初中英语语法知识—定语从句的技巧及练习题附答案解析

初中英语语法知识—定语从句的技巧及练习题附答案解析
初中英语语法知识—定语从句的技巧及练习题附答案解析

一、选择题

1.Lily doesn’t know ________ she and her friends can do to help the little boy ________ parents have left their hometown for making money.

A.that; whose B.how; who C.what; who D.what; whose 2.Mr. White went to his hometown and visited the old house _______ he was born in. A.what B.who C.which D.it

3.Behind the Ruian Square there is ________________. We often enjoy reading books. A.a museum that is open in the day time

B.a library that has a lot of books

C.a market which sells delicious fruit

D.a restaurant which will be built in 2 years

4.—Do you know the man is talking with our teacher?

—Oh, he is Tony’s father.

A.which B.who C.whose D.what

5.-- Class, you should be thankful to those people _______ helped and supported you.

-- We will. Miss Chen.

A.which

B.whom

C.who

D.whose

6.―Do you know everybody came to the party?

―I'm afraid not. I don't know the one you had a long talk with.

A.which; that B./;whom C.that; which D.who;/ 7.The TV play is about a true story_______ happened in a small village a few years ago. A.what B.when C.where D.that

8.The film _____________ I like best is Frozen.

A.who B.where C.which

9.Yuan Longping is a Chinese scientist __________ is leading a research to develop sea rice. A.whose B.which C.who

10.The movie ______ we saw last night was fantastic.

A.that B.what C.whose D.Who 11.—The girls are talking about the music and the actors ________ were in the film last Saturday.

—It's really a fantastic film.

A.which B.who C.that D.whom 12.—Do you know the old man is talking to our head teacher?

—Yes, he’s my grandfather.

A.whom B.whose C.who D.which

13.— Do you like the weekly talk show The Readers on CCTV?

—Sure. It’s a great TV program ________ can develop the habit of reading.

A.who B.whose C.what D.that

14.This is my beautiful school _______ is near the famous library.

A.where B.which C.who D.when

15.The movie ____ I have seen twice is The Wandering Earth.

A.who B.that C.where D.when

16.I’ll tell you everything __________ I know.

A.which B.who C.that D.what

17.I still remember the college and the teachers ________ I visited in London years ago. A.what B.who C.that D.which 18.—Do you know the girl is talking with our teacher?

—Oh, she is my sister.

A.which B.what C.whose D.who

19.The boy _______won the first prize is called Joy.

A.when B.whom C.which D.who

20.You can’t imagine the difficulty I have _________ the problem.

A.solving B.solved C.to solve D.solve 21.—What kind of music do you like?

—I love all the music ______I can sing along with.()

A.which B.who C.that

22.Think of others more than yourself. A person______cares for others is popular everywhere. A.who B.which C.whom D.whose

23.–– What are you looking for?

––I’m looking for the book _______ you bought last Sunday.

A.who B.when C.that

24.— We should do something to help the students ________ are unable to go to school.—Let’s turn to Miss Green. She can always ________ any problem we face.

A.who; put out B./; work out C.who; work out D.that; put out 25.— What are you doing, Tim?

— I am listening to the song Long Live _______ makes me feel excited.

A.which B.who C./

【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除

一、选择题

1.D

【解析】

that引导宾语从句一般不充当句子成分,只起连接作用;how引导宾语从句,一般做方式状语;what引导宾语从句,做从句的逻辑主语或者宾语。句意:莉莉不知道她和她的朋友们能做什么来帮助这个小男孩,他的父母离开家乡去挣钱了。结合语境可知前文是宾语从句,what,什么,充当宾语从句谓语动词do的逻辑宾语。下文为定语从句,the little 宾语boy和parents是逻辑上的所有关系,故引导词用whose,选D。

考点:英语从句

2.C

解析:C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:White先生去了他的家乡,参观了他出生的老房子。

what什么;who谁;which哪一个;it它。根据句子结构可知,该空引导的是定语从句,修饰名词the old house,先排除A和D;先行词指物,故B不对,选C。

3.B

解析:B

【解析】

【详解】

句意:瑞安广场后面有个图书馆,里面有很多书。我们经常喜欢读书。

考查意义一致。A. a museum that is open in the day time白天开放的一个博物馆;B. a library that has a lot of books有许多书的一家图书馆;C. a market which sells delicious fruit出售美味水果的一家市场;D. a restaurant which will be built in 2 years两年以后将会建成的一家饭店。根据We often enjoy reading books.可知,我们经常在那里读书,所以那是一个图书馆,里面有好多书。故选B。

4.B

解析:B

【解析】

【详解】

句意:——你认识和我们老师说话的那个人吗?——哦,他是托尼的父亲。

which哪个;who谁;whose谁的;what什么。根据 is talking with our teacher作the man 的定语,先行词man是人物,连接词在从句中作主语,所以用连接词who或者that,结合选项,故选B。

【点睛】

定语从句用来充当句中定语的成分,被修饰的名词叫先行词,连接主从句的是关系词。关系词分:1关系代词:who , whom , whose , which , that 。2 关系副词:where,when why 等。一般的who 用于指代人的先行词,which 用来指代物的先行词,that既可指人又可指物.关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语。作宾语时可以省略,作主语时不可以省略。

5.C

【解析】

句意:——同学们,你们应该感谢那些帮助你们和支持你们的人。——陈小姐,我们会的。which引导定语从句,修饰事物,作主语、宾语和表语;whom引导定语从句,修饰人,作宾语或表语;who引导定语从句,修饰人,作主语或宾语。whose引导定语从句,修饰人或物,作定语;此处修饰先行词people,表示人,作定语从句的主语,故用who。故选C。

6.D

解析:D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

本题考查:定语从句。选项分析:which做定语从句的关系代词时指代前面的物; that 做关系代词时既可指人也可指物,who做关系代词时,指人。whom指人,但需在从句中做宾语成分。综合分析前后文及答案选项,依据前面的everybody可知后面用who作为关系代词,可知此处填who最合适,其中I don't know the one you had a long talk with.中the one 是talk with的宾语,此处可用whom引导,也可以省略关系代词。完整句意为:—Do you know everybody who came to the party? —I'm afraid not. I don't know the one you had a long talk with.—你认识所有来参加聚会的人吗?—恐怕不是。我不认识那个和你谈了很久的人。正确答案为:D

【点睛】

which与that两者都可指物,常可互换。其区别主要在于:引导非限制性定语从句时,通常要用which。如:She received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise. 她收到了老板的邀请,这是她意想不到的。直接放在介词后作宾语时,通常要用which。先行词有the very, the only, the same 等修饰时,通常用that。如:This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原话。7.D

解析:D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

试题分析:句意:这部电视剧讲的是几年前发生在一个小村庄里的真实故事。本句是定语从句,a true story是先行词,that是关系词,当先行词是人或物时,关系词为that。所以选D。

8.C

解析:C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:我最喜欢的电影是《冰雪奇缘》。

考查定语从句。who谁;where哪里;which哪个。此句是定语从句,先行词为film,是物,关系词用that或者which。故选C。

【点睛】

定语从句中,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。which一般指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语,作宾语的关系代词which可以省略。

例如:The river which runs through the centre of the city brings us lots of pleasure.

This is the book (which) you are looking for.

9.C

解析:C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:袁隆平是一位中国科学家,他正在领导一项开发海水稻的研究。

本题考查定语从句。whose引导定语从句,作定语;which引导定语从句,修饰事物,作主语,宾语或表语;who引导定语从句,修饰人,作主语,宾语或表语;此处先行词scientist是人,后面定语从句缺少主语,因此用who引导定语从句。故选C。

10.A

解析:A

【解析】

【详解】

句意:我们昨晚看的那场电影好极了。

考查定语从句引导词。本句定句从句的先行词The movie是物,并且关系代词在定语从句中作宾语,可知使用关系代词that或which;故选A。

11.C

解析:C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:—女孩们正在谈论上星期六电影里的音乐和演员。—它真是很棒的一部电影。

考查定语从句的关系词辨析。which先行词是物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;who先行词是物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;that先行词可以既有人也有物,也可以是人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;whom先行词是人,在定语从句中作宾语,由空格前面的先行词the music and the actors可知,先行词既指人又指物时要用关系代词that。故选C。12.C

解析:C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:——你认识那个在和我们校长谈话的老人吗?——是的,他是我的祖父。

whom谁,who的宾格形式;whose谁的;who谁;which哪个。 is talking to our head teacher作man的定语,先行词是man,关系词作主语,所以关系词用who或者that,结合选项,故选C。

【点睛】

定语从句用来充当句中定语的成分,被修饰的名词叫先行词,连接主从句的是关系词。关系词分:1关系代词:who , whom , whose , which , that 。2 关系副词:where,when,why 等。一般的who 用于指代人的先行词,which 用来指代物的先行词,that既可指人又可指物。该题中被修饰的先行词是人,所以关系词用who或者that,结合选项,故选who。13.D

解析:D

【解析】

【详解】

句意:——你喜欢中央电视台的每周脱口秀《朗读者》吗?——当然喜欢。这是一个很好的电视节目,可以培养阅读的习惯。

本题考查定语从句。who引导定语从句,修饰人;whose引导定语从句,作定语;what什么,引导名词性从句;that,引导定语从句,修饰事物和人。此处修饰先行词TV program,用that引导定语从句,故选D。

14.B

解析:B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:这是我美丽的学校。它在著名的图书馆附近。

本题考查关系词。where哪里,关系副词,指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语;which哪一个,关系代词,指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;who谁,关系代词,指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;when何时,关系副词,指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语;根

据 my beautiful school _______ is near…,此处先行词为school,是物,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which代替,故答案选B。

15.B

解析:B

【解析】

【详解】

句意:我看过两次的电影是《流浪地球》。

考查定语从句关系代词辨析。who 谁,指人并在从句中作主语的关系代词;that 无实际意义,即可指人也可指物的关系代词;where 表地点的关系副词;when 表时间的关系副词。根据句子结构,是一个定语从句。先行词是movie,指物,在从句中作宾语,所以用关系代词that。故选B。

【点睛】

定语从句中关系词的判断。首先看从句中缺少的成分,如果缺时间状语或地点状语,就用关系副词when或where;如果缺宾语或主语,就用关系代词。先行词指人,并在从句中作主语,就用关系代词who或that;先行词指物,并在从句中作主语或宾语,就用关系代词that。

16.C

解析:C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:我会把我知道的一切都告诉你。

考查定语从句关系词。which先行词是物;who先行词是人;that先行词是人或物;what 什么,不能引导定语从句;根据句意理解及句子结构分析可知,先行词是everything,指物且为不定代词,所以这里应该用that引导,故选C。

【点睛】

定语从句中先行词指物时,关系词可以用which,也可以用that,但有些情况只能用that,只用that的情况有:①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …;②先行词有最高级修饰,有序数词修饰;③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰;④先行词既能表示人又表示物时。本题中就属于第一种情况,先行词是不定代词,所以只能用that引导。

17.C

解析:C

【解析】

试题分析:句意:我仍旧记得几年前去伦敦访问的大学和老师们。what一般不用于定语从句;who在定语从句中指人; that既可指人,也可指物;which指物。结合语境可知本句中先行词the college and the teachers中既有人,又有物,故只能用关系代词that,所以选C。

考点:考查关系代词。

18.D

解析:D

【解析】

【详解】

句意:——你认识那个和我们老师谈话的女吗?——噢,她是我的妹妹。

考查定语从句。which哪个;what什么;whose谁的;who谁。此句是定语从句,先行词the girl,是人,并且此空作主语,因此关系词用who。which和what通常指物,whose通常指人,但是作定语。故选D。

19.D

解析:D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

试题分析:句意:获得一等奖的那个男孩叫罗伊。本题中修饰boy是一个定语从句,修饰人的用who,在从句中做主语,故答案选D。

20.A

解析:A

【解析】

【详解】

句意:你想象不到我解决这个问题所遇到的困难。

考查定语从句和动词固定搭配。have difficulty doing sth做某事有困难。difficulty后接定语从句I have,关系代词为that,在从句中作动词have的宾语,故省略。solve动词,解决,此处根据固定搭配用动名词,故用solving。故选A。

21.C

解析:C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:——你喜欢哪种音乐?——我喜欢能跟着唱的所有音乐。

考查定语从句辨析。which指物的关系代词;who指人的关系代词;that既指人又指物的关系代词。根据句子结构,空格处所在句子是一个定语从句。先行词是music,指物,在从句中作宾语成分,可以用关系词which或that.但是先行词有all修饰时,只能用关系词that。故选C。

【点睛】

判断定语从句中的关系词,首先确定先行词是指人还是指物,再判断先行词在从句中作主语还是宾语成分。如果是指人并在从句中作主语,用关系代词who/that;如果是指物,并在从句中作主语或宾语,用关系代词that/which。先行词被不定代词all/something等修饰时,先行词只能用that。

22.A

解析:A

【解析】

句意:想想别人胜过你自己。关心别人的人在各地都很受欢迎。A. who关系代词,引导定语从句,先行词是人,在从句中作主语;B. which关系代词,引导定语从句,先行词为物,在从句中作主语或宾语;C. whom 关系代词,可以引导定语从句,先行词是人,在从句中只能作宾语;D. whose先行词是人或物,在定语从句中作定语。此句的先行词是人,引导定语从句的关联词在定语从句中作主语,故答案为A。

点睛:在定语从句中,关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1) who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

23.C

解析:C

【解析】

句意:——你正在寻找什么?——我正在寻找上周日你买的那本书。who引导定语从句,修饰人,作定语从句的主语或宾语;when引导定语从句,作状语;that引导定语从句,修饰事物或人,作主语或宾语。此处修饰的先行词the book是事物,作定语从句谓语bought的宾语,故用that引导定语从句,故选C。

24.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——我们应该做一些事去帮助那些不能去上学的学生。——让我们求助于Green小姐,她总能解决我们面临的问题。

考查定语从句关系代词和动词短语。根据句意,可知此空填定语从句的关系代词,指代先行词students且作定语从句的主语,students是人,可用who或者that指代且不能省略。put out 熄灭;work out 解决。根据句意,work out符合题意。故选C。

【点睛】

关系代词 which,that,who引导定语从句在从句中作主语、宾语或者表语。作宾语的时候,关系代词可以省略。that既可以指人也可以指物;who只能指人;which只能指物。25.A

解析:A

【解析】

试题分析:句意:-- Tim,你在做什么?--我在听歌曲Long Live,它使我感觉很兴奋。这里先行词是the song Long Live,是物;定语从句缺少的是句子的主语,关系词不能省略。which指物,故选A。

考点:考查定语从句的用法。

定语从句-知识点归纳与练习

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Is he the man who/that wants to see you? (who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. (whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换). 例如: Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等. 例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. (which / that在句中作宾语) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语) 关系代词that和which 都可以指物,that 和Who 都可以指人,其用法区别:

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