科技汉语常用动词的英译法
科技英语翻译技巧
英语中有不少习语化的动词，如give a
picture of , make use of ,have a try, have a look, make mention of ,take care of等，它们 的中心词（head word）是名词。 如： （1） These data have been made use of in production. 生产中已利用了这些资料。
In the absence of friction, the vehicle could
not even be started. 没有摩擦，车辆根本就不可能开动。 As three years drew to a close, the Daqing Oil-field was built up. 三年结束时，大庆油田建成了。 An object. once in motion, will keep on moving because of its inertia. 物体一旦运动，就会因惯性继续运动。
I don't think I can teach you to operate the
electronic computer, he will be a good teacher for you. 我想，我不会教你操作这台计算机，而他定 能把你教会。 I suggested the supports should be located every five meters. He was my good supporters. 我建议，支架每五米设一个。他很支持我的 建 议。
英语中的名词转换 为汉语的形容词（总结）
(1) Robots are now in use in industrial plants throughout the world. They've been proved to be of great ability. 今天，机器人在世界各地的工厂里得以应用，并已 证明是十分能干的。 (2)He found some difficulties to design a chemical plant without an electronic computer. 他感到没有电子计算机，要设计一坐化工厂是困难 的。 (3) Their physical experiment was a success. 他们的物理实验是成功的。
科技英语中专业术语的翻译
科技英语中专业术语的翻译1.意译：根据科技术语的含义，将其翻译成汉语里和它完全对等的名词就叫意译。
对单个词语来说，意译也就是直译。
意译法是最常用的翻译方法，它能使读者直接了解术语的含义。
例子如下：①firewall．．．．．．．．：防火墙②data mining．．．．．．．．．．：数据挖掘③automatic program control．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．：自动程序控制2.形译：英语中有些科技术语的前半部分是表示该术语形象的字母或单词，翻译成汉语时可把这一部分翻译成表示具体形象的词，或保留原来的字母，这就叫形译。
例子如下：I．-．bar．．．X光；α．-．brass．．．．．麻花钻；X．-．Ray．．．．．α黄铜[1]．．．．环形圈；twist．．．工字钢、工字条；O．-．ring．．．．．-．drill3.音译：根据英语发音翻译成汉语里相应的词。
科技英语中某些有专业名词构成的术语、单位名称、新型材料的名称等，在翻译时都可采用音译法。
例子如下：●gene．．．．．．．奔腾．．．．基因；quark．．．．．夸克；Pentium●celluloid．．．．．尼龙．．．．．．．．．赛璐璐；nylon●Hertz．．．．．流明（光通量单位）．．．．．（Hz）赫兹（频率单位）；lumen4.缩写词：英语首字母缩写词在科技新词中占很大比重，这类词如果译成汉语，就显得拖沓冗长，因此很多情况下干脆不翻译。
例子如下：☺CPU．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．(中央处理器)．．．：．C．entral Processing Unit☺ASCII．．． I．nformation．．．．．．．．．． (美国信息交换标准码)．．． for．．．．．．．．．． I．nterchange．．．．．．． C．ode．．．．．：．American S．．．．．．．．．tandard☺ATM．．．．．．． M．ode．．．(异步传输方式)．．．：．A．synchronous．．．．．．．．．．． T．ransfer一些国际组织的缩写也常采用这种办法。
科技类常用词汇和短语
科技类常用词汇和短语集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）科技类常用词汇和短语名词和名词短语：Technological advancement \ development 科技进步; Technological innovations 科技创新High-tech facilities \ products 高科技设施\产品; Modern technology 现代科技;Communication technology 通讯科技 (如：mass media; mobile phones; the internet)The fast rhythm of life 快节奏的生活方式; Information age 信息时代;Home working \ telecommuting work 在家办公; Distance education 远程教育The widespread use of the internet 网络的广泛使用;Electric appliances 家电; automation 自动化; mass manufacture 大量生产动词短语：Give easy access to ….(主语为事物) = Acquire…. (主语为人) 获得… (知识, 信息等)Adapt to + 名词适应… ; Get (be) used to +名词习惯…; Benefit from…从…中受益; Benefit…使…受益Be beneficial to + 名词对…有益; Enhance study efficiency提高学习效率;Broaden one’s horizons开阔某人眼界; Enrich one’s knowledge (experience) 丰富某人的知识 (阅历); Remove the barrier for…为…消除障碍; Assist sb to do…协助某人做某事;Equip sb with sth 用…武装某人; Put sb into contact with sth 让某人接触某事Be confronted with…面对…; Put sb at an advantage in terms of…使某人在某方面处于优势Make use of …. 充分利用; Be available to… = be accessible to 供….