翻译理论与实践(笔译)期末复习及答案
浙江广播电视大学英语专业(开放本科)《翻译理论与实践》期末复习题型：一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分）二、翻译句子。
（每小题3分，共30分）三、篇章翻译（每小题40分，共40分）四、案例分析题（每小题10分，共10分）一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分）1.美国语言学家罗曼.雅各布森把翻译分成__________。
A. 语内翻译B. 语际翻译C. 符际翻译D. 以上选项都正确2. 下面哪个选项是错误的_________。
A. dry goods：纺织品B．white goods：白色的货物C．white wine：白葡萄酒D．toilet water：花露水3. “This is a special offer and is not subject to our usual discounts” 请问下面哪个译文最合适________。
A. 这是特殊报盘，不以我方通常折扣为条件。
B. 这是特惠报盘，我方通常折扣不适应于此盘。
C. 此系特惠报盘，不另加我方通常折扣。
D. 这是特殊报盘，不局限于我们通常折扣。
4．下面哪句话的描述是错误的________。
A．美国著名翻译理论家奈达提出了“动态对等”原则。
B．“动态对等”原则是指，运用交际理论和信息论的原理，将焦点从传统的译文与原文两个文本的比较转移到两个过程的比较，使人们注意到影响信息接收的各种语言和文化因素。
C．奈达曾将“动态对等”的提法改成了“功能对等”原则。
D．翻译求的是“形式对等”，而非”动态对等”。
5．_________提出了“美化之艺术，创优似竞赛”的翻译理念。
A．尤金.奈达B．泰特勒C．许渊冲D．鲁迅6. 下面哪个配对是错误的_____。
A．赤脚医生：barefoot doctor B．纸老虎：paper tigerC．to show one’s cards：摊牌D．大海捞针：look for a needle in seaD B C D C D7.哪句话的描述是正确的______。
A. 严复提出的翻译是：重神似不重形似B. 傅雷的翻译标准是：信、达、雅C. 许渊冲的翻译标准是：美化之艺术，创优似竞赛D. 泰特勒的翻译标准是：通顺8. 下面哪个选项是错误的_________。
A. dry State：实行禁酒的州B．white goods：白色的货物C．dry white wine：涩白酒D．toilet water：花露水9. 泰特勒(Tytler)提出的著名翻译原则是：_______。
A. 译文应完整地再现原文的思想内容。
B. 译文的风格、笔调应与原文的性质相同。
C. 译文应像原文一样流畅自然。
D. 以上选项都正确。
10．下面哪个选项是正确的________。
A．bring down the house 翻译为：“推倒房子”B．pull up one's socks 翻译为：鼓起勇气C．think a great deal of oneself 翻译为：“为自己想得很多”D．an apple of love 翻译为：“爱情之果”11．A book, tight shut, is but a block of paper.下面哪个译文是最合适的_____。
A．一本书，紧紧合上，只是一叠纸。
B．一本书，如果紧紧合上不读，只是一叠纸。
C．一本书，如果紧紧合上不读，只是一叠废纸。
D．闲置之书只是一叠废纸。
12. 下面哪个译文是错误的_____。
A．This is the last place where I expected to meet you. 译文：我最后在这里见到你。
B．We are sorry about the delay in sending you the revised specifications. 译文：迟迟未告你方修正规格，甚歉。
C．We regret to learn that you have failed in obtaining the licence. 译文：得知你方未能获得许可证，深表遗憾。
D．Owing to the absence of any news from you, we have sold the goods elsewhere. 译文：由于没有得到你方任何休息，我们已将该货另售别处。
C BD B D A13. 关于英汉语篇差异，下面哪个选项是错误的______。
A. 英汉语分别呈现螺旋式与直线形的特征，这从根本上讲是中西方各自重综合与重分析的思维习惯的体现。
B. 在语言构思方式和语言组织方式上，英语呈现形合特征。
C. 英汉语篇的差异还体现在两种语言在思维还存在客体意识和主体意识的差别。
D. 英汉语篇的基本差异有内在的思维和外在的衔接与连贯两个方面，内外相合影响，又相互独立。
14. 傅雷的翻译标准是：______。
A. 重形似而不重神似B．美化之艺术，创优似竞赛C. 重神似不重形似D．动态对等15. 下面哪个选项是错误的________。
A. 这衣服将很快晒干。
译文：The clothes will soon dry out in the sun.B. 夏收以后，有些农民在公路上晒粮食。
译文：After the summer harvest, some farmers spread their grains on the highway and have them dried out in the sun.C. 你把客人晒在一边是不礼貌的。
译文：It is impolite for you to ignore your guests.D. 我的皮肤晒得比你黑。
译文：My skin has become blacker than yours.16．“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch. 译文：“来啦！”她转身蹦着跳着地跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。
请问这个译文是用了什么翻译技巧A．反面着笔B．增词法C．减词法D．词类转换17．“Joan can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.”可以翻译成：_____。
A. 约翰为人可靠，他既忠诚又正直。
B. 约翰为人可靠，他一向不吃鱼，而且经常玩游戏。
C. 约翰被人依靠，他不吃鱼，玩游戏。
D. 约翰依靠别人，他很忠诚，不喜欢玩游戏。
18. 下面哪个配对是错误的_____。
A．He got all the credit for the discovery. 译文：他由于这项发现而获得各种荣誉。
B．The availability of cheap long-term credit would help small businesses. 译文：低息长期贷款可以扶持小型企业。
C．How much do I have to my credit 译文：我们的荣誉有多少呢D．They have opened the covering credit with the Bank of China, London. 译文：他们已从伦敦中国银行开立了有关的信用证。
A C D D A C19. 下面哪个选项是错误的_____。
A. 上车后请刷卡。
译文：Please brush your card when you get on the bus.B. 她刷掉她上衣的灰尘。
译文：She brushed the dust off her coat.C. 他往蛋糕上刷黄油。
译文：He brushed the cakes with butter.D. 我把桌子刷成白色。
译文：I washed the table with white.20. 下面哪个选项是错误的_______。
A. 价美物廉。
译文：fine and cheapB. 我们已按很低的价格向你们报盘。
译文：We have made you an offer at a very competitive price.C. 请报体温表最低价。
译文：Please make us your lowest quotation for Clinical Thermometer.D. 对我们的业务建议如有兴趣，请寄样品，并告最惠条款。
译文：If you feel interest in our business proposal, please send us the samples together with your best terms and conditions.21. All the multilateral arrangements need to be examined for clauses that restrict the free trade.译文：对于所有各种多边安排都必须加以审查，以便研讨其中有无限制自由贸易的条款。
请问译文用了什么翻译技巧______。
A. 省略法B. 增词法C. 词类转换D. 反面着笔22．翻译较长的句子，________。
