科技英语_(2)
第一章概论
一、科技英语翻译的标准
准确规，通顺易懂, 简洁明晰。
准确规Samples 1
We shall mention here two temperature scales, namely, the Fahrenheit scale and the Centigrade scale.
Oil and gas will continue to be our chief source of fuel.
Three of Archimedes’s extant works are devote d to plane geometry.
Translate by yourself 1:
1．The power plant is the heart of a ship.
发电设备是船只的核心。
2．The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor.
驱动这些机器的动力装置是一个50马力的发动机。
3．The largest and most expensive products can not, because of their size, be testable in the factory.
这个大型又昂贵的产品由于它的型号问题不能在这间工厂里测试，
通顺易懂Samples 2
A more common way of joining these metal pieces together is to weld them.
Molten salts range from ideally ionic fluids to molecular melts and liquid.
These compressors have proved themselves useful in a variety of ways in installations where large volumes of air or other gases are compressed.
Translate by yourself 2:
1．Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications.
被称为晶体管的半导体装置正在许多应用中取代电子管。
2．Cramped conditions mean that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely.
狭窄的情况下乘客无法自由走动。
3．All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space.
所有的身体都有重量，占据空间。
简洁明晰Samples 3
It is forbidden to dismantle it without permission so as to avoid any damage to its parts.
It should be realized that magnetic forces and electric forces are not the same.
All living things must, by reason of physiological limitations, die.
Translate by yourself 3：
1．The removal of minerals from water is called softening.
去除矿物的水被称为软水。
2．The smelting reduction process can be applied for the production of iron as well as ferroalloys.
未经熔炼的铁也被称为铁合金。
二、翻译的一般方法
1、直译与意译
2、合译与分译
3、增译与省译
4、顺译与倒译
直译与意译Samples 4
Read a book on a new subject and change your daily newspaper.
The combustion often produces hot condensed particles.
We can get more current from cells connected in parallel.
If the rate of the back-ward reaction becomes significant, the rate laws become more complex.
The law of reflection holds good for all surfaces.
Translate by yourself 4:
1．Both pumps have excellent metering performance and high vacuum lift.
泵都有好的计量性和高真空高度。
2．Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena.
爱因斯坦的相对论是唯一能解释如此现象的理论。
3．All four outer planets probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water.
这四个外部行星都可能含有金属芯，硅酸盐和水。
4．Part adjustment and repair must be performed on a regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product.
产品的部分调整和要求必须按合格的原则履行，即使一件合意的印刷品即将完成。
合译与分译Samples 5
Leaves are to the plants，what lungs are to the animals.
The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water.
With the same number of protons, all nuclei of a given element may have different numbers of neutrons.
An infected mother can pass AIDS on to her child during pregnancy or childbirth
Translate by yourself 5:
1．There are some metals which possess the power to conduct electricity and ability to be magnetized.
有些金属拥有导电的和磁化的能力。
2. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia.
医生化验了贫血症患者的血液样品。
3. The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.
太阳大小的明显变化是由接近地平线处空气中的灰尘导致的。
4. These fragments of rock and iron range from a thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one.
这些岩石和钢铁的碎片的半径从几千公里到一公里不等。
增译与省译Samples 6
A drilled hole can be made accurate and smooth by a reamer.
The amount of cell respiration depends upon the degree of activity of the organism.
Many processes have already been proposed, and one possible future process is a
smelting reduction
Th e purpose of this chapter is to describe the various fasteners or tabulate available sizes. The chips wedged between the holder and the workpiece.
In solids the force of attraction between the molecules is so great that the arrangement of the molecules becomes rigid.
Little information is given about the origin of life.
It does not matter whether we use ball bearings or plain bearing.
The inner and outer rings are graded and stored according to sizes.
Translate by yourself 6:
1．Breeding of hummingbirds takes place in May and June.
蜂鸟的繁殖在每年的五月和六月。
2．Cartography is the science of making maps.
制图学是制作地图的一门技术。
3．Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes.
我们发现自然界中的许多元素是不同同位素的混合物。
4．The average current serves as a useful criterion in determining the energy transfer.
平均电流在电能传输的过程中作为有效的标准。
5．The best solution is to continue to reduce all sources of pollution affecting our atmosphere.
改善环境最好的办法是继续减少所有污染源的排放。
6．That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental law of electricity.
像“流向相同的电流互斥，流向不同的电流相吸”是电的一个基本原理。
顺译与倒译Samples 7
The nylon nut must not protrude above the metal surface.
The sodium silicate makes the cork stick to the mold surface.
Space programs demand tremendous quantities of liquid hydrogen and oxygen as rocket fuel.
Thus the bending stress is very easily computed.
Attachments are usually not included with a standard machine.
