高中英语阅读理解试题及答案

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

Hipster Greenport: 4 places to eat, shop and visit

Greenport may date back to the 1630s, but it's feeling pretty of-the-moment right now. Here are four places that embody the old-meets-new energy of the village:

Claudio's

If you've been to Greenport, you can't miss Claudio's —it's where generations of Long Islanders have made a tradition of eating, whether inside the main restaurant or at the floating dock-bar. The new owners have added fresh elements: Baccano Pizza by Nino, which offers a variety of slices and pies until as late as 2 a.m. on Fridays and Saturdays — is right by the dock entrance.

Little Creek Oyster Farm & Market

It's little spots like this that tell the current Greenport story. There's no sign or advertising for this tiny house changed from the cabin of an old ship that's practically hidden down Bootlegger's Alley near Mitchell Park. But there they are — streams of people who come to enjoy the fresh oysters while drinking local craft beer, with a waterside view.

The Times Vintage

Nostalgia (怀旧) for bygone times runs high in this 1909 building, which once served as the base for the Suffolk Times newspaper. These days, this well-designed shop sells vinyl records (黑胶唱片) and loads of old-fashioned clothing and home decoration items including mid-century highball sets.

Greenport Fire

Heat comes in many forms and several are sold here — hot sauces, cigars and candles. Consult the chalkboard for the current sauce offerings or browse cigars such as a hand-rolled Honduran Leaf by Oscar or the Gurkha Cellar Reserve made with 18-year-aged tobacco.

（1）What's special about Greenport?

A. It is a place full of energy.

B. It is a famous port in the world.

C. It is a combination of new and old.

D. It is a popular place of interest.

（2）What can you do in The Times Vintage?

A. You can enjoy delicious oysters.

B. You can buy some old things.

C. You can find hand-rolled cigars.

D. You can have Baccano Pizza.

（3）If you are a smoker, you may be interested in _________.

A. Claudio's

B. Little Creek Oyster

C. Greenport Fire

D. The Times Vintage 【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了绿港（Greenport）这个村庄里能体现新旧融合的四个地方。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“…but it's feeling pretty of-the-moment right now. Here

are four places that embody the old-meets-new energy of the village…”但现在感觉很时髦。这里有四个地方体现了这个村庄新旧活力的融合。可知，绿港融合了新旧事物。故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“These days, this well-designed shop sells vinyl records (黑胶唱片) and loads of old-fashioned clothing and home decoration items including mid-century highball sets. ”如今，这家精心设计的商店出售黑胶唱片、大量的老式服装和家居装饰用品，包括20世纪中期的highball电视机。可知，在The Times Vintage能买到一些老式的东西。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“...and several are sold here —hot sauces, cigars and candles. ”其中有几种在这里出售——辣酱、雪茄和蜡烛。可知，喜欢抽烟的人应该对Greenport Fire感兴趣。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读。考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

"If they hated me they didn't talk to me about it," says a young German manager at a media firm in Frankfurt. Still, he says it was noticeable that when an employee 20 years older than him thanked him for buying lunch he had to swallow twice before adding the word "boss".

Older workers sometimes envy being managed by a younger colleague. Precocious (老成的) youngsters, too, can feel awkward about bossing their elders around. But in Germany a shortage of skilled workers means that such situations are becoming even more common.

The country's population is projected to shrink. As more Germans retire, fewer youngsters are entering the work-place to replace them. As a share of the working population the number of 15-to-24-year-olds has fallen by ten percent since the 1980s, says the German Federal Employment Agency. Firms competing to hire young talent have to promote them earlier as a result. A paper by professors at the university of Cambridge and WHU, a German business school, to be published in the Journal of Organizational Behavior, suggests this could be a problem.

As in many countries, German work-places are legally obliged to overlook age when deciding whom to promote. Yet according to Jochen Menges, one of the authors, when an ordinary worker leap-frogs a more experienced one it can leave the latter with feelings of "anger, fear and disgust." People tend to judge their own standing by the success of their peers, and to see failure in being bossed about by someone younger. The relationship between feelings of anxiety and the age of the boss is clear, according to Mr Menges. A manager who is younger by one year is somewhat unsettling; a gap of 20 years is far more discouraging.

German firms certainly shouldn't return to a system in which age equals to rank. But young people tend to be sensitive about managing upwards. And older workers should be encouraged to see the bright side of learning new skills. Daimler, a big German car firm, says it promotes age- mixed teams, so that knowledge can be transferred between generations. It also supports young managers by asking retired employees to provide temporary support.

（1）For what does the author mention a young German manager and his experience in Paragraph 1?

A. To introduce the topic.

B. To present an argument.

C. To attract readers' interest.

D. To describe his own idea.

（2）Why are some precocious youngsters bossing their elders around in Germany?

A. Precocious youngsters are all skilled workers.

B. Such situations are becoming more common.

C. Fewer youngsters would like to do hard work.

D. Companies compete fiercely to hire young talent.

（3）In which of the following situations might an employee regard himself as a failure according to the passage?

A. When he has to decide whom to promote.

B. When he leap-frogs a more experienced worker.

C. When he is being bossed about by someone younger.

D. When he experiences feelings of anger, fear and disgust.

（4）What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?

A. A younger boss is more likely to be nervous and anxious.

B. An employee with a younger boss tends to suffer from anxiety.

C. There is a connection between anxiety and the age of promotion.

D. The age of the boss and anxiety are closely related.

（5）What can we learn from the passage?