A．英语主要考虑如何突出重点 B. 汉语主要考虑如何避免重复C. 英语主要考虑时间顺序D. 汉语主要考虑多用主从结构23．“The firm was closed owing to large losses.” 请问下面哪个译文最合适________。
A. 这个公司由于损失很大而倒闭。
B. 这家公司由于巨大亏损而倒闭。
C. 该公司因巨额亏损而倒闭。
D. 这家公司因为损失太大所以倒闭了。
24. 下面哪个配对是错误的_____。
A. This is the last place where I expected to meet you. 译文：这是我想碰到你的最后的地方。
B. 供不应求。
译文：Demand exceeds supply.C. We regret to learn that you have failed in obtaining the license. 译文：得知你方未能获得许可证，深表遗憾。
D. If you find our terms and conditions agreeable, please cable us your order for our confirmation. 译文：对我方条款如无异议，请即来电订货，以便我方确认。
A AB AC A二、翻译句子。
（每小题3分，共30分）1．The application of plastics in automobile industry has brought about great increase of the consumption. （请用增词法翻译）塑料在汽车工业上的使用大大增加了塑料的消费量。
翻译理论与实践II期末考试题型
翻译理论与实践II期末考试题型第一篇：翻译理论与实践II期末考试题型期末考试题型Part I．Multiple Choice(30 points, 1 point each)Directions: This part consists of thirty sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D．Choose the one that you think is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness.(Please write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.)Example：破镜虽已粘补，但既不美观，又不牢固。
[A] A mirror that has been glued back together has an unsightly flaw and breaksagain easily.[B] Though it can be glued back together, a mirror does not look beautiful butfragile.[C] A broken mirror, though glued back together, does not look beautiful butfragile.[D] A broken mirror, though glued back together, has an unsightly flaw and breaks again easily.答案是：APart II．Translate the idioms into English.(30 points, 1.5 points each)（共20个成语）Part III.Translation Improvement(15 points, 1.5 points each) Directions: Each of the following English translations has one or more inadequacies.Improve the given translations.Example：原文：能为他的这本散文集子作序，我觉得很荣幸。
《翻译理论与实践》30问(附答案)
《翻译理论与实践》30问（附答案）1 什么是翻译？翻译是跨语言、跨文化、跨社会的交际活动。
翻译的过程不仅是语言转换过程，且是反映不同社会特征的文化转换过程。
翻译是科学，因为它有规律可循；是艺术，因为它是译者对原文进行再创造的过程；是技能，因为译文的信息需要用译语以恰当的方式再现。
2 翻译的可能性和局限性是什么？翻译的可能性，建立在文化的共性上，而局限性建立在文化的个性上。
文化是一种复杂概念，大致可分为三类：物质文化、制度文化和心理文化。
语言属制度文化，因为它由社会中的人创造，有其使用规律，为全社会的人共有。
人类在同一个地球上生活繁衍，不同国家不同民族的人民都拥有上述三种文化，它们的许多共同之处便是翻译的基础。
由于人类居住的生态环境有别，各国社会历史不完全相同，各国人民表情达意的手法也有差别，它们都是文化交流的障碍，有些障碍甚至不可逾越，这便是造成翻译局限性的原因。
3 翻译和其它学科有关系吗？翻译是一门博大精深的学问，但它和语言诸学科和文化诸学科的关系最密切。
由于翻译至少涉及两种文化和两种语言，是跨文化、跨语言的交际，运用语言或文化科学指导翻译实践时，均需将有关学科进行对比。
所以，译学是“百科学”和译者是“杂家”的比喻，是一点也不过分的。
4 译者应该具备哪些素养？译者应能较熟悉地运用原语和译语，通达人情世故，了解作者和读者的心理，尊重作者和读者，尽力是自己成为沟通他们心灵的桥梁；译者要能“忘我”，尽量再现作者的意图和风格，而不是用自己的风格取而代之；译者应谦虚、大度，热爱学习、锲而不舍，要有将人类创造的全部知识来丰富自己的决心。
译无涯，学无涯。
5 翻译的从属性和创造性是什么？翻译是在科学指导下的艺术活动，需要译者在透彻理解原文的基础上进行再创造，但创造的目的是再现原文的意义和功能，创造的原则是服从于原文，从属于原文。
译者在翻译时好比是走钢丝的杂技演员，无论如何随着音乐的节奏和旋律手舞足蹈或前滚后翻，始终不能离开脚下的钢丝。
翻译理论与实践试卷及答案
I．Questions：(5×4, 20%)For each of the following questions, give a briefanswer.1.Of the two languages, English and Chinese, which has more inflectionsthan the other? What can be the strategies in translation?2.Which is the difference between paratactic Chinese and hypotactic English? What is a necessary strategy in translation?3.In which language is the order of the linguistic elements relatively flexible, Chinese or English? What can be the corresponding translation strategies?4. English sentence often has its focus in the head, what about Chinese? How can such sentences be best translated?II. English-Chinese Sentence Translation：(5×5, Array 25%)Translate the underlined parts in the following passage from English into Chinese.(1) A recent phenomenon in the choice of careers on the part of college graduates is the increasing trend towards big companies. Few are interested in research fields. This is an unavoidable problem in a materialistic society.(2) Tempting salaries and fringe benefits are offered by big companies to compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed theirstudies.On the other hand, (3) many big enterprises and even governments tend to concentrate on immediate economic results and show comparatively little interest in long range research. (4) Therefore, there is a steady shift of scientists and researchers from the pure research to the applied field where there are more jobs available with better salaries. All this has not only seriously influenced young people’s view on the choice of careers but on education as well. (5) Many college teachers deplore that fewer and fewer students these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake.III．Translation analysis: (5×5, 25%)a better choice.1. The significance of these incidents wasn’t lost on us.A．这些事件引起了我们的重视。