Either or both windings may be excited by alternating or direct currents.
Translate by yourself 7:
1．The cornea is a part of the eye that helps focus light to create an image on the retina.
有助于（眼睛）聚光在视网膜上成像的眼角膜是眼睛的一部分。
2．Almost any insulated body possesses to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge.
几乎所有的绝缘体都有一定程度的短时间储存电荷的能力。
3．The angular-contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity.
这种角接触式滚珠轴承可以提供很好的轴向负荷支撑能力。
4．Singularity functions do not occur in physical systems.
物理系统中不会出现异常的功能。
5．The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation.
通过改变晶粒取向可以改变焊接点的性质。
6．Part of the immune reaction against AIDS or any virus is that the lymph nodes enlarge. 淋巴结肿大是免疫系统抵抗AIDS和其他病毒的免疫反应的一部分。
第二章词的翻译
第一节词义的选择
一、根据词类选择词义
The thickness of a tooth measured along the pitch circle is one half the circular pitch.
The earthquake measured 6.5 on the Richter scale.
We must reflect what measures to take in case of any accidental collapse of a bed.
Ductility is also important because it is a measure of that property of a material which permits it to be cold-worked.
Tran slate the following sentences with the word “round” by yourself 8:
1．The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other.
锭子同时绕两个相互垂直的轴转动。
2．The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly flattened at the poles.
地球不是一个规整的圆，在两极略微扁平。
3．In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field. 粒子在振荡电场中转动一周会吸收能量。
4．An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the
nucleus of an atom.
电子是围绕原子核转动的带负电荷的非常小的粒子。
5．Her waist measures forty inches round
她的腰围有40英寸。
二、根据上下文选择词义
以develop这一动词为例：
Packaged software is developed to serve the specific needs of one user.
Noises may develop in a worn engine.
Shorts frequently develop when insulation is worn.
Sure enough, 80 percent of the plants developed the disease.
To develop better mechanical properties is the purpose of many metal working processes. Other isolation methods are being developed.
In developing the design, we must consider the feasibility of processing.
After the war much of this knowledge was poured into the developing of the computers.
They cited cases of identical twins reared in different homes who developed very different characteristics despite identical heredity
Translate by yourself 9:
1.A mathematical or logical operation must meet a certain condition.
数学或逻辑的应用必须对应具体的情形。
2.Interactive programming conditions are now available for some commercial
programming languages.
适用于一些商业的程序语言是交互程序设计的现状。
3.The results of a biopsy indicate a rare nonmalignant condition.
活组织检查的结果表明这是一个罕见的良性疾病。
4.Doctors learn that he suffers from a blood disorder and hesitate to treat him with an
antivenin, which they believe might make his condition worse.
医生知道到他得了血液病并且是否用抗毒素对他进行中治疗是犹豫不决的，因为他觉得这样可能会加重病情。
5.The frequency with which the filter should be removed, inspected, and cleaned will be
determined primarily by aircraft operating conditions.
过滤器的拆卸，检查，维护和清洁主要取决于飞机的运行情况。
三、根据词的搭配来选择词义
以idle 为例：
idle capacity备用容量idle coil 闲圈
idle current 无功电流idle frequency闲频中心频率
idle motion 空转idle roll 传动轧辊
idle wheel (gear) 惰轮idle contact 间隔接点
idle space 有害空间idle stroke 慢行程
再以large为例：
large current 强电流large pressure 高电压
a large amount of electric power 大量的电力large loads 重载
large-screen receiver 宽屏电视接收机large capacity 高容量
large growing 生长快的
Translate by yourself 10:
Find the Translation in Column B which matches the phrase in Column A.
1．low
[ b] 1) low damping [ i ] 2) low brake
[c ] 3) low limit [ e ] 4) low shot
[ d ] 5) low current [ h ] 6) low order
[ g ] 7) low access [ f ] 8) low key
[ a ] 9) low brass
四、根据学科和专业选择词义
以英语名词carrier为例：
邮政业：“邮递员” 军事：“航空母舰”，
运输业：“搬运工” 化学：“载体”
医药学：“带菌者，媒介物” 车辆制造：“底盘”
无线电：“载波” 机械行业：“托架，传导管”
Translate by yourself 11:
Find the Translation in Column B which matches the specialty or field in Column A.
Apron
[ a] 1) 机械行业：[ c ] 2) 造船业：
[ g] 3) 建筑业：[ f] 4) 地质：
[ d] 5) 运输业：[ b] 6) 航空业：
[ e ] 7) 军事：
第二节词义的引申
一、技术性引申
After the spring has been closed to its solid height, the compressive force is removed.
The adjustment screw has stops at both sides.
The use of seal legs for feeding and discharging solids eliminates the need for complex lock hoppers.
