英语翻译静态与动态共38页文档
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英语与汉语——静态与动态的转换翻译（最终版）
英语与汉语——静态与动态的转换翻译（最终版）第一篇：英语与汉语——静态与动态的转换翻译（最终版）英语与汉语——静态与动态的转换翻译摘要：在英语与汉语各自长期的发展中，形成了英语的静态特征与汉语的动态特征，即英语中的动作意义常借助于动词以外的词类表达，句中少用动词，而汉语则多用动词，动词可以充当很多成分。
本文分析了两种语言的表达特征，并用大量的实例来说明在进行英汉互译时可以利用静态与动态相互转换来实现最佳的翻译效果。
关键词：静态；动态；转换；翻译English and Chinese-Transition between the Static and Dynamic in Translation Abstract: The static of English language and the dynamic of Chinese language mainly embody the use of verbs.English language is confined to the verbs while Chinese language is free to the verbs.The article analyzes the distinctive characteristics of both languages, and presents many examples, in the hope of achieving the optimized translating effect by means of transition between the static and dynamic in translation.Key words: static;dynamic;transition;translation一、引言世界上所有的语言都可以划分为静态与动态，静态的语言多用表达静态的名词来描述客观世界，而动态的语言多用动词来表达。
英汉对比静态与动态
杰克和老板吵了一架就辞职了 After he quarreled with his boss, Jack quit. After he had a quarrel with his boss, Jack quit.
5.静态-ADJ&ADV.IN PLACE OF VERBS
❖使用动词的同源形容词与弱化动词相结合的方式表达动词的意义
英汉语言对比 静态与动态
英语—静OR动？
1. Admittance Free 免票入场
2. Out of Bounds 游客止步
3. No Admittance Except on Business 闲人免进
4. Danger of Death – High Voltage! 高压危险！
英语-静态STATIVE
3.静态-PREPARATION- PROMINENT
❖ 英语常用介词短语代替动词短语，即“以静代动”
1）他们立刻出动去追击敌人。 They immediately set out in pursuit of the enemy. 2）有人给他撑腰。 He has someone behind him. 3)他在读书。 He is at his books. 4)机器正在运行。 The machine is in operation 5) 说完这些话，她便走开了。 With these words, she went away.
4.静态- VERB- WEAKEN
❖动词虚化： 把动词转化或派生成名词,置于虚化动词(have, make, take, do)之后做其宾语,如have a look, take a walk, make attempts, pay visits, do some damages, put up a proposal
5.静态-ADJ&ADV.IN PLACE OF VERBS
❖使用动词的同源形容词与弱化动词相结合的方式表达动词的意义
英汉语言对比 静态与动态
英语—静OR动？
1. Admittance Free 免票入场
2. Out of Bounds 游客止步
3. No Admittance Except on Business 闲人免进
4. Danger of Death – High Voltage! 高压危险！
英语-静态STATIVE
3.静态-PREPARATION- PROMINENT
❖ 英语常用介词短语代替动词短语，即“以静代动”
1）他们立刻出动去追击敌人。 They immediately set out in pursuit of the enemy. 2）有人给他撑腰。 He has someone behind him. 3)他在读书。 He is at his books. 4)机器正在运行。 The machine is in operation 5) 说完这些话，她便走开了。 With these words, she went away.
4.静态- VERB- WEAKEN
❖动词虚化： 把动词转化或派生成名词,置于虚化动词(have, make, take, do)之后做其宾语,如have a look, take a walk, make attempts, pay visits, do some damages, put up a proposal
汉英静态与动态比较
如： There was a tropical storm off the east coast of Florida. 佛罗里达东海岸有一场热带风暴。
A tropical storm lashed the east coast of Florida. 一场热带风暴袭击了佛罗里达东海岸。 除了be之外，have, become,grow, feel, go, come, get, do等也是英语常用的弱式动词
4. 名词优势造成介词优势
介词前置于名词或名词性短语，由于英语多用名词，必然也要多用介词，所以产生了介词 优势。介词优势和名词优势的结合，使英语的静态倾向更为显著。
英语常用介词短语取代动词短语，即以“静”代“动” 如： He is at his books.(He is reading books.)
英语里表示心理或心理感觉的形容词以及其他形容词也常常与弱式动词构成系表结构，表 达相当于动词的意义。
A postman is not afraid of dogs. He was unawwre of my presence. John seems content just to sit in front of the television all night.
说是的说是，说非的说非，莫衷一是。 Some say "yes"and others "no"; I don't know whom to follow.
学问，学问，要学要问；边学边问，才有学问。 Acquisition of knowledge entails learning and seeking for explanation.
“名词+介词”的优势常见于英语里大量的弱式短语。这类短语往往削弱或淡化(dilute)原来 所要表达的动词、形容词和其他词语的意义，使叙述曲折迂回(circumlocution)，所以增 强了静态感
A tropical storm lashed the east coast of Florida. 一场热带风暴袭击了佛罗里达东海岸。 除了be之外，have, become,grow, feel, go, come, get, do等也是英语常用的弱式动词
4. 名词优势造成介词优势
介词前置于名词或名词性短语，由于英语多用名词，必然也要多用介词，所以产生了介词 优势。介词优势和名词优势的结合，使英语的静态倾向更为显著。
英语常用介词短语取代动词短语，即以“静”代“动” 如： He is at his books.(He is reading books.)
英语里表示心理或心理感觉的形容词以及其他形容词也常常与弱式动词构成系表结构，表 达相当于动词的意义。
A postman is not afraid of dogs. He was unawwre of my presence. John seems content just to sit in front of the television all night.
说是的说是，说非的说非，莫衷一是。 Some say "yes"and others "no"; I don't know whom to follow.
学问，学问，要学要问；边学边问，才有学问。 Acquisition of knowledge entails learning and seeking for explanation.
“名词+介词”的优势常见于英语里大量的弱式短语。这类短语往往削弱或淡化(dilute)原来 所要表达的动词、形容词和其他词语的意义，使叙述曲折迂回(circumlocution)，所以增 强了静态感
静态表达与动态表
即兴训练
• • • • • • • 1 她酷爱古典音乐。 2 他指挥着一个团。 3 她妹妹老是说谎。 4 他统治伊拉克长达20年之久。 5 我的确到过不少地方旅游。 6 我父亲既不喝酒，也不吸烟。 7 在同儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去 所干的坏事。
B “be+非动词的同源名词句式”
• 1 告诉我们除了什么事，我们聚精会神地听 着呢。 • Tell us what happened.We are all ears. • 2 要不会是我能干重活，早就给辞退了。 • It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal. • 3 盒子打开时，我们目不转睛地看着。 • We were all eyes as the box was opened.
• • • • 5 你今天能够出席让我增色不少。 Your presence today really honored me. 6 越南战争不断地消耗美国的资源。 Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources. • 7 政府号召建立更多的技术学校。 • The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.
形容词静态
• • • • • • • • 1 油漆未干 Wet paint 2 此路不通 Dead end 3 他们迫切地想弄到消息。 They were news-hungry. 4 那个家伙老是滔滔不绝讲个不停。 That fellow is very talkative.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
英汉对比 静态与动态
4.静态- VERB- WEAKEN
动词的弱化：使用动词意味最弱的to be, 包括it be, there be, must be, maybe, should have been
一场热带风暴袭击了佛罗里达东海岸
A tropical storm lashed the east coast of Florida.
静态STATIVE-英语
1.名词化Nominalization 2.施事名词Agentive nouns in place of verbs.
3.介词Preparation- Prominent
4.动词弱化Verbs-weaken 5.形容词与副词Ajectives and adverbs in place of verbs
DYNAMIC-CHINESE
2）You will have enough to eat and enough to wear. 要吃有吃，要穿有穿。
3）Some come, and others leave.
来的来，去的去。 4）Acquistion of knowledge entails learning and seeking for explanation 学问，学问，要学要问，边学边问，才有学问。
英汉语言对比
静态与动态
英语—静OR动？
1. Admittance Free 免票入场
2. Out of Bounds
游客止步 3. No Admittance Except on Business
闲人免进
4. Danger of Death – High Voltage! 高压危险！
英语-静态STATIVE
DYNAMIC-CHINESE
英汉语言对比静态与动态
English: Static vs. Chinese: Dynamic
1.English tend to be stative,characterized by nominalization(名词化)（prepositional phrases） and weakening of verbs(in the form of adjectives,adverbs.....)