《翻译理论与实践》练习答案
一．翻译部分（汉译英部分）1. Numerous scientific studies conducted since 1939 have indicated that smoking is very harmful to health. Legislation is badly needed to ban all advertising of tobacco products as it persuades people to smoke more and so is in a large part responsible for people with deteriorating health or those who died of lung cancer.2. China’s entry into World Trade Organization (WTO. will not have a radical impact on the State enterprises despite the distressing predictions of some economists. The International Financial News said in a commentary the negative effects of entering WTO would be limited while there would be substantial benefits for the state enterprises, such as the introduction of more foreign technology.3. Actually the last fifty years was not the golden age of invention and innovation. From 1900 to 1950, human life was transformed by such invention as cars, aeroplanes, telephones, radios and television sets, not to mention nuclear weapons and the computer of course. In the recent 50 years since only a few inventions have been made, was the wellspring of invention drying up? Not likely. Indeed, a new age of invention is just beginning.4. It is of great importance to be well-informed in the modern world. Success in many fields depends on getting the latest information. At the same time, failure in policy-making often results from the lack of necessary information. Therefore, we call the current era “the information will play an increasingly important part in future society. Without information we would act like the blind and could make no further step forward..5. The well-educated university students are a treasure to any country. It is a pity that the brain drain of the talented has caused some difficulties in the development of industries in many developing countries. In these countries, engineers, scientists, managers and other professionals are badly needed. They are needed to develop the industry and economy there.6. China will develop its economy further and open itself still wider to the outside world, which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises. Since China’s reform and opening up, Chinese enterprises have vigorously undertaken Ecotech with overseas enterprises and scored tremendous achievements. While helping Chinese enterprises develop, overseas enterprises have also benefited from it, hence mutual benefit and all-win. The Chinese Government stands ready to continue to offer facilities and necessary conditions for closer cooperation between Chinese enterprises and their overseas counterparts.7. As specialists (experts. predict, in the near future, water will become a restriction (conditioned.factor for social economic development in many parts of China. Water degradation (Intensified water pollution. and increasing demand for water supply will, without mercy, result in the approaching of water shortage disaster. Thus, fighting against pollution and protecting water sources have become the common responsibilities of mankind as a whole.8. Culture is the best medium for people of different countries to understand each other. Through culture festivals, many cities in China have raised their prestige in the world. As has been proven that, this is one of the best ways to promote the communication between Chinese people and the people from different parts of the world. This kind of communication is not only confined to culture, but extends to economy and other fields.9. In a market economy, the crucial factor for prosperity is fair competition. But if thecompetition spins out