Translate by yourself 12:
1．The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls.
滚动摩擦力产生的原因是滚动的物体和滚道接触面的形变
2．Traditionally, NC programming has been performed off-line with the machine commands being contained on a punched tape.
通常指令和穿孔带连接的NC程序是脱机完成的。
二、修辞性引申
Hand picks have been replaced by pneumatic picks and electric drills.
Computers come in a wide variety of sizes and capabilities.
The antivenin will not help; but a blood transfusion will. The treatment works.
Translate by yourself 13:
1.The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from
lack of oxygen.
大片浮动水藻的出现可能会导致大量鱼类由于缺氧而死亡。
3．The best solution that science and medicine have come up with so far is the sleeping pill, which is another mixed blessing.
科学和医学早已提出的最佳的解决方案是安眠药，但这也是既有利又有弊。三、具体化引申
把原有的语句中含义较概括、抽象、笼统的词引申为意思较为具体的词，尤其是将不定代词进行具体化引申，避免造成译文概念不清或不符合汉语表达习惯。如：
While this restriction on the size of the circuit holds, the law is valid.
This suggests that matter can be converted into energy, and vice versa.
Translate by yourself 14:
1.Many health-conscious women increase their risk by rejecting red meat, which contains
the most easily absorbed form of iron.
许多具有健康意识的女性由于拒绝吃的红肉从而增加了拒绝吸收包含大量容易吸收的铁元素的风险。
2.The data types arrays and records are native to many programming languages.
数组和记录在大多数程序语言中都是固有数据类型。
四、抽象化引申
有些词在英语中比较具体、形象，如果在上下文中不强调它的具体名称或具体说明，汉译时，则可以把它抽象化或概括化，用比较抽象的或概括的语言来表达。如：
Quantum chemistry is still in its infancy.
Chemical control will do most of things in pest control.
Translate by yourself 15:
1．Obviously, there is much room for the improvement in the structure.
显而易见，在结构上有很大的提升空间。
2．At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant.
目前为止煤炭依旧是热电厂的主要能源。
第三节词类的转换
在翻译时，常须进行词类的转换，即英语中的某一词类，并不一定译成汉语中的相应的词类，而要作适当的转换。
如：在Proper selection of bearing materials is an important design consideration.（选择适当的轴承材料是设计中要考虑的一个重要问题。）中，名词selection转译为动词“选择”。
又如：Concrete slab paving will be provided throughout the enclosed boiler area.（锅炉封闭部分全部采用混凝土平板地面。）中，介词throughout 转译为副词“全部”。
词类转换主要有以下四种情况：
一、转译为动词
英语中的名词、形容词、副词、动名词和介词在翻译时均可转换成汉语的动词。
The adoption of this new device will greatly down the percentage of defective products.
The inductive coupling permits the use of EM system in aircraft.
If extremely low-cost power were ever to become available from large nuclear power plants, electrolytic hydrogen would become competitive.
The circuits are connected in parallel in the interest of a small resistance.
If one generator is out of order, the other will produce electricity instead.
In any machine, input work equals output work plus work done against friction.
Translate by yourself 16:
1. The design choices hinge upon considerations of gain, noise figure, and so forth.
设计选择的关键在于考虑增益，噪音系数等。
2. Adherence of the particle to the cell membrane is the first step in the process.
粒子附在细胞膜上是这个过程的第一步。
3. An a. c. motor is similar in construction to a d. c. motor.
直流电动机在结构上类似于交流电动机。
4. This in a large measure is responsible for the high accuracy obtainable from such systems.
它主要负责在这样的系统中获得高精度
5. Such service will certainly go far in extending the life cycle of older equipment.
这种服务将肯定会延长旧设备的使用周期。
6. This type of film develops in twenty minutes.
这种胶卷冲洗要20分钟。
二、转译为名词
英语中的动词、代词和形容词等也可以转译成汉语的名词。
Genes can now be patented.
The application of surfactants aims to simplify work processes.
This means the permittivity of oil is greater than that of air.
The most effective measures for deterring gene piracy will be those that prevent it altogether.
Television is different from radio in that it sends and receives a picture.
Hummingbirds are typically loners, bonding with the opposite sex for only the few seconds it takes to mate.
What a motor does is to change electrical energy into mechanical driving power.
Translate by yourself 17:
1. Momentum is defined as the product of the velocity and a quantity called the mass of the body.
动力可以定义为
2. The radioactivity of the new element is several million times stronger than that of uranium.
这种新物质的放射性是铀放射性的几百倍。
3. A body that recovers completely and resumes its original dimensions is said to be perfectly elastic.
体积可以完全恢复和复原成原来的大小就说它具有良好的弹性。
4. All metals tend to be ductile.
任何金属都具备延展性。
6.Smoke detectors located in each elevator lobby over the elevator call button.
