高考英语阅读理解解题策略
高考英语阅读理解解题策略
近五年来，高考英语阅读理解一直保持较高的难度，以江苏卷为例，2013和2014两年难度特别高，2016年英语试题难度系数比2015年略低，但阅读理解的难度并没有降低。阅读理解以考查细节理解和推理判断为主，近年来考查主旨大意的题呈上升趋势（见图表）。阅读量从2012年2063词，2015年2217词到2016年2326词，呈逐年增加的趋势，其中一个显著特点是阅读理解D篇较长，2012～2016年均在600～700词左右。
2012～2016年江苏高考阅读理解四种题型统计
“得阅读者得天下”道出了高考英语取得高分的秘诀。阅读理解在试卷中所占比重大、分值高，提升阅读能力是提高英语成绩的前提。针对江苏高考试卷阅读理解难度偏大、篇幅长、生词多、长句、难句增加的特点，教学中教师应该把提升学生的阅读能力放在优先位置。重视阅读并保持每天一定量的阅读是提高阅读能力的关键。教师在平时教学中要注重对阅读理解训练的倾斜，每周的课堂中要有固定的时间段进行限时阅读，对解题速度做出明确要求，限时
完成，规定四篇阅读用时35分钟左右。通过规范的阅读训练课，学生在获取信息、分析理解问题和解决问题的能力方面会稳步提高。阅读理解材料主要来源于实际生活、紧贴时代、反映英美文化等特点。所选文章多源于国外的英文图书、报刊、网络媒体。从体裁看，文章多为记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文。课堂阅读训练确保让学生读到原汁原味、地道纯正、具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点的阅读材料，使学生了解更多的文化背景知识，熟悉当今英美等国家历史文化、人物传记、科技教育等方面的社会知识，对提高阅读能力将大有益处。
高考阅读理解内容多，时间紧，不仅需要学生具备扎实的基础知识，而且还需要较快的阅读速度，因此阅读方法和技巧显得尤为重要。下面就阅读理解中的四种常见题型的解题技巧进行简要的归纳和点拨。
一细节理解类
细节理解题主要考查考生对文章某一段落中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。考生一般可以直接从文章中找到明?_的答案。这类题要求考生既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念，且能理解某句、某段的意义；常见的问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、地点（where）、
原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等，新闻、说明文、广告信息等文章中常常考查这些细节。近几年江苏高考试题来看，细节理解题目由简单信息题转向多层次细节推理综合题考查。例如：
2016年江苏卷B篇
此文从猩猩的自私行为导入到人类无私帮助他人的天性，从而表明人类愿意帮助他人、愿意与他人合作是一种独特的天性。
58.What can we learn from the experiment with chimps？
A.Chimps seldom care about others'interests.
B.Chimps tend to provide food for their children.
C.Chimps like to take in their neighbors'food.
D.Chimps naturally share food with each other.
简析：A。细节理解题。根据文章第一段：But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings，they have little instinct（本能）to help one another.及第二段：If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or，with no great effort，a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage，he will pull at random―he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not.Chimps are truly
selfish.可得知黑猩猩不关心、不在乎同类。故A项正确。C
项干扰较大，黑猩猩只是自私，而不是喜欢那么做。
解题策略点拨
1.直接信息题
对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。
2.间接信息题
对原文信息进行加工处理，再进一步进行推理或鉴别，这是介于直接信息题和推理判断题之间的一种题型。考查间接信息题时，还会采取以下方式：数字计算题、排列顺序题、图形图画题等。
二推理判断类
这类题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出合理的判断和推理，进而概括出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，应严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措辞、态度和语气等，找出能够反映作者思想倾向和
感情色彩的词语，然后利用已有的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。当题目问及作者本人的看法、意图与态度时，应力求从作者的角度去考虑，不能依据自己的看法或观点做出推断。推断题常见有细节推断题、因果推断题、态度观点推断题及篇章结构推断题等几类。例如：
2017届苏州市一模阅读理解B篇
该篇主要讲述了人们对人工草坪大量使用对环境及野生动物的危害的担忧。
59.What can be inferred from what Robert Redcliffe says？
A.Wildlife is likely to be threatened.