使用Keep up with 跟上…的步伐; Stay in close contact with…. 保持和….的密切接触Enhance efficiency (work efficiency; study efficiency; productivity) 提高效率; Accelerate.. 加速典型考题：1. Some people believe the range of technology available to individuals today is increasing the gap between poor people and rich people. Others think it is having an opposite effect. What is your opinion2. Some people think people have benefited from modern communication technology, other people think some people have not benefited at all, to what extend do you agree or disagree现代科技的一些正面影响：效率… assist people to enhance working efficiencyWith the help of fax, e-mail or other automated and communication devices, people are able to perform dailyroutines in a more efficient way, reducing manual work greatly 方便The outside world has become more accessible to people and one can perform many tasks at home, such as shopping, banking and business transactions, thus helping them cut costs of bus fare and fuel娱乐People are able to spend much less time on daily routines and household chores,With the emergence of various IT products, people are leading a more colorful life with more flexibility and leisure time.情感…. expands people’s social circle. In the past, social relationships were limited by physical factors such asgeographical distance. But nowadays, Because of technological advances, such as the railroad, the automobile, the telephone and the internet, one can travel further and get acquainted with more people.就业… triggers emergence and great progress of various fronts, thereby creating numerous job opportunities知识… enables any person in present-day society to become enlightened and empowered. Modern technology gives infinite and flexible access to information and knowledge. By gathering information from a variety of sources, such as the Internet, mobile phones, E-libraries, online training courses, people can have a broader view of life and equip themselves with various skills and abilities现代科技的一些负面影响：压力Employees are actually working longer, primarily because fax,e-mail or other communication devices have made them accessible to their superiors, colleagues and customers after work, partly depriving workers of their leisure time娱乐a).People’s leisure time (social activities) has beenshrinking as a result of various Internet-based activities. Specifically, web-surfing, on-line shopping has taken up a larger part of people’s after-work life情感…alters their social behaviors and habits. For example, for many people, spending part of the day on the internet is quite normal. Because most internet users are deeply addicted to Internet, they will become socially isolated. Most of them have poor social life and feelings of loneliness.健康a). people have become more and more accustomed to living in a world that appreciates convenience and inactivity. As a result, people are very likely to lose patience and physical vigorb).Too much time spent on the Internet leads to the result that people suffer serious loss of vision, back pain and obesity. It is likely that many people end up struggling with poor health。