烟雾检测器每个电梯门口升降按钮的上方。
三、转译为形容词
英语中的名词、副词等也可以转译成汉语的形容词。
The chief drawback is the length of the curing cycle at high temperatures.
This experiment is an absolute necessity in determining the solubility.
The induction of a circuit is of great importance only where the current is changing.
Quite apparent is the fact that most laser beams are exceedingly directed, or highly collimated.
Earthquakes are closely related to faulting.
Light waves differ in frequency just as sound waves do.
The grouping of molecules around a given molecule changes continually.
Translate by yourself 18:
1. It is possible to differentiate these reactions owing to their difference in intensity.
2.It is a success to replace steam with mercury vapor.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/8b11983523.html,puters are of great help to scientists and engineers; that is why they are widely used in different branches of science and engineering.
4.This communication system is chiefly characterized by its simplicity of operation.
5.As the nature of the soil often varies considerably on the same construction site, the capacity of the soil to support loads also varies.
6.The range of the spectrum in which heat is radiated mostly lies within the infrared portion.
四、转译为副词
通常形容词、动词、名词可转译为副词。
Natural environments can be easily ruined by inappropriate exploration.
Oxygen is of great significance in the chemical change.
This experiment is an absolute necessity in determining the solubility.
In actual tests this point is difficult to obtain.
Rapid evaporation tends to make the steam wet.
Each sample must be submitted with full particulars of its source.
Translate by yourself 19:
1.In case of use without conditioning the electrode, frequent calibrations are required.
2.A further word of caution regarding the selection of standard sizes of materials is necessary.
3.There is superficial similarity between the two devices.
科技英语翻译Unit 1—Unit 7
Unit 1 Electronics:Analog and Digital 1.As with series resonance, the greater the resistance in the circuit the lower the Q and, accordingly, the flatter and broader the resonance curve of either line current or circuit impedance. 对于串联谐振，电路中的电阻愈大Q值就愈低，相应地线路电流或电路阻抗的谐振曲线也就愈平、愈宽。 2.A wire carrying a current looks exactly the same and weighs exactly the same as it does when it is not carrying a current. 一根带电的导线其外表与重量都与不带电导线完全一样。 3.Click mouse on the waveform and drag it to change the pulse repetition rate, or directly enter a new value of the period in the provided dialogue box, while keeping the pulse width unchanged. 在波形上点击鼠标并拖动来改变脉冲重复频率，或者在提供的对话框中直接输入新的周期值，而保持脉冲宽度不变。 4.Electronics is the science and the technology of the passage of charged particles in a gas, in a vacuum, or in a semiconductor. Please note that particle motion confined within a metal only is not considered electronics. 电子学是一门有关带电粒子在气体、真空或半导体中运动的科学技术。注意，在本书中粒子运动仅限于金属的情况不属于电子学。 5.Hardware technologies have played vital roles in our ability to use electronic properties to process information, but software and data processing aspects have not developed at the same speed. 硬件技术在我们使用电子特性来处理信息的能力中一直起着重要作用，而软件及数字处理方面却没能与硬件同步发展。 6.However, in a properly designed DC amplifier the effect of transistor parameter variation, other than Ico, may be practically eliminated if the operation point of each stage is adjusted so that it remains in the linear operation range of the transistor as temperature varies. 然而在设计得当的直流放大器中，若调节每一级的工作点使之在温度变化时保持在晶体管线性区，就能在实际上消除Ico以外的晶体管参数变化所造成的影响。
英语单词 科技类
洛基英语雅思写作高频词汇：科技类 1. advanced science 尖端科学 2. scientific invention 科学发明 3. exert a far-reaching impact on…对…产生一种深远的影响 4. double-edged sword 双刃剑 5. earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的改变 6. pay the way for the future development 为未来的发展铺平道路 7. lay a solid foundation for…为…打下良好的基础 8. energy crisis 能源危机 9. depletion of resources 能源消耗 10. milestone 里程碑 11. sophisticated equipment 尖端设备 12. technical innovation科技创新 13. expediency权宜之计 14. antithetical与…背道而驰的 15. over-commercialized 过渡商业化的 16. a heated discussion 热烈的讨论 17. exhaust gas 废气 18. disastrous 灾难性的 19. overshadow使…相形见绌 20. compared to/with…与…相比 21. usher in 引领 22. speedy and comfortable 既快捷又舒适 23. opposite forces 负面影响 24. a fatal breakdown 致命故障 25. potential hazards 潜在危险 26. pose a threat to…对…有一种威胁 27. promote relative industries 促进相关产业发展 28. accelerate 加速… 29. means of transportation 交通方式 30. transportation tools 交通工具 31. social status 社会地位 32. environmentally-friendly resources 环保的能源 33. make people's life easier 使人们生活更方便 34. alternative fuel 可替代燃料 35. sustainable development 可持续性发展 36. scientific exploration 科学探索 37. air travel 航空旅行 38. ridiculous 可笑的 39. absurd 荒唐的 40. substitute 取代 41. overcome difficulties 克服困难 42. make progress 取得进步 43. a sense of national pride 民族自豪感