A. Qualified workers should be promoted to boss.

B. Older workers should support younger managers.

C. Older workers are no better than younger colleagues.

D. You are never too old to learn, or too young to manage.

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）C

（4）B

（5）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由于德国年轻人数量下降，竞相雇佣年轻人才的公司不得不更早地提拔年轻人来做管理人员，拥有一位年轻的老板对员工无形中也产生了焦虑感。就此应该鼓励老员工看到学习新技能的光明面，以及组建年龄混合的团队。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的”Still, he says it was noticeable that whe n an employee 20 years older than him thanked him for buying lunch he had to swallow twice before adding the word ’boss‘.“不过，他说，值得注意的是，当一名比他大20岁的员工感谢他买了午餐时，他不得不吞下两口，然后才加上“老板”一词。提到的事例以及第二段中的”Older workers sometimes envy being managed by a younger colleague. Precocious youngsters, too, can feel awkward about bossing their elders around. But in Germany a shortage of skilled workers means that such situations are becoming even more common.“年长的员工有时会羡慕被年轻的同事管理。早熟的年轻人也会因为对长辈颐指气使而感到尴尬。但在德国，熟练工人的短缺意味着这种情况变得更加普遍。对第一段的现象进行解释说明，可知作者在第一段中提到了一个年轻的德国经理和他的经历是为了引入主题。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的”15-to-24-year-olds has fallen by ten percent since the 1980s, says the German Federal Employment Agency. Firms competing to hire young talent have to promote them earlier as a result.“德国联邦职业介绍所表示，自上世纪80年代以来，15至24岁的年轻人数量下降了10%。因此，竞相雇佣年轻人才的公司不得不更早地提拔他们。可知在德国有些早熟的年轻人对长辈颐指气使，这是因为公司为雇佣年轻人才的激烈竞争，导致年轻人更早地被提拔为管理人员。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的”People tend to judge their own standing by the success of their peers, and to see failure in being bossed abou t by someone younger.“人们倾向于根据同龄人的成功来判断自己的地位，并认为被年轻人左右是失败的。可知当员工被更年轻的人颐指气使的时候，他会认为自己是失败的。故选C。

（4）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的”A manager who is younger by one year is somewhat unsettling; a gap of 20 years is far more discouraging. “一个年轻一岁的经理有点让人不安；20年的差距更让人沮丧。可推知老板年龄越年轻，员工的焦虑感越明显，故可推知划线句子意思是：拥有年轻老板的员工往往会感到焦虑。故选B。

（5）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的”But young people tend to be sensitive about managing upwards. And older workers should be encouraged to see the bright side of learning new skills. Daimler, a big German car firm, says it promotes age- mixed teams, so that knowledge can be transferred between generations. It also supports young managers by asking retired employees to provide temporary support.“但年轻人往往对向上管理很敏感。应该鼓励老员工看到学习新技能的光明面。德国大型汽车公司戴姆勒表示，他们提倡年龄混合的团队，这样知识就可以在几代人之间传递。它还通过要求退休员工提供临时支持来支持年轻的管理者。结合文章主要内容围绕着德国管理者倾向年轻化的问题，主要是说明了人们应当活到老学到老，永远不会因为太年轻而无法管理。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

At one time or another in your life you have probably done origami, even if it was just making a paper airplane or something more complicated like a paper crane. The chances are that as you did it, you reflected on how inventive this traditional art is. Animals, boxes, flowers, boats: it all can be created from a single square or rectangular sheet of paper simply by folding it. No cutting, no pasting.

But did you ever stop to think how the same techniques might be applied to engineering? Equipment that could be of real practical use? Origami meets the demand for things that need to be small when transported and large when they arrive, like the everyday umbrella. In fact, origami-inspired creations have already flown in space; in 1995, Japanese engineers launched a satellite with solar panels that folded like a map.

'It's now mathematically proven that you can pretty much fold anything," says physicist Robert J. Lang, who quit his engineering job eight years ago to fold things full time. Lang, an origami

enthusiast since age six, advised a advised well-known ear manufacturer the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard. He is currently working on a space telescope lens that, if all goes according to plan, should be able to unfold to the size of a football field.

At the other end of the scale, researchers are also working on tiny folding devices that could lead to breakthroughs in medicine and computing. There's no doubt that computers of the future may contain tiny, folded motors or capacitors for faster processing and better memory.

Applications for origami engineering go further than many of us might imagine. "Some day," says MIT's Erik Demaine, "we'll build reconfigurable (可重构的) robots that can fold on their own from one thing into another, like Transformers. Too much like science fiction to be true? Maybe—though you certainly wouldn't want to bet against it."

（1）What do we know about origami?

A. It consumes lots of time.

B. It involves interesting ideas.

C. It requires complex techniques.

D. It has to do with cutting and pasting.

（2）Which of the following is an application of origami?

A. A space telescope lens can be folded to the size of an umbrella.

B. A satellite is equipped with solar panels and a folded map.

C. An airbag can be better folded into a dashboard of a car.

D. A future computer contains many huge folded motors.

（3）What is Erik Demaine's attitude towards origami engineering?

A. Hopeful

B. Doubtful.

C. Disapproving.

D. Ambiguous.

（4）In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?