科技英语术语的翻译
将两个或两个以上的词合成为一个词。
1. 合成名词 (1)名词+名词。由两个或两个以上的名词合成一个合成名词,
前面名词是说明性的, 后一个名词是中心词, 如:
nuclear bomb 原子弹, crosstalk 串音,串话, glassware玻璃制品, multimedia computer多媒体电脑, management information system,管理信息系统, rust resistance防锈, laser disk镭射光盘, card reader读卡机, cash register现金出纳机, pain killer止痛药, analog computer模拟计算机等;
• (2)形容词+名词。由一个形容词加一个名词构 • 成,其意义关系是前者修饰后者,如: • Loudspeaker 扩音器, firm acceleration稳定加 速, intelligent card,智能卡, virtual reality虚拟 现实, digital interface数字接口等; • (3)动名词+名词。在这类名词中,动名词所表示的 • processing unit处理器, flying suit飞行衣, launching site发射场等;
科技英语术语翻译
随着现代科学技术的迅猛发展,新的科 技术语也随之源源不断地产生。据统计,汉 语词汇中90%以上的科技术语都来自于英语, 这大大丰富了汉语词汇;当今科技英语已受 到普遍的重视,它已渗入到我们工作和生活 的各个角落, 掌握一些英语科技术语的构 词特点和翻译技巧是非常必要的。
一、科技术语构词特点
• 后者合成的形容词表示被动含义,其中的名词有时表示工具
或行为发出者的意味,如,
科技术语的译法
科技术语的译法科技术语的译法科技术语的译法随着社会的进步和科技的发展，新的发明创造不断涌现，随之也就出现了描述这些事物的新术语。
在科技英语翻译中，我们常常碰到如何把这类术语译成适当的汉语的问题。
通常，有以下约定俗成的方法。
1. 意译：意译就是对原词所表达的具体事物和概念进行仔细推敲，以准确译出该词的科学概念。
这种译法最为普遍，在可能的情况下，科技术语应采用意译法。
例如：holography 全息摄影术astrionics 宇航电子学guided missile 导弹aircraft carrier 航空母舰videophone 可视电话walkie-talkie 步话机power roller 健腹轮e-mail 电子邮件一般说来，有三类科技新词语采用此译法：1.1.合成词：由两个或两个以上旧词构成的复合词skylab 太空实验室moonwalk 月球漫步friction factor 摩擦系数1.2.多义词：旧词转义，即通过赋予旧词以新义而构成新术语drone 雄蜂无人驾驶飞机bug 臭虫窃听器computer 计算者计算机1.3.派生词：在原有的词根上加前缀或后缀构成新术语例如：thermocouple 热电偶voltmeter 电压表2. 音译：音译就是根据英语单词的发音译成读音与原词大致相同的汉字。
采用音译的科技术语主要有两类：2.1.计量单位的词：hertz 赫兹（频率单位）bit 比特（度量信息的单位，二进制位）lux 勒克司（照明单位）joule 焦耳（功或能的单位）2.2. 某些新发明的材料或产品的名称（尤其在起初时）：celluloid 赛璐珞（硝纤象牙）nylon 尼龙（酰胺纤维）sonar 声纳（声波导航和测距设备）vaseline 凡士林（石油冻）morphine 吗啡一般地说，音译比意译容易，但不如意译能够明确地表达新术语的涵义。
因此，有些音译词经过一段时间后又被意译词所取代，或者同时使用。
科技英语翻译基本方法和技巧
科技英语翻译基本方法和技巧1.词义的引申2.词类转换2.1转换成汉语动词2.2转换成汉语名词2.3转换成汉语形容词2.4转换成汉语副词3.增词3.1增加表示名词复数概念的词语3.2增加表示时态的词语3.3增加表示句子主语的词语3.4增加原文中省略的词语3.5增加具体化、明确化的词语3.6增加起语气连贯作用的词语1.词义的引申英译汉时,有时会遇到某些词在词典中找不到适当的词义,如果生搬硬套词典中的释义,译文则不能确切地表达原文的意思,甚至造成误译。
这时就应结合上下文和逻辑关系,根据汉语的表达习惯,引申词义。
所谓词义引申,就是指对某些英语词汇的含义加以扩展和变通,使其更准确地表达原文词汇所表达的特定意思。
词义的引申主要包括三个方面的内容。
1.1专业化引申英语科技文章所使用的词汇有些借自日常生活用语,但在科技语境中已赋有了不同于日常语境的专业化语义。
因此,翻译时应基于其基本意义,根据所涉及专业引申出其专业化语义。
例如:(1)His mother died of difficult labor.他母亲死于难产。
(不译作“困难的劳动”)(2)The major problem in manufacturing is the control of contamination and foreign material.制造时的一个主要问题是控制污染和杂质。
(不译作“外界物质”)(3)The running of such automated establishments remains only a matter of reading various meters mounted on panels.管理这种自动化工厂只不过要求查看一下控制台上的各种仪表而已。
(不译作“阅读”)(4)More weight must be placed on the past history of patients.必须更加重视患者的病史。
科技英语表达常用句型
2. “完成”、“达到”、“实现”等的表示法常用的动词有:accomplish 完成achieve 完成；达到finish 结束, 完成attain 达到；完成fulfil(l) 履行；执行；完成carry out 执行；进行；实现perform 执行, 完成complete 完成；结束reach 达到do 实行；完成realize 实现effect 实现；达到proceed 进行常用名词有:accomplishment 完成achievement 完成, 达到fulfil(1)ment 实现, 完成；达到attainment 达到, 完成performance 执行, 完成completion 完成, 结束realization 实现4. “优点”、“好处”、“益处”等的表示法常用词语有:advantage 优点, 好处benefit 好处；利益excellent/good/outstandingmerit 优点；长处features 优点；优异的特点profit 益处；得益virtue 优点, 长处goodness 优良, 优势good qualities 优点superiority 优越性strong points 优点5. “一致”、“符合”的表示法accord 符合, 一致be in agreement with …agree 符合, 一致be in accord with …coincide 一致, 相符be in conformity with …conform (使)一致, （使）符合be consistent with …correspond to …符合于…bring … into correspondence with …使…与…一致起来- 3 -常用的名词有: 常用的形容词有:accord 一致, 符合consistent 一致的, 符合的agreement 符合, 一致accordant 一致的coincidence 符合, 一致conformable 一致的, 符合的correspondence 符合, 一致corresponding 一致的, 符合的6. “让步”的表示法常用词语有:although／whereas／while／whilst 虽然in spite of／despite尽管, 虽然in spite of the fact that …虽然irrespective of／regardless of …不论, 不管no matter+疑问词(how, what, when, where等)无论…whatever 无论什么, 不论什么whichever 无论哪个whenever 无论何时wherever 无论在哪里whether … or …不管…还是…even if／even though 即使however + adj./ adv. 无论怎样adj./ adv.+ as 尽管，虽然in any case 无论如何常用词语结构有:appear / seem + to V 看来, 似乎appear / look / seem + like + NP 看来像…, 看来是…的样子look + as if / though …看来好像…It appears / looks／seems + as if/though. . . 看来好像(仿佛)…It appears / seems + that …看来…10. “大约”、“近似”的表示法常用副词或词组有:about 近于, 大约around 大约approximately 大约, 近似near 差不多, 几乎nearly 差不多, 几乎or so …左右, 大约in／of the order of …约为, 大约常用动词有:approximate 接近approach 接近, 靠近come near 接近, 将近range from ...to... 从…到…左右, 在…范围内不等vary from ...to... 在…范围内变化12. “平衡”、“抵消”、“补偿”等的表示方法常用的动词及词组有:balance 平compensate for 补偿counterbalance （使）平衡, 抵equalize 使均衡（均等）, （使）平衡, 补偿make up for 弥补；补偿常用名词有:balance 平衡13. “建造”、“制造”等的表示法常用动词有: 常用名词有:build 建造；建筑building 建造, 建筑construct 建造；建筑construction 建造；构筑fabricate 制造；装配fabrication 制作；装配generate 产生；发生;发（电）generation 产生；发生；发（电）manufacture （大量）制造, 加工manufacture （大量）制造, 加工prepare 制备, 配制, 调制preparation 制备, 配制, 调制produce 制造, 生产production 制造, 生产14. “能力”的表示法常用词语有:be able / unable to + V 能(够)／不能be capable / incapable of + -ing 能够／不能be in a position + to V 能够can / cannot +V 能／不能will / will be + V 能／不能enable … + to V 使…能…have the ability / capability / capacity / power + to V 用…的能力, 能够…15. “引起”、“导致”、“产生”等的表示法常用词语有:be due to …是由……所引起的, 是由于……bring about / on …引起lead to …导致…produce 产生, 引起cause 引起, 产生；发展provoke 激起, 引用, 诱发develop 引起；激起raise 引起, 唤起generate 产生；引起result in …导致；产生give rise to …引起set off/up …引起,16. “肯定”、“一定”、“相信”等的表示法常用词语结构有:be certain / sure / confident of + NP 确信, 深信be certain / sure / confident + that …确信, 深信……be certain / sure / + to V 一定（必会）会……be convinced of + NP / that …相信……believe + that …相信, 认为……have / there is no doubt + that …毫无疑问……know for a certainty + that …确实知道……it can be said with certainty + that 可以断言……it is clear / certain + that …显然……/可以肯定……it is sb.’s belief / opinion + that …某人认为/某人的看法是……。
科技英语 动词的翻译
求。
▪ Be very careful when you take antibiotics.
▪ 使用抗菌素时， 请务必当心。
▪ 科技英语中还有一些用动词原形开头的句子， 它们并不表示祈使语气，只是一种习惯表达 方式，往往含有条件意味，翻译时要视情况 加词。
inversely as the resistance. ▪ 电流的变化与电动势成正比，与电阻成反比。 ▪ A pipeline across the desert may cost as much as ￡80,000 per
mile. ▪ 穿越沙漠的输油管道，造价高达每英里八万英镑。 ▪ The article aims at discussing recent trends in naval gun design. ▪ 本文的目的是讨论舰炮设计的新趋势。 ▪ Boiling point is defined as the temperature at which the vapor
▪ Do not leave dead batteries in the battery-
box as this may cause malfunction. ▪ 注意不要将废电池留在电池盒内，以免引起故障。
▪ Should the instrument show any signs of
damage, file a claim with the carrier
▪ The range of the spectrum in which heat is radiated mostly lies within the infrared portion.