科技英语常用连接词
first,firstly, to begin with, further, in the first place second,secondly, to start with, still, furthermore third,thirdly, what is more, last, last but not least also, and then, next, besides and equally important too moreover besides in addtion finally 2)表转折； by contrast although though yet at the same time but despitethe fact that even so in contrast nevertheless even though for all that notwithstanding on the contarary however in spite of on the other hand otherwise instead still regardless 3)表因果； therfore consequently because of for the reason thus hence due to owing to so accordingly thanks to on this account since as on that account in this way for as a result as a consequence 4）表让步： still nevertheless concession granted naturally in spite of all the same of course despite even so after all 5)表递近： furthermore moreover likewise what is more besides also not only...but also... too in addtion 6)表举例： for example for instance for one thing that is to illustrate as an illustration a case in point 7)表解释： as a matter of fact frankly speaking in this case namely in other words
《信息科技英语翻译》期末考试 A卷参考答案
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英语专业(科技英语方向)培养方案
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九、周次分配 十、教学进程安排 符号说明：━理论教学★入学教育～军训×实习// 课程设计●毕业设计（论文）△考试
科技英语表达常用句型培训资料
2．“完成”、“达到”、“实现”等的表示法 常用的动词有： accomplish 完成 achieve 完成；达到finish 结束，完成 attain 达到；完成fulfil(l) 履行；执行；完成 carry out 执行；进行；实现perform 执行，完成 complete 完成；结束reach 达到 do 实行；完成realize 实现 effect 实现；达到proceed 进行常用名词有： accomplishment 完成 achievement 完成，达到fulfil(1)ment 实现，完成；达到 attainment 达到，完成performance 执行，完成 completion 完成，结束realization 实现 4．“优点”、“好处”、“益处”等的表示法 常用词语有： advantage 优点，好处 benefit 好处；利益excellent/good/outstanding merit 优点；长处features 优点；优异的特点 profit 益处；得益virtue 优点，长处 goodness 优良，优势good qualities 优点 superiority 优越性strong points 优点
accord 符合，一致be in agreement with … agree 符合，一致be in accord with … 与……相一致（符合）coincide 一致，相符be in conformity with … conform (使)一致，（使）符合be consistent with … correspond to …符合于…bring … into correspondence with …使…与…一致起来 常用的名词有：常用的形容词有： accord 一致，符合consistent 一致的，符合的agreement 符合，一致accordant 一致的 coincidence 符合，一致conformable 一致的，符合的correspondence 符合，一致corresponding 一致的，符合的 6．“让步”的表示法 常用词语有： although／whereas／while／whilst 虽然 in spite of／despite尽管，虽然 in spite of the fact that …虽然 irrespective of／regardless of …不论，不管 no matter+疑问词(how，what，when，where等)无论… whatever 无论什么，不论什么 whichever 无论哪个 whenever 无论何时 wherever 无论在哪里 whether … or …不管…还是… even if／even though 即使 however + adj. / adv. 无论怎样 adj. / adv. + as 尽管，虽然 in any case 无论如何 常用词语结构有： appear / seem + to V 看来，似乎 appear / look / seem + like + NP 看来像…，看来是…的样子 look + as if / though …看来好像… It appears / looks／seems + as if/though．．．看来好像(仿佛)… It appears / seems + that …看来…
科技英语专业术语的借用
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shoe 鞋子闸瓦，履带片 cup 杯子皮碗，轴套 bed 床底座，机床身 bench 长凳拉床，钳工台 house 房子箱体，罩 disk 唱片硬磨盘 desk 书桌控制屏 table 桌子放料盘 三、借用人体器官名称的专业术语 英语日常用语意义机械专业术语意义eye 眼孔环 ear 耳吊钩 mouth 口开度 nose 鼻喷嘴 hand 手手柄，指针 finger 手指厚薄规 foot 脚支座 head 头冒口，刀架 neck 颈座 body 身体机身 hair 头发游丝 tooth 牙齿粗糙面 [NextPage]
科技英语翻译的注意事项
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科技英语中专业术语的翻译
科技英语中专业术语的 翻译 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
科技英语中专业术语的翻译 1.意译：根据科技术语的含义，将其翻译成汉语里和它完全对等的名词就叫意译。对单个词语来说，意译也就是直译。意译法是最常用的翻译方法，它能使读者直接了解术语的含义。例子如下： ①firewall ．．．．．．．． ：防火墙 ②data mining ．．．．．．．．．． ：数据挖掘 ③automatic program control ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ：自动程序控制 2.形译：英语中有些科技术语的前半部分是表示该术语形象的字母或单词，翻译成汉语时可把这一部分翻译成表示具体形象的词，或保留原来的字母，这就叫形译。例子如下： I ．-．bar ．．． 工字钢、工字条；O ．-．ring ．．．． 环形圈；twist ．．．．．-．drill ．．．．．麻花钻；X ．-．Ray ．．．X 光；α．-．brass ．．．．． α黄铜[1] 3.音译：根据英语发音翻译成汉语里相应的词。科技英语中某些有专业名词构成的术语、单位名称、新型材料的名称等，在翻译时都可采用音译法。例子如下： gene ．．．． 基因；quark ．．．．． 夸克；Pentium ．．．．．．． 奔腾 celluloid ．．．．．．．．． 赛璐璐；nylon ．．．．． 尼龙 Hertz ．．．．．（Hz ）赫兹（频率单位）；lumen ．．．．．流明（光通量单位） 4.缩写词：英语首字母缩写词在科技新词中占很大比重，这类词如果译成汉语，就显得拖沓冗长，因此很多情况下干脆不翻译。例子如下： CPU ．．．：．C ．entral Processing Unit ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．(中央处理器) ASCII ．．．．．：．American S ．．．．．．．．．tandard ．．．．．．． C ．ode ．．． for ．．． I ．nformation ．．．．．．．．．． I ．nterchange ．．．．．．．．．． (美国信息交换标准码) ATM ．．．：．A ．synchronous ．．．．．．．．．．． T ．ransfer ．．．．．．． M ．ode ．．． (异步传输方式) 一些国际组织的缩写也常采用这种办法。例子如下： WTO ．．．(国际贸易组织)；UNESCO ．．．．．．(联合国教科文组织)；WHO ．．．(世界卫生组织)；IOC ．．． (国际奥委会)
实用科技英语翻译-期末考试复习题
2009-2010学年第2学期 《实用科技英语翻译》期末考试题型和复习题 I Answer the following questions related to EST Translation (30’)（2个题） 1. What’s the definition of EST (English of Science & Technology)? EST (English for Science & Technology or Technical English or Scientific English) is a special language variety widely used in the fields of science and technology. It’s believed that it first came to being in the 1950s along with the rapid development of science and technology, and it many researchers and scholars began to conduct investigation of this common feature of this special genre including reading comprehension, writing and even translation. 2. What are stylistic features of EST? Completely different from other genres such as everyday English, literature English, EST has its own stylistic features due to the specialty in content, field and discourse functions, and partly due to the unique habits of EST writers, which are mostly represented in lexical level and syntactical level. 3. What are the general features of Compound Technical Terms? A. accuracy（确切性）: accurately reflect the nature of the concept B. monosemy（单义性）: one sense for one word C .systematization（系统性）:the individual technical terms in a given field should be in a specific level so as to constitute a common system D. linguistically correct（语言的正确性）: in accordance with the word-formation in the same language E. conciseness（简明性）: concise and easy to remember F. motivation（理据性）: just as the name implies, one can know the meaning of the word.
科技英语翻译(1)
邢骏杰信息工程1班20091309010 We use touch screens everywhere: tourist kiosks, automatic teller machines, point-of-sale terminals, industrial controls. Half a dozen vendors, plus in-house departments at major manufacturers, produced $800 million worth in 2000. The market is growing because the interfaces are easy-to-use, durable and inexpensive. Touch screens employ one of three physics principles for detecting the point of touch. Pressing a “resistive” design with a finger or other stylus raises a voltage. In “capacitive” models, a finger draws a minute current (this method is often used for cursor pads on notebook computers). In other designs, a finger or stylus interrupts a standing pattern of acoustic waves or infrared lights that blanket the surface. Resistive screens are the oldest, most widely used and least expensive, and they work with any stylus (finger, pen). Capacitive screens must be touched by a finger or an electrically grounded stylus to conduct current. Wave screens are the newest and most expensive. Surface acoustic wave screens must be touched by a finger or a soft stylus such as a pencil eraser to absorb energy; infrared screens work with any stylus. The different technologies may be used in the same applications, although pros and cons lead to prevalent combinations: resistive screens for industrial controls and Palm Pilots; capacitive screens for slot machines; wave screens for A TMs and indoor kiosks. Most people are unaware of the type of screen they are using. But tricks can help you tell, according to Frank Shen of Elo TouchSystems in Fremont, Calif., the largest U.S. maker. Push the screen lightly with your fingernail (not your skin). If it responds, it could be resistive or infrared. In this case, place two separated fingers aga inst the screen at the same time. If the cursor moves beneath one finger, the unit is infrared (software registers the first touch); if the cursor moves between the fingers, it is resistive (the points are averaged). If the unit does not respond to your fingernail, again place two separated fingers against it. If the cursor moves beneath one finger, the unit is acoustic wave; if the cursor moves between the fingers, it is capacitive.