A. Entertainment.

B. Culture.

C. Education.

D. Pop-science.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，折纸是一种具有创造性的传统艺术，而现在它已经被应用到技术工程领域，人们利用折纸原理创造出了很多可折叠的装置。折纸工程将在很大程度上影响未来的医药、计算机和机器人行业。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The chances are that as you did it, you reflected on how inventive this traditional art is. Animals, boxes, flowers, boats: it all can be created from a single square or rectangular sheet of paper simply by folding it. No cutting, no pasting.”可知，折纸是一个具有创造性的传统艺术，我们不用裁剪或拼贴，只通过折叠就可以把一张正方形或者三角形的纸变成动物、纸盒、花、船等东西，由此推测折纸需要有创造性的和有趣的想法。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Lang, an origami enthusiast since age six, advised a well-known ear manufacturer the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard.”可知折纸爱好者Lang向一位制造商建议了把安全气囊折叠到仪表盘中的最佳方式。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Applications for origami engineering go further than many of us might imagine”可知Erik Demaine认为折纸工程的应用远远超出了我们的想象，

由此可推测Erik Demaine对折纸工程的未来充满希望。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“in 1995, Japanese engineers launched a satellite with solar panels that folded like a map.”；第三段中的“Lang, an origami enthusiast since age six, advised a advised well-known ear manufacturer the best way to fold an airbag into a dashboard.”；第四段中的“There's no doubt that computers of the future may contain tiny, folded motors or capacitors for faster processing and better memory. ”和第五段中的“‘Some day,’ says MIT's Erik Demaine, ‘we'll build reconfigurable (可重构的) robots that can fold on their own from one thing into another, like Transformers.’”可知卫星，安全气囊的折叠，未来电脑的发展和未来可重构机器人，这些都和科学技术相关，故推测本文很有可能出现在报纸的科学板块。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Effective Friday, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (SAG-AFTRA) has declared a strike against 11 video game publishers over games that went into production after Feb. 17, 2015. The companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry, like Electronic Arts Productions, Insomniac Games, Activision and Disney.

The strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the Interactive Media Agreement expired in late 2014. Overall, the strike is an effort to provide more secondary compensation along with other concerns, such as transparency upon hiring talent and on-set (制作中) safety precautions.

The video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years. The Los Angeles Times reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash flow. In 2015, gaming produced $23.5 billion in domestic revenue.

But SAG-AFTRA says voice actors don't receive residuals (追加酬金) for their gaming work. Instead, they receive a fixed rate, which is typically about $825 for a standard four-hour vocal session. So the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation—a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million.

"It's a very small number of games that would trigger this secondary compensation issue," said voice actor Crispin Freeman, who's a member of the union's negotiating committee. "This is an important aspect of what it means to be a freelance (从事自由职业的) performer, who isn't regularly enjoyed every single day working on projects."

Another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry. "I can't imagine if there's any other acting job in the world where you don't know what show you're in, when you're hired," says voice actor Keythe Farley, who chairs the SAG-AFTRA negotiating committee.

"And yet that happens every day in the video game world," Farley told reporters during a press conference Friday. "I was a main character in Fallout 4, a character by the name of Kellogg, and I never knew that I was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year and a half."

Scott Witlin, the lawyer representing the video game companies, says voice actors "represent

less than one tenth of l percent of the work that goes into making a video game." So "even though they're the top craftsmen in their field," Witlin says, "if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the 99.9 percent of the work, that's going to create far more problems for the video game companies."

（1）Why did SAG-AFTRA declare a strike against some video game publishers?

A. It had been cheated repeatedly in the 19 months of talks.

B. The labor contract between them had been violated.

C. The negotiations between them had broken down.

D. Its appeal to renegotiate the contract had been rejected.

（2）What do we learn from the passage about the video gaming industry?

A. It has invested a lot in its domestic market.

B. It has attracted many famous voice actors.

C. It has become more open and transparent.

D. It has gained huge profits in recent years.

（3）What are the voice actors demanding?

A. Extra pay based on sales revenues.

B. A non-discriminatory contract.

C. A limit on the maximum work hours.

D. More regular employment.

（4）What does Keythe Farley say about voice actors?

A. They are not paid on a regular basis.

B. They are kept in the dark about many details of their job.

C. They are discriminated against in the gaming industry.

D. They are not employed full-time.

（5）What is the argument of lawyer Scott Witlin?

A. Changing the pay system would cause the industry more problems.

B. Paying voice actors on an hourly basis is in fine with the law.

C. Voice actors should have a pay raise if they prove to be top craftsmen.

D. Voice actors are mere craftsmen, not professional performers.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

（5）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国演员工会针对配音演员酬劳协商无果的问题进行了罢工。近年来美国游戏行业快速发展，游戏公司从中获得巨大利润，但配音演员的酬劳却一直维持不变，故他们希望可以按照游戏销售量获得额外的报酬。但律师认为如果改变声音演员的报酬系统，游戏公司将会面临更多的问题，因为他们只做了其中少之又少的工作。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”The strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the Interactive Media Agreement expired in late 2014.“可知，由于为期19个月的谈判没有成功，SAG-AFTRA决定采取罢工来对抗一些游戏制作公司。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”The video gaming industry has ballooned in recent

years. In 2015, gaming produced $23.5 billion in domestic revenue.“可知，近几年游戏行业发展迅速，2015年游戏行业创造了235亿美元的国内总收入。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的”So the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation---a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million.“可知，配音演员要求得到额外的补偿——每款游戏卖出200万份拷贝或下载，或者拥有200万订阅者（最高800万），配音演员可以得到一份表演奖金，即配音演员希望按游戏销售量得到额外的报酬。故选A。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“’I can't imagine if there's any other acting job in the world where you don't know what show you're in, when you're hired,‘ says voice actor”可知，Keythe Farley说配音演员在被雇佣时不知道自己在演什么角色，即她认为他们在被雇佣时不知道和工作相关的信息。故选B。

