高考英语之概要写作.doc

高考英语之概要写作.doc
高考英语之概要写作.doc

概要写作( Summary writing ),被称为“小作文”。概要写作分值占据 15 分,考查的是考生阅读和写作的综合能力。

概要写作所给定的语篇一般在200-250 字,内容丰富多样,包含故事、时政、科普等,体裁以记叙文、说明文为主,字数一般要求在50-60 字,答案尽量符合“ Key points of a summary”的要求。

一.正确认识概要写作

1. Definition of summary writing (概要写作的定义)

By summary, we mean a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of

a passage, an article, a chapter or a book.

2. Key points of a summary(概要写作的要点)

Conciseness(简要性):Omit unnecessary details like

examples, explanations

and other unimportant information.

Length: 1/4-1/3 of the original text.

Completeness(完整性):To include all the main and supporting points delivered in you own words in a condensed manner.

Accuracy(准确性):To give the same attention and stress to the points as the

author does.

Coherence(连贯性):Rather than an outline listed as key words and phrases, a

summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it

flow.

Objectivity(客观性):Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic.

The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only. 3. Steps to write a summary(概要写作的步骤)

1)Skim the text to find out the general theme.

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2)Analyze the text's structure to divide it into several sections, find out the main

idea of each section and write it out briefly with your own words. (one sentence)

3)Write down the key supporting points for each main idea without involving

minor details.

4)Organize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessary transitions to achieve coherence.

5)Proofread for grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes.

4. Beginning of a summary(概要写作的开)

Begin your summary with:

*The author's name

*The article's or chapter's name

*The author's thesis statement—a general overview(survey) of the article.

The Body:

First of all, the author describes??

He then points out that ??

In addition, the author talks about ??

Finally, the author suggests??

Some other introductory phrases:

*(The author) states in (this article) that?

*(The author), in (this article) shows that?

*In (this article), (the author) writes that ?

*As (the author) says in (this article),?

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*The main idea of (the author's article) is?

*The author believes (holds; maintains; claims; argues; points out; suggests;

proposes) that + clause?

*The author talks about (explains; describes; reveals; discusses; focuses on) + n.

二.记叙文概要写作

记叙文体的阅读材料,相比其他文体而言,写概要相对容易。在写概

要前,除明确文章主题外,还应抓住六个要素: when, where, who, what, why, how。在这六个要素中,所占内容比重最大的是what。一般来说,记叙文的故事概要可以用这样的模板来表示:

Who did what by because

不是说每个故事概要都包含 how 或 why,有时两者选其一即可。Directions: Please read the following passage and write a summary of

it in no

more than 60 words.

I took a trip to a big lake in Indonesia with my family two years ago. It was really

a huge lake with beautiful scenery all around. People were amazed

by the endless

view in front of our eyes. Later on, unlike other girls, I volunteered to go water-skiing

alone. I put on the life jacket, got on the motorboat immediately and started my

engine as soon as possible.

The lake seemed broad and endless. I was so thrilled(激动 ) to enjoy my

trip

among the mountains and waters that I sped my motorboat. Then, after some time, I

found myself in the middle of the endless lake. A sudden fear

came around me. I

didn't know where I was or even how far I had gone from the shore. What was worse,

it began to rain and it became very cold and foggy. I rode everywhere but couldn't

find my way back. It was useless for me to cry or shout for help. I was so terrified that

I began to think about all kinds of horrible things. After floating on the water

helplessly and hopelessly for a long time, suddenly I heard

someone calling my name.

Soon, a big steamboat sailed to me and they pulled me up to the

deck and asked me

if I was hurt. I couldn't say a word but cried in my father's arms.

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材料分析:根据文本内容,这是一篇故事类的记叙文,要求对其进行

概要写作。因此,我们先找出记叙文的六要素:

When—two years ago

Where—a trip to a big lake in Indonesia

Who—“ I”, the writer

What—got lost; was found

Why—go water-skiing alone; too thrilled

Result—father came to her rescue

列出了要点之后,就可以用自己的话将要点组织起来,概括成一段约50词的通顺概要:

The passage tells us the writer's experience of adventure. Once

the writer was

on a trip to a lake where she went water-skiing alone. She was so excited and

enjoyed herself that soon she got lost. Fortunately, her father finally came to her

rescue. (44 words)

三.说明文概要写作要点点拨

说明文体的阅读材料内容大致可分为以下几类:

现象揭示类:

利弊对比类:

The passage discusses the impact of sth.

On the positive side, , but it may also

研究显示类:

The study reveals that

The purpose of the report is to show that

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Directions: Please read the following passage and write a summary of it in no

more than 60 words.

Most packaging material ends up in a landfill after it is thrown away. Though

necessary, landfills take up valuable space, often stink(发出恶臭) , and can leak

harmful substances into the soil. Landfills not included, the production of packaging

material itself is a major source of air and water pollution.

The programme worked well at first. However, the amount of rubbish has begun

to increase again. One reason for this is that many consumers no longer reduce

waste because they think the problem is solved. It seems that

to properly deal with

the problem of rubbish, everyone must remain alert and do their part. 材料分析:根据文本内容,这是一篇讲包装材料所带来的问题的说明

文,要求对其进行概要写作。因此,我们必须首先弄清每一段落的主

要内容是什么。

第一段开头第一句话“A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often

makes up more than 30 percent of the total.”是段落的中心句,同时也

点明了文章的主题,后面就在以牙膏为例进行举例说明。第二段主要

讲的是包装材料所带来的问题,主要包括两方面,一是垃圾进入填埋

场后所造成的污染;二是这些包装材料在生产过程中会产生对空气和

水的污染。第三段主要在讲人们正在采取措施解决包装材料所带来的

问题,其中第一句“ People are now trying to solve

the problems caused by packaging materials”.是段落的中心句,后面

就在用德国的事情举例说明,政府、制造商和个人采取的措施试图解

决包装材料带来的污染问题。第四段开头的however至关重要,说明德国的方法尽管起到了一定的作用,但包装材料的污染仍然是一个大

问题,我们绝不能放松警惕。

弄清了每段的主要内容后,我们就按照概要写作的几个原则对其进行

连接,在连接段落时需要添加必要的连接词使其通顺连贯即可:

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