of control, the negative effects must not be overlooked. Tremendous amounts of resources and talent will be wasted on vicious competition. In a highly competitive environment, the needs of the market usually give way to the need for competition. Hi-tech companies invest huge amounts of money into new projects. As a result, redundant products flood the market. Those who cannot grab a share of the market will suffer great losses.10. More young people get health information from the Internet than use it to ownload music,play games, or check sports scores. A new survey shows three out of four young people who use the Internet have searched for health and medical information. In face, the only activities that more young people reported participating in were emailing, school research, and finding news and entertainment information. The survey is the first to look in depth at how young people use the Internet for health purposes finds.11. China is already the world’s third largest producer o f electronics, and becoming a player inthe global appliance market. With its huge production capacity--growing by about 20 percent a year--the Chinese are relentlessly driving down global prices. Twenty years age, U.S., European and Japanese companies started moving into China to supply the local market with household goods. Now those companies are getting whipped by Chinese competitors. “We will see the emergence of globally competitive Chinese firms,” says the Brookings Institution’s Lardy.12. Green, h uman, and technological are the three main themes of Beijing’s bid for the 2008Olympic Games. Actively responding to the call of the International Olympic Committee, Beijing wants its Olympics to be the Games known for promoting environmental protection.Along with all of its citizens, through the bidding stage and hosting of the Olympic Games, Beijing’s aim is to further speed up its environmental protection plans to enhance theenvironmental quality, perfect construction of urban infrastructure, improve residents’ standard of living and promote the sustainable development of the city.13. It surely does harm to your lungs if other people smoke and you breathe it in. According tothe anticipation of American Lung Association, each year about 3,000 people who die from lung cancer are passive smokers. An investigation indicates that non-smoking women living in a smoking family environment for 40 years or still longer will have the double risk of developing lung cancer.14. The phenomenon of holiday economy demonstrates that, with an improvement of livingstandards, the consumption structure has been diversified and the consumption concept greatly changed. Traditional consumer demand for basic necessities of life has given way to leisure, comfort and development. Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt to social development, and services should be refined to satisfy people’s demand for an improved quality of life.15. Developing a scenic spot represents the orientation of building culture. An economic flourishis not bound to bring about cultural progress. First, when people seek economic benefits, they often neglect or give up fostering the building of culture. Second, when old concepts are broken up, some people will be at a loss or go astray . Therefore, it has been an important task of society to keep a balance between economic development and cultural building.16. A national survey indicates that major tourist attractions and scenic spots nationwidereceived a total of 9.86 million visitors during October 1-7, and income from admission tickets hit 267 million yuan. During the week, 1.22 million Beijingers traveled to other places, an increase of 37 percent compared to the same period last year, and the city’s tourism income totaled 2.43 billion yuan, up 52 percent. Therefore, the seven-day holiday has been called a “golden week”.17. According to the 10th Five-Year Plan (2001-2005., the Central Government will increasetransfer payments to