归化异化优缺点

归化/隐身的优点A ccording to Venuti, invisibility produces the illusion of transparency or fluency that is supported by a network of the publishing industry传统的“归化”采用了透明，流畅，通顺的翻译策略，在英语中形成一种外国文学的规范，要求译者在翻译活动中不流露自身的痕迹，让读者在阅读时，就像阅读目的语创作的作品一般缺点He asserts that this kind of translation performs an act of domestication, which makes the foreign text understandable and familiar and enacts an ethnocentric violence and a cultural imperialis“归化法”翻译策略主导英美文化翻译现象是欧美文化霸权的一种表现形式。

“不可见性”是用目的语的语言规范来看待，扭曲原语盲文化。

凸显出来的是一种强势文化对于弱势文化的一种殖民关系。

是种族中心主义和文化霸权主义的体现Venuti's translation theory has broken new ground theoretically, casting a newlight on America and building powerful historical and ideological cases against what he calls "invisibility" or "transparence" of domesticating or fluent translation and in favor of what he calls the resistant dissidence of foreignizing translation. His contributions to translation studies are multiple.In th is chapter,the thesis analyzes histheory, points out some limitations and attempts to give some solutions.异化/显身的优点Venuti's theory aims to demystify the illusion of transparency and equivalenceand to make the translation process more visible by means of showing how translators are deeply involved in the construction of culture and ideology.首先，Venutl的理论能为我们带来更多外国作品，并使我们有机会重新读到那些被人忽视或遗忘了的作品和作家。

在英美国家，出售翻译权给别国的比例要远远高于购买翻译权进行翻译的比例。

运用Venutl的异化理论能够抵制这种文化入侵，引进更多优秀的外国作品，平衡由英语国家文化为主导的文学翻译。

其次，这个方法比其他的理论更加详尽的保留了这些作家，或是更有名的作家的原作，我们有更多机会来接近和分析保有原作痕迹的译作。

译者在翻译过程中凸显原作和译作的差别，让我们感受文化多元化The main feature of Venuti's foreignizing translation strategy is to signify theforeignness of the foreign text. And this feature can help the target readers to understand the foreign expressions and cultures, realizing the diferences between the two countries.One of the most important functions of Venuti's foreignizing translation is to promote the cultural communication and transmission between the two cultural countries or communities.With the foreignizing translation strategy, these sayings can keep the originaltaste and at the same time, thesenew expressions are easily understood by the Chinese readers.异化、显身的缺点不足之处主要体现在其异化理论在译入语的文化地位，目标读者和文本类型方面都有其局限性。

The limitations of Venuti’s theorys are that he hasn’t paid enough attention to the cultural status of the target language,the target readers and the text types．显身的例子例1As a mater of fact, the cultural communication and transmission brought by foreignizing translation can be clearly seen in China. Nowadays, Chinese people have already unconsciously accepted a lot of foreign expressions, such as KFC, Pizza, coffee, honeymoon, open secret, ivory tower and so on. These English expressions have already been loaned to Chinese with Chinese people feeling no foreignness at all. The fact that these expressions are frequently used in Chinese as if they were the original Chinese indicates that foreignizing translation does contribute to enriching Chinese and p romoting cultural communication例2As we all know, English is rich in proverbs and sayings that are extremelyspecial in terms of their cultural features. If the translators apply the foreignizing translation, they can keep the original image of these proverbs and sayings, thus reproducing the original flavor in the target language.We never know the worth of water til the well is dry.井干方知水可贵。

Whent hec atis aw ay,th em icew ilp lay.猫儿不在，老鼠玩得自在.Too many cooks spoil the broth.厨子多了煮坏汤。

in the country of the blind the one-eyed man is king.盲人国里，独眼为王。

An unfortunate man would be drowned in a cup.人一倒霉，一杯茶也能淹死。

Bad workmen often blame their tools.拙匠常怪工具差。

Necessity is the mother of invention.需要是发明之母。

People are more convinced by words than by blows.言语比棍棒更能说服人。

显身的缺点的例子W ith?Sinbad the Sailor and Tinbad the Tailor and Jinbad the Jailer and W hinbad the Whaler and Ninbad the Nailer and Finbad the Failer and Binbad the Bailer and Pinbad the Railer and Minbad the Mailer and Hinbad the Hailer and Rinbad the Railer and Dinbad the Kailer and Vmbad the Quailer and Linbad the Yailer and Xinbad the Phthailer.(Joyce, Ulysses)译文一：跟谁?水手辛伯达、裁缝廷伯达、狱卒金伯达、捕鲸者挥伯达、制钉工人宁伯达、失败者芬伯达、掏船肚水者宾伯达、桶匠频伯达、邮寄者明伯达、欢呼者欣伯达、咒骂者林伯达、食菜主义者丁伯达、畏惧者温伯达、赛马赌徒林伯达、水手兴伯达。

(萧乾、文洁若译)译文二：跟谁?行海船的辛伯达和当裁缝的当伯达和看牢子的看伯达和捕鲸鱼的捕伯达和打铁钉的打伯达和不中用的不伯达和舀舱水的舀伯达和做木桶的做伯达和跑邮差的跑伯达和唱颂歌的唱伯达和说脏话的说伯达和吃蔬菜的丁伯达和怕惹事的文伯达和酗啤酒的叶伯达和行什么船的行伯达。

(王东风，2001. 43-47)This paragraph is excerpted from Ulysses and the writer applies an very special writing method. The specificity lies in the following three aspects. First, all the names of the "characters" are the meaningless imitation of pronunciation except the first one“Sinbad”who is the name of a sailor in the novel One Thousand and One Nights. Second,th ereis n otan yp unctuationi nt hew holep aragraphe xceptfo rth ep eriodi n the end. Third, every place where a comma should be used is replaced by the conjunction "and". It is obvious that with this kind of form, the writer wants to givethe readers the feeling of endless and meaningless repetition in order to show his stream of consciousnessFrom the examples demonstrated above, it can be clearly seen that foreignizing translation strategy can not only enrich the expressions of the target language, help thetarget-language readers to realize the linguistic and cultural differences between the two countries, but also, more importantly, promote the cultural communication and transmission.So in this aspect, Venuti's advocacy of foreignizing translation, whichaims to signify the linguistic and culturals differences of the foreign text, is of great significance. However,everything has two sides. Although Venuti's theory contributes a lot to the translation studies, there are some limitations. In the following section, the thesis points out these limitations and attempts to offer some suggested solutions,the thesis analyzes these limitations from two aspects: target readers and text types.target readersWhen the readers of the target language intend to read the translation of a foreign text, they must be ready to face what is new and unfamiliar to them. In reading the target text produced with foreignizing translation,target readers may get to know different ways of thinking and expressions presented in the foreignizing translation As a matter of fact, Venuti's foreignizing translation pays more attention tocultural faithfulness than linguistic faithfulness, thus acting as a medium for cultural communication and transmission. However, foreignizing translation is not applicable to al source texts because cultural otherness can not always be kept without violating the idiomaticity of the target language. In other words,cultural faithfulness should not be acquired at the cost of breaking the target language.Otherwise, foreignizing translation may not be accepted by the target readers.隐身/归化的例子ST 1：Teabing stared at her for several seconds and scoffed derisively“A desperate ploy. Robert knows how I've sought it (Brown 2003:351)TT l：提彬瞪着她看了几秒钟，轻蔑地说：“狗急跳墙，兰登知道我非常想找到它。