（5）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the 99.9 percent of the work, that's going to create far more problems for the video game companies”可知，Scott Witlin认为，改变配音演员的酬劳体系会给游戏公司带来更多的问题，因为他们只做了其中0.1%的工作。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

The age of adulthood is by definition arbitrary. If everyone matured at the same, fixed rate, it wouldn't be a human process. Indeed, maturation happens at varying speeds across different categories within the same individual, so I'd say I was easily old enough to vote at 16, but nobody should have given me a credit card until I was 32, and I've got the county court judgment to prove it.

However, we broadly agree that there's a difference between a child and an adult, even if we might argue about the transition point. So the political theorist David Runciman's view that six-year-olds should be allowed to vote goes against any standard argument about the age of civic responsibility. Nobody would say that a six-year-old could be held criminally responsible, could be sent to war, could be capable of consent, could be given responsibility for anything. So allowing them the vote—along with, unavoidably, seven-year-olds who are even sillier, if anything—is quite an amusing proposal.

Runciman's argument is that this is the only way to rebalance political life, which is currently twisted in favor of the old, who don't (he added) ever need to demonstrate mental capacity, even long after they've lost it.

The first part of his case is self-evident: pensions are protected while children's centers are closed, concepts such as sovereignty (最高权威) are prioritized over the far more urgent business of the future: climate change. Nostalgia (怀念) for a past the young wouldn't even recognize plays a central role, which is completely unfair.

Most of the arguments against giving six-year-olds a vote are that children would end up voting

for something damaging and chaotic, if someone made unrealistic promises to them, which could never be realized. Well, it's not children's fault.

Having said that, children do tend towards the progressive, having a natural sense of justice (which kicks in at the age of six months, psychologists have shown, by creating scenes of great unfairness to babies, and making them cry) and an underdeveloped sense of self-interest. My kid, when he was six, made quite a forceful case against private property, on the basis that, since everybody needed a house, they shouldn't cost money, because nobody would want anyone else not to have one. Also, food should be free. It was a kind of pre-Marx communism, where you limit the coverage of the market to only those things that you wouldn't mind someone else not having.

On that particular day, when we were registered as voters, my kid was quite far to the left of me, but in the normal run of things, we're united, which brings us to the point of the problem: children obey you on almost nothing, but they do seem to believe in your politics until they're adolescent. So giving kids the vote is really just a way of giving parents extra votes. And what can stop us having even more children, once there's so much enfranchisement (选举权) in it for us? Now, if parents could be trusted to use their influence wisely, and hammer into children the politics it will take to assure a better future, then I wouldn't necessarily have a problem with that, apart from, obviously, that culture is already wildly twisted towards parents, and I can imagine a few non-parents boiling with fierce anger. But that's not worth talking about anyway, because parents can't be trusted, otherwise we'd all already vote Green(绿党).

In short: no, six-year-olds should not get the vote; but while we're here, if any votes come up in the near future, which will have an impact on the next five decades of British political life, alongside EU migrants, 16-year-olds certainly should be enfranchised.

（1）The author refers to his age of adulthood to prove that ________.

A. certain rights are granted at different stages of life

B. there's a common standard for the age of adulthood

C. people mature at different rates in various aspects

D. a credit card is more difficult to get than the vote

（2）People reject David Runciman's proposal because ________.

A. they believe children are far from mature in many ways

B. they are uncertain whether children can assume responsibility

C. they know the age to get the vote is not to be questioned

D. they don't think a child can grow into adulthood earlier

（3）What is the base for David Runciman's argument?

A. Public ignorance of children's abilities.

B. Inequalities of opportunity.

C. A cultural preference for the old.

D. The imbalance in political life.

（4）The author talks about his kid to indicate that ________.

A. children are in favor of a just society and tend to be idealistic

B. children are innocent and don't want to be involved in politics

C. children are simple-minded and can fall for an adult's trick

D. children are good-natured and like to help people in need

（5）The author thinks allowing children the vote may lead to ________.

A. twisted culture

B. parents' objections

C. misuse of rights

D. unusual maturation （6）What is the main point of the passage?

A. There is a difference between adults and children.

B. Allowing children the vote is not altogether absurd.

C. The definition of adulthood is quite controversial.

D. Parents should introduce politics to their children.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

（4）A

（5）C

（6）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了儿童成熟的速度是不同，所以作者认为允许儿童投票的提议并不完全是荒谬的，如果将对未来50年的英国政治生活产生影响，16岁的孩子应该被授予选举权。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Indeed, maturation happens at varying speeds across different categories within the same individual, so I'd say I was easily old enough to vote at 16, but nobody should have given me a credit card until I was 32, and I've got the county court judgme nt to prove it.”可知，作者以他的成熟年龄来证明人们在各个方面的成熟速度是不一样的。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Nobody would say that a six-year-old could be held criminally responsible, could be sent to war, could be capable of consent, could be given responsibility for anything.”没人说6岁的孩子会被追究刑事责任，会被送上战场，会有同意的能力，会被赋予任何责任。由此推断，人们拒绝David Runciman的提议是因为他们认为孩子在很多方面还不够成熟，不能被赋予相应的责任。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Runciman's argument is that this is the only way to rebalance political life”可知，Runciman论点的基础是，这是重新平衡政治生活的唯一途径，即政治生活的不平衡导致他提出这个提议。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第四段中的“My kid, when he was six, made quite a forceful case against private property, on the basis that, since everybody needed a house, they shouldn't cost money, because nobody would want anyone else not to have one. Also, food should be free. It was a kind of pre-Marx communism, where you limit the coverage of the market to only those things that you wouldn't mind someone else not having.”可知，孩子反对私有财产，因为他们觉得每个人需要房子，他们不应该花钱买房，此外食物也应该是免费的，这是一种前马克思共产主义的想法，由此可推测孩子更加公平，更期待理想社会。故选A。

（5）考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的“So giv ing kids the vote is really just a way of giving parents extra votes.”可知，给孩子投票权其实只是给父母额外投票权的一种方式，由此推断作者认为给孩子投票权可能会导致投票权的滥用。故选C。

（6）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段“In short: no, six-year-olds should not get the vote; but

while we're here, if any votes come up in the near future, which will have an impact on the next five decades of British political life, alongside EU migrants, 16-year-olds certainly should be enfranchised.”可知，作者认为6岁的孩子不应该获得选举权，但是如果将来有任何会影响英国以及欧盟移民未来50年政治生活的投票出现话，16岁的孩子应该被赋予选举权，由此可知作者认为儿童被赋予选举权并不完全是荒谬的。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

I have three kids and a great husband and I'm enjoying a career that I find challenging and fun. This feels like "Success" to the outside world. But there is still a voice in my heart asking if this is who I truly am. Only in silence do I hear the self and wonder who that person might be.

So I booked a trip to find out. I travelled, for the first time, without my husband or kids. I went to Iceland with a friend, who shares an appreciation for wilderness and silence.

For six days, we were immersed in wild, raw scenery and real weather—all kinds of weather. Climbing a mountain against rain and returning to a tent for a simple meal reminds you how little you actually need. And how strong it feels to be uncomfortable sometimes.

I found silence in Iceland，and time to consider the me outside of career and the me outside of kids as I shared stories with strangers.

When I stopped talking and just listened，I became more generous. I 1earned that choosing to be generous can create more space, more food and more warmth.

But I didn't really gain any better appreciation of what I want from life or my job. I suspect the anxiety that drove me to seek silence in Iceland was losing sight of my ability to choose gratitude and joy，and to be present in the challenges I set in my career and my family.

I came home to noise，rush and love; with no less confusion on who I want to be. I know the answer isn't waiting out there on the top of a mountain in Iceland. The answer is in front of me with every step on my own 1ife's path, and in every choice I make.

（1）Why did the author take a trip to Iceland?

A. To gain a new experience.

B. To enjoy family happiness.

C. To better understand herself.

D. To appreciate natural beauty.

（2）Which word can best describe the author's trip?

A. Puzzling

B. Thrilling

C. Relaxing

D. Demanding

（3）What change happened to the author after the trip?

A. She became more positive

B. She became more energetic

C. She became even lonelier

D. She became more anxious

（4）What will the author do in the future?

A. Withdraw back to nature.

B. Embrace reality bravely.

C. Travel to Iceland more often.

D. Pay less attention to her feelings.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，为了寻找真正的自我，作者踏上了冰岛之旅。回来之后，她意识到答案不在遥远的冰岛，而在平平淡淡的日常生活和工作中。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段和第二段中的“But there is still a voice in my heart asking if this is who I truly am. Only in silence do I hear the self and wonder who that person might be. So I booked a trip to find out.”可知作者心里一直有疑问，那就是"我是真正的自己吗？"，所以作者预定了旅行去寻找答案，即她去冰岛旅行的目的是寻找真正的自我，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Climbing a mountain against rain and returning to a tent for a simple meal reminds you how little you actually need. And how strong it feels to be uncomfortable sometimes. ”可知作者在冰岛旅行时冒雨爬山，饮食简单，并且体验到了种种不适，故推测作者的旅行是艰苦的，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“with no less confusion on who I want to be. 和 The answer is in front of me with every step on my own 1ife's path, and in every choice I make. ”可知作者不再困惑，她知道真正自我的答案就在日常生活中，就在她所做出的每个选择中，故推测作者旅行回来后变乐观了。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“I suspect the anxiety that drove me to seek silence in Iceland was losing sight of my ability to choose gratitude and joy，and to be present in the challenges I set in my career and my family. ”可知作者怀疑驱使她去冰岛的焦虑正在让她失去选择感恩和快乐的能力，也让她看不到在家庭和事业中的挑战。故推测作者以后不会逃避生活，并且能够勇敢面对生活中暂时的困惑。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Idioms are one of the hardest parts of learning a language. For those of you who don't know, an idiom is a phrase which has a meaning, but the meaning is not clear from the words themselves. If you translate an idiom word for word, it sometimes makes no sense at all. They are like puzzles and even native speakers can get confused when someone uses a phrase that they've never heard of.

With that in mind, here are five common English idioms that you can use in a variety of Situations.

⒈Get your act together (Meaning: you need to improve your behaviour/work)

This might be something your teacher says to you if you score badly in an exam or if you misbehave in class. You can also use it to talk about people in general. For example, if your friend is being mean or nasty for no reason, then you can tell them that they need to get their act together.

⒉Pull yourself together (Meaning: calm down)

This is a somewhat impolite way of telling someone that they are overreacting and that they need to relax. Only use this if you think the person you are speaking to is getting upset over

something insignificant. If your friend tells you that their close relative has died, it is NOT the time to tell them to pull themselves together.

⒊I'm feeling under the weather (Meaning: I'm sick)

Yes, it's longer and more difficult to say than 'I'm sick', but if your English teacher asks you why you haven't done your homework, he or she is more likely to forgive you if you say that you were feeling under the weather. You may not have done your English homework, but your teacher might be impressed that you know how to make eloquent excuses in a foreign language.

⒋It's a piece of cake (Meaning: it's easy)

I don't know why this means what it does, but sometimes you just have to accept that English people use weird phrases.

⒌Break a leg (Meaning: good luck!)

This is perhaps one of the most confusing yet well-known English idioms. If someone says this to you, do not take offence or think they are threatening you; they are just wishing you luck. It is most often used for people wishing success to actors and actresses before they perform on the stage, but it can be said in other situations, too.

All in all, learning a new language can be challenging. It's definitely not a piece of cake, especially when there are so many confusing idioms. However, with enough hard work and interest, you will succeed in no time. Break a leg!

（1）Which idiom is proper for you to say to your worried classmate who is to take part in the 800-metre race at the school sports meet?

A.Get your act together.

B.Pull yourself together.

C.Break a leg.

D.It's a piece of cake.

（2）How should you respond when you hear your deskmate say, "I am feeling under the weather."

A."What's wrong with you?"

B."Don't worry. Let's call 120."

C."Get up and finish your homework."

D."Why don't you take an umbrella with you?"

（3）According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about idioms?

A.They sometimes make no sense at all.

B.Native speakers have trouble understanding idioms sometimes.

C.Idioms are the hardest part of learning a language.

D.We can guess the meaning of an idiom from the words in it.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，习语是学习语言最困难的部分之一，作者列举了五个常见习语的用法。

（1）考查推理判断。根据It's a piece of cake (Meaning: it's easy)意思是很容易，可知可以表

达你对即将参加800米比赛的同学的担忧，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据I'm feeling under the weather (Meaning: I'm sick)可知，当你听到你的同桌说“我感觉不舒服”时，你该怎样回答。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“They are like puzzles and even native speakers can get confused when someone uses a phr ase that they've never heard of.”它们就像谜题一样，当有人使用他们从未听说过的短语时，甚至以英语为母语的人也会感到困惑。可知选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Recently, as the British doctor Robert Winston took a train from London to Manchester, he found himself becoming steadily angry. A woman had picked up her phone and begun a loud conversation, which would last an unbelievable hour. Furious, Winston began to tweet about the woman. He took her picture and sent it to his more than 40,000 followers.

When the train arrived at its destination, Winston rushed out. He'd had enough of the woman's rudeness. But the press were now waiting for her on the platform. And when they showed her Winston's messages, she used just one word to describe Winston's actions: rude.

Winston's tale is something of a microcosm(缩影) of our age of increasing rudeness, fueled by social media. What can we do to fix this?

Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly, almost like the common cold. Just witnessing rudeness makes it far more likely that we, in turn, will be rude later on. The only way to avoid it is to deal with it face to face. We must say, "Just stop." For Winston, that would have meant approaching the woman, telling her that her conversation was frustrating other passengers and politely asking her to speak more quietly or make the call at another time.

The rage and injustice we feel at the rude behavior of a stranger can drive us to do odd things. In my own research, surveying 2,000 adults, I discovered that the acts of revenge people had taken ranged from the ridiculous to the disturbing. Winston did shine a spotlight on the woman's behavior — but from afar, in a way that shamed her.

We must instead combat rudeness head on. When we see it occur in a store, we must step up and say something. If it happens to a colleague, we must point it out. We must defend strangers in the same way we'd defend our best friends. But we can do it with grace, by handling it without a trace of aggression and without being rude ourselves. Because once rude people can see their actions through the eyes of others, they are far more likely to end that strain themselves. As this tide of rudeness rises, civilization needs civility.

（1）What can you learn about Robert Winston from the passage?

A. He knows how to speak to rude people.

B. He behaved improperly and spoke loudly on the train.

C. He lost his temper due to other people's rudeness.

D. He reacted to a woman's rude behavior wrongly.

（2）What does "fueled by social media" mean in Paragraph 3?

A. Rude behavior is common on social media.

B. Rudeness can be avoided through social media.

C. People can easily get away through social media.

D. Social media may spread and cause rudeness.

（3）According to the writer, how should you respond when you meet rude people?

A. Record them and post it on the Internet.

B. Point it out in a polite and skillful way.

C. Do nothing but wait for other people to fix it.

D. Pay them back by doing equally disturbing things.

（4）Which of the following statement is true about the last paragraph?

A. We can only point out rudeness from familiar people.

B. Rudeness and manners can hardly coexist in civilized society.

C. Both strangers and acquaintances deserve our friendly warning.

D. Rude people can't see their rudeness through others' eyes.

【答案】（1）D

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过温斯特对打电话这位粗鲁的女士曝光在媒体上的不当行为，提出了我们要用礼貌而巧妙的方式指出来生活中粗鲁的行为。（1）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Winston did shine a spotlight on the woman's behavior —but from afar, in a way that shamed her. ”温斯顿确实把聚光灯对准了那个女人的行为——但从长远看，这是方式一种让她蒙羞。可推出，作者认为温斯顿的做法不正确。故选D。（2）考查句义猜测。根据第三段中的“Winston's tale is something of a microcosm(缩影) of our age of increasing rudeness”可知作者描述这个时代越来越粗鲁；再根据第四段中的“Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly, almost like the common cold. ”研究表明，粗鲁行为传播迅速，就像普通感冒一样。可知作者认为粗鲁行为传播很快。因此此处fuel 意为“加速”之意，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“But we can do it with grace, by handling it without a trace of aggression and without being rude ourselves. ”但我们可以优雅地做到这一点，处理它时不带一丝侵略性，自己也不粗鲁。可知，作者认为我们可以礼貌而巧妙的方式指出来粗鲁的行为和人。故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“We must defend strangers in the same way we'd defend our best friends. ”我们必须保护陌生人，就像保护我们最好的朋友一样。可知选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

I took a journey to New York, US several months ago. It was the first time I had been abroad. It was also the first time I had taken a trip by myself. I had great enthusiasm and high hopes, and I

wasn't let down.

It's hard to describe how I felt when I arrived at the airport in New York. Looking at people of different races and nationalities passing by and hearing different languages all around me, I couldn't say anything for a long time. I had never understood the cultural diversity of the US so clearly and closely before.

The following days were even more impressive. We integrated(融入)into the forest of concrete and cement(混凝土和水泥). We waved to the Statue of Liberty; we looked down at the busy island of Manhattan; we looked at well-known universities—Harvard of ancient Egypt.

Then we visited some well-known university—Harvard, Yale, Princeton and Columbia—each with its own appealing and time-honored history. But what all these universities have in common is their peaceful academic atmospheres witch you could feel everywhere. I was impressed by the libraries, decorated just like cathedrals(教堂), and the laboratories just next to the classroom. My dream is to return to those places as an international student.

Finally came our destinations—the Model United Nations conference at the University of Chicago. Students from various countries arrived to act as United Nations delegations and share their opinions about global issues.

As a non-native speaker, I felt that competing against native speakers was a very tough task. But it was also a rare change to improve my English and I couldn't throw it away. With perseverance and devotion. I got used to talking to other delegations naturally. Although I didn't win any awards, the chairman praised me at the closing ceremony for my excellent performance. That made me feel really proud.

This trip brought me unforgettable and valuable experiences that will benefit me forever. （1）What is the main purpose of the author's going to America?

A. To see some places of interest.

B. To visit some well-known universities.

C. To attend a competition at a university.

D. To learn about the cultural diversity there.（2）How did the author feel when he/she saw the cultural diversity of the US?

A. Regretful.

B. Amazed.

C. Peaceful.

D. Confident.

（3）What is the author's wish in the future?

A. To work for the United Nations.

B. To tour more countries in the world.

C. To have a job in the United States.

D. To study in the famous universities in America.（4）Why did the author feel proud?

A. He won an award in the competition.

B. He was praised by the chairman.

C. He could persuade others to accept his opinions.

D. He could speak English well at the conference.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者去美国参加在一所大学里举行的比赛，对美国文化的多元化感到惊讶。作者虽然没有获奖，但他被主席表扬因而感到自豪。作者最大的

愿望是在美国大学里学习。

（1）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Finally came our destinations—the Model United Nations conference at the University of Chicago. Students from various countries arrived to act as United Nations delegations and share their opinions about global issues.” 和倒数第一段中的“As a non-native speaker, I felt that competing against native speakers was a very tough task. ”可知，作者来美国的目的是为了在一所大学参加比赛。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Looking at people of different races and nationalities passing by and hearing different languages all around me, I couldn't say anything for a long time. I had never understood the cultural diversity of the US so clearly and closely before. ”可知，作者看到美国文化的多元化时感到惊讶。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“ My dream is to return to those places as an international student. ”可知，作者最大的愿望是在美国大学里学习。故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Although I didn't win any awards, the chairman praised me at the closing ceremony for my excellent performance. That made me feel really proud.” 可知，他被主席表扬因而感到自豪。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Camper Lunch Program

We are pleased to offer the Camper Lunch Program for full-day campers or campers participating in both morning and afternoon half-day camps.

Lunch at the Overlake School

At the Overlake School in Redmond, you can sign up for lunch at the time of registration. Lunch is provided by the school cafeteria including a hot main dish and a salad bar option. Limited diet restrictions can be accommodated in advance. All orders or cancellations must be made by 4:00 pm on Wednesday.

$ 40 for 5-day camp week

$ 32 for 4-day camp week

Lunch at View Seattle

Two weeks before your camp start date, you will receive a link in your confirmation email to choose your preference between the regular and vegetarian(素的)lunch menus. Besides, camper with allergies or sensitivities are encouraged to bring their own lunch.

$ 40 for 5-day camp week

$ 38 for 4-day camp week

Lunch at St. Thomas School

At St. Thomas School, lunch and snacks are provided by SAGE Dining. Lunch includes a hot main dish, a salad bar and sandwich options. Campers also receive two snacks per day.

$ 50 for 5-day camp week

$45 for 4-day camp week

Lunch at Pacific Science Center

At Pacific Science Center, you can sign up at the time of registration. Lunch is provided by our very own Pacific Science Center Cafe. Every day, standard and vegetarian lunch menus are available and come with a water bottle and two snacks. All orders or cancellations must be made by 4:00 pm on Wednesday.

$ 45 for 5-day camp week

$ 36 for 4-day camp week

（1）Which program can a camper with a budget of $ 35 choose?

A.Lunch at the Overlake School.

B.Lunch at View Seattle.

C.Lunch at St. Thomas School.

D.Lunch at Pacific Science Center.

（2）What are campers for Lunch at View Seattle required to do?

A.Stay far away from anything with allergies.

B.Choose their lunch preferences in advance.

C.Avoid bringing their own lunch for any reason.

D.Send emails to offer advice on improving lunch.

（3）What do the last two programs have in common?

A.They receive registrations only on Wednesday.

B.They encourage campers to bring some snacks.

C.They are mainly intended for vegetarian campers.

D.They provide campers with two snacks each day.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，向露营者介绍了一些午餐项目的相关信息。

（1）考查细节理解。对比四个项目的价格可知,预算是35美元的露营者只能选择Lunch at the Overlake School这个项目。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据 Lunch at ViewSeattle 部分中的“Two weeks before your camp start date, you will receive a link in your confirmation email to choose your preference between the regular and vegetarian(素的) lunchmenus. ”可知，Lunch at View Seattle 这个项目的露营者需要提前选择自己的午餐偏好。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据Lunch at St. Thomas School部分中的“Campers also receive two snacks pe r day. ”和Lunch at Pacific Science Center部分中的“Every day，standard and vegetarian lunch menus are available and come with a water bottle and two snacks. ”可知，两个项目的共同之处是它们每天给露营者提供两顿零食。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

As we know, Julian Beever is an international well-known sidewalk chalk artist whose drawings

have appeared on the streets of London, Buenos Aires, Paris, New York, and countless other cities around the world. Beever creates drawings that look completely three- dimensional when seen from the correct angle.

Now, in his book, Pavement chalk artist: The three-dimensional drawings of Julian Beever, the artist shares some of his most fascinating and humorous pieces, Here are a few examples you'll find in the book.

●Philadelphia eagle

In Pennsylvania, Beever created "Philadelphiaeagle" a huge drawing with an eagle landing successfully on an American national flag.

●Meeting Mr. Frog

"Meeting Mr. Frog" was created in Salamanca, Spain, and is about a realistic-looking frog sitting on a Lily pad.

Swimming pool in the high street

My personal favorite is "Swimming pool in the high street" from Brussels, which is about a woman relaxing in a swimming pool-----a swimming pool sunk into the middle of the street, that is!

Along with an introduction about his background, Beever includes a description of the techniques he used and the challenges he overcame with every drawing. He shares information about his time at home in the UK. and abroad; there is a fun story to back up each piece of art.

Beever's artwork is truly jaw dropping. You're sure to spend ages turning the leaves back and forth, surprised at how one man can create what looks like a three-dimensional design on a flat surface with just a bit of chalk. From animals to superheroes to famous buildings, the paintings are a wonder to lay eyes on.

Payment chalk artist: The three-dimensional drawings of Julian Beever is surely worth a look. And another look. This 112-page hardcover book is available now from Firefly Books at a list price of $ 29.95

（1）What do we know about the book mentioned in the text?

A. It has a paper cover.

B. It hasn't been published.

C. It includes some drawing techniques.

D. It's a biography of Julian Beever.

（2）What does the underlined part "jaw dropping" most probably mean?

A. Romantic.

B. Amazing.

C. Frightening

D. Depressing.

（3）We can infer that the text is ______.

A. a book review

B. a description of street art

C. an advertisement for a new book

D. an introduction to an artist

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文， Julian Beever是一个国际知名的粉笔艺术家，他的三维绘画作品已经出现在伦敦，布宜诺斯艾利斯，巴黎，纽约，和世界各地的无数城市的街头。而在他的新书中这位艺术家也和读者分享了一些他最迷人的和幽默的作品。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“in his book, Pavement chalk artist: The three-dimensional drawings of Julian Beever, the artist shares some of his most fascinating and humorous pieces”, 可知J ulian Beever以绘画而闻名，而他的书中也涵盖了一些他的作品，选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据倒数第二段中的“You're sure to spend ages turning the leaves back and forth, surprised at how one man can create what looks like a three-dimensional design on a flat surface with just a bit of chalk”可知读者会惊讶于逼真的三维设计，会反复地翻看，由此判断选B。

（3）考查推理判断。文章开头介绍了著名的画家，然后通篇介绍他的新书内容，而且文章最后还介绍了书的价格以及去哪里可以购买到此书，由此判断该文是一篇介绍书的广告，选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

Nhon Ly, a 55-year-old Vietnamese-born professional bodybuilder from California has been awarded the "real-life Master Roshi" for his unbelievable similarity to the popular Dragon Ball Z anime(日本动漫) character.

Ly certainly doesn't look like any other typical 55-year-old man. In fact, he looks a lot better than most guys in their 20s, with his lean(瘦且健康的), strong muscles and youthful attitude. But he's absolutely not the only 50-something man who has the strong muscle in the world. What really sets Nhon Ly apart from all the rest is his unbelievable similarity to Dragon Ball Z character