the western region. In the meantime, measures will be adopted to attract non-governmental and foreign capital for participation in western development and construction. Major engineering projects, such as the west-to-east power transmission, conservation and development of water resources, will provide great possibilities for rising investment demand in the coming years.18. A peaceful environment is indispensable for national, regional and even global development.Without peace or political stability, there would be no economic progress to speak of. Thishas been fully proved by both the past and the present. Peace and development are the themes of the times. People across the world should join hands in advancing the lofty cause of peace and development of mankind.19. In the past few years, important advances in computer science, artificial intelligence andmaterial science have once again raised hopes of making intelligent robots. In fact, progress toward an intelligent robot has been so convincing that many scientists are worrying publicly about the perils of robots. Whether humans are in a hopeful or precarious place, the journey here has been an intellectual challenge.20. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 50 non-government environmentalprotection organizations in the city. They exploit their advantages to the fullest with the public, guiding local people to protect the environment and build a green home and a green community, advocating garbage segregation, holding consultation meetings, giving public lectures, calling upon people to protect wild animals and organizing environmental protection summer camp activities, etc.21. It surely does harm to your lungs if other people smoke and you breathe it in. According tothe anticipation of American Lung Association, each year about 3,000 people who die from lung cancer are passive smokers. An investigation indicates that non-smoking women living in a smoking family environment for 40 years or still longer will have the double risk of developing lung cancer.22. Culture is the best medium for people of different countries to understand each other.Through culture festivals, many cities in China have raised their prestige in the world. As has been proven that, this is one of the best ways to promote the communication between Chinese people and the people from different parts of the world. This kind of communication is not only confined to culture, but extends to economy and other fields.23. Actually the last fifty years was not the golden age of invention and innovation. From 1900to 1950, human life was transformed by such invention as cars, aeroplanes, telephones, radios and television sets, not to mention nuclear weapons and the computer of course. In the recent 50 years since only a few inventions have been made, was the wellspring of invention drying up? Not likely. Indeed, a new age of invention is just beginning.24. Over the last two decades, no country in the world has expanded its foreign trade as fast asChina. Japan took more than 20 years to double its foreign trade, while China, for the same length of time, has quadrupled its foreign trade (has increased its foreign trade by three times .. Already the world' s third largest producer of electric appliances, China is nowplaying a major role in the global market of the electric wares. China has also become a major producer of labor-intensive manufactured goods in the world.25. In order to hold the 2008 Olympic Games successfully, Beijing plans to invest 23 billion USdollars in the construction of basic facilities, It is reported that some foreign companies have noticed these business opportunities. Some American companies plan to provide products and service in the areas of telecommunication and information technology. Some British companies are also seeking business opportunities from Beijing Olympic Games.They are trying find the areas where U. K has advantages, such as the architectural technology which will not pollute the environment.26. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Chinese art, architecture and philosophy had been quiteappreciated in the west. In addition, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain had been warmlywelcomed, and had altered, to some extent, the lifestyle of many westerners. In the last part of the 20th century, the westerners focused their attention on Chinese culture again. Besides enjoying Chinese food, they learned Chinese, tried out Chinese medicine and herbs,watched gofu films.（英译汉部分）英译汉讲义答案Section One Sentence Translation1. 如何运用新的管理方式和观念来改造一个服务性企业，英航在这方面的确提供了一个范例。
英汉笔译考试题及答案
英汉笔译考试题及答案一、词汇翻译（每题2分，共20分）1. 请将下列英语词汇翻译成中文：- Globalization- Inflation- Renewable energy- Artificial intelligence- Social media2. 请将下列中文词汇翻译成英文：- 可持续发展- 非物质文化遗产- 人工智能- 移动支付- 电子商务二、句子翻译（每题5分，共30分）1. The rapid development of technology has changed the way we live and work.2. The company's new policy aims to reduce environmental impact and improve efficiency.3. She is fluent in three languages: English, French, and Spanish.4. The ancient city has a rich history and numerous cultural sites.5. The government has implemented new measures to combat climate change.三、段落翻译（每题10分，共50分）1. In recent years, the concept of a "smart city" has gained popularity. A smart city utilizes information and communication technologies (ICT) to enhance the quality and performance of urban services, to reduce costs and resource consumption, and to engage more effectively and actively with its citizens.2. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history andis deeply rooted in Chinese culture. It encompasses a variety of practices including herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage, and dietary therapy, aiming to restore balance and harmony within the body.3. The protection of biodiversity is crucial for maintaining the balance of ecosystems. It ensures the survival of species, genetic diversity within species, and the variety of ecosystems in which they live.4. Education plays a vital role in personal development and social progress. It equips individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to contribute to society and helps to fostera more informed and engaged citizenry.5. The rise of the sharing economy has led to innovative business models that allow individuals to share underutilized assets, such as cars and homes, thereby reducing waste and promoting more sustainable consumption patterns.答案：一、词汇翻译1. 全球化、通货膨胀、可再生能源、人工智能、社交媒体2. 可持续发展、非物质文化遗产、人工智能、移动支付、电子商务二、句子翻译1. 近年来，技术的快速发展已经改变了我们的生活和工作方式。
《翻译理论与实践》讲义（完美版）练习与作业答案
《翻译理论与实践》讲义（完美版）练习与作业答案翻译理论与实践讲义作业一。
字词的翻译一、词的理解1.一词多义：例子：wetShe had a wet nurse for the infant Elliot. 她雇了一名奶妈为艾略特喂奶。
If you think I am for him, you are all wet. 如果你认为我支持他，那你就大错特错了。
She wet her pants at the news. 听到这个消息，她吓得尿了裤子。
2.词的大小：state and revolution, 国家与革命（列宁著作）state of the union (国情咨文)the united states. 美国（联合的各州）3.词义引申：抽象化、具体化例子：every life has its roses and thorns. 每个人的生活都有甜有苦。
She stood there chewing over the strange thing. 她站在那儿仔细地琢磨这件怪事。
The engine sounds good. 那台机器听起来很正常。
At 23, he had first learned what it is to be a Negro. 他23岁时，平生第一次尝到了做黑人的滋味。
4.词的褒贬：例子：commentAlice was excited as a child, delighted to be once more the center of the comment.爱丽丝兴奋得像个小孩子似地，很高兴自己有成了谈论的中心。
But what a comment, she could not help reflecting, on her own charms.但她禁不住想到，这对她个人的魅力是多么大的讽刺啊。
He walked around the room. He then stopped and looked around, “comment” ?他在房间里走来走去，之后停下来环视着说：“谁有高见”？5.词的轻重：看词类、看场合、看句型、看习惯等等。
翻译理论与实践课后习题问题详解
第一章翻译概论第一节中外翻译史简介四、课练习1. 东汉至唐宋时期。
2. 玄奘不仅译出了75 部佛经，而且还把老子的局部著作译成梵文，成为第一个向国外介绍汉语著作的中国人。
3. 20 世纪初的“五四〞新文化运动，开创了白话文学和白话翻译的新纪元，语言从文言正宗转为白话本位。
五四运动前后，东西方各国的优秀文学作品，特别是俄国和联的作品开始被介绍进来，《共产党宣言》等一批马克思主义著作的译文就发表在“五四〞时期，为中国后来的革命做了充分的理论和思想准备。
4. 圣经的翻译成为了西方翻译研究的重要源头之一。
5. 中外悠久的翻译历史已为我们积累了一份宝贵的文化遗产。
我们应当认真总结前人的翻译经验，借鉴吸收前人从实践中总结出的理论、方法，以便继续提高我们的翻译水平，为中外文化交流做出自己的贡献。
五、课后练习〔一〕将如下段落译成中文：一百年前的今天：一些海鸥；北卡罗来纳州杀魔山海岸警卫队的三个队员；救生站以与一些本地人，见证了威尔帕·莱特(Wilbur Wright)和奥维尔·莱特(Orville Wright)兄弟的第一次机动飞机飞行。