B.All e njoy the convenience of artificial lawns.
C.He focuses on keeping the balance of ecology.
D.Parents spend more time accompanying children.
简析：A。根据第一段：The spread of no-mai ntenance artificial lawns is threatening wildlife and rare
plants，conservationists....Gardens are an increasingly important shelter for wildlife which was forced into withdrawing from the countryside by loss of the natural homes and intensive farmi ng.再结合Robert Redcliffe of Namgrass，which currently sells 10，000 square meters of artificial grass perweek，says business is
booming，...可推断出人工草坪的大量使用对生态肯定造成很大影响，进而使野生生物的生存受到威胁。
解题策略点拨
1.细节推断题
要求考生根据语篇，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等。考生要从文章本身所提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。
2.因果推断题
要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因或根据已有的原因推断可能的结果。考生要准确理解文章的内涵，把握文章的真正含义。找准事物?g存在的因果关系信息，根据已有信息，进行分析判断和推理，最终推断出符合逻辑的原因或最可能导致的结果。
3.态度观点推断题
作者态度、倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是持中立的态度。对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之
中，做题时，要善于抓住这些关键词。
4.篇章结构推断题
根据不同文章的内容和写作目的，作者会采用记叙、描写、议论、说明或应用文体。作者也会采用叙述、例证、比较对照等不同的组织结构。答题时须从作者写作手法入手，分清层次、明确主旨，并能找出文中作者的观点以及与其紧密相关的论据说明。
三主旨大意类
主旨大意题考查考生在理解全文后归纳文章要点，概括中心思想的能力，主要是对基本论点（argument）、文章标题（title）、主题（topic）、大意（general
idea）或段落大意（main idea of
paragraph）进行设问。近年来，该类题目考查深度、难度在不断加大。解题时须对文章的主旨大意进行综合、归纳、推断后，方可得出正确答案。例如：
2016年江苏卷B篇（记叙文）
该篇讲述了在北京奥运会上获得女子100米短跑金牌的牙买加运动员Shelly-
Ann的奋斗故事，给人们一个启示：人生要有梦想、有远大的抱负才能走得更远。
70.What is the best title for the passage？
A.The Making of a Great Athlete
B.The Dream for Champ iionship
C.The Key to High Performance
D.The Power of Full Responsibility
简析：A。主旨大意题。本文介绍了牙买加著名女飞人shell y-
Ann出身贫穷，却凭借超乎常人的训练强度，数年之内就一跃成长为世界一流的短跑运动员的故事。这个故事告诉我们要想成功就要经过艰苦的努力，故A项正确，B、C、D三项的范围有些过大，有些过小，与文章不符。
解题策略点拨
1.标题归纳类
标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式。在阅读中不仅要求考生能够通过已知的信息概括出段落的中心思想，还要对概括出的中心思想加以提炼，选定段落的标题。
标题选择遵循四字原则：精、准、全、新。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章讨论的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。标题的特点是短小精悍，涵盖
性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小。
2.主旨大意类
英语文章的主题句多数置于段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节，在议论文、科技文献和新闻报道多采用这种格式。先看首尾或各段开头再到全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括，如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词。
当文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，作者的观点才是最关键的。注意一些转折词，如but，yet，however，altho ugh，in spite of，by contrast，on the
contrary等，答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点，排除迷惑性信息，如以偏概全、断章取义、主题扩大的干扰选项，准确归纳主旨大意。
四词义猜测类
词义猜测题考查考生通过阅读上下文，结合自己已有知识，根据已知的信息来推测尚不熟悉的词或句子的意思的能力。猜词悟义是考查考生语言运用能力的常见题型。考生
应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义
、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。例如：
2017届苏州市一模阅读理解C篇该篇是对小说To Kill a Mockingbird《杀死一只知更鸟》评价极高的一篇书评。
66.What does the underlined word“trailed”most probably mean in Paragraph 1？
A.Was as good as.
B.Tried hard to defeat.
C.Went along the same route as.
D.Had a lower score than.
简析：D。Lee's book trailed only The Bible.Alongside the works of Shakespeare and Twain，this novel remains one of the most widely taught books nationwide，reaching about 70% of American public
schools.根据下文画线部分（这部小说与莎士比亚和马克?吐温的作品一样，至今仍然在全国被广泛阅读）的提示，可
以判断这本书的受欢迎的程度很高，仅次于The
Bible，故选D。trail在此表示“落后”。
解题策略点拨
1.根据定义和解释来猜测词义。为了证实或说明某一观点，常会举一些例子，而且会用一些标志性语言或标点符号来
引出，如括号、破折号、冒号等，或诸如for example，for instance，such as，and so on，just
as，like，similarity或是that is/it means/refers
to/i.e.等连接词或词组。例如：The period of adolescence，i.e.，the period between children and adulthood.通过i.e.后的内容可以看出adolescence（青年时期）就是指the period between childhood and adulthood.
2.根据同义、反义、对等关系猜测词义。在生词所在的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或反义的词语，这时可根据熟悉的词语的含义推知生词的含义。例如：Mike is rather thin while his wife was really
obese.在本句中while前后的内容形成一个对照关系，可以看出obese与thin为反义的关系，是fat的意思。
3.根据逻辑关系和上下文猜测词义。根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指运用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑关系推断生词词义或大致义域。例如：You should cut this paragraph so this essay will be more succinct.本句中cut this paragraph的目的是this essay will be more succinct，由此推??succinct的意义应该和simple接近。
4.通过构词法来猜测词义
（1）转化：指词的形式不变而词性发生变化的一种构词法
。如：名词nurse“护士”，转化成动词表示“护理”；free转化成动词表示“释放；解除；使摆脱”。
（2）合成：指由两个或两个以上的具有独立含义的单词组合成一个新的单词。主要有合成动词、合成形容词、合成名词等。合成词要在正确理解两词的基础上，结合上下文把握两词之间的关系，猜测词义。
（3）派生：指由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的单词。掌握了一定的构词知识，就较容易猜出它的词义。前后缀规律，如un-，im-，in-，dis-，il-等前缀与-
less等后缀可构成反义词；后缀-ful，-ly，-ism，-
ness等可改换词性。
2009年-2018年十年江苏高考英语真题 任务型阅读(含答案)
2009-2018年高考真题任务型阅读 2009年： Communication Principles How you see yourself can make a great difference in how you communicate．“Every individual exists in a continually changing world of experience of which he（or she）is the center”．Many communication scholars and social scientists believe that people are products of how others treat them and of the messages others send them．But every day we experience the centrality of our selves in communication．A student．for instance，may describe a conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment：“I know my teacher doesn?t like the fact that I don?t agree with his opinions．and that?s why he gave me such a poor grade in that class．”The teacher might say the opposite．Each person may believe that he is correct and that the ot her person?s view is wrong．The concept of serf originates in communication．Through verbal and nonverbal symbols, a child learns to accept roles in response to the expectations of others．You establish self-image。The sort of person you believe you are，by how others think of you．Positive，negative，and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you are．Communication itself is probably best understood as a dialogue process．Our understanding of communication comes from our interactions with other people．In a more obvious way．communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share．So，the communication begins with the self，as defined largely by others，and involves others，as defined largely by the self． Communication Occurs almost every minute of your life．If you are not communicating with yourself（thinking，planning，reacting to the world around you），you are observing others and drawing inferences from their behavior．Even if the other person did not intend a message for you．you gather observations and draw specific conclusions．A person yawns and you believe that person is bored with your message．A second person looks away from you and you conclude that person is not listening to you．A third person smiles（perhaps because of a memory of a joke he heard recently）and you believe that he is attracted to you．We are continually picking up
高考英语阅读理解中的提问方式及解题方法
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英语阅读理解解题技巧
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高中英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧纵观近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解能力是高考考查的重点，自始至终占主导地位，并且有逐年增加的趋势。做好阅读理解，是获得高考英语高分的关键。 阅读理解能力测试的主要要： 1．阅读材料，理解材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节。 2．既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。 3．既理解文章的字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。 4．既理解某句、某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。 5．既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应具有的常识去理解判断。 根据这五项要求，我们可将阅读理解多项选择题归纳为以下几种题型：主题主旨大意，细节理解题，综合推理题，概括归纳题，观点归纳题，人物评价题，词义句义理解题，指代关系题，容排序题等。下面结合自己平时教学中的经验体会，谈一谈做英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略。 一．主旨大意题 阅读理解首先要做到的就是掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，它是全文的概括与总结。能否抓住这个中心，取决于读者的总结能力。每篇短文都有其主题思想，而作者表现主题思想的手法各不相同。这就需要我们挖掘相同点，寻找解题的方法。 常见题型 1．主题型：What’s the main idea of this passage ? What does this passage mainly discuss? What’s the topic of this passage ? 2．标题型：What’s the best title? The best title for this text is (to tell ) ______. 3．目的型：The main purpose of this text is ________. The author’s purpose of writing this text is to _______. What’s the main purpose of the passage? 解题指导 1．抓住主题句。它们一般位于文章的开头或结尾。同时，也可以贯穿各段中心句进行总结。 2．抓住文章逻辑线索，理清发展脉络。作者往往会采取举例、比较、分类、归纳等不同方法来组织文章。 3．把握文章的体裁，分清文体，确定思维方向。 4．体会作者的写作意图和所要表达的思想感情，辨清褒贬态度。 二．词义理解题
高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案及解析
高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 I was born on the 17th of November 1828, in the village of Nam Ping, which is about four miles southwest of the Portuguese Colony (殖民地) of Macao, and is located on Pedro Island lying west of Macao, from which it is separated by a channel of half a mile wide. As early as 1834, an English lady, Mrs. Gutzlaff, wife of a missionary to China, came to Macao. Supported by the Ladies' Association in London for the promotion of female education in India and the East, she immediately took up the work of starting a girls' school for Chinese girls, which was soon followed by the opening of a boys' school. Mrs. Gutzlaff's comprador(买办) happened to come from my village and was actually my father's friend and neighbor. It was through him that my parents heard about Mrs. Gutzlaff's school and it was doubtlessly through his influence and means that my father got me admitted into the school. It has always been a mystery to me why my parents should put me into a foreign school, instead of a traditional Confucian school, where my big brother was placed. Most certainly such a step would have been more suitable for Chinese public opinion, taste, and the wants of the country, than to allow me to attend an English school. Moreover, a Chinese belief is the only avenue in China that leads to political promotion, influence, power and wealth. I can only guess that as foreign communication with China was just beginning to grow, my parents hoped that it might be worthwhile to put one of their sons to learning English. In this way he might become an interpreter and have a more advantageous position to enter the business and diplomatic world. I am wondering if that influenced my parents to put me into Mrs. Gutzlaff's School. As to what other sequences it has eventually brought about in my later life, they were entirely left in the hands of God. （1）How was the author admitted to Mrs. Gutzlaff's school? A. Through his father's friend's help. B. Through his own efforts to exams. C. Through his father's request. D. Through Mrs. Gutzlaff's influence. （2）Why did the author's parents put him into an English school？ A. An English school was more influential. B. Foreign trade with China was developing fast. C. It met with Chinese public opinion. D. He could become a successful interpreter. （3）What did the author think of his parents' decision to put him into an English school? A. It was skeptical. B. It was mysterious. C. It was thoughtful. D. It was wonderful.【答案】（1）A （2）D （3）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，小时候父亲送作者去英语学校而不是中文学校，并分析了具体原因。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Mrs. Gutzlaff's comprador(买办) happened to come from my village and was actually my father's friend and neighbor. It was through him that my parents heard about Mrs. Gutzlaff's school”可知，作者是通过父亲朋友的帮助进入到Mrs.