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第九章科技汉语常用动词的英译法9.1表明，表示，说明，证明①表明：show，indicate，denote，signify例：Calculations indicate that...Preliminary results indicate that...Recent study has indicated that...The available data indicate that...Experience has shown that...Present results show that...Previous work has shown that...This investigation shows that...②表示：show，indicate，express，demonstrate，illustrate，representFig. 2 demonstrates/shows/indicates/illustrates that...例:In the diagram, plump lines represent the procedure is correct.③说明：show，explain，illustrate，interpretexplain how a machine worksto be illustrated by examples例：The result shows clearly that this procedure is correct.To interpret electrical phenomena we must examine the structure of matter.④证明：show，proveas analyses show that...分析证明as fact showed that...It goes to prove that...It has been proved that... 一切证明There has been evidence that...已经证明Countless facts have proved this point.无数事实证明了这一点。
⑤证实：confirm，verify，supportremain to be confirmed 有待证实verify a scientific hypothesisIt supports the fact that....例：Equation（1-7）can be easily verified by differentiating equation（1-6）.9.2获得，得到，得出结论①获得：“获得”的宾语多是抽象的事物。
win liberationwin the first prizewin /acclaim /earn favourable comment获得好评achieve great successacquire knowledge例：In order to obtain a higher temperature it is necessary to raise the pressure. ②得到：“得到”的宾语多是具体的东西。
get ，obtain，gainget timely medical treatment例：By studying the sketch, we can get an idea of the operation of a simple laser.研究一下简图，我们就能对简单激光器的操作得到一个概念。
③得出结论：reach /draw/form/make a conclusioncome to a conclusionarrive at a conclusionconclude例：What conclusion did you draw from the investigation?They concluded after investigation that this region was not poor in oil.9.3构成，组成，包括①构成：form，constitute ，compose，make up②组成：form，make up ，compose，constitute③包括：include ，comprise，consist of，incorporate应注意以下几点：①如果主语是构成的整体，compose要用被动语态；如果主语是构成整体的部分，compose要用主动语态：误：The sea mainly composes water and salt.正：The sea is mainly composed of water and salt.②Hydrogen and oxygen make water.③Every five persons constitute a group.④The presidium consists of 148 delegates.主席团由148人组成。
⑤consist of 表示“由……组成”，consist 是不及物动词，虽然在汉语看来像被动语态，但在英语却是主动语态。
由于此词是不及物动词，不能用被动语态。
⑥comprise 是一个双重含义的动词，其主语既可以是构成的整体，也可以是构成的部分，此词不用被动语态。
Our course of study comprises five subjects.或者：Five subjects comprise our course of study.9.4利用，使用，应用①利用：use，make use of，employ，exploit，utilize例：New technology must be developed to exploit the new resources.Make full use of the latest achievement in science and technology.②使用：use，make use of，employ例:The new machine has come into use. “come into use”行为的主体是物。
The new machine has been put into use / operation. “put into use”行为的主体是人。
③应用：apply(+to)applied science 应用科学apply theory to practice9.5 检查，检验，试验①检查：examinecheck up ，look over例：Steam lines should be checked for corrosion.Look over your exercises before handing them in.②检验：test，inspect，judge例：Strictly examine the quality of the products.To interpret electrical phenomena we must examine the structure of matter.③试验：试：try验：test例：He tried his new method on oxygen.他用氧试验他的新方法。
A pushed laser system has been tested on a satellite.9.6查，查对，查明，查阅①查：1）查字典：look up，read up，consult，find out误：look up a dictionary正：look up a word in a dictionary正：consult a dictionary2）查资料：read up the literature例：Find out the cause of the accident!②查对：check，verifycheck the dataverified /examined and found correct③查明：prove ，find outfind out the truthIt has been established that.../Investigation reveals that...find out how something started and developed查明某事的来龙去脉④查阅：consult technical data /look up technical literature例：He looked through a number of journals.9.7完成，完结，完工①完成：complete ，be ready，accomplish ，fulfil ，finishcomplete one’s missionaccomplish a taskfulfil the state plan②完结：end ，be over ，finishThis is not the end of the matter.③完工：complete a project ，finishing doing sth. ，get through例：It took only one month to complete the bridge.finish a piece of writing /complete the manuscript9.8讨论，商量，商榷，探讨①讨论：discuss sth . (talk sth . over with sb.)例：Electricity production is discussed later in detail.②商量：consult sb.，talk sth. over with sb.例：Consult the masses when matters arise.有事与群众商量。
We ought to talk it over with Mr.Smith.③商榷：discuss，deliberate with sb. over sth.例：This point is open to question.这一点值得商榷。
Here are a few points I wish to discuss with you .④探讨：look /enquire /probe/go into ,approachapproach a subject from different angles9.9提出，提议，建议①提出：i）提出一种新理论：put forwardsuggest /propose a new theory +同位语从句advance /developformulate例：In 1733 ,Charles Du Fay advanced the theory that there were two kinds of electricity—known as “positive” and “negative”.ii）提出问题put forwardbring upadvance a question /problem /point /subjectraisepresent例：Mr.Chairman, I’d like to bring up the question of the reorganization of the committee.②提议：purpose ,suggest, move 要注意其宾语从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。