1903 年12 月17 日，莱特兄弟第一次用比空气重的飞行器进展了有动力的持续飞行。
1932 年，90 英尺高的杀魔山顶立起了一座60 英尺高的花岗岩纪念碑，用以纪念这两个来自俄亥俄州代顿市的梦想家。
莱特兄弟来自于美国中部。
他们有着天空般广阔的眼界，也有着十分务实的作风。
1892 年，他们在俄亥俄州的代顿开创了自己的自行车企业：莱特自行车公司。
虽然在当时世纪之交的美国，有着数不清的自行车公司，但只有一个在造轮子的同时造出了翅膀。
当莱特兄弟在1903 年最终着眼于动力载人飞行器，他们成功地使世界变小了……〔二〕将如下段落译成英文：As Jia baoyu，Xue Baoqin，Xing youyan and Ping’er had birthdays on the same day，the young ladies held a hilarious drinking party in the hall of the peony garden for them. When it was Xiangyun’s turn to pose a verse amid a drinking game，she made fun of the service maids by saying，holding a duck head in hand，“This ya tou 〔referring to the duck head in hand〕is not that ya tou 〔referring to the service maids around，as both are homophones in Chinese〕，for this ya tou has applied no hair oil….〞Everybody roared with laughter. Some service maids protested，laughing，“You made fun of us，so you have to drink another cup. Let’s pour a full cup her….〞As the party went on drinkers’games continued with ceaseless laughter and people suddenly noticed that Xiangyun had disappeared. While they looked this way and that，a service maid rushed in laughing，“Young ladies. Hurry to have a look at the Lady Xiangyun. She’s sleeping on the stone bench over there.〞The group tiptoed over，and sure enough，saw Xiangyun sleeping soundly.Fallen flowers scattered on her body，her hair and her face. Her fan had dropped on the ground aside. Bees danced in the air around her. Under her head was a make-shift pillow of peony flowers wrapped with her handkerchief. Amid laughter service girls gently woke her up and helped her-she was still mumbling something drunkenly-get inside the room.第二节翻译的定义与性质四、课练习〔一〕将如下英文译成中文：1. 海蒂读过阿瑟的信后陷入了绝望之中。
7645翻译理论与实践试题
7645翻译理论与实践答案 1. 说服的技巧 如果当领导说到底就是让别人做事，那么说服便是领导者极为重要的方法之一。很多经理人都曾认为自己学不会这种方法，只有那些具有魅力和口才的人才能够驾驭它。然而，通过过去几十年的研究，试验心理学家掌握了能够使他人 让步、服从或改变的可靠方法。他们的研究表明，说服是有原理可循的，而这些原理人们是可以学会应用的。 首先，人们更愿意服从和自己有相同之处的人。因此，明智的经理会选择同龄人与自己共事。其次，人们更愿意和那些不仅与自己相似，而且喜欢自己的人合作。所以，下功夫寻找真正的共同点并给人以真诚的赞扬是值得的。 第三，试验证实了“你如何待人，人如何待你”这一直观的事实。先助人而后求助于人，这才是上策。第四，人们一般都会信守自愿而明确做出的承诺。我们对经理人的提示是，要让员工做出书面承诺。第五，研究表明人们的确愿意服从专家的领导。因此，在试图施展自己的影响力之前，经理人应该花气力学好专业知识，不要以为这是不言而喻的。最后一点，人们对稀缺商品往往有更强的欲望，那么，独家信息比广为人知的数据更具说服力。 （摘自2002年9月《英语文摘》） 1. 说服的技巧 如果领导说到底就是让别人做事，那么说服就是领导者的主要手段之一。很多经理人都认为自己没有掌握这个手段，只有那些有魅力和口才的人才能驾驭它。然而，通过过去几十年的研究，试验心理学家掌握了能够使他人让步、服从和改变的可靠方法。他们的研究表明，说服是有原则可循的，人们可以学习并应用这些原则。 第一条原则是，人们愿意服从与自己有共同之处的人。因此明智的经理会选择同类人与自己共事。第二，人们更愿意与不仅和自己相类似而且欣赏自己的人合作。所以，下功夫寻找真正的共同点以及给人以真诚的赞扬是值得的。 第三，试验证实了“你如何待人，人如何待你”这一直观事实。先助人而后求助，这才是良策。第四，每个人一般都会信守自愿而明确做出的承诺。这里经理人得到的提示是，要获得书面承诺。第五，研究表明人们的确愿意服从专家的领导。因此，在试图发挥影响力之前，经理人应该努力确立自己的专家信誉，不要认为这是不言而喻的。最后一条原则是，人们对稀缺商品有更大的需求，所以独家信息比广为人知的数据更具说服力。 （摘自2002年9月《英语文摘》） 2. 消极思维有碍健康 越来越多的研究结果表明，悲观厌世的观点会严重损害你的健康。这可能是因为悲观主义者不像乐观主义者那样善于应付压力，从而影响身体免疫系统的正常工作并导致诸如高血压之类的健康问题。乐观主义者遇到困难处境时比较自信，所以事情在他们看来较少具有威胁和压力。在压力不可避免的情况下，思想乐观的人也会以更有效的方法来应对。把注意力放在事物的积极方面也许能使人长寿。研究人员发现，悲观主义者死亡的几率多19%。对艾滋病患者的研究也发现，乐观主义者的健康状况不会迅速恶化。 幸运的是，即便根深蒂固的悲观主义者也是可以改变的。首先，专家们推荐了一种叫做“创造性记账”的方法：在脑子里把所有发生在你身上的好事列一个清单。只要将思维集中在积极的事物上，就可以使你的情绪高昂起来。你还可以有意识地避免向上攀比。在你的周围总有一些人会比你更漂亮或更富有，如果经常把自己同他们做比较，会使你感到沮丧和妒忌。 最后，请注意情绪是如何影响你对事物的看法的。乐观主义者懂得，只要保持良好的精神状态，他们每一天的经历和交往就会更加积极。所以，这就要看你是否能够笑容常在了。保持乐观，其结果很可能是保持了一个健康快乐的你。 （摘自2002年8月《英语文摘》） 2. 消极思维有碍健康 越来越多的研究结果显示，悲观厌世会大大有损于你的身体健康。这可能是悲观主义者不像乐观主义者那样善于处理压力，从而影响免疫系统的正常工作和导致诸如高血压之类的健康问题。乐观主义者具有更强的自信心，所以事情在他们看来较少具有威胁和压力。在压力似乎是不可避免的情况下，思想乐观的人也拥有有效的应对方法。多看事物的积极方面也许会导致长寿。研究者们发现，悲观主义者死亡的几率多19%。对艾滋病人的研究也发现，乐观主义者的健康不会迅速衰退。 幸运的是，即便是一个根深蒂固的悲观主义者也有可能改变。首先，专家们推荐一种被称作创造性记账的方法：在脑子里保存一张发生在你身上的所有好事的清单。把思维集中在积极的事物上，就可使你的情绪高昂起来。你还可以有意识地避免攀比。总有一些人比你更漂亮或者更富有，但如果经常把你自己同他们做比较会使你感到沮丧和妒忌。 最后，请注意情绪如何影响你对事物的看法。乐观主义者懂得，如果他们保持良好的精神状态，他们每一天的经历和交往将更加积极。因此，如果你能笑容常在，其结果可能会是一个更加快乐和健康的你。 3. 工商管理硕士风光不再 当大学毕业生在加州找工作的时候，他们当中拥有工商管理硕士学位的人以为自己至少能够比别人多挣1万到1.5万美元。而帕纳格拉夫公司首席执行官马克·阿斯顿却说他们不值这个价钱。马克·阿斯顿本人也是工商管理硕士。 阿斯顿说，“如果你在工作、事业和获取经验方面投入了同样的精力，你挣的钱会更多”。首席执行官中持这种观点的并非阿斯顿一人。怀南斯国际公司首席执行官肯·怀南斯说：“大多数拥有工商管理硕士学位的人并不具备解决实际问题的能力”。怀南斯于1987年在旧金山大学获得工商管理硕士学位，现在加州一所学院讲授工商管理硕士学位课程。 加里·格里菲思是一家技术公司的首席执行官。他告诫自己25岁的儿子不要浪费时间与金钱去读工商管理硕士学位。“除非你走投无路了，否则不要中断自己正在从事的职业，”格里菲思说。 麦肯锡管理咨询公司仍在努力争抢顶尖的工商管理硕士毕业生，但其雇员中工商管理硕士的比例却已经从1993年的61%下降到了今天的43%。因为它发现拥有法律、医学和其他专业学位的学生同样干得很出色。“我们不相信世界上最优秀的人才只局限在工商管理硕士校园里，”麦肯锡公司发言人如是说。 在安然和其他公司的丑闻曝光后，甚至连美国总统布什（第一位拥有工商管理硕士学位的总统，1975年毕业于哈佛大学）也开始感觉到工商管理硕士学位已失去了昔日的光辉。 Empyrean资产管理公司首席执行官詹尼特·诺列加曾在学习工商管理硕士学位课程时退学，转而攻读工业心理学博士学位。她说，工商管理硕士学位就像流行时尚，随着时光的流逝会渐渐被人遗忘。 （摘自2002年10月《英语沙龙》） 3. 工商管理硕士风光不再 当大学毕业生在加州找工作的时候，他们当中拥有工商管理硕士学位的人以为自己至少要比别人能够多挣1万到1.5万美元。自己也是工商管理硕士的帕纳格拉夫公司首席执行官马克·阿斯顿却说他们不值这个价钱。 “如果你在工作、事业和获取经验方面投入同样的精力，你会挣得更多，”阿斯顿说道。在首席执行官当中持有这种观点的并非阿斯顿一人。怀南斯国际公司首席执行官肯·怀南斯说：“大多数拥有工商管理硕士学位的人并没有解决实际问题的能力”。怀南斯本人于1987年在旧金山大学获得工商管理硕士学位，现在加州一所学院讲授工商管理硕士学位课程。 加里·格里菲思是一家技术公司的首席执行官，他告诫自己25岁的儿子不要浪费时间与金钱去攻读工商管理硕士学位。“除非你走投无路，否则不要中断你正在从事的职业，”格里菲思说。 麦肯锡管理咨询公司仍在努力争抢拥有工商管理硕士学位的顶尖毕业生。但其雇员中拥有工商管理硕士学位者的比例已经从1993年的61%下降到了今天的43%。因为它发现法律、医学和其他专业的学生同样可以干得很出色。“我们不相信世界上最优秀的人才只局限在工商管理硕士校园里，”麦肯锡公司的发言人如是说。 即使是第一位拥有工商管理硕士学位的美国总统布什（1975年毕业于哈佛大学），也在安然和其他公司丑闻曝光后开始感觉工商管理硕士学位已失去了昔日的光芒。 安普天润资产管理公司首席执行官詹尼特·诺列加曾在学习工商管理硕士学位课程时突然转攻工业心理学博士学位。她说工商管理硕士学位就像流行时尚一样，会随着时光的流逝而渐渐被人遗忘。
翻译理论与实践课后习题答案概要
第一章翻译概论第一节中外翻译史简介四、课内练习1. 东汉至唐宋时期。
2. 玄奘不仅译出了75 部佛经，而且还把老子的部分著作译成梵文，成为第一个向国外介绍汉语著作的中国人。
3. 20 世纪初的“五四”新文化运动，开创了白话文学和白话翻译的新纪元，语言从文言正宗转为白话本位。
五四运动前后，东西方各国的优秀文学作品，特别是俄国和苏联的作品开始被介绍进来，《共产党宣言》等一批马克思主义著作的译文就发表在“五四”时期，为中国后来的革命做了充分的理论和思想准备。
4. 圣经的翻译成为了西方翻译研究的重要源头之一。
5. 中外悠久的翻译历史已为我们积累了一份宝贵的文化遗产。
我们应当认真总结前人的翻译经验，借鉴吸收前人从实践中总结出的理论、方法，以便继续提高我们的翻译水平，为中外文化交流做出自己的贡献。
五、课后练习（一）将下列段落译成中文：一百年前的今天：一些海鸥；北卡罗来纳州杀魔山海岸警卫队的三个队员；救生站以及一些本地人，见证了威尔帕·莱特(Wilbur Wright)和奥维尔·莱特(Orville Wright)兄弟的第一次机动飞机飞行。
1903 年12 月17 日，莱特兄弟第一次用比空气重的飞行器进行了有动力的持续飞行。
1932 年，90 英尺高的杀魔山顶立起了一座60 英尺高的花岗岩纪念碑，用以纪念这两个来自俄亥俄州代顿市的梦想家。
莱特兄弟来自于美国中部。
他们有着天空般广阔的眼界，也有着十分务实的作风。
1892 年，他们在俄亥俄州的代顿开创了自己的自行车企业：莱特自行车公司。
虽然在当时世纪之交的美国，有着数不清的自行车公司，但只有一个在造轮子的同时造出了翅膀。
当莱特兄弟在1903 年最终着眼于动力载人飞行器，他们成功地使世界变小了……（二）将下列段落译成英文：As Jia baoyu，Xue Baoqin，Xing youyan and Ping’er had birthdays on the same day，the young ladies held a hilarious drinking party in the hall of the peony garden for them. When it was Xiangyun’s turn to compose a verse amid a drinking game，she made fun of the service maids by saying，holding a duck head in hand，“This ya tou （referring to the duck head in hand）is not that ya tou （referring to the service maids around，as both are homophones in Chinese），for this ya tou has applied no hair oil….”Everybody roared with laughter. Some service maids protested，laughing，“You made fun of us，so you have to drink another cup. Let’s pour a full cup her….”As the party went on drinkers’games continued with ceaseless laughter and people suddenly noticed that Xiangyun had disappeared. While they looked this way and that，a service maid rushed in laughing，“Young ladies. Hurry to have a look at the Lady Xiangyun. She’s sleeping on the stone bench over there.”The group tiptoed over，and sure enough，saw Xiangyun sleeping soundly. Fallen flowers scattered on her body，her hair and her face. Her fan had dropped on the ground aside. Bees danced in the air around her. Under her head was a make-shift pillow of peony flowers wrapped with her handkerchief. Amid laughter service girls gently woke her up and helped her-she was still mumbling something drunkenly-get inside theroom.第二节翻译的定义与性质四、课内练习（一）将下列英文译成中文：1. 海蒂读过阿瑟的信后陷入了绝望之中。
翻译理论与实践
翻译理论与实践翻译理论与实践试题注意事项：1、试卷分I卷和Ⅱ卷；2、Ⅰ卷答案必须填涂在Ⅱ卷指定位置内；3、考试结束后，将Ⅱ卷交回。
第I卷PART ONE Ⅰ. Multiple Choice Questions(32 points, 4 points for each) A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent to the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness and write it down on the answer sheet. was given a chair and asked to wait a little as darkness came on, then suddenly the whole bridge was outlined in lights.A.天快黑了，有人给比尔一把椅子，请他坐下等一会儿。
忽然电灯全亮了，整座大桥的轮廓被灯照了出来。
B.给比尔一把椅子，他被要求坐下等一会儿，天快黑了。
忽然电灯全亮了，照出了整座大桥的轮廓。
C.天快黑了，有人给比尔一把椅子，请他坐下等一会儿。
忽然电灯全亮了，照出了整座大桥的轮廓。
D.给比尔一把椅子，他被要求坐下等一会儿，天快黑了。
忽然电灯全亮了，整座大桥的轮廓被灯照了出来。
will strengthen you to know that you distinguished career is so widely respected and appreciated. A.这会使你坚定地认识到，你的杰出事业是如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏。