托福ogtest2——greenicebergs原文翻译解析

托福ogtest2——greenicebergs原文翻译解析
托福ogtest2——greenicebergs原文翻译解析

绿色冰山

冰山就是巨大的冰块,它们的形状各不规则;他们在海面上所呈现出来的部分大概只有总量的12%。冰山是由冰川----从格陵兰岛, 南极洲, 和阿拉斯加的内陆降雪开始积累成为大河中的冰----然后缓慢流入海洋。向前的移动,在进入海洋的时候冰川底部的融化,和波浪与潮汐变化造成了冰块的断裂从而漂浮在海上。

冰山的颜色一般是从蓝到白,虽然有时会因为他们带有砂砾和石块而显得颜色很深或不透明。在不同情况的光和云量下,它们的颜色呈现可能会随之不同,如在早晨和傍晚的阳光下所呈现的耀眼的粉色或金色,但这个颜色变化大致与太阳位于海平面上的低角度有关。不管怎样,总会有到南极洲的旅游者们报告说在Weddell Sea看到了绿冰山,南极洲东部Amery Ice Shelf的附近则更为常见。

对于绿冰山的颜色的一个解释是由于纯冰被接近海平面的太阳所照射而造成的错觉,但是绿冰山在很多不同状态的阳光下都能从白色和蓝色冰山中区分出来。另一个解释就是,它的颜色可能与冰里面所含高浓度的金属化合物有关,比如铜和铁。进来的探险队从南极洲的冰架上带回了一些绿色冰山和冰核的样本----到达深度的垂直圆柱型的冰的样本。对这些冰核和样本的分析给问题提供了一个不一样的解决方法。

215米长的冰架核已经足够用来穿透由压缩的雪组成,并含有气泡的流动冰,并随后穿透在流动冰的底部由冻结的海水形成的清透的没有气泡的冰。这个清透的冰的性质与绿冰山上的冰十分相似。科学家总结出,绿冰的构成是在两层的架冰分开并翻转过来时,暴露出的没有气泡的海水冰。

一个在Amery Ice Shelf西部滞留的绿冰山呈现出了两个明显的层:含有气泡的白蓝色冰,和没有气泡的绿色冰,它们中间是由1米长的带有沉积物的冰分隔开的。海水的侵蚀决定了绿色冰的质地。由于光的分散,裂痕处的颜色是浅绿的;而没有裂痕的地方是深绿色。绿色冰中是没有气泡的,因为它是由冻结的海水所构成,而不是压缩的雪。沿着这个地区冰架的边缘,可以发现,带有绿色色素的单细胞生物非常多,而且海水里面含有它们丰富的分解有机物质。绿冰山虽没有包含很多这些生物体的微粒,但从海水中所积累的分解有机物质还是很多的。不同于盐,分解有机物质并没有在结冰过程中被排除掉。分析表明,分解的有机物质会从太阳光中吸收足够的蓝波段,从而使冰呈现出绿色。

化学证据表明冰的小盘(微小的平面部分)是在水中构成,然后共生并附着在冰架底部形成一个slush (部分融化的雪)。Slush被一种未知的原理压缩成冰,而这种固体,没有气泡的冰形成于可溶解的有机物质多的水。当冰山从冰架上分离并翻转过来时,绿色冰便呈现出来了。

GREEN ICEBERG

1. 排除法,第一句说irregular shape,所以A正确,不选;第一句还说12% above sea surface,所以C说反,选;最后一句说了B和D两个答案,对,不选

2. 以dark or opaque做关键词定位至第一句,because后面是原因,很明显答案是B

3. 原句主要关系是转折,也就是绿色iceberg不是因为光照的原因,D非常好地重复了这个结构和意思,正确。but之后是作者的真实意图,A说反了,错;B缺了一大部分重要信息,错;C把but之前的一部分内容搬到了but后,改变了原句的结构,错

4. penetrate穿透,刺透,所以B的pierce正确。原句说足够长怎么样有气泡的冰川冰并且continue into没有气泡的冰,如果是A收集C融化D忍受就跟之前的足够长没有关系了

5. 以glacial ic做关键词定位至第一句,glacial ice后面的破折号明显是对其形成原因的解释,A是正确答案

6. 以scientist做关键词定位至最后一句,这句话是科学家们下的一个结论,而这个结论的根据在之前的句子,说冰架底部的这些海冰的性质与形成绿色冰山的并非常相似,然后就接着说科学家通过这个下了结论,所以D正确

7. 修辞目的题,这句话本身是个例子,而且之前的话也是个例子,所以推测这段的细节可能在支持比这段更远的内容。A/B/D本身都是细节,而细节的出现不可能是为了支持其他细节,何况这些选项的内容原文都没有说到,所以都错。正确答案C,上一段有说上下两层颠倒,形成绿色冰山的冰与冰架底层的bubble-free的冰相似,底层的东西会受到erosion,所以才有了题里的那个细节。

8. accumulate沉积,聚集,所以A的collect正确。原文说冰怎么样了海水中的溶解有机物,前文说没有颗粒有机物,所以应该是有溶解有机物,C释放明显说反,不对;D覆盖不靠谱;要么就是A收集聚集要么就是B冻住,剩下的靠认识吧

9. exclude排除,不包括,所以kept out正确。想到include包含,ex意思是外,也能猜到答案。上题都说了溶解有机物是有的,所以not excluded就应该是有,exclude就应该是没有,D有,说反;B压缩C毁坏都不靠谱

10. accrete附着,共生,所以come together正确。原文说笑的冰晶在水中形成之后,怎么样并且附着在冰架底部去形成snow,这个accrete应该和stick to能够并列,advance 提升进步,transfer传递转移,还有flatten out变扁平都不靠谱

11. 注意,这道题是考全文的,比较难找!排除法,A选项在第一段最后一句,正确,不选;B选项在第四段最后一句有提到,但这段没给出为什么capsize,所以原文没有对这个问题给出解释,错,选;C选项原文整个第三段都在讲,所以正确,不选;D选项对应第五段的第五六两句,正确,不选

12. 这道题也是考全文的,所以不要纠结与前面的那一段文字,要整个找!原文第一次出现Amery Ice Shelf在第二段的最后,说的是more commonly看到绿色冰山,不是only,A错;B和C都在说Amery这地方为什么有绿色冰山,2-1-1原则啊,而且这两个答案是相对的答案,所以可能有一个对,对这种比较恶心的题,我们也应当采用恶心的方法,比如见到only先不看之类的。C在第五段一直在说,所以正确;第三段的倒数第三句提到B答案,但紧接着就说一个different solution,就是这个解释不对,所以B错;D原文没说,不选

13. 待插入句说科学家产生了分歧,所以后面就应该出现两个或者两个以上的观点,明显答案是B,one……another,而且后面的两个解释分别对应了待插入句中的light conditions和something in the ice itself

14. ice cores were选项和原文第三段末尾给出的信息相反,说绿色冰山不是因为其中含有金属,不选

all ice shelves选项后半句对应原文最后一段第一句,前半句没说,不选

green icebergs from选项对应原文第四段最后一句,正确

ice cores and选项对应原文第五段首句,正确

green icebergs are选项原文没说,不选

in选项对应原文第五段的最后三句,正确

托福写作的高分表达方法

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托福写作翻译句子练习

托福写作翻译句子练习集团文件发布号:(9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-

1. 旅游业不但给政府带来税收而且给很多人提供了就业机会。 2. 赌博不但对健康有害,而且会影响家庭和睦。 3. 打工不但能让学生赚零花钱,而且还能让他们学到人际交往的能力。 4. 现在很多学校的校服不但贵,而且还难看,质量不好。 5. 政府不但要多建一些公路,还要鼓励人们多使用公交车。 6. 老人们既不需要很多的钱,也不需要很大的房子,他们最需要的是子女的关心和照顾。 7. 我喜欢旅游,但是,我既没有钱,也没有时间。 8. 在老人院,老人既能够接受到医疗,又能够找到很多有共同话题,共同兴趣的的伙伴。 9. 缴税既是有有利于国家,也是有利于个人。因为政府的税收主要用于公共服务,这个是每个人都会受益的。 10. 打电脑游戏既浪费时间,又有害视力。

11. 打电脑游戏既能使人放松,又能锻炼大脑的灵活性,反映能力 12. 依照最近的一项调查,每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。 13. 没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。 14. 许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。 15. 无可否认,空气污染是一个极其严重的问题:城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。 16. 考虑到问题的严重性,在事态进一步恶化之前,必须采取有效的措施。 17. 尽管这一观点被广泛接受,很少有证据表明飞机会造成灾难性的污染。 18. 没有人能否认:教育是人生最重要的一方面。 19. 事实上,我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。

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