专业英语科技词汇必背
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks 深层卷积神经网络 semantic 英[s??m?nt?k] 美[s??m?nt?k] adj.<语>语义的，语义学的; [例句]He did not want to enter into a semantic debate. 他不想就语义进行争辩。 segmentation 英[?segmen?te??n] 美[?s?ɡm?n?te??n, -m?n-] n.分割; 分段; 切分; 分节; [例句]This paper focuses on the image segmentation, which is one of the key problems in medical image processing. 对图像分割进行了研究，这是医学图像处理中的关键问题之一。 classification 英[?kl?s?f??ke??n] 美[?kl?s?f??ke??n] n.分类; 分级; 类别; （动植物等的）分类学; [例句]Its tariffs cater for four basic classifications of customer. 它的价目表适合4个基本类别的顾客。 [其他]复数：classifications recognition 英[?rek?g?n??n] 美[?r?k?ɡ?n???n] n.认识，识别; 承认，认可; 褒奖; 酬劳; [例句]George said, 'Ida, how are you?' She frowned for a moment and then recognition dawned. 'George Black. Well, I never.' 乔治说：“艾达，你好吗？”她皱了一会儿眉头，然后才认出他。“乔治·布莱克，噢，我一直都不好。” [其他]复数：recognitions detection 英[d??tek?n] 美[d??t?k??n] n.侦查; 检查; 察觉; 发觉; [例句]They are cheating but are sophisticated enough to avoid detection. 他们在作弊，但因为手法老练没有被发现。 [其他]复数：detections illumination 英[??lu:m??ne??n] 美[??lum??ne??n] n.照明; 阐明，解释清楚; <物>照度; 彩饰，图案花饰; [例句]The only illumination came from a small window high in the opposite wall. 唯一的亮光来自对面墙上高处的一扇小窗子。
科技英语中专业术语的翻译
科技英语中专业术语的翻译 1. 意译：根据科技术语的含义，将其翻译成汉语里和它完全对等的名词就叫意译。对单个词语来说，意译也就是直译。意译法是最常用的翻译方法，它能使读者直接了解术语的含义。例子如下：①firewall防火墙 ②data mining数据挖掘 ③automatic program control：自动程序控制 2. 音译：根据英语的发音翻译成汉语里相应的词。科技英语中某些由专有名词构成的术语、单位名称、新型材料的名称等，在翻译时都可采用音译法。例子如下： ●gene基因；quark夸克；Pentium奔腾 ●celluloid赛璐珞；nylon尼龙 ●Hertz(Hz)赫兹（频率单位）；lumen流明（光通量单位） 3. 形译：英语中有些科技术语的前半部分是表示该术语形象的字母或单词，翻译时汉语时可把这一部分翻译成表示具体形象的词，或保留原来的字母，这就叫行译。例子如下： I-bar工字钢、工字条；O-ring环形圈；twist-drill麻花钻；X-ray X光；α-brass α黄铜[1] 4.缩写词：英语首字母缩写词在科技新词中占有很大的比重，这类词如翻译成汉语，就显得拖沓冗长，因此很多情况下干脆不翻译。例子如下： CPU：Central Processing Unit(中央处理器） ASCII：American Standard Code for Information Interchange（美国信息交换标准码） ATM：Asynchronous Transfer Mode(异步传输模式） 一些国际组织的缩写也常采用这种方法。例子如下：
WTO（世界贸易组织）；UNESCO(联合国教科文组织）；WHO（世界卫生组织）；IOC （国际奥委会） 注[1]：指含锌量≤35%的铜锌合金。
信息科技英语翻译之汉译英课外练习
信息科技英语翻译之汉译英课外练习（01） 因特网搜索工具分为两大阵营：搜索引擎，如HotBot和AltaVista，以及在线目录，如Yahoo和Lycos。两者间的差别与它们如何编撰网站编目有关。当然，对任何规律都有例外。有些搜索实用程序，如Ask Jeeves，把搜索引擎和目录方法合并成单一的软件包，希望把这两个阵营中最好的东西提供给用户。 在基于目录的搜索服务中，Web网站编目是手工编撰的。比如一直流行的Yahoo就指定专门的人力资源来接受用户对网站的建议，并对建议进行评价和分类，再把它们加到Yahoo网站上特定目录中。 通常是通过简单地填写在线表格就能把你的网站信息提交给(搜索引擎)。例如，在Yahoo 网站上，你可以在www．yahoo．com/docs/info/include．htm1上找到提交信息。由于人工干预对处理、验证和评价提交请求是必要的，所以在网站在基于目录的搜索服务中捕捉到一处之前，可望有些延迟。 另一方面，搜索引擎完全实现了编撰过程的自动化，彻底消除了人工干预。 一个叫做蜘蛛或爬虫的软件机器人自动地在整个Web上取出站点，阅读页面和跟随相关的链接。通过设计，蜘蛛可以周期性地返回到站点，检查新的页面和修改已有页面。 蜘蛛爬行得到的结果记录在搜索引擎的索引或目录中。已知了因特网上可资利用的信息的价值，对索引扩张到非常大的规模是不会感到惊讶的。例如，AltaVista的索引最近已增至3．5亿页而名列前茅。这个数字看来好像非常大，但总体估计它仅代表了Web上不足35%的页面。 由于已编索引的信息的深度与广度(非常大)，所以通常在“蜘蛛爬行过”站点的时间与出现在搜索索引中的时间之间有一个延迟，有时多达几周。只有这两步的过程完成之后，站点才能供搜索查询使用。 最后，每个搜索引擎的心脏是一种算法，它将关键字查询与索引中的信息匹配起来，并按算法认为最有关联的顺序把结果列出。 由于每种搜索引擎的蜘蛛、产生的索引和搜索算法都是不一样的，所以在不同搜索引擎上的搜索结果和排列次序是不同的。这就解释了为什么当相同的关键字搜索准则输入进去时，HotBot中排在最前面的10个站点不会出现在AltaVista中最前面的站点中。 此外，很多(但不是所有的)搜索实用程序也引用元标记(文档中用来描述其内容的、看不见的HTML标记)，作为控制内容如何编索引的方法。因此，在整个站点中正确使用元标记也能提高(此站点)在搜索引擎中的排列名次
科技英语翻译
形合和意合 1.昨天看电影我没有买到好票。 I did not buy good seat for movie last day. 2.这个车间既做来料加工，又做来样加工。 This workshop processes raw material on client’s demand and processes according to investor’s sample as well. 3.她在中国留学服务中心工作。 She works at Chinese service center for Scholarly Exchange. 4.烤烟，苹果，羊毛和甘薯是延安的四大农产品，年产量3.12亿元，占农业总产值的52.5%。 Cured tobacco, apples, wool and sweet potatoes are the four main agricultural products in Yan’an, their output values at 312 million yuan RMB, according for 5.2% of its total agricultural output values. 5.可以预言，钛材在飞机或各种飞行器上的应用将会与日俱增，并且在其他工业中的应用也会扩大。 It can be prophesied that titanium materials will be used increasing in aerospace and in other industries. 6.If rise of blood pressure occurs with some other disease, it is called secondary hypertension. 某种与其他疾病伴发的高血压，称为继发性高血压 7.Change of information, if any, concerning the contents of this section will be found in the appendix at the end of this book. 本节内容如有更改，均见本书末附录。 8.一种微生物能够破坏另一种微生物，这种现象最早是巴斯德发现的，他指出这可以用到医疗上去。 That a microganism is capable of destroying one of anther species was first discovered by Pasteur, who pointed out that can be used to the therapeutic use. 英汉句子中心的差异 1.他们培育出的细胞看上去像胚胎干细胞，这的确令人惊讶。 It’s truly amazing that they can produce cells that look like embryoric stem cells. 2.1968年12月阿波罗8号宇宙飞船上那些想家的宇航员们在太空拍下了整个地球的彩照，此后在1970年4月很快就出现了第一个地球日，这绝非是历史的偶然。 It’s no accident of history that the first Earth Day in April 1970 came so soon after the color photograghs of the whole earth from space were made by homesick astronauts on the Apollo 8 mission to the moon December 1968. 3.你们已经取得了进步，对此我毫不怀疑。 There has been no doubt in my mind of the progress which you have achieved. 4.由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快的重新实现访问，这使我感到特别高兴。 I was all the more delighted when as a result of the initiative of your government, it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly. 5.由于现代世界的发展和近年来在单门学科狭窄前沿上的研究进展，出现一些极其复杂的难题，单凭一两人的力量是无法对它们进行透彻研究的。 One cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world and by recent development in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline. 6.这种小型热带鱼由于具有自行修复受损和患病的眼部细胞的独特能力，长期以来一直为科学家所关注。The tiny tropical fish has long interested scientists because of its unique ability to repair damaged and diseased cells in their own eyes. 7.不努力就不会成功。 One can never succeed without making great efforts.