several years and came/fell/went to ruin.bring sth/sb to ruin 使....毁灭/没落/破产The earthquake brought the city to ruin.(2) vt. ruin oneself自取灭亡ruin one‟s health/fame 毁坏某人的健康，名誉Smoking ruined his health. His drunk driving not only ruined himself but also killed several passers-by.4. (1)injury n. 伤口，伤害do an injury to sb=do sb an injury Be careful,or you will do an injury to yourself. (2）injured adj. 受伤的，受委屈的the injured 伤员The driver was slightly injured in the accident. (3)injure vt. 损害，伤害Let him alone as long as he doesn't injure himself.5.(1) vi＆vt.(使)震动，惊动be shocked at sh 对.......感到震惊He was shocked at the news.be shocked to do sth 做某事很震惊He was shocked to hear of the bad news.be shocked that.....对.......很震惊(2)adj shocked 感到震惊的，常表示人的心理状态和感受；shocking令人震惊的，说明事物的性质，特点He was shocked at the shocking new.(3)n. be a shock to sb使某人很震惊，对某人来说是个打击The bad news was a great shock to the whole family.6. come to one’s rescue=rescue sb 援救某人The rescue team came to his rescue.rescue ....from.... 把...从....营救出来She was rescued from a burning building.7.(1 )vt. trap sb into sth/doing sth诱骗，陷害某人做某事He trapped me into admitting I have done it.be trapped in 困在.....中，陷在.....中They are trapped in a difficult situation.(2)n. fall into the trap of 掉进......的圈套，陷阱set traps to do sth 设置圈套，陷阱做某事The owner of the house set traps to catch the mouse.8. bury.....in....把...埋在...；使.....沉浸于.....The dog buried its bone in the garden.bury oneself in(doing)sth= be buried in(doing)sth 埋头于,专心于,沉浸于某事He is burying himself/buried in studying.bury one’s face/head in... 把脸/头伸到....里去He sat down on the ground, and buried his face in his hands.10.(1)frighten sb into sth/doing sth把某人吓的做某事They frightened the boy into telling them the secret.be frightened at/by .....因....害怕He was frightened at/by the noise.他被这响声吓一跳。

be frightened of sth 害怕某物The girl was frightened of mice.be frightened to do sth 害怕做某事The man was too frightened to stand up.(2)frightening 令人恐惧的The little girl was frightened by the frightening film.Unit4限定性定语从句一一限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句意显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连，无逗号隔开。

非限定性定语从句: 对所修饰的成分(可以为整个主句)作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。

I bought a pen yesterday. I am looking for the pen. I am looking for the pen which/that I bought yesterday.二限定性定语从句中关系代词的使用当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中做主语、宾语或者定语时，应使用关系代词。

1、who指人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常省略。

I know the man who spoke to you just now。

2、whom指人，who的宾格，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语中可用who代替。

The man (whom) you saw just now is our English teacher.3、which指物，在从句中做主语、宾语，做宾语时可省略。

China is a country which has a long history.The car (which) my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.4、that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中做主语、宾语或表语，做宾语时常省略。

当先行词为anyone，those等时，多用who引导。

The girl (that) my English teacher is talking with is very hard-working.Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.5、whose可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。

Please pass me the book whose cover is blue.Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue.Please pass me the book of which the cover is blue.三关系代词只用that的情况1、当先行词是anything, nothing, something, all, much, few, any, little等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时，一般用that，不用which。

He couldn't understand anything that they had told him.All the apples that we picked were sent to the factory.2、先行词既有人，又有物时，关系代词一般用that。

We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited there.3、先行词有the only, the very, the last, just the（恰恰正好）,all，any,few, little,no等词修饰时，用that。

This will be the last chance that he can get. You are the last person that I want to see.4、先行词是序数词或序数词修饰；先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时，用that不用which。