American History美国历史

American historyAmerican historyUnited States is reputed for diversity and freedom from its historic period of colonialism. Initially, however, the freedom of Americans was tied to ethnic and religious affiliations mixture that granted privileges to some North America inhabitants over others. Although the idea of liberty in Europe created liberty possibilities, those liberties were different in North America colony, where African and indigenous cultures and peoples had little influence. As a result, there was greater liberty or freedom for some while others faced unprecedented dispossession and slavery, which made America’s colony a society with much diversity as compared to Europe (Alexander & Rucker, 2010).The indigenous traditions of freedom and immigration in the United States led to creation of a context, which made colonization of Europeans possible. For a long time, the initial America inhabitants were habituated to handle and deal with strangers. The Americans counterfeited exchange and alliances networks, accepted refugees, and allowed people who needed protection and land to secure and settle in in territories under control but were denied to share (Johnson, 2012). Initially, those who arrived in small numbers, carrying with them valuable trade items, and with offer of protection from enemies resulted to strengthening of indigenous communities by the Europeans. These immigrants were given rights for using specific sections of land similar to other needy peoples of native America especially during the Pennsylvania of 18th century. However, people from Europe brought with them private property beliefs, disease, more immigrants, and were rarely characterized by cruel violence that resulted to undermining of indigenous liberty. After the Native Americans’ contest against this issue, there was eruption of wars that they could not handle or win. The people who avoided being virtual servants or slaves were driven and evacuated from their residence or homes.Sometimes, a colonial ruler like William Penn who anticipated in preservation of peace would struggle and strive to honor indigenous Americans rights. Nevertheless, given that European and indigenous liberty ideas of depended on land and other resources access, it was challenging for Native Americans and Europeans to have liberty in their territory without neutral arbiter. During the American Revolution eve, the government of Britain seemed to have the ability to play that role, even so, British Americans depended on the monarchy for guaranteeing their liberties and the independence of America terminated that option. Subsequently, the original inhabitants of America lacked mediation between them and their exploiters.I agree that African immigrants faced tragedy for instance Africans had a similar belief with Native Americans that liberty would not be separated from one's ties of family. Kinship whether fictive or actual granted people with protection and rights necessary for living in freedom. Most Africans were reduced to slavery condition thus; they had little say over where their destiny would be. In addition, before the arrival of Africans in North America, they were subjected to slavery in the New World because they were already separated from their native communities in Africa (Gates, 2011). However, those that had kin or forged new relationships with strangers were spared. On the other hand, it was very difficult for the Africans to escape and communities that had fugitive slaves did not last for long. Contrary to Native Americans, who had the ability to secure freedom through vacating from frontier, Africans had no option but to struggle to attain liberty within the society of Britain whose prosperity rested on involuntary their labor. The Europeans from Britain often viewed as Indians also struggle to gain freedom as Africans did (O'Brien, 2011, p136-137).In addition, early U.S. citizens of European heritage, especially those that owned slaves or land, had the greatest right of freedom in early colonial America. The Spanish, French, andDutch also established native colonies that later became part of United States of America. The British also brought the tobacco trade to this newly- discovered land (The American Promise, 2012). Furthermore, each had diverse approach towards achievement of liberty. The Spanish and French who originated from communities with peasants who practiced farming, they sought liberty by avoiding labor of agriculture. The nobles who possessed land peasants to work on their farms, topped in freedom (Skogen, 2008, p1513). On the other hand, artisans and merchants, who worked and lived in cities, which did not have feudal obligations, followed. In all colonies, people from Europe lived under various circumstances, from servants who were underprivileged to plantation owners and merchants who were wealthy.In conclusion, the force of religion shaped the relationships among the Africans immigrants, Native Americans among others; this is because religion could not be separated from liberty experience in the empires of Europe. The Spanish and French empires were Roman Catholic nevertheless these empires used power to expel or convert those who failed to conform. On the other hand, the Dutch applied a dissimilar approach as they befitted their condition to be small and newly self-determining yet a nation with dynamic economic (Zott, 2012). However, Protestants who had reformed for they had unusual honesty to foreign immigrants such as Jews of Iberia, while Roman Catholic natives were relegated to a middle class status enjoyed full benefits of citizenship from Dutch. With time, there was freedom in the United States due to religious approach therefore slavery ended as well as other forms of mistreatment.ReferencesAlexander, L. M., & Rucker, W. C. (2010). Encyclopedia of African American history. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.Johnson, M. P. (2012). Reading the American past: Selected historical documents. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's.Gates, H. L. (2011). Life upon these shores: Looking at African American history, 1513-2008.New York: Alfred A. Knopf.O'Brien, M. J. (2011). Gaelic Games, Nationalism and the Irish Diaspora in the United States.Immigrants & Minorities, 29(1), 136-139. doi:10.1080/02619288.2011.552234James L. R. & Michael P. J. &Patricia C. C. & Sarah S. & Susan M. H. (2012). The American Promise Value Edition, Volume 1: To 1877: A history of the United States. Bedford/ St.Martin’sSkogen, L. (2008). :Self‐Determination: The Other Path for Native Americans. AM HIST REV, 113(5), 1512-1513. doi:10.1086/ahr.113.5.1512Zott, L. M. (2012). Native Americans. Detroit: Greenhaven Press.。