我们的儿子令我们失望。 Our son has disappointed us.
Our son has been a disappointment to us.
第4页/共24页
2. To use Agentive Nouns in place of Verbs 用名词表示施事者，以代替动词
他妹妹老是说谎。 His sister always lies. His sister is a great liar.
第23页/共24页
1）He thought his way out of the dilemma.
他想办法摆脱了困境（连动式）
2）We asked her to sing.
我们请 他唱歌（兼语式）
第16页/共24页
3）Go to the classroom and call him back
你去教室把 他叫回来（把字式）
of a kindly nature
(kind)
of an unusual character
( unusual)
beyond the shadow of a doubt
( certain)
due to the fact that
( because)
on two separate occasions
1.English tend to be stative,characterized by nominalization(名词化)（prepositional phrases） and weakening of verbs(in the form of adjectives,adverbs.....)
我们的儿子令我们失望。 Our son has disappointed us.
Our son has been a disappointment to us.
第4页/共24页
2. To use Agentive Nouns in place of Verbs 用名词表示施事者，以代替动词
他妹妹老是说谎。 His sister always lies. His sister is a great liar.
第23页/共24页
1）He thought his way out of the dilemma.
他想办法摆脱了困境（连动式）
2）We asked her to sing.
我们请 他唱歌（兼语式）
第16页/共24页
3）Go to the classroom and call him back
你去教室把 他叫回来（把字式）
of a kindly nature
(kind)
of an unusual character
( unusual)
beyond the shadow of a doubt
( certain)
due to the fact that
( because)
on two separate occasions
英语翻译静态与动态PPT教学课件
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▪ 一、英语是屈折语，汉语是非屈折语，相对而言， 英语语言形态丰富。在一定程度上说，词的形态 （及形式）变化是否过于繁复多变决定了词类优 势。英语动词形态变化繁复而稳定，这就使英语 动词的使用受形态的制约，而名词就没有这个问 题，因此名词在英语中占优势，名词的优势导致 了介词的伴随优势。
▪
▪
第十一 讲
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静态与动态
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(Static vs Dynamic)
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▪ I．教学目的和要求： ▪ 1．掌握动态化特征在汉语中的具体表现 ▪ 2．掌握静态化特征在英语中的具体表现 ▪ II．教学重点与难点： ▪ 1．汉语动词的翻译 ▪ 2．英语介词的翻译 ▪ III．教学方法：教师讲授、学生练习 ▪ IV．课时：2学时 ▪ V．课的类型：讲授课 ▪
▪ 因此,在有些情况下,汉语动词并不是译成英语动 词,而是要遵循英语的这一修辞特点,进行必要的 词性转换,即动词向名词、介词等的转化,使译文 符合英语的句法规律,因而更加地道、更显文采。
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▪ (一)动词转换成名词 ▪ 汉语中动词占优势,英语中名词占优势。一个主
要原因就是汉语中缺少像英语中的“-ing”词尾 和抽象名词的词缀那样的抽象化手段, ▪ 1.他妹妹老是说谎。
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▪ 下面从“动态”与“静态”这一修辞差异入手来 探讨汉译英中汉语动词(不包括判断动词和能愿 动词)的处理。
▪ 一、单动词汉语句子中动词的处理
▪ “英语的静态修辞的实质是名词优势和介词优势, 而介词优势又是名词优势的必然结果。因为名词 与名词之间要借助介词来联结”(蒋坚松, 2002: 56)。
unit 7 中英文的动态与静态
Examples Analysis
随着本地区经济的蓬勃发展，亚太区域 的经贸联系日益密切 日益密切，经贸合作不断加 日益密切 不断加 强。 The booming regional economic development will lead to increasingly closer economic and trade ties as well as ever stronger cooperation in this regard in the Asia Pacific Region.
Examples Analysis
他老是说谎。 他酷爱流行音乐。 他不抽烟，也不喝酒。 他演戏演得很棒。 他文章写得很好。 他经常参观博物馆。 他最会捣乱。
Examples Analysis
从秦代到清末的二千一百多年间，哈雷彗星出 出 现二十七次，中国都有记录。 In the 2100 years from the Qin Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, Halley Comet appeared 27 times and they were all recorded in China. In the 2100 years from the Qin Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, the 27 appearances of Halley Comet were all recorded in China.
Examples Analysis
我们希望亚太各国密切合作 共同繁荣 密切合作，共同繁荣 密切合作 共同繁荣。 We hope to see closer cooperation and common prosperity of all countries in Asia-Pacific.
英汉静态与动态对比
5.动词的弱化与虚化
英语里最常用又最有用的动词正是 动作意味最弱的动词--be，其八种形 式 （be,am,is,are,was,were,being,be en) 都缺乏动态感由 it 或 there 与 be 构成的句式，其静态意味更加明显。
There was a tropical storm off the east coast of Florida?
=Is this train going to Chicago？
这趟火车是开往芝加哥的吗？
介词与名词结合，组成介词短语。成 串的介词短语又常常与弱化动词 （be,seem,look等）和“乏味的名词” （ponderous nouns)连用： In view of the fact that Mr.Jones is not very well, i am taking the opportunity of replying on hia behalf.
约翰整夜坐在电视机前似乎就满足了。
（副词）英语还常用副词来表达动词 的意义，如：
I am afarid Mr.Brown is out,but he will be in soon. 恐怕布朗先生出去了，但是他很快会 回来的。
He will be home in half an hour. 他将在半小时内到家。 Down with the old and up with the new.破旧立新。Over！！！
汉语动词可以充当助动词，置于主要 动词的前后，形成动词连用。前置助 动词（能愿动词）主要有：要、会、 能、想、可能等;后置助动词（趋向动 词）主要有：来、去、起来、下去、 等。 He has come (gone) to borrow books.他来（去）借书 他借书来（去）了。
静态与动态翻译课件
精品PPT
2）Prepositional phrases used as connectives
e.g.
in case of 万一
for fear of 以免
in contrast with 与 …不同(bù tónɡ)
in search of 寻求
with regard to 关于
党的干部吃着粗茶淡饭，住着冰冷的窑洞，点着 昏暗的油灯，长时间地工作着。
On behalf of the organizing committee, I sincerely invite you to the conference on Western literature as an honored guest.
are beneath my notice. 对这样一个毫无教养的人口中之言，不值一理。
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2. Prepositional phrases used as attributives
他是个脱离了低级趣味的人。 He is a man above vulgar interests. 他有人给他撑腰。 He has someone behind him. 我在读莎士比亚写的剧本。 I am reading a play by Shakespeare. 这个民有、民治(mín zhì)、民享的政府将永存于世。 The government of the people, by the people and
他邀请我去他家吃午饭(wǔfàn)。 He invited me to his house for lunch. 我们热烈欢迎你们参加这次研讨会。 We warmly welcome you to the seminar. 读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。 Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability.
2）Prepositional phrases used as connectives
e.g.
in case of 万一
for fear of 以免
in contrast with 与 …不同(bù tónɡ)
in search of 寻求
with regard to 关于
党的干部吃着粗茶淡饭，住着冰冷的窑洞，点着 昏暗的油灯，长时间地工作着。
On behalf of the organizing committee, I sincerely invite you to the conference on Western literature as an honored guest.
are beneath my notice. 对这样一个毫无教养的人口中之言，不值一理。
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2. Prepositional phrases used as attributives
他是个脱离了低级趣味的人。 He is a man above vulgar interests. 他有人给他撑腰。 He has someone behind him. 我在读莎士比亚写的剧本。 I am reading a play by Shakespeare. 这个民有、民治(mín zhì)、民享的政府将永存于世。 The government of the people, by the people and
他邀请我去他家吃午饭(wǔfàn)。 He invited me to his house for lunch. 我们热烈欢迎你们参加这次研讨会。 We warmly welcome you to the seminar. 